National Toxicology Program

Health Effects of Low-level Lead Evaluation

NTP Monograph on Health Effects of Low-level Lead (June 2012)

Although reductions in lead exposure for the U.S. population have resulted in lower blood lead levels over time, epidemiological studies continue to provide evidence of health effects at lower and lower blood lead levels. The NTP Monograph on Health Effects of Low-level Lead was developed to summarize the evidence for lead- associated health effects in children and adults at these low exposure levels. The evidence provides support for adverse health effects in both children and adults at blood lead levels below 10 μg/dL, and, for some effects, below 5 μg/dL.

• Appendices A- E (4 MB)

  • Appendices A – E: Human Studies Considered in Developing Conclusions (4 MB) (includes all appendices)
  • Appendix A: Human Studies of Neurological Effects of Lead Considered in Developing Conclusions (1.5 MB)
  • Appendix B: Human Studies of Immune Effects of Lead Considered in Developing Conclusions(618KB)
  • Appendix C: Human Studies of Cardiovascular Effects of Lead Considered in Developing Conclusions(824 KB)
  • Appendix D: Human Studies of Renal Effects of Lead Considered in Developing Conclusions(408 KB)
  • Appendix E: Human Studies of Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Lead Considered in Developing Conclusions (1.5 MB)
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• Peer Review of Draft NTP Monograph on Health Effects of Low-level Lead (November 17-18, 2011)

Other Resources on Lead and Health

• Report on Carcinogens listing of Lead and Lead Compounds
• Information about lead from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
• Lead and Your Health Fact Sheet