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This report documents an assessment of wide area measurement system (WAMS)
security conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) as a project
funded by the National SCADA Test Bed Program in cooperation with the Department of
Energy’s Transmission Reliability Program. With emphasis on cyber security, this
report also addresses other categories of risk and vulnerability including equipment
reliability, data quality and human performance. Collectively, these issues affect the
overall security of currently functional WAMS infrastructure and its projected future
evolution. This effort is motivated by the growing importance of information security in
current WAMS operations, as well as the full range of security considerations that must
be addressed to enable the projected expansion of its applications.