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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union

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Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11267-11281, 2016
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/11267/2016/
doi:10.5194/acp-16-11267-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed
under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
12 Sep 2016
Russia's black carbon emissions: focus on diesel sources
Nazar Kholod1, Meredydd Evans1, and Teresa Kuklinski2 1Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD 20740, USA
2US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of International and Tribal Affairs, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA
Received: 05 Jun 2016 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 16 Jun 2016
Revised: 22 Aug 2016 – Accepted: 27 Aug 2016 – Published: 12 Sep 2016
Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a significant climate forcer with a particularly pronounced forcing effect in polar regions such as the Russian Arctic. Diesel combustion is a major global source of BC emissions, accounting for 25–30 % of all BC emissions. While the demand for diesel is growing in Russia, the country's diesel emissions are poorly understood. This paper presents a detailed inventory of Russian BC emissions from diesel sources. Drawing on a complete Russian vehicle registry with detailed information about vehicle types and emission standards, this paper analyzes BC emissions from diesel on-road vehicles. We use the COPERT emission model (COmputer Programme to calculate Emissions from Road Transport) with Russia-specific emission factors for all types of on-road vehicles. On-road diesel vehicles emitted 21 Gg of BC in 2014: heavy-duty trucks account for 60 % of the on-road BC emissions, while cars represent only 5 % (light commercial vehicles and buses account for the remainder). Using Russian activity data and fuel-based emission factors, the paper also presents BC emissions from diesel locomotives and ships, off-road engines in industry, construction and agriculture, and generators. The study also factors in the role of superemitters in BC emissions from diesel on-road vehicles and off-road sources. The total emissions from diesel sources in Russia are estimated to be 49 Gg of BC and 17 Gg of organic carbon (OC) in 2014. Off-road diesel sources emitted 58 % of all diesel BC in Russia.

Citation: Kholod, N., Evans, M., and Kuklinski, T.: Russia's black carbon emissions: focus on diesel sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11267-11281, doi:10.5194/acp-16-11267-2016, 2016.
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The paper presents an inventory of black carbon (BC) emissions from diesel sources in Russia. On-road diesel vehicles emitted 21 Gg of BC in 2014; heavy-duty trucks accounted for 60 % of the on-road BC; and cars represent only 5 %. Superemitters emitted 33 % of all on-road BC. BC emissions from off-road diesel engines estimated at 28 Gg. While consuming 68 % of the diesel fuel in the country, on-road vehicles produced only 42 % of BC emissions due to introduction of emission standards.
The paper presents an inventory of black carbon (BC) emissions from diesel sources in Russia....
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