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Michigan U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Bait U.S. Department of the Interior Ken Salazar, Secretary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dan Ashe, Director U.S. Department of Commerce Rebecca M. Blank, Acting Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Vacant, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Senior Adviser Performing the Duties of the Director FHW/11-MI Issued April 2013 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Bait Michigan The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsi-bilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated Island Communities. The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide finan-cial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. Suggested Citation U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dan Ashe, Director U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Senior Adviser Performing the Duties of the Director Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Hannibal Bolton, Assistant Director U.S. Department of the Interior Ken Salazar, Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Vacant, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan iii Contents List of Tables. . iv Foreword. . vi Survey Background and Method . vii Highlights Introduction. . 2 Summary. . 4 Wildlife-Related Recreation. . 5 Sportspersons . 6 Anglers. . 7 Hunters. . 9 Wildlife Watchers. . 11 2001–2011 Comparison . 13 Tables Guide to Statistical Tables. . 16 Fishing and Hunting Tables . 17 Wildlife-Watching Tables. . 33 Appendixes A. Definitions. . 44 B. 2010 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews. . 48 C. Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends. . 54 D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy. . 64 iv 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau List of Tables Fishing and Hunting 1. Fishing and Hunting in Michigan by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011 . 17 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Michigan by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 17 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011 . 18 4. Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5. Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 18 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011 . 19 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011. . 19 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Michigan: 2011 . 20 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011. . 20 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Michigan: 2011. . 21 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011. . 21 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 22 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Game: 2011 . 22 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Land: 2011. . 23 15. Selected Characteristics of Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 16. Summary of Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 25 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011. . 26 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 27 19. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011. . 28 20. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011. . 29 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan for Fishing and Hunting by Michigan Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 30 22. Summary of Michigan Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Michigan: 2011. . 31 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Michigan Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011 . 32 Wildlife Watching 24. Wildlife Watching in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011. . 33 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Michigan: 2011. . 33 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Michigan: 2011. . 34 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Michigan: 2011. . 34 28. Michigan Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011 . 35 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . 35 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan v 30. Selected Characteristics of Michigan Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 36 31. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 37 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan for Wildlife Watching by Michigan Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 38 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Michigan by Michigan Residents: 2011. . 39 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Michigan Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011 . 40 35. Participation of Michigan Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 40 36. Participation of Michigan Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011. . 41 vi 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau When I was growing up, it was taken as a matter of faith that kids belonged outside. I grew up with 4 brothers, and during those long, hot Atlanta summers, it was common for our mom to holler, “You boys get outside, and don’t come back ‘til it’s dark.” It never occurred to me or my brothers to do anything else in our spare time but explore the world around us. The truth is, we had little else to do. But those experiences – waking up on frosty mornings and starting the campfire, scanning trees for a shot at a scampering gray squirrel in the dawn light, scouring creek beds for crawdads and other fishing bait, or simply of the fun we had tramping through the forest – shaped who I am, and drew me to a career in conserva-tion. That’s why I’m excited by this 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. This report, the 12th in a series that began in 1955, documents a significant resurgence in the number of people embracing America’s Great Outdoors. Hunting participation has increased by 9 percent, while angling participation grew by 11 percent. Nearly 38 percent of Americans participated in wildlife-related recreation, an increase of 2.6 million participants from the 2006 Survey. In addition, wildlife-related recre-ation is a major driver of the nation’s economy. The 2011 Survey estimates that Americans spent $145 billion on related gear, trips, licenses, land acqui-sition or leases, and other purchases, representing about one percent of the nation’s gross domestic product. This spending creates thousands of jobs, supports countless local communities and provides vital funding for conser-vation. This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restora-tion Program, a cornerstone of wildlife conservation in the United States. Through excise taxes on firearms, ammunition, archery and angling equipment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has distributed over $14 billion for State and territorial wildlife conser-vation programs. This report would not have been possible without the combined efforts of state wildlife agencies – which provided financial support through the Multi-State Conservation Grant Programs – the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and a number of major national conservation organiza-tions. We also owe our gratitude to the thousands of survey respondents from households across America. Because of you, this Survey is the nation’s definitive wildlife-related recreation database and information source concerning participation and purchases associated with hunting, fishing and other forms of wildlife-associated recreation nationwide. The Fish and Wildlife Service is dedi-cated to connecting people and families with nature. We are proud to celebrate the good news in this report, and we look forward to continuing progress as we work with the States, and all our partners and the public to help keep recreational fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching growing and going strong. Dan Ashe Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Foreword U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan vii Survey Background and Method The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The Survey collects information on the number of anglers, hunters, and wild-life watchers, how often they partici-pate, and how much they spend on their activities in the United States. Preparations for the 2011 Survey began in 2008 when the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) asked the Fish and Wildlife Service to coordinate the twelfth National Survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Acts, as amended. Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of AFWA to ensure that State fish and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to participate in all phases of survey plan-ning and design. The committees were made up of agency representatives. We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations such as the American Sportfishing Association and National Shooting Sports Foundation to deter-mine survey content. Other sportsper-sons’ organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice. Data collection for the Survey was carried out in two phases by the U.S. Census Bureau. The first phase was the screen which began in April 2011. During the screening phase, the Census Bureau interviewed a sample of 48,600 households nationwide, to determine who in the household had fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in 2010, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2011. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all members. The screen primarily covered 2010 activities while the next, more in-depth phase covered 2011 activities. For more information on the 2010 data, refer to Appendix B. The second phase of data collection consisted of three detailed interview waves. The first wave began in April 2011 concurrent with the screen, the second in September 2011, and the last in January 2012. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identified in the initial screening phase. Interviews were conducted primarily by telephone, with in-person interviews for respondents who could not be reached by phone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those who were at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expendi-tures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable results at the state level. Altogether, interviews were completed for 11,330 anglers and hunters and 9,329 wildlife watchers. More detailed information on sampling procedures and response rates is found in Appendix D. Comparability With Previous Surveys The 2011 Survey’s questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 2006, 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys. Therefore, the estimates are comparable. The methodology for these Surveys differs significantly from the 1955 to 1985 Surveys, so these estimates are not directly comparable to those of earlier surveys. Changes in meth-odology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12-month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods. Highlights 2 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation reports results from inter-views with U.S. residents about their fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching. This report focuses on 2011 participa-tion and expenditures of persons 16 years of age and older. The Survey is a snapshot of one year. The information it collected tells us how many people participated and how much they spent on their activi-ties in the State in 2011. It does not tell us how many anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers there were because many do not participate every year. For example, based on information collected in the Survey’s household screen phase, we can estimate that about 51 percent more anglers and 44 percent more hunters participated nationally in at least 1 of the 5 years prior to the screen survey year 2010. In addition to 2011 estimates, we also provide trend information in the High-lights section and Appendix C of the report. The 2011 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey reports because they used similar methodolo-gies. The 2011 estimates should not be directly compared with results from Surveys conducted prior to 1991 because of changes in methodology to improve accuracy. The report also provides information on participation in wildlife recreation in 2010, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2010 information is provided in Appendix B. Information about the Survey’s scope and coverage is in Appendix D. The remainder of this section defines important terms used in the Survey. This report does not provide infor-mation about the State’s wildlife resources. That, and additional infor-mation on wildlife-related recreation, may be obtained from State fish and wildlife agencies. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide the addresses and telephone numbers of those agencies. The Association’s website is www.fishwildlife.org. Additionally, this report does not provide information about the State’s number of licensed anglers and hunters. Historical license data can be found at wsfrprograms.fws.gov. Wildlife-Related Recreation Wildlife-related recreation is fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activi-ties. These categories are not mutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one activity. Wildlife-related recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) fishing and hunting, and (2) wildlife watching, which includes observing, photo-graphing, and feeding fish or wildlife. Fishing and Hunting This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who fished or hunted in 2011, regardless of whether they were licensed. The fishing and hunting sections report information for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters. Sportspersons Sportspersons are those who fished or hunted. Individuals who fished or hunted commercially in 2011 are reported as sportspersons only if they also fished or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of the three subgroups shown in the diagram below: (1) those that fished and hunted, (2) those that only fished, and (3) those that only hunted. The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only fished, only hunted, and both hunted and fished. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters because those people who both fished and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice. Anglers Anglers are sportspersons who only fished plus those who fished and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hook and line anglers, but also those who have no license and those who use special methods such as fishing with spears. Three types of fishing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of fishing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of fishing. Sportspersons Anglers Hunters Fished only Fished and hunted Hunted only Introduction U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 3 Hunters Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and fished. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using rifles and shotguns, but also those who have no license and those who engage in hunting with archery equipment, muzzleloaders, other primitive firearms, or pistols or handguns. Four types of hunting are reported: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters partici-pated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters. Wildlife Watchers Since 1980, the National Survey has included information on wildlife-watching activities in addition to fishing and hunting. However, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, the National Surveys since 1991 have collected data only for those activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching (observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife). The 2011 Survey uses a strict definition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a “special interest” in wild-life around their homes or take a trip for the “primary purpose” of wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally observing wildlife while pleasure driving, is not included. Two types of wildlife-watching activity are reported: (1) away-from-home (formerly nonresidential) activities and (2) around-the-home (formerly residen-tial) activities. Because some people participated in more than one type of wildlife watching, the sum of partici-pants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. Only those engaged in activities whose primary purpose was wildlife watching are included in the Survey. The two types of wildlife-watching activity are defined below. Away-From-Home This group includes persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing fish and wildlife. Trips to fish or hunt or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquar-iums, and museums are not considered wildlife-watching activities. Around-The-Home This group includes those who participated within 1 mile of home and involves one or more of the following: (1) closely observing or trying to iden-tify birds or other wildlife; (2) photo-graphing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern; (5) maintaining plantings (shrubs, agricultural crops, etc.) where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern; or (6) visiting parks and natural areas within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife. 4 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Fishing Anglers. . Days of fishing . Average days per angler. . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per angler . Average trip expenditure per day. . Hunting Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of hunting. . Average days per hunter. . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per hunter. . Average trip expenditure per day. . Wildlife Watching Total wildlife-watching participants. Away-from-home participants. . Around-the-home participants. . Days of participation away from home. Average days of participation away from home . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per participant. . Average trip expenditure per day. . Fishing Anglers. . Days of fishing . Average days per angler. . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per angler . Average trip expenditure per day. . Hunting Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of hunting. . Average days per hunter. . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per hunter. . Average trip expenditure per day. . Wildlife Watching Total wildlife-watching participants. Away-from-home participants. . Around-the-home participants. . Days of participation away from home. Average days of participation away from home . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per participant. . Average trip expenditure per day. . Activities in Michigan by Residents and Nonresidents Activities by Michigan Residents Both Inside and Outside Michigan 2011 Michigan Summary 1,744,000 28,177,000 16 $2,427,110,000 $1,092,735,000 $1,334,375,000 $1,375 $39 1,465,000 26,710,000 18 $2,270,407,000 $874,601,000 $1,395,806,000 $1,550 $33 529,000 11,020,000 21 $2,338,684,000 $271,341,000 $2,067,343,000 $4,409 $25 507,000 11,217,000 22 $2,398,864,000 $330,517,000 $2,068,347,000 $4,729 $29 3,199,000 958,000 2,865,000 10,343,000 11 $1,220,816,000 $416,562,000 $804,254,000 $369 $40 3,067,000 855,000 2,865,000 10,418,000 12 $1,231,400,000 $390,960,000 $840,440,000 $401 $38 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 5 Wildlife-Related Recreation Participation in Michigan The 2011 Survey found that 4.4 million Michigan residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in Michigan. Of the total number of participants, 1.7 million fished, 529 thousand hunted, and 3.2 million participated in wildlife-watching activities, which includes observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers exceeds the total number of participants in wildlife-related recreation because many of the individuals engaged in more than one wildlife-related activity. Participation in 2011 by 6- to 15-Year-Old Michigan Residents The focus of the National Survey is on the activity of participants 16 years old and older. However, the activity of 6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated using the screening data covering the year 2010. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the proportion of 6- to 15-year-old participants to participants 16 years old and older remained the same in 2010 and 2011. Based on this assumption, in addi-tion to the 1.5 million resident anglers 16 years old or older in Michigan, there were 323 thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years old. Also, there were 507 thousand Michiganders 16 years old and older and 110 thousand Michiganders 6 to 15 years old who hunted. Finally, there were 3.1 million Michiganders 16 years old and older and 374 thousand Michiganders 6 to 15 years old who wildlife watched. Information on 2010 data for 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in Appendix B. Expenditures in Michigan In 2011, state residents and nonresidents spent $6.1 billion on wildlife recreation in Michigan. Of that total, trip-related expenditures were $1.8 billion and equipment expenditures totaled $3.2 billion. The remaining $1.1 billion was spent on licenses, contributions, land ownership and leasing, and other items. Participants in Wildlife-Related Recreation in Michigan: 2011 (U.S. residents 16 years old and older) Total. . . Sportspersons Total. . Anglers. . Hunters. . . Wildlife Watchers Total. . Away from home. . Around the home. . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Tables 1 and 24. Percent of Total Participants by Activity (Total: 4.4 million participants) Wildlife Watching Fishing Hunting 40% 12% 73% Wildlife-Related Recreation Expenditures in Michigan (Total: $6.1 billion) Trip-related 29% Equipment 52% Other 18% Percent of Total Residential Participants 6 to 15 Years Old by Activity: 2010 (Total: 600 thousand participants) Wildlife Watching Fishing Hunting 71% ... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. ... 69% 4.4 million 1.9 million 1.7 million 529 thousand 3.2 million 958 thousand 2.9 million 6 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Sportspersons In 2011, 1.9 million state resident and nonresident sportspersons 16 years old and older fished or hunted in Michigan. This group was comprised of 1.7 million anglers (90 percent of all sportspersons) and 529 thousand hunters (27 percent of all sportspersons). Among the 1.9 million sportspersons who fished or hunted in the state, 1.4 million (73 percent) fished but did not hunt in Michigan. Another 194 thousand (10 percent) hunted but did not fish there. The remaining 335 thousand (17 percent) fished and hunted in Michigan in 2011. Sportspersons’ Participation in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Sportspersons (fished or hunted). . . Anglers. . Fished only. . Fished and hunted . . Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted only. . Hunted and fished. . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 1. 1.9 million 1.7 million 1.4 million 335 thousand 529 thousand 194 thousand 335 thousand U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 7 Anglers Participants and Days of Fishing In 2011, 1.7 million state residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished in Michigan. Of this total, 1.4 million anglers (80 percent) were state residents and 347 thousand anglers (20 percent) were nonresidents. Anglers fished a total of 28.2 million days in Michigan—an average of 16 days per angler. State residents fished 26.0 million days—92 percent of all fishing days in Michigan. Nonresidents fished 2.2 million days in Michigan—8 percent of all fishing days in the state. A large majority of Michigan residents who fished anywhere in the United States did so in their resident state. There were 1.5 million Michigan residents 16 years old and older who fished in the United States in 2011 for a total of 26.7 million days. An estimated 95 percent of all Michigan residents who fished did so in their home state. Of all fishing days by Michigan residents, 97 percent or 26.0 million were in their home state. For further details about fishing in Michigan, see Table 3. Anglers in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Anglers. . Residents . Nonresidents. . . Days of fishing. . Residents . Nonresidents. . Source: Table 3. In State/Out of State (State residents 16 years old and older) Michigan anglers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Michigan . In other states. . . Days of fishing. . In Michigan . In other states. . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 3. 1.7 million 1.4 million 347 thousand 28.2 million 26.0 million 2.2 million 1.5 million 1.4 million 200 thousand 26.7 million 26.0 million 730 thousand 8 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Fishing Expenditures in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total. . Trip-related. . Equipment . Fishing. . Auxiliary and special. . Other. . Source: Table 19. Fishing Expenditures in Michigan All fishing-related expenditures in Michigan totaled $2.4 billion in 2011. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging, transportation, and other expenses totaled $1.1 billion—45 percent of all fishing expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $374 million and transportation expen-ditures were $344 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, bait, and cooking fuel, totaled $374 million. Each angler spent an average of $624 on trip-related costs during 2011. Anglers spent $1.1 billion on equip-ment in Michigan in 2011, 46 percent of all fishing expenditures. Fishing equipment (rods, reels, lines, etc.) spending totaled $259 million—23 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, special fishing clothing, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (boats, vans, etc.) amounted to $859 million—77 percent of the equipment total. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for fishing but could be used in activities other than fishing. The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, stamps, and land leasing and ownership, amounted to $216 million—9 percent of all fishing expen-ditures. For more details about fishing expenditures in Michigan, see Tables 19 and 21 through 23. Fishing Expenditures in Michigan (Total: $2.4 billion) Equipment 46% Trip-related 45% Other 9% Percent of Anglers by Residence (Total: 1.7 million participants) Residents Nonresidents 80% 20% $2.4 billion $1.1 billion $1.1 billion $259 million $859 million $216 million Comparative Fishing Expenditures by Type of Fishing All fishing Freshwater except Great Lakes Great Lakes $624 $448 $727 $39 $29 $43 Trip expenditures per angler: Trip expenditures per day: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 9 Hunters Participants and Days of Hunting In 2011, there were 529 thousand residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older who hunted in Michigan. Resident hunters numbered 501 thousand, accounting for 95 percent of the hunters in Michigan. Residents and nonresidents hunted 11.0 million days in 2011, an average of 21 days per hunter. Residents hunted 10.8 million days in Michigan or 98 percent of all hunting days. There were 507 thousand Michigan residents 16 years old and older who hunted in the United States in 2011 for a total of 11.2 million days. An estimated 99 percent of all Michigan residents who hunted did so in their home state. Of all hunting days by Michigan residents, 97 percent or 10.8 million were spent pursuing game in their home state. For further informa-tion on hunting activities by Michigan residents, see Table 3. Hunters in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residents . Nonresidents. . . Days of hunting. . Residents . Nonresidents. . … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Source: Table 3. 529 thousand 501 thousand ... 11.0 million 10.8 million ... In State/Out of State (State residents 16 years old and older) Michigan hunters . In Michigan . In other states. . . Days of hunting. . In Michigan . In other states. . … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Source: Table 3. 507 thousand 501 thousand ... 11.2 million 10.8 million ... 10 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Hunting Expenditures in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total. . Trip-related. . Equipment . Hunting. . Auxiliary and special. . Other. . Source: Table 20. Hunting Expenditures in Michigan All hunting-related expenditures in Michigan totaled $2.3 billion in 2011. Trip-related expenses, such as food and lodging, transporta-tion, and other trip expenses, totaled $271 million—12 percent of total expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $105 million and transportation expenditures were $144 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, totaled $22 million for the year. The average trip-related expenditure per hunter was $513. Hunters spent $1.3 billion on equip-ment— 56 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $408 million and made up 31 percent of all equipment costs. Hunters spent $909 million on auxiliary equipment (tents, special hunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, vans, etc.), accounting for 69 percent of total equipment expenditures for hunting. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for hunting but could be used in activities other than hunting. The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, and land leasing, and ownership, cost hunters $750 million—32 percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting expenditures in Michigan, see Tables 20 through 23. Hunting Expenditures in Michigan (Total: $2.3 billion) Equipment 56% Trip-related 12% Other 32% Comparative Hunting Expenditures by Type of Hunting All hunting Big game Small game Migratory birds Other animals $513 $471 $181 ... ... ... $25 $24 $17 Trip expenditures per hunter: ... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Trip expenditures per day: ... $2.3 billion $271 million $1.3 billion $408 million $909 million $750 million U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 11 Participants and Days of Activity In 2011, 3.2 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older fed, observed, or photographed wildlife in Michigan. Most of them, 90 percent (2.9 million), enjoyed their activities close to home and are called “around-the-home” participants. Those persons who enjoyed wildlife at least one mile from home are called “away-from-home” participants. People participating in away-from-home activities in Michigan in 2011 numbered 958 thousand—30 percent of all wildlife watchers in Michigan. Of the 958 thousand, 790 thousand were state residents and 168 thousand were nonresidents. Michiganders 16 years old and older who enjoyed away-from-home wildlife watching within their state totaled 790 thousand. Of this group, 790 thousand participants observed wildlife and 507 thousand photographed wildlife. Since some individuals engaged in more than one of the away-from-home activities during the year, the sum of wildlife observers, feeders, and photographers exceeds the total number away-from-home participants. Michiganders spent 9.5 million days engaged in away-from-home wildlife-watching activities in their state. They spent 8.6 million days observing and 4.9 million days photographing wild-life. For further details about away-from- home activities, see Table 25. Michigan residents also took an active interest in wildlife around their homes. In 2011, 2.9 million state residents enjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within one mile of their homes. Among this around-the-home group, 2.3 million fed, 1.7 million observed, and 1.7 million photographed wildlife around their homes. Another 248 thousand participants maintained natural areas of one-quarter acre or more for wildlife; 239 thousand participants maintained plantings for the benefit of wildlife; and 402 thousand participants visited parks or natural areas within a mile of home because of the wildlife. Summing the number of participants in these six activities results in an estimate that exceeds the total number of around-the-home participants because many people participated in more than one type of around-the-home activity. In addition, 23 percent of Michigander around-the-home wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife away from home. For further details about Michigan residents partic-ipating in around-the-home wildlife-watching activities, see Table 27. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total. . Observe wildlife. . Photograph wildlife. . Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, total . Observe wildlife. . Photograph wildlife. . Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 25. 958 thousand 950 thousand 608 thousand 252 thousand 10.3 million 9.0 million 5.3 million 2.4 million Wildlife Watchers Wildlife-Watching Participants in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total. . Around the home. . Away from home. . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 24. Around-The-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Michigan (State residents 16 years old and older) Total. . Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife. . Photograph wildlife. . Maintain natural areas. . Maintain plantings. . Visit parks and natural areas . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 27. 3.2 million 2.9 million 958 thousand 2.9 million 2.3 million 1.7 million 1.7 million 248 thousand 239 thousand 402 thousand 12 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Wild Bird Observers in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total. . Around the home. . Away from home. . . Days, total . Around the home. . Away from home. . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 29. Wild Bird Observers Bird watching attracted many wildlife enthusiasts in Michigan. In 2011, 2.0 million people observed birds around the home and on trips in the state. A majority, 78 percent (1.6 million), observed wild birds around the home while 41 percent (818 thousand) took trips away from home to watch birds. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Michigan Wildlife watchers spent $1.2 billion on wildlife-watching activities in Mich-igan in 2011. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging ($233 million), transportation ($152 million), and other trip expenses ($32 million), such as equipment rental, amounted to $417 million. This summation comprised 34 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures by participants. The average of the trip-related expendi-tures for away-from-home participants was $425 per person in 2011. Wildlife-watching participants spent nearly $663 million on equipment—54 percent of all their expenditures. Specifically, wildlife-watching equip-ment (binoculars, special clothing, etc.) expenditures totaled $429 million, 65 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, backpacking equipment, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to $234 million—35 percent of all equip-ment costs. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for wildlife-watching recreation but could be used in activities other than wildlife watching. Other items purchased by wildlife-watching participants, such as maga-zines, membership dues and contribu-tions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings, totaled $142 million—12 percent of all wildlife-watching expen-ditures. For more details about wildlife-watching expenditures in Michigan, see Table 31. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Michigan (Total: $1.2 billion) Equipment 54% Trip-related 34% Other 12% Away-From-Home Activity by Around-The-Home Participants (Total: 2.9 million participants) Both around the home and away from home Around the home only 77% 23% 2.0 million 1.6 million 818 thousand 212.2 million 204.3 million 7.9 million Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total. . Trip-related. . Equipment . Wildlife watching. . Auxiliary and special. . Other. . Source: Table 31. $1.2 billion $417 million $663 million $429 million $234 million $142 million U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 13 Comparing the estimates from the 2001, 2006, and 2011 Surveys gives a perspective on the state of wildlife-related recreation in the early twenty-first century in Michigan. Only the most general recreation comparisons are presented here. The best way to compare estimates from surveys is not to compare the estimates themselves but to compare the confidence intervals around the esti-mates. A 90-percent confidence interval around the estimate gives the range of estimates that 90 percent of all possible representative samples would supply. If the 90-percent confidence intervals of the two surveys’ estimates overlap, it is not possible to say the two estimates are statistically different. The state resident estimates cover the participation and expenditure activity of Michigan residents anywhere in the United States. The in-state esti-mates cover the participation, day, and expenditure activity if U.S. residents in Michigan. The expenditure estimates were made comparable by adjusting the estimates for inflation—all estimates are in 2011 dollars. 2001–2011 Comparison Michigan 2001 and 2011 Comparison (Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars) 2001 2011 Percent change . Fishing. Anglers in state. . Days in state. . In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. . State resident anglers . Total expenditures by state residents . Hunting Hunters in state. . Days in state. . In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. . State resident hunters . Total expenditures by state residents . Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching Participants in state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in state. . State resident participants. . Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching Total participants. . Observers . Feeders . Wildlife-Watching Expenditures In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. . Total expenditures by state residents . NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance 1,354 1,744 29 19,320 28,177 46 $1,065,073 $2,427,110 128 1,039 1,465 41 $1,219,915 $2,270,407 NS86 754 529 –30 8,994 11,020 NS23 $622,683 $2,338,684 276 725 507 –30 $707,307 $2,398,864 239 884 958 NS8 13,999 10,343 NS–26 747 855 NS14 2,361 2,865 21 1,566 1,693 NS8 2,078 2,259 NS9 $879,887 $1,220,816 NS39 $917,068 $1,231,400 NS34 14 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Number of People Who Hunted and Fished in Michigan: 2001–2011 (In thousands) 1,354 1,394 754 753 1,744 529 Number of People Who Wildlife Watched in Michigan: 2001–2011 (In thousands) Around the home Away from home 2001 2006 2011 2001 2006 2011 2,361 884 2,826 1,034 2,865 958 Total Expenditures by Participants in Michigan (In millions of 2011 dollars) Anglers Hunters Wildlife Watchers 2001 2006 2011 1,065 623 880 1,865 1,022 1,810 2,427 2,339 1,221 Anglers Hunters Michigan 2006 and 2011 Comparison (Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars) 2006 2011 Percent change . Fishing. Anglers in state. . Days in state. . In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. . State resident anglers . Total expenditures by state residents . Hunting Hunters in state. . Days in state. . In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. . State resident hunters . Total expenditures by state residents . Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching Participants in state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in state. . State resident participants. . Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching Total participants. . Observers . Feeders . Wildlife-Watching Expenditures In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. . Total expenditures by state residents . NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance 1,394 1,744 25 24,822 28,177 NS14 $1,864,577 $2,427,110 NS30 1,098 1,465 33 $1,855,384 $2,270,407 NS22 753 529 –30 11,905 11,020 NS–7 $1,021,915 $2,338,684 129 721 507 –30 $944,448 $2,398,864 154 1,034 958 NS–7 10,043 10,343 NS3 827 855 NS3 2,826 2,865 NS1 1,664 1,693 NS2 2,384 2,259 NS–5 $1,810,358 $1,220,816 NS–33 $1,997,572 $1,231,400 NS–38 Tables 16 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Guide to Statistical Tables Purpose and Coverage of Tables The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are defined in Appendix A. The tables are based on responses to the 2011 Survey, which was designed to collect data about participation in wildlife- related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (including U.S. citizens) was eligible for inter-viewing. Therefore, reported state and national totals do not include partici-pation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were U.S. citizens residing outside the United States. Comparability With Previous Surveys The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2011 was similar to that used in those Surveys. These results should not be directly compared to results from Surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the information provided. Coverage of an Individual Table Since the Survey covers many activi-ties in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 2 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are reported by type of activity. By contrast, the title of Table 7 indi-cates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they fished for different species. Percentages Reported in the Tables Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, Table 2 reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters, those taken by small game hunters, those taken by migratory bird hunters, and those taken by hunters pursuing other animals. These comprise 100 percent because they are exclusive categories. Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 2 as an example again, note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game hunters, total small game hunters, total migratory bird hunters, and total hunters of other animals will not yield total hunters because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game. When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identified in a footnote. For example, Table 15 reports two percentages with different bases: one base being the number of total participants at the head of the column and the other base being the total popu-lation who are described by the row category. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages. Footnotes to the Tables Footnotes are used to clarify the infor-mation or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. The following symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear: * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Z Less than 0.5 percent. X Not applicable. NA Not available. Estimates based upon fewer than ten responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently: • Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. • Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. “Multiple responses” is a term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 5 as an example, those who fished in saltwater and fresh-water appear in both of these totals. Yet each angler is represented only once in the “Total, all fishing” row. Simi-larly, in Table 12, those who hunt for big game and small game are counted only once as a hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row. Therefore, totals will be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist. “Nonresponse” exists because the Survey questions were answered volun-tarily, and some respondents did not or could not answer all the questions. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 17 Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Michigan by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent of sportspersons Number Percent of resident sportspersons Number Percent of nonresident sportspersons Total sportspersons (fished or hunted). . 1,938 100 1,568 100 370 100 Total anglers . 1,744 90 1,397 89 347 94 Fished only. . 1,409 73 1,066 68 343 93 Fished and hunted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 17 331 21 ... ... Total hunters. . 529 27 501 32 ... ... Hunted only. . *194 *10 *170 *11 ... ... Hunted and fished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 17 331 21 ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Michigan by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Type of fishing and hunting Participants Days of participation Trips Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent FISHING Total, all fishing. . 1,744 100 28,177 100 25,100 100 Total, all freshwater. . 1,721 99 31,948 113 25,100 100 Freshwater, except Great Lakes . 1,361 78 20,961 74 15,202 61 Great Lakes. . 650 37 10,987 39 9,898 39 Saltwater. . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) HUNTING Total, all hunting. . 529 100 11,020 100 8,501 100 Big game. . 488 92 9,584 87 7,045 83 Small game. . *114 *22 *1,208 *11 *641 *8 Migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 18 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers and hunters, trips and days of participation Activity in Michigan Activity by Michigan residents in United States Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Total, in state of residence and in other states In state of residence In other states Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent FISHING Total anglers. . 1,744 100 1,397 80 347 20 1,465 100 1,397 95 *200 *14 Total trips . 25,100 100 23,370 93 1,730 7 23,975 100 23,370 97 *605 *3 Total days of fishing. . 28,177 100 26,014 92 2,164 8 26,710 100 26,014 97 *730 *3 Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 (X) 19 (X) 6 (X) 18 (X) 19 (X) *4 (X) HUNTING Total hunters. . 529 100 501 95 ... ... 507 100 501 99 ... ... Total trips . 8,501 100 8,451 99 ... ... 8,971 100 8,451 94 ... ... Total days of hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,020 100 10,840 98 ... ... 11,217 100 10,840 97 ... ... Average days of hunting. . 21 (X) 22 (X) ... (X) 22 (X) 22 (X) ... (X) * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 4. Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Place fished or hunted Anglers Hunters Number Percent Number Percent Total, all places . 1,465 100 507 100 In-state only . 1,265 86 478 94 In-state and other states. . *132 *9 ... ... In other states only. . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Table 5. Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Type of fishing and hunting Participants Days of participation Trips Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent FISHING Total, all fishing. . 1,465 100 26,710 100 23,975 100 Total, all freshwater. . 1,404 96 26,344 99 23,614 98 Freshwater, except Great Lakes . 1,100 75 19,355 72 14,179 59 Great Lakes. . 566 39 10,438 39 9,435 39 Saltwater. . *144 *10 *381 *1 *361 *2 HUNTING Total, all hunting. . 507 100 11,217 100 8,971 100 Big game. . 485 96 9,823 88 7,557 84 Small game. . *96 *19 *1,166 *10 *600 *7 Migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 19 Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers, trips, and days of fishing Activity in Michigan Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total anglers . 1,361 100 1,054 77 307 23 Total trips. . 15,202 100 13,966 92 1,236 8 Total days of fishing . 20,961 100 19,006 91 1,955 9 Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (X) 18 (X) 6 (X) ANGLERS Total, all types of water. . 1,361 100 1,054 77 307 23 Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs . 1,215 100 951 78 *263 *22 Rivers or streams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 100 *501 *85 *85 *15 DAYS Total, all types of water. . 20,961 100 19,006 91 1,955 9 Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs . 16,926 100 15,461 91 *1,465 *9 Rivers or streams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,159 100 *7,636 *94 *523 *6 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers and days of fishing Activity in Michigan Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent of total types Percent of anglers/days Number Percent of anglers/days Number Percent of anglers/days ANGLERS Total, all types of fish . 1,361 100 100 1,054 77 307 23 Crappie. . *268 *20 *100 *227 *85 ... ... Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 60 100 643 79 *168 *21 White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . *266 *20 *100 *264 *99 ... ... Black bass. . 589 43 100 487 83 *102 *17 Catfish, bullheads. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Walleye, sauger. . *287 *21 *100 *268 *93 ... ... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. . *384 *28 *100 *330 *86 ... ... Steelhead. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Trout. . *132 *10 *100 *100 *76 ... ... Salmon . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other freshwater fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... DAYS Total, all types of fish . 20,961 100 100 19,006 91 1,955 9 Crappie. . *3,841 *18 *100 *3,713 *97 ... ... Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,469 40 100 7,320 86 *1,149 *14 White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . *4,188 *20 *100 *4,178 *100 ... ... Black bass. . 8,739 42 100 8,062 92 *677 *8 Catfish, bullheads. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Walleye, sauger. . *5,116 *24 *100 *4,988 *98 ... ... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. . *4,387 *21 *100 *3,595 *82 ... ... Steelhead. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Trout. . *1,075 *5 *100 *1,002 *93 ... ... Salmon . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other freshwater fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 20 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Michigan: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers, trips, and days of fishing Activity in Indiana Total, state residents and nonresi-dents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total anglers . 650 100 558 86 *92 *14 Total trips. . 9,898 100 9,404 95 *494 *5 Total days. . 10,987 100 10,373 94 *614 *6 Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 (X) 19 (X) *7 (X) * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable. Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers and days of fishing Activity in Indiana Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent of total types Percent of anglers/days Number Percent of anglers/days Number Percent of anglers/days ANGLERS Total, all types of fish . 650 100 100 558 86 *92 *14 Perch. . *224 *34 *100 *203 *91 ... ... Black bass. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Walleye, sauger. . *251 *39 *100 *220 *88 ... ... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Salmon . *172 *26 *100 *135 *78 ... ... Steelhead. . *116 *18 *100 ... ... ... ... Lake trout. . *89 *14 *100 ... ... ... ... Other trout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other Great Lakes fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... DAYS Total, all types of fish . 10,987 100 100 10,373 94 *614 *6 Perch. . *3,607 *33 *100 *3,569 *99 ... ... Black bass. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Walleye, sauger. . *3,192 *29 *100 *3,117 *98 ... ... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Salmon . *2,531 *23 *100 *2,161 *85 ... ... Steelhead. . *2,624 *24 *100 ... ... ... ... Lake trout. . *1,271 *12 *100 ... ... ... ... Other trout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other Great Lakes fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 21 Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Michigan: 2011 This table does not apply to this state. Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011 This table does not apply to this state. 22 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunters, trips, and days of hunting Activity in Michigan Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent HUNTERS Total, all hunting. . 529 100 501 95 ... ... Big game. . 488 100 479 98 ... ... Small game. . *114 *100 *96 *84 ... ... Migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ... TRIPS Total, all hunting. . 8,501 100 8,451 99 ... ... Big game. . 7,045 100 7,036 100 ... ... Small game. . *641 *100 *600 *94 ... ... Migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ... DAYS Total, all hunting. . 11,020 100 10,840 98 ... ... Big game. . 9,584 100 9,445 99 ... ... Small game. . *1,208 *100 *1,166 *97 ... ... Migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Game: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Type of game Hunters, state residents and nonresidents Days of hunting Number Percent Number Percent Total, all types of game. . 529 100 11,020 100 Big game, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 92 9,584 87 Deer. . 488 92 9,259 84 Elk. . ... ... ... ... Bear. . ... ... ... ... Wild turkey. . ... ... ... ... Other big game. . ... ... ... ... Small game, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . *114 *22 *1,208 *11 Rabbit, hare. . ... ... ... ... Quail. . ... ... ... ... Grouse/prairie chicken. . ... ... ... ... Squirrel. . ... ... ... ... Pheasant . ... ... ... ... Other small game . ... ... ... ... Migratory birds, total. . ... ... ... ... Waterfowl. . ... ... ... ... Geese. . ... ... ... ... Ducks . ... ... ... ... Doves . ... ... ... ... Other migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... Other animals, total1. . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 23 Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Land: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunters and days of hunting Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent HUNTERS Total, all types of land. . 529 100 501 100 ... ... Public land, total. . *267 *51 *261 *52 ... ... Public land only . *121 *23 ... ... ... ... Public and private land. . *146 *28 *146 *29 ... ... Private land, total. . 408 77 387 77 ... ... Private land only. . 262 49 241 48 ... ... Private and public land. . *146 *28 *146 *29 ... ... DAYS Total, all types of land. . 11,020 100 10,840 100 ... ... Public land1. . *3,035 *28 *2,902 *27 ... ... Private land2 . 8,564 78 8,518 79 ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land. 2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 24 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Characteristic Population Sportspersons (fished or hunted) Anglers Hunters Number Percent Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent of sports-persons Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent of anglers Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent of hunters Total persons. . 7,787 100 1,636 21 100 1,465 19 100 507 7 100 Population Density of Residence Urban. . 5,647 73 804 14 49 706 13 48 *223 *4 *44 Rural. . 2,140 27 831 39 51 759 35 52 284 13 56 Population Size of Residence Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). . 7,237 93 1,378 19 84 1,254 17 86 338 5 67 1,000,000 or more. . 2,897 37 *415 *14 *25 *352 *12 *24 ... ... ... 250,000 to 999,999. . 2,310 30 432 19 26 *393 *17 *27 *101 *4 *20 50,000 to 249,999. . 2,030 26 531 26 32 509 25 35 *122 *6 *24 Outside MSA. . 551 7 *258 *47 *16 *211 *38 *14 *169 *31 *33 Sex Male . 3,427 44 1,181 34 72 1,025 30 70 419 12 83 Female. . 4,361 56 455 10 28 440 10 30 ... ... ... Age 16 to 17 years. . *261 *3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 to 24 years. . 884 11 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 to 34 years. . 1,119 14 *313 *28 *19 *283 *25 *19 ... ... ... 35 to 44 years. . 1,214 16 *221 *18 *14 *198 *16 *13 ... ... ... 45 to 54 years. . 1,568 20 550 35 34 515 33 35 *197 *13 *39 55 to 64 years. . 1,539 20 *414 *27 *25 *353 *23 *24 *131 *9 *26 65 years and older. . 1,203 15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 65 to 74 years. . 647 8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 75 and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Ethnicity Hispanic . *435 *6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Non-Hispanic . 7,352 94 1,583 22 97 1,412 19 96 501 7 99 Race White. . 6,640 85 1,538 23 94 1,368 21 93 507 8 100 African American. . 759 10 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... All others. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Annual Household Income Less than $20,000. . 541 7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $20,000 to $29,999. . 1,083 14 *118 *11 *7 ... ... ... ... ... ... $30,000 to $39,999. . 604 8 *191 *32 *12 *175 *29 *12 ... ... ... $40,000 to $49,999. . 615 8 *298 *48 *18 ... ... ... ... ... ... $50,000 to $74,999. . 880 11 *265 *30 *16 *236 *27 *16 ... ... ... $75,000 to $99,999. . 1,308 17 *237 *18 *14 *230 *18 *16 ... ... ... $100,000 to $149,999. . 640 8 *220 *34 *13 *197 *31 *13 *68 *11 *13 $150,000 or more. . 501 6 *100 *20 *6 ... ... ... ... ... ... Not reported . 1,615 21 *113 *7 *7 ... ... ... ... ... ... Education 11 years or less. . 588 8 *110 *19 *7 ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 years. . 2,978 38 569 19 35 471 16 32 *185 *6 *36 1 to 3 years of college. . 2,289 29 480 21 29 459 20 31 *130 *6 *26 4 years or more of college. . 1,933 25 476 25 29 *457 *24 *31 *128 *7 *25 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 25 Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per sportsperson (dollars)1 FISHING AND HUNTING Total. . 4,869,636 2,014 2,418 2,498 Food and lodging . 479,384 1,563 307 247 Transportation. . 488,271 1,688 289 249 Other trip costs2. . 396,422 1,498 265 205 Equipment (fishing, hunting). . 690,173 1,117 618 354 Auxiliary equipment3 . 199,719 598 334 94 Special equipment4. . *1,641,297 *171 *9,572 *847 Magazines, books, and DVDs. . *14,681 *255 *58 *8 Membership dues and contributions. . *75,610 *183 *414 *39 Other5 . 884,078 1,523 581 455 FISHING Total. . 2,427,110 1,799 1,349 1,375 Food and lodging . 373,964 1,407 266 214 Transportation. . 344,495 1,496 230 195 Other trip costs2. . 374,276 1,464 256 215 Fishing equipment. . 259,043 865 299 145 Auxiliary equipment3 . *84,705 *226 *375 *39 Special equipment4. . *774,162 *84 *9,168 *444 Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ... Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ... Other5 . 185,651 1,261 147 105 HUNTING Total. . 2,338,684 539 4,337 4,409 Food and lodging . 105,419 413 256 199 Transportation. . 143,776 436 330 272 Other trip costs2. . *22,146 *236 *94 *42 Hunting equipment. . 407,636 421 968 768 Auxiliary equipment3 . *76,709 *277 *277 *143 Special equipment4. . ... ... ... ... Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ... Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ... Other5 . 698,427 501 1,394 1,313 UNSPECIFIED6 Total. . *78,359 *314 *250 *40 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). 3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only). 6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 26 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per angler (dollars)1 ALL FISHING Total. . 2,210,646 1,717 1,288 1,252 Food and lodging . 373,964 1,407 266 214 Transportation. . 344,495 1,496 230 195 Other trip costs. . 374,276 1,464 256 215 Equipment. . 1,117,911 923 1,212 628 ALL FRESHWATER Total. . 1,896,784 1,650 1,149 1,081 Food and lodging . 373,964 1,407 266 214 Transportation. . 333,616 1,444 231 191 Other trip costs. . 374,276 1,464 256 215 Equipment. . 814,928 868 939 461 FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES Total. . 801,290 1,309 612 453 Food and lodging . 208,136 1,052 198 119 Transportation. . 211,949 1,143 185 122 Other trip costs. . 189,161 1,095 173 108 Equipment. . 192,044 669 287 104 GREAT LAKES Total. . 1,095,493 625 1,752 628 Food and lodging . 165,828 599 277 95 Transportation. . 121,667 562 216 70 Other trip costs. . 185,114 583 318 106 Equipment. . *622,884 *332 *1,877 *357 SALTWATER Total. . ... ... ... ... Food and lodging . ... ... ... ... Transportation. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ... Equipment. . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 27 Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per type of hunter (dollars)1 ALL HUNTING Total. . 1,588,345 522 3,042 2,998 Food and lodging . 105,419 413 256 199 Transportation. . 143,776 436 330 272 Other trip costs. . *22,146 *236 *94 *42 Equipment. . 1,317,004 450 2,927 2,485 BIG GAME Total. . 1,394,830 468 2,981 2,635 Food and lodging . 93,490 378 247 177 Transportation. . 122,699 350 351 232 Other trip costs. . *13,831 *201 *69 *26 Equipment. . 1,164,810 383 3,043 2,200 SMALL GAME Total. . *27,609 *106 *262 *119 Food and lodging . *6,141 *71 *86 *28 Transportation. . *9,256 *83 *112 *42 Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ... Equipment. . ... ... ... ... MIGRATORY BIRDS Total. . ... ... ... ... Food and lodging . ... ... ... ... Transportation. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ... Equipment. . ... ... ... ... OTHER ANIMALS Total. . ... ... ... ... Food and lodging . ... ... ... ... Transportation. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ... Equipment. . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items. 28 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 19. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures Spenders Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per angler (dollars)1 Number (thousands) Percent of anglers Average per spender (dollars)1 Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,427,110 1,375 1,799 103 1,349 TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related. . 1,092,735 624 1,655 95 660 Food and lodging, total. . 373,964 214 1,407 81 266 Food . 228,408 131 1,385 79 165 Lodging. . *145,556 *83 *350 *20 *416 Transportation. . 344,495 195 1,496 86 230 Other trip costs, total. . 374,276 215 1,464 84 256 Privilege and other fees2. . *47,349 *27 *357 *20 *133 Boating costs3. . 253,167 145 725 42 349 Bait. . 50,438 29 998 57 51 Ice. . 12,711 7 619 35 21 Heating and cooking fuel. . *10,610 *6 *236 *14 *45 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR FISHING Fishing equipment, total. . 259,043 145 865 50 299 Reels, rods, and rod-making components. . *44,548 *23 *306 *18 *146 Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.. . 46,511 27 686 39 68 Artificial lures and flies. . 87,072 50 641 37 136 Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks. . *2,559 *1 *85 *5 *30 Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers . ... ... ... ... ... Other fishing equipment4 . *76,803 *43 *341 *20 *225 Auxiliary equipment5 . *84,705 *39 *226 *13 *375 Special equipment6. . *774,162 *444 *84 *5 *9,168 Other fishing costs7. . 216,464 123 1,294 74 167 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use. 3 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 4 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment. 5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are included. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 29 Table 20. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures Spenders Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per hunter (dollars)1 Number (thousands) Percent of hunters Average per spender (dollars)1 Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,338,684 4,409 539 102 4,337 TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related. . 271,341 513 466 88 583 Food and lodging, total. . 105,419 199 413 78 256 Food . 101,587 192 413 78 246 Lodging. . ... ... ... ... ... Transportation. . 143,776 272 436 82 330 Other trip costs, total. . *22,146 *42 *236 *45 *94 Privilege and other fees2. . ... ... ... ... ... Boating costs3. . ... ... ... ... ... Heating and cooking fuel. . *10,578 *20 *201 *38 *53 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING Hunting equipment, total. . 407,636 768 421 80 968 Firearms . *142,925 *268 *194 *37 *735 Ammunition . 77,458 146 343 65 226 Other hunting equipment4. . 187,253 354 356 67 526 Auxiliary equipment5 . *76,709 *143 *277 *52 *277 Special equipment6. . ... ... ... ... ... Other hunting costs7 . 750,339 1,411 509 96 1,474 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes guide fees, pack trip and package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment. 3 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 4 Includes telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting knives, bows, arrows, archery equipment, and other hunting equipment. 5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not hunt in this state are included. 30 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan for Fishing and Hunting by Michigan Residents and Nonresidents: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per sportsperson (dollars)1 STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,895,266 1,929 2,019 7,364 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . 2,212,635 1,724 1,284 1,252 Food and lodging . 373,964 1,407 266 214 Transportation. . 344,495 1,496 230 195 Boating costs2. . 253,167 725 349 145 Other trip costs3. . 121,109 1,318 92 69 Equipment. . 1,119,899 929 1,205 628 Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . 1,611,839 626 2,575 2,998 Food and lodging . 105,419 413 256 199 Transportation. . 143,776 436 330 272 Boating costs2. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs3. . *19,187 *229 *84 *36 Equipment. . 1,340,498 554 2,421 2,485 Unspecified equipment4 . *70,792 *234 *303 *134 STATE RESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,525,639 1,503 2,346 7,031 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . 1,896,051 1,326 1,430 1,347 Food and lodging . 228,625 1,153 198 164 Transportation. . 258,606 1,173 220 181 Boating costs2. . 234,969 622 378 168 Other trip costs3. . 94,223 1,019 93 67 Equipment. . 1,079,628 758 1,425 766 Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . 1,559,665 589 2,646 3,064 Food and lodging . 93,116 393 237 186 Transportation. . 141,905 420 338 283 Boating costs2. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs3. . *16,420 *213 *77 *33 Equipment. . 1,305,266 521 2,503 2,556 Unspecified equipment4 . *69,923 *223 *313 *139 NONRESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . . . . . . . . . . . 369,627 426 867 13,434 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . 316,584 398 796 870 Food and lodging . 145,339 254 572 419 Transportation. . 85,889 323 266 247 Boating costs2. . *18,198 *103 *176 *52 Other trip costs3. . 26,886 299 90 77 Equipment. . *40,271 *172 *235 *74 Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . *52,174 *37 *1,428 ... Food and lodging . ... ... ... ... Transportation. . ... ... ... ... Boating costs2. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs3. . ... ... ... ... Equipment. . ... ... ... ... Unspecified equipment4 . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 3 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil. 4 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 31 Table 22. Summary of Michigan Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Michigan: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per sportsperson (dollars)1 FISHING AND HUNTING Total. . 4,772,918 1,565 3,049 2,918 Food and lodging . 363,544 1,346 270 222 Transportation. . 457,363 1,344 340 280 Other trip costs2. . 384,213 1,192 322 235 Equipment (fishing, hunting). . 727,944 1,004 725 445 Auxiliary equipment3 . 205,253 604 340 125 Special equipment4. . *1,645,024 *190 *8,671 *1,006 Magazines, books, and DVDs. . *14,631 *243 *60 *9 Membership dues and contributions. . *81,406 *238 *342 *50 Other5 . 893,540 1,312 681 546 FISHING Total. . 2,270,407 1,379 1,646 1,550 Food and lodging . 248,818 1,207 206 170 Transportation. . 280,555 1,167 240 191 Other trip costs2. . 345,228 1,181 292 236 Fishing equipment. . 322,074 770 418 220 Auxiliary equipment3 . *85,822 *233 *369 *59 Special equipment4. . *777,890 *103 *7,576 *531 Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ... Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ... Other5 . 179,325 1,070 168 122 HUNTING Total. . 2,398,864 507 4,729 4,729 Food and lodging . 114,725 413 278 226 Transportation. . 176,807 426 416 349 Other trip costs2. . *38,985 *221 *176 *77 Hunting equipment. . 382,376 409 936 754 Auxiliary equipment3 . *81,320 *286 *285 *160 Special equipment4. . ... ... ... ... Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ... Membership dues and contributions. . *54,097 *110 *490 *107 Other5 . 714,215 493 1,447 1,408 UNSPECIFIED6 Total. . *78,165 *311 *251 *48 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). 3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings (for hunting only). 6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items. 32 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Michigan Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per sportsperson (dollars)1 IN MICHIGAN Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . 4,484,176 1,572 2,853 2,314 Trip-related expenditures . 1,070,822 1,473 727 553 Equipment (fishing and hunting) . 641,535 968 662 331 Auxiliary equipment2 . 173,726 514 338 90 Special equipment3. . *1,639,556 *162 *10,098 *846 Other4 . 958,537 1,331 720 495 Expenditures for fishing, total. . 2,100,782 1,385 1,516 1,204 Trip-related expenditures . 816,423 1,319 619 468 Fishing equipment. . 242,697 735 330 139 Auxiliary equipment2 . *62,521 *161 *388 *36 Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ... Other4 . 206,720 1,074 193 119 Expenditures for hunting, total. . 2,280,422 501 4,548 4,311 Trip-related expenditures . 254,399 438 581 481 Hunting equipment. . 375,343 394 953 710 Auxiliary equipment2 . *73,771 *268 *276 *139 Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ... Other4 . 744,251 501 1,484 1,407 Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5 . *77,489 *304 *255 *40 OUT OF STATE Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . *434,841 *1,222 *356 *224 Trip-related expenditures . *280,396 *176 *1,592 *145 Equipment (fishing and hunting) . ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment2 . ... ... ... ... Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ... Other4 . *31,041 *482 *64 *16 Expenditures for fishing, total. . *199,702 *887 *225 *114 Trip-related expenditures . *88,257 *166 *531 *51 Fishing equipment. . ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment2 . ... ... ... ... Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ... Other4 . ... ... ... ... Expenditures for hunting, total. . *235,139 *435 *541 *445 Trip-related expenditures . ... ... ... ... Hunting equipment. . ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment2 . ... ... ... ... Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ... Other4 . ... ... ... ... Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5 . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Auxiliary equipment includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 3 Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 4 Other equipment includes expenditures for magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings. 5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 33 Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Number Percent Total participants . 3,199 100 Away from home. . 958 30 Observe wildlife. . 950 30 Photograph wildlife. . *608 *19 Feed wildlife. . *252 *8 Around the home. . 2,865 90 Observe wildlife. . 1,693 53 Photograph wildlife. . 1,686 53 Feed wildlife. . 2,259 71 Visit parks or natural areas1. . *402 *13 Maintain plantings or natural areas. . *337 *11 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Michigan: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants, trips, and days of participation Activity in Michigan Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent PARTICIPANTS Total participants . 958 100 *790 *100 *168 *100 Observe wildlife. . 950 99 *790 *100 *160 *95 Photograph wildlife. . *608 *64 *507 *64 *101 *60 Feed wildlife. . *252 *26 ... ... ... ... TRIPS Total Trips. . 9,611 100 *9,226 *100 *385 *100 Average days per trip . 1 (X) *1 (X) *2 (X) DAYS Total days. . 10,343 100 *9,498 *100 *845 *100 Observing wildlife . 9,037 87 *8,554 *90 *484 *57 Photographing wildlife. . *5,281 *51 *4,912 *52 ... ... Feeding wildlife . *2,415 *23 ... ... ... ... Average days per participant. . 11 (X) *12 (X) *5 (X) Observing wildlife . 10 (X) *11 (X) *3 (X) Photographing wildlife. . *9 (X) *10 (X) ... (X) Feeding wildlife . *10 (X) ... (X) ... (X) * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 34 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Michigan: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total all wildlife. . 958 100 *790 *82 *168 *18 Total birds. . 826 100 *674 *82 *152 *18 Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.). . 604 100 *469 *78 *135 *22 Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.) . 652 100 *536 *82 *116 *18 Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swans, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 100 *373 *77 *113 *23 Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.). . *407 *100 *332 *81 *75 *19 Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.). . *346 *100 *305 *88 ... ... Total land mammals. . *621 *100 *522 *84 *99 *16 Large land mammals (bears, bison, elk, etc.). . *577 *100 *492 *85 ... ... Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.). . *395 *100 *334 *85 ... ... Fish (salmon, sharks, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *232 *100 ... ... ... ... Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.) . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.) . *397 *100 *325 *82 ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Michigan: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Around the home Participants Number Percent Total around-the-home participants. . 2,865 100 Observe wildlife. . 1,693 59 Visit parks and natural areas1 . *402 *14 Photograph wildlife. . 1,686 59 Feed wildlife. . 2,259 79 Maintain natural areas. . *248 *9 Maintain plantings . *239 *8 Participants Observing Wildlife Total, all wildlife. . 1,693 100 Birds. . 1,568 93 Land mammals. . 1,426 84 Large mammals. . 920 54 Small mammals. . 1,202 71 Amphibians or reptiles . *466 *28 Insects or spiders. . *523 *31 Fish and other wildlife . *271 *16 Total, 1 day or more . 1,693 100 1 to 10 days. . ... ... 11 to 50 days. . *554 *33 51 to 200 days. . *405 *24 201 days or more. . *505 *30 Participants Visiting Parks or Natural Areas1 Total, 1 day or more . *402 *100 1 to 5 days. . ... ... 6 to 10 days. . ... ... 11 days or more. . ... ... Participants Photographing Wildlife Total, 1 day or more . 1,686 100 1 to 3 days. . *610 *36 4 to 10 days. . *631 *37 11 or more days. . *381 *23 Participants Feeding Wildlife Total, all wildlife. . 2,259 100 Wild birds. . 2,223 98 Other wildlife. . *631 *28 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 35 Table 28. Michigan Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Number Percent of participants Percent of population Total participants . 3,067 100 39 Away from home. . 855 28 11 Around the home. . 2,865 93 37 Observe wildlife. . 1,693 55 22 Photograph wildlife. . 1,686 55 22 Feed wild birds or other wildlife. . 2,259 74 29 Maintain plantings or natural areas. . *337 *11 *4 Visit parks or natural areas1. . *402 *13 *5 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching. Table 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Observers and days of observation Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent OBSERVERS Total bird observers. . 2,015 100 1,871 100 *144 *100 Around-the-home observers. . 1,568 78 1,568 84 (X) (X) Away-from-home observers. . 818 41 *674 *36 *144 *100 DAYS Total days observing birds. . . . . . . . . . . . . 212,193 100 211,708 100 *486 *100 Around the home. . 204,296 96 204,296 96 (X) (X) Away from home. . 7,897 4 *7,411 *4 *486 *100 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 36 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 30. Selected Characteristics of Michigan Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Characteristic Population Participants Total Away from home Around the home Number Percent Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent Total persons. . 7,787 100 3,067 39 100 855 11 100 2,865 37 100 Population Density of Residence Urban. . 5,647 73 1,854 33 60 *640 *11 *75 1,697 30 59 Rural. . 2,140 27 1,213 57 40 *215 *10 *25 1,168 55 41 Population Size of Residence Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). . 7,237 93 2,613 36 85 776 11 91 2,412 33 84 1,000,000 or more. . 2,897 37 972 34 32 *316 *11 *37 816 28 28 250,000 to 999,999. . 2,310 30 1,024 44 33 ... ... ... 1,015 44 35 50,000 to 249,999. . 2,030 26 617 30 20 *270 *13 *32 *580 *29 *20 Outside MSA. . 551 7 *454 *82 *15 ... ... ... *454 *82 *16 Sex Male . 3,427 44 1,316 38 43 *516 *15 *60 1,170 34 41 Female. . 4,361 56 1,751 40 57 *339 *8 *40 1,696 39 59 Age 16 to 17 years. . *261 *3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 to 24 years. . 884 11 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 to 34 years. . 1,119 14 *378 *34 *12 ... ... ... *315 *28 *11 35 to 44 years. . 1,214 16 *393 *32 *13 ... ... ... *366 *30 *13 45 to 54 years. . 1,568 20 *470 *30 *15 ... ... ... *414 *26 *14 55 to 64 years. . 1,539 20 942 61 31 ... ... ... 942 61 33 65 years and older. . 1,203 15 *809 *67 *26 ... ... ... *772 *64 *27 65 to 74 years. . 647 8 *440 *68 *14 ... ... ... *440 *68 *15 75 and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 7 *369 *66 *12 ... ... ... *331 *60 *12 Ethnicity Hispanic . *435 *6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Non-Hispanic . 7,352 94 2,902 39 95 702 10 82 2,700 37 94 Race White. . 6,640 85 2,927 44 95 788 12 92 2,726 41 95 African American. . 759 10 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... All others. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Annual Household Income Less than $20,000. . 541 7 *188 *35 *6 ... ... ... *188 *35 *7 $20,000 to $29,999. . 1,083 14 *224 *21 *7 ... ... ... *197 *18 *7 $30,000 to $39,999. . 604 8 *248 *41 *8 ... ... ... *248 *41 *9 $40,000 to $49,999. . 615 8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $50,000 to $74,999. . 880 11 *873 *99 *28 ... ... ... *808 *92 *28 $75,000 to $99,999. . 1,308 17 *354 *27 *12 ... ... ... *318 *24 *11 $100,000 to $149,999. . 640 8 *354 *55 *12 ... ... ... *354 *55 *12 $150,000 or more. . 501 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Not reported . 1,615 21 *532 *33 *17 ... ... ... *495 *31 *17 Education 11 years or less. . 588 8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 years. . 2,978 38 1,130 38 37 ... ... ... 1,057 35 37 1 to 3 years of college. . 2,289 29 749 33 24 *434 *19 *51 *666 *29 *23 4 years or more of college . 1,933 25 1,078 56 35 *233 *12 *27 1,051 54 37 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 37 Table 31. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) Average per participant (dollars)1 Spenders Number (thousands) Percent of wildlife-watching participants2 Average per spender (dollars)1 Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,220,816 369 2,795 87 437 TRIP EXPENDITURES Total, trip-related . 416,562 425 965 101 432 Food and lodging . 233,162 243 816 85 286 Food . 164,252 172 813 85 202 Lodging. . *68,910 *72 *311 *32 *222 Transportation. . 151,611 149 927 97 164 Other trip costs3. . *31,789 *33 *463 *48 *69 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total. . 804,254 241 2,372 74 339 Wildlife-watching equipment, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428,805 131 2,152 67 199 Binoculars, spotting scopes. . ... ... ... ... ... Film and photo processing. . ... ... ... ... ... Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic equipment, including memory cards. . *77,159 *24 *441 *14 *175 Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. . ... ... ... ... ... Bird food. . 241,538 75 1,783 56 135 Food for other wildlife. . *22,328 *7 *304 *9 *73 Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. . 31,983 *9 592 18 54 Other equipment (including field guides). . ... ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment4 . ... ... ... ... ... Special equipment5. . ... ... ... ... ... Magazines, books, and DVDs. . *11,800 *4 *384 *12 *31 Membership dues and contributions. . *18,783 *6 *329 *10 *57 Land leasing and ownership. . ... ... ... ... ... Plantings. . *10,486 *3 *230 *7 *46 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. 3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 38 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan for Wildlife Watching by Michigan Residents and Nonresidents: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per participant (dollars)1 STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Total. . 1,079,265 2,625 411 332 Food and lodging . 233,162 816 286 243 Transportation. . 151,611 927 164 149 Other trip costs2. . *31,789 *463 *69 *33 Equipment3. . 662,703 2,201 301 205 STATE RESIDENTS Total. . 990,307 2,405 412 324 Food and lodging . *174,328 *671 *260 *221 Transportation. . *132,015 *759 *174 *155 Other trip costs2. . *29,851 *373 *80 *38 Equipment3. . 654,112 2,133 307 216 NONRESIDENTS Total. . *88,958 *220 *404 *482 Food and lodging . *58,834 *145 *406 *351 Transportation. . *19,595 *168 *117 *117 Other trip costs2. . ... ... ... ... Equipment3. . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 3 Includes wildlife-watching auxiliary and special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for detailed listed of expenditure items. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 39 Table 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Michigan by Michigan Residents: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) Average per participant (dollars)1 Spenders Number (thousands) Percent of wildlife-watching participants2 Average per spender (dollars)1 Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,231,400 401 2,572 84 479 TRIP EXPENDITURES Total, trip-related . *390,960 *457 *806 *94 *485 Food and lodging . *190,834 *223 *707 *83 *270 Food . *137,152 *160 *707 *83 *194 Lodging. . ... ... ... ... ... Transportation. . *161,992 *189 *768 *90 *211 Other trip costs3. . *38,134 *45 *423 *49 *90 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total. . 840,440 274 2,337 76 360 Wildlife-watching equipment, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469,392 153 2,091 68 224 Binoculars, spotting scopes. . ... ... ... ... ... Film and photo processing. . ... ... ... ... ... Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic equipment, including memory cards. . *109,331 *36 *452 *15 *242 Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. . ... ... ... ... ... Bird food. . 238,791 78 1,771 58 135 Food for other wildlife. . *21,874 *7 *281 *9 *78 Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. . *28,268 *9 *557 *18 *51 Other equipment. . ... ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment4 . ... ... ... ... ... Special equipment5. . ... ... ... ... ... Magazines, books, and DVDs. . *24,722 *8 *433 *14 *57 Membership dues and contributions. . *23,563 *8 *338 *11 *70 Land leasing and ownership. . ... ... ... ... ... Plantings. . *10,486 *3 *230 *8 *46 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. 3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 40 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Michigan Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older) Expenditure Item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per participant (dollars)1 IN MICHIGAN Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,106,692 2,556 433 365 Trip-related expenditures3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *336,195 *797 *422 *426 Wildlife-watching equipment4 . 420,214 2,084 202 139 Auxiliary equipment5 . ... ... ... ... Special equipment6. . ... ... ... ... Other7 . 116,384 732 159 38 OUT OF STATE Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *101,889 *184 *553 ... Trip-related expenditures3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Wildlife-watching equipment4 . ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment5 . ... ... ... ... Special equipment6. . ... ... ... ... Other7 . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Information on trip-related expenditures was collected for away-from-home participants only. Equipment and other expenditures are based on information collected from both away-from-home and around-the-home participants. 3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 4 Includes binoculars, spotting scopes, cameras, special lenses, videocameras, other photography equipment, memory cards, film and photo processing, commercially prepared and packaged wild bird food, other bulk food used to feed wild birds, food used to feed other wildlife, nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, baths, and other wildife-watching equipment. 5 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 6 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 7 Includes magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, and land leasing and ownership. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Table 35. Participation of Michigan Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Total wildlife watchers Wildife-watching activity Away from home Around the home Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total participants . 3,067 100 855 100 2,865 100 Wildlife-watching participants who: Did not fish or hunt. . 2,073 68 368 43 1,981 69 Fished or hunted. . 994 32 487 57 884 31 Fished. . 946 31 *474 *55 836 29 Hunted. . 326 11 *175 *20 295 10 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 41 Table 36. Participation of Michigan Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons Sportspersons Anglers Hunters Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total sportspersons. . 1,636 100 1,465 100 507 100 Sportspersons who: Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities. . 642 39 520 35 *182 *36 Engaged in wildlife-watching activities. . 994 61 946 65 326 64 Away from home. . 487 30 *474 *32 *175 *34 Around the home. . 884 54 836 57 295 58 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. State reports for previous Surveys included tables that had estimates for all fifty states. In order to expedite release of the 2011 Michigan State report, state estimates have been deleted. To find state estimates other than Michigan, go to http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov/Subpages/NationalSurvey/reports2011.html. State reports are being released alphabetically, beginning in early 2013. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 43 Appendix A 44 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Annual household income—Total 2011 income of household members before taxes and other deductions. Around-the-home wildlife watching—Activity within 1 mile of home with one of six primary purposes: (1) taking special interest in or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least one-quarter acre for the benefit of wildlife; (5) maintaining plantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the benefit of wildlife; and (6) visiting parks and natural areas to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife. Auxiliary equipment—Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. For the sportspersons section, these include sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, and processing and taxidermy costs. For the wildlife-watching section, these include tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking and other camping equipment, and blinds. For both sportspersons and wildlife watchers, it also includes electronic auxiliary equipment such as Global Positioning Systems. Away-from-home wildlife watching— Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquar-iums, and museums are not included. Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals that are hunted. Census Divisions East North Central Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin East South Central Alabama Kentucky Mississippi Tennessee Middle Atlantic New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Mountain Arizona Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Utah Wyoming New England Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Pacific Alaska California Hawaii Oregon Washington South Atlantic Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia West North Central Kansas Iowa Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Day—Any part of a day spent partici-pating in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted two hours one day and three hours another day, it would be reported as two days of hunting. If someone hunted two hours in the morning and three hours in the after-noon of the same day, it would be considered one day of hunting. Education—The highest completed grade of school or year of college. Expenditures—Money spent in 2011 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States, wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States, and other items. The “other items” were books, magazines, and DVDs; membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning; hunting and fishing licenses; and plant-ings, all for the purpose of wildlife-related recreation. Expenditures included both money spent by partici-pants for themselves and the value of gifts they received. Appendix A. Definitions U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 45 Fishing—The sport of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellfish (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of fish, unless the fish are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is fishing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as fishing. Fishing equipment—Items owned primarily for fishing: Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components Lines and leaders Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits Tackle boxes Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices Ice fishing equipment Other fishing equipment Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams. Great Lakes fishing—Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Mary’s River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes fishing includes fishing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon. Home—The starting point of a wild-life- related recreational trip. It may be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin. Hunting—The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with fire-arms or archery equipment. Hunting equipment—Items owned primarily for hunting: Rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and handguns Archery equipment Telescopic sights Decoys and game calls Ammunition Hand loading equipment Hunting dogs and associated costs Other hunting equipment Land leasing and owning—Leasing or owning land either singly or in cooperation with others for the primary purpose of fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching on it. Maintain natural areas—To set aside 1/4 acre or more of natural environ-ment, such as wood lots or open fields, for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife. Maintain plantings—To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)—A Metropolitan Statis-tical Area is a grouping of one or more counties or equiv
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Title | 2011 national survey of fishing, hunting, and wildlife-associated recreation Michigan |
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Description | The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated Island Communities. The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide financial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. |
FWS Resource Links | http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov |
Subject |
Fishing Hunting Recreation Wildlife viewing Statistics |
Location | Michigan |
Publisher | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
Date of Original | 2013-04 |
Type | Text |
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Item ID | fhw11-mi.pdf |
Source | NCTC Conservation Library |
Language | English |
Rights | Public domain |
File Size | 8.02 MB |
Original Format | Document |
Length | 82 p. |
Full Resolution File Size | 8.02 MB |
Transcript | Michigan U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Bait U.S. Department of the Interior Ken Salazar, Secretary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dan Ashe, Director U.S. Department of Commerce Rebecca M. Blank, Acting Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Vacant, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Senior Adviser Performing the Duties of the Director FHW/11-MI Issued April 2013 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Bait Michigan The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsi-bilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated Island Communities. The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide finan-cial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. Suggested Citation U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dan Ashe, Director U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Senior Adviser Performing the Duties of the Director Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Hannibal Bolton, Assistant Director U.S. Department of the Interior Ken Salazar, Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Vacant, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan iii Contents List of Tables. . iv Foreword. . vi Survey Background and Method . vii Highlights Introduction. . 2 Summary. . 4 Wildlife-Related Recreation. . 5 Sportspersons . 6 Anglers. . 7 Hunters. . 9 Wildlife Watchers. . 11 2001–2011 Comparison . 13 Tables Guide to Statistical Tables. . 16 Fishing and Hunting Tables . 17 Wildlife-Watching Tables. . 33 Appendixes A. Definitions. . 44 B. 2010 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews. . 48 C. Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends. . 54 D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy. . 64 iv 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau List of Tables Fishing and Hunting 1. Fishing and Hunting in Michigan by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011 . 17 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Michigan by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 17 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011 . 18 4. Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5. Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 18 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011 . 19 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011. . 19 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Michigan: 2011 . 20 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011. . 20 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Michigan: 2011. . 21 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011. . 21 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 22 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Game: 2011 . 22 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Land: 2011. . 23 15. Selected Characteristics of Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 16. Summary of Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 25 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011. . 26 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 27 19. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011. . 28 20. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011. . 29 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan for Fishing and Hunting by Michigan Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 30 22. Summary of Michigan Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Michigan: 2011. . 31 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Michigan Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011 . 32 Wildlife Watching 24. Wildlife Watching in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011. . 33 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Michigan: 2011. . 33 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Michigan: 2011. . 34 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Michigan: 2011. . 34 28. Michigan Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011 . 35 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . 35 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan v 30. Selected Characteristics of Michigan Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 36 31. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 37 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan for Wildlife Watching by Michigan Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 38 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Michigan by Michigan Residents: 2011. . 39 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Michigan Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011 . 40 35. Participation of Michigan Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 40 36. Participation of Michigan Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011. . 41 vi 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau When I was growing up, it was taken as a matter of faith that kids belonged outside. I grew up with 4 brothers, and during those long, hot Atlanta summers, it was common for our mom to holler, “You boys get outside, and don’t come back ‘til it’s dark.” It never occurred to me or my brothers to do anything else in our spare time but explore the world around us. The truth is, we had little else to do. But those experiences – waking up on frosty mornings and starting the campfire, scanning trees for a shot at a scampering gray squirrel in the dawn light, scouring creek beds for crawdads and other fishing bait, or simply of the fun we had tramping through the forest – shaped who I am, and drew me to a career in conserva-tion. That’s why I’m excited by this 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. This report, the 12th in a series that began in 1955, documents a significant resurgence in the number of people embracing America’s Great Outdoors. Hunting participation has increased by 9 percent, while angling participation grew by 11 percent. Nearly 38 percent of Americans participated in wildlife-related recreation, an increase of 2.6 million participants from the 2006 Survey. In addition, wildlife-related recre-ation is a major driver of the nation’s economy. The 2011 Survey estimates that Americans spent $145 billion on related gear, trips, licenses, land acqui-sition or leases, and other purchases, representing about one percent of the nation’s gross domestic product. This spending creates thousands of jobs, supports countless local communities and provides vital funding for conser-vation. This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restora-tion Program, a cornerstone of wildlife conservation in the United States. Through excise taxes on firearms, ammunition, archery and angling equipment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has distributed over $14 billion for State and territorial wildlife conser-vation programs. This report would not have been possible without the combined efforts of state wildlife agencies – which provided financial support through the Multi-State Conservation Grant Programs – the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and a number of major national conservation organiza-tions. We also owe our gratitude to the thousands of survey respondents from households across America. Because of you, this Survey is the nation’s definitive wildlife-related recreation database and information source concerning participation and purchases associated with hunting, fishing and other forms of wildlife-associated recreation nationwide. The Fish and Wildlife Service is dedi-cated to connecting people and families with nature. We are proud to celebrate the good news in this report, and we look forward to continuing progress as we work with the States, and all our partners and the public to help keep recreational fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching growing and going strong. Dan Ashe Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Foreword U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan vii Survey Background and Method The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The Survey collects information on the number of anglers, hunters, and wild-life watchers, how often they partici-pate, and how much they spend on their activities in the United States. Preparations for the 2011 Survey began in 2008 when the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) asked the Fish and Wildlife Service to coordinate the twelfth National Survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Acts, as amended. Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of AFWA to ensure that State fish and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to participate in all phases of survey plan-ning and design. The committees were made up of agency representatives. We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations such as the American Sportfishing Association and National Shooting Sports Foundation to deter-mine survey content. Other sportsper-sons’ organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice. Data collection for the Survey was carried out in two phases by the U.S. Census Bureau. The first phase was the screen which began in April 2011. During the screening phase, the Census Bureau interviewed a sample of 48,600 households nationwide, to determine who in the household had fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in 2010, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2011. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all members. The screen primarily covered 2010 activities while the next, more in-depth phase covered 2011 activities. For more information on the 2010 data, refer to Appendix B. The second phase of data collection consisted of three detailed interview waves. The first wave began in April 2011 concurrent with the screen, the second in September 2011, and the last in January 2012. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identified in the initial screening phase. Interviews were conducted primarily by telephone, with in-person interviews for respondents who could not be reached by phone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those who were at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expendi-tures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable results at the state level. Altogether, interviews were completed for 11,330 anglers and hunters and 9,329 wildlife watchers. More detailed information on sampling procedures and response rates is found in Appendix D. Comparability With Previous Surveys The 2011 Survey’s questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 2006, 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys. Therefore, the estimates are comparable. The methodology for these Surveys differs significantly from the 1955 to 1985 Surveys, so these estimates are not directly comparable to those of earlier surveys. Changes in meth-odology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12-month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods. Highlights 2 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation reports results from inter-views with U.S. residents about their fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching. This report focuses on 2011 participa-tion and expenditures of persons 16 years of age and older. The Survey is a snapshot of one year. The information it collected tells us how many people participated and how much they spent on their activi-ties in the State in 2011. It does not tell us how many anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers there were because many do not participate every year. For example, based on information collected in the Survey’s household screen phase, we can estimate that about 51 percent more anglers and 44 percent more hunters participated nationally in at least 1 of the 5 years prior to the screen survey year 2010. In addition to 2011 estimates, we also provide trend information in the High-lights section and Appendix C of the report. The 2011 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey reports because they used similar methodolo-gies. The 2011 estimates should not be directly compared with results from Surveys conducted prior to 1991 because of changes in methodology to improve accuracy. The report also provides information on participation in wildlife recreation in 2010, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2010 information is provided in Appendix B. Information about the Survey’s scope and coverage is in Appendix D. The remainder of this section defines important terms used in the Survey. This report does not provide infor-mation about the State’s wildlife resources. That, and additional infor-mation on wildlife-related recreation, may be obtained from State fish and wildlife agencies. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide the addresses and telephone numbers of those agencies. The Association’s website is www.fishwildlife.org. Additionally, this report does not provide information about the State’s number of licensed anglers and hunters. Historical license data can be found at wsfrprograms.fws.gov. Wildlife-Related Recreation Wildlife-related recreation is fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activi-ties. These categories are not mutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one activity. Wildlife-related recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) fishing and hunting, and (2) wildlife watching, which includes observing, photo-graphing, and feeding fish or wildlife. Fishing and Hunting This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who fished or hunted in 2011, regardless of whether they were licensed. The fishing and hunting sections report information for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters. Sportspersons Sportspersons are those who fished or hunted. Individuals who fished or hunted commercially in 2011 are reported as sportspersons only if they also fished or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of the three subgroups shown in the diagram below: (1) those that fished and hunted, (2) those that only fished, and (3) those that only hunted. The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only fished, only hunted, and both hunted and fished. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters because those people who both fished and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice. Anglers Anglers are sportspersons who only fished plus those who fished and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hook and line anglers, but also those who have no license and those who use special methods such as fishing with spears. Three types of fishing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of fishing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of fishing. Sportspersons Anglers Hunters Fished only Fished and hunted Hunted only Introduction U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 3 Hunters Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and fished. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using rifles and shotguns, but also those who have no license and those who engage in hunting with archery equipment, muzzleloaders, other primitive firearms, or pistols or handguns. Four types of hunting are reported: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters partici-pated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters. Wildlife Watchers Since 1980, the National Survey has included information on wildlife-watching activities in addition to fishing and hunting. However, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, the National Surveys since 1991 have collected data only for those activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching (observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife). The 2011 Survey uses a strict definition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a “special interest” in wild-life around their homes or take a trip for the “primary purpose” of wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally observing wildlife while pleasure driving, is not included. Two types of wildlife-watching activity are reported: (1) away-from-home (formerly nonresidential) activities and (2) around-the-home (formerly residen-tial) activities. Because some people participated in more than one type of wildlife watching, the sum of partici-pants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. Only those engaged in activities whose primary purpose was wildlife watching are included in the Survey. The two types of wildlife-watching activity are defined below. Away-From-Home This group includes persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing fish and wildlife. Trips to fish or hunt or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquar-iums, and museums are not considered wildlife-watching activities. Around-The-Home This group includes those who participated within 1 mile of home and involves one or more of the following: (1) closely observing or trying to iden-tify birds or other wildlife; (2) photo-graphing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern; (5) maintaining plantings (shrubs, agricultural crops, etc.) where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern; or (6) visiting parks and natural areas within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife. 4 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Fishing Anglers. . Days of fishing . Average days per angler. . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per angler . Average trip expenditure per day. . Hunting Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of hunting. . Average days per hunter. . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per hunter. . Average trip expenditure per day. . Wildlife Watching Total wildlife-watching participants. Away-from-home participants. . Around-the-home participants. . Days of participation away from home. Average days of participation away from home . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per participant. . Average trip expenditure per day. . Fishing Anglers. . Days of fishing . Average days per angler. . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per angler . Average trip expenditure per day. . Hunting Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of hunting. . Average days per hunter. . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per hunter. . Average trip expenditure per day. . Wildlife Watching Total wildlife-watching participants. Away-from-home participants. . Around-the-home participants. . Days of participation away from home. Average days of participation away from home . Total expenditures. . Trip-related. . Equipment and other. . Average per participant. . Average trip expenditure per day. . Activities in Michigan by Residents and Nonresidents Activities by Michigan Residents Both Inside and Outside Michigan 2011 Michigan Summary 1,744,000 28,177,000 16 $2,427,110,000 $1,092,735,000 $1,334,375,000 $1,375 $39 1,465,000 26,710,000 18 $2,270,407,000 $874,601,000 $1,395,806,000 $1,550 $33 529,000 11,020,000 21 $2,338,684,000 $271,341,000 $2,067,343,000 $4,409 $25 507,000 11,217,000 22 $2,398,864,000 $330,517,000 $2,068,347,000 $4,729 $29 3,199,000 958,000 2,865,000 10,343,000 11 $1,220,816,000 $416,562,000 $804,254,000 $369 $40 3,067,000 855,000 2,865,000 10,418,000 12 $1,231,400,000 $390,960,000 $840,440,000 $401 $38 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 5 Wildlife-Related Recreation Participation in Michigan The 2011 Survey found that 4.4 million Michigan residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in Michigan. Of the total number of participants, 1.7 million fished, 529 thousand hunted, and 3.2 million participated in wildlife-watching activities, which includes observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers exceeds the total number of participants in wildlife-related recreation because many of the individuals engaged in more than one wildlife-related activity. Participation in 2011 by 6- to 15-Year-Old Michigan Residents The focus of the National Survey is on the activity of participants 16 years old and older. However, the activity of 6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated using the screening data covering the year 2010. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the proportion of 6- to 15-year-old participants to participants 16 years old and older remained the same in 2010 and 2011. Based on this assumption, in addi-tion to the 1.5 million resident anglers 16 years old or older in Michigan, there were 323 thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years old. Also, there were 507 thousand Michiganders 16 years old and older and 110 thousand Michiganders 6 to 15 years old who hunted. Finally, there were 3.1 million Michiganders 16 years old and older and 374 thousand Michiganders 6 to 15 years old who wildlife watched. Information on 2010 data for 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in Appendix B. Expenditures in Michigan In 2011, state residents and nonresidents spent $6.1 billion on wildlife recreation in Michigan. Of that total, trip-related expenditures were $1.8 billion and equipment expenditures totaled $3.2 billion. The remaining $1.1 billion was spent on licenses, contributions, land ownership and leasing, and other items. Participants in Wildlife-Related Recreation in Michigan: 2011 (U.S. residents 16 years old and older) Total. . . Sportspersons Total. . Anglers. . Hunters. . . Wildlife Watchers Total. . Away from home. . Around the home. . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Tables 1 and 24. Percent of Total Participants by Activity (Total: 4.4 million participants) Wildlife Watching Fishing Hunting 40% 12% 73% Wildlife-Related Recreation Expenditures in Michigan (Total: $6.1 billion) Trip-related 29% Equipment 52% Other 18% Percent of Total Residential Participants 6 to 15 Years Old by Activity: 2010 (Total: 600 thousand participants) Wildlife Watching Fishing Hunting 71% ... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. ... 69% 4.4 million 1.9 million 1.7 million 529 thousand 3.2 million 958 thousand 2.9 million 6 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Sportspersons In 2011, 1.9 million state resident and nonresident sportspersons 16 years old and older fished or hunted in Michigan. This group was comprised of 1.7 million anglers (90 percent of all sportspersons) and 529 thousand hunters (27 percent of all sportspersons). Among the 1.9 million sportspersons who fished or hunted in the state, 1.4 million (73 percent) fished but did not hunt in Michigan. Another 194 thousand (10 percent) hunted but did not fish there. The remaining 335 thousand (17 percent) fished and hunted in Michigan in 2011. Sportspersons’ Participation in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Sportspersons (fished or hunted). . . Anglers. . Fished only. . Fished and hunted . . Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted only. . Hunted and fished. . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 1. 1.9 million 1.7 million 1.4 million 335 thousand 529 thousand 194 thousand 335 thousand U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 7 Anglers Participants and Days of Fishing In 2011, 1.7 million state residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished in Michigan. Of this total, 1.4 million anglers (80 percent) were state residents and 347 thousand anglers (20 percent) were nonresidents. Anglers fished a total of 28.2 million days in Michigan—an average of 16 days per angler. State residents fished 26.0 million days—92 percent of all fishing days in Michigan. Nonresidents fished 2.2 million days in Michigan—8 percent of all fishing days in the state. A large majority of Michigan residents who fished anywhere in the United States did so in their resident state. There were 1.5 million Michigan residents 16 years old and older who fished in the United States in 2011 for a total of 26.7 million days. An estimated 95 percent of all Michigan residents who fished did so in their home state. Of all fishing days by Michigan residents, 97 percent or 26.0 million were in their home state. For further details about fishing in Michigan, see Table 3. Anglers in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Anglers. . Residents . Nonresidents. . . Days of fishing. . Residents . Nonresidents. . Source: Table 3. In State/Out of State (State residents 16 years old and older) Michigan anglers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Michigan . In other states. . . Days of fishing. . In Michigan . In other states. . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 3. 1.7 million 1.4 million 347 thousand 28.2 million 26.0 million 2.2 million 1.5 million 1.4 million 200 thousand 26.7 million 26.0 million 730 thousand 8 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Fishing Expenditures in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total. . Trip-related. . Equipment . Fishing. . Auxiliary and special. . Other. . Source: Table 19. Fishing Expenditures in Michigan All fishing-related expenditures in Michigan totaled $2.4 billion in 2011. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging, transportation, and other expenses totaled $1.1 billion—45 percent of all fishing expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $374 million and transportation expen-ditures were $344 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, bait, and cooking fuel, totaled $374 million. Each angler spent an average of $624 on trip-related costs during 2011. Anglers spent $1.1 billion on equip-ment in Michigan in 2011, 46 percent of all fishing expenditures. Fishing equipment (rods, reels, lines, etc.) spending totaled $259 million—23 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, special fishing clothing, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (boats, vans, etc.) amounted to $859 million—77 percent of the equipment total. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for fishing but could be used in activities other than fishing. The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, stamps, and land leasing and ownership, amounted to $216 million—9 percent of all fishing expen-ditures. For more details about fishing expenditures in Michigan, see Tables 19 and 21 through 23. Fishing Expenditures in Michigan (Total: $2.4 billion) Equipment 46% Trip-related 45% Other 9% Percent of Anglers by Residence (Total: 1.7 million participants) Residents Nonresidents 80% 20% $2.4 billion $1.1 billion $1.1 billion $259 million $859 million $216 million Comparative Fishing Expenditures by Type of Fishing All fishing Freshwater except Great Lakes Great Lakes $624 $448 $727 $39 $29 $43 Trip expenditures per angler: Trip expenditures per day: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 9 Hunters Participants and Days of Hunting In 2011, there were 529 thousand residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older who hunted in Michigan. Resident hunters numbered 501 thousand, accounting for 95 percent of the hunters in Michigan. Residents and nonresidents hunted 11.0 million days in 2011, an average of 21 days per hunter. Residents hunted 10.8 million days in Michigan or 98 percent of all hunting days. There were 507 thousand Michigan residents 16 years old and older who hunted in the United States in 2011 for a total of 11.2 million days. An estimated 99 percent of all Michigan residents who hunted did so in their home state. Of all hunting days by Michigan residents, 97 percent or 10.8 million were spent pursuing game in their home state. For further informa-tion on hunting activities by Michigan residents, see Table 3. Hunters in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residents . Nonresidents. . . Days of hunting. . Residents . Nonresidents. . … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Source: Table 3. 529 thousand 501 thousand ... 11.0 million 10.8 million ... In State/Out of State (State residents 16 years old and older) Michigan hunters . In Michigan . In other states. . . Days of hunting. . In Michigan . In other states. . … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Source: Table 3. 507 thousand 501 thousand ... 11.2 million 10.8 million ... 10 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Hunting Expenditures in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total. . Trip-related. . Equipment . Hunting. . Auxiliary and special. . Other. . Source: Table 20. Hunting Expenditures in Michigan All hunting-related expenditures in Michigan totaled $2.3 billion in 2011. Trip-related expenses, such as food and lodging, transporta-tion, and other trip expenses, totaled $271 million—12 percent of total expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $105 million and transportation expenditures were $144 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, totaled $22 million for the year. The average trip-related expenditure per hunter was $513. Hunters spent $1.3 billion on equip-ment— 56 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $408 million and made up 31 percent of all equipment costs. Hunters spent $909 million on auxiliary equipment (tents, special hunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, vans, etc.), accounting for 69 percent of total equipment expenditures for hunting. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for hunting but could be used in activities other than hunting. The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, and land leasing, and ownership, cost hunters $750 million—32 percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting expenditures in Michigan, see Tables 20 through 23. Hunting Expenditures in Michigan (Total: $2.3 billion) Equipment 56% Trip-related 12% Other 32% Comparative Hunting Expenditures by Type of Hunting All hunting Big game Small game Migratory birds Other animals $513 $471 $181 ... ... ... $25 $24 $17 Trip expenditures per hunter: ... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Trip expenditures per day: ... $2.3 billion $271 million $1.3 billion $408 million $909 million $750 million U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 11 Participants and Days of Activity In 2011, 3.2 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older fed, observed, or photographed wildlife in Michigan. Most of them, 90 percent (2.9 million), enjoyed their activities close to home and are called “around-the-home” participants. Those persons who enjoyed wildlife at least one mile from home are called “away-from-home” participants. People participating in away-from-home activities in Michigan in 2011 numbered 958 thousand—30 percent of all wildlife watchers in Michigan. Of the 958 thousand, 790 thousand were state residents and 168 thousand were nonresidents. Michiganders 16 years old and older who enjoyed away-from-home wildlife watching within their state totaled 790 thousand. Of this group, 790 thousand participants observed wildlife and 507 thousand photographed wildlife. Since some individuals engaged in more than one of the away-from-home activities during the year, the sum of wildlife observers, feeders, and photographers exceeds the total number away-from-home participants. Michiganders spent 9.5 million days engaged in away-from-home wildlife-watching activities in their state. They spent 8.6 million days observing and 4.9 million days photographing wild-life. For further details about away-from- home activities, see Table 25. Michigan residents also took an active interest in wildlife around their homes. In 2011, 2.9 million state residents enjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within one mile of their homes. Among this around-the-home group, 2.3 million fed, 1.7 million observed, and 1.7 million photographed wildlife around their homes. Another 248 thousand participants maintained natural areas of one-quarter acre or more for wildlife; 239 thousand participants maintained plantings for the benefit of wildlife; and 402 thousand participants visited parks or natural areas within a mile of home because of the wildlife. Summing the number of participants in these six activities results in an estimate that exceeds the total number of around-the-home participants because many people participated in more than one type of around-the-home activity. In addition, 23 percent of Michigander around-the-home wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife away from home. For further details about Michigan residents partic-ipating in around-the-home wildlife-watching activities, see Table 27. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total. . Observe wildlife. . Photograph wildlife. . Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, total . Observe wildlife. . Photograph wildlife. . Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 25. 958 thousand 950 thousand 608 thousand 252 thousand 10.3 million 9.0 million 5.3 million 2.4 million Wildlife Watchers Wildlife-Watching Participants in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total. . Around the home. . Away from home. . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 24. Around-The-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Michigan (State residents 16 years old and older) Total. . Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife. . Photograph wildlife. . Maintain natural areas. . Maintain plantings. . Visit parks and natural areas . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 27. 3.2 million 2.9 million 958 thousand 2.9 million 2.3 million 1.7 million 1.7 million 248 thousand 239 thousand 402 thousand 12 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Wild Bird Observers in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total. . Around the home. . Away from home. . . Days, total . Around the home. . Away from home. . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 29. Wild Bird Observers Bird watching attracted many wildlife enthusiasts in Michigan. In 2011, 2.0 million people observed birds around the home and on trips in the state. A majority, 78 percent (1.6 million), observed wild birds around the home while 41 percent (818 thousand) took trips away from home to watch birds. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Michigan Wildlife watchers spent $1.2 billion on wildlife-watching activities in Mich-igan in 2011. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging ($233 million), transportation ($152 million), and other trip expenses ($32 million), such as equipment rental, amounted to $417 million. This summation comprised 34 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures by participants. The average of the trip-related expendi-tures for away-from-home participants was $425 per person in 2011. Wildlife-watching participants spent nearly $663 million on equipment—54 percent of all their expenditures. Specifically, wildlife-watching equip-ment (binoculars, special clothing, etc.) expenditures totaled $429 million, 65 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, backpacking equipment, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to $234 million—35 percent of all equip-ment costs. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for wildlife-watching recreation but could be used in activities other than wildlife watching. Other items purchased by wildlife-watching participants, such as maga-zines, membership dues and contribu-tions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings, totaled $142 million—12 percent of all wildlife-watching expen-ditures. For more details about wildlife-watching expenditures in Michigan, see Table 31. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Michigan (Total: $1.2 billion) Equipment 54% Trip-related 34% Other 12% Away-From-Home Activity by Around-The-Home Participants (Total: 2.9 million participants) Both around the home and away from home Around the home only 77% 23% 2.0 million 1.6 million 818 thousand 212.2 million 204.3 million 7.9 million Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Michigan (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total. . Trip-related. . Equipment . Wildlife watching. . Auxiliary and special. . Other. . Source: Table 31. $1.2 billion $417 million $663 million $429 million $234 million $142 million U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 13 Comparing the estimates from the 2001, 2006, and 2011 Surveys gives a perspective on the state of wildlife-related recreation in the early twenty-first century in Michigan. Only the most general recreation comparisons are presented here. The best way to compare estimates from surveys is not to compare the estimates themselves but to compare the confidence intervals around the esti-mates. A 90-percent confidence interval around the estimate gives the range of estimates that 90 percent of all possible representative samples would supply. If the 90-percent confidence intervals of the two surveys’ estimates overlap, it is not possible to say the two estimates are statistically different. The state resident estimates cover the participation and expenditure activity of Michigan residents anywhere in the United States. The in-state esti-mates cover the participation, day, and expenditure activity if U.S. residents in Michigan. The expenditure estimates were made comparable by adjusting the estimates for inflation—all estimates are in 2011 dollars. 2001–2011 Comparison Michigan 2001 and 2011 Comparison (Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars) 2001 2011 Percent change . Fishing. Anglers in state. . Days in state. . In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. . State resident anglers . Total expenditures by state residents . Hunting Hunters in state. . Days in state. . In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. . State resident hunters . Total expenditures by state residents . Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching Participants in state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in state. . State resident participants. . Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching Total participants. . Observers . Feeders . Wildlife-Watching Expenditures In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. . Total expenditures by state residents . NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance 1,354 1,744 29 19,320 28,177 46 $1,065,073 $2,427,110 128 1,039 1,465 41 $1,219,915 $2,270,407 NS86 754 529 –30 8,994 11,020 NS23 $622,683 $2,338,684 276 725 507 –30 $707,307 $2,398,864 239 884 958 NS8 13,999 10,343 NS–26 747 855 NS14 2,361 2,865 21 1,566 1,693 NS8 2,078 2,259 NS9 $879,887 $1,220,816 NS39 $917,068 $1,231,400 NS34 14 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Number of People Who Hunted and Fished in Michigan: 2001–2011 (In thousands) 1,354 1,394 754 753 1,744 529 Number of People Who Wildlife Watched in Michigan: 2001–2011 (In thousands) Around the home Away from home 2001 2006 2011 2001 2006 2011 2,361 884 2,826 1,034 2,865 958 Total Expenditures by Participants in Michigan (In millions of 2011 dollars) Anglers Hunters Wildlife Watchers 2001 2006 2011 1,065 623 880 1,865 1,022 1,810 2,427 2,339 1,221 Anglers Hunters Michigan 2006 and 2011 Comparison (Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars) 2006 2011 Percent change . Fishing. Anglers in state. . Days in state. . In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. . State resident anglers . Total expenditures by state residents . Hunting Hunters in state. . Days in state. . In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. . State resident hunters . Total expenditures by state residents . Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching Participants in state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in state. . State resident participants. . Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching Total participants. . Observers . Feeders . Wildlife-Watching Expenditures In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. . Total expenditures by state residents . NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance 1,394 1,744 25 24,822 28,177 NS14 $1,864,577 $2,427,110 NS30 1,098 1,465 33 $1,855,384 $2,270,407 NS22 753 529 –30 11,905 11,020 NS–7 $1,021,915 $2,338,684 129 721 507 –30 $944,448 $2,398,864 154 1,034 958 NS–7 10,043 10,343 NS3 827 855 NS3 2,826 2,865 NS1 1,664 1,693 NS2 2,384 2,259 NS–5 $1,810,358 $1,220,816 NS–33 $1,997,572 $1,231,400 NS–38 Tables 16 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Guide to Statistical Tables Purpose and Coverage of Tables The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are defined in Appendix A. The tables are based on responses to the 2011 Survey, which was designed to collect data about participation in wildlife- related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (including U.S. citizens) was eligible for inter-viewing. Therefore, reported state and national totals do not include partici-pation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were U.S. citizens residing outside the United States. Comparability With Previous Surveys The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2011 was similar to that used in those Surveys. These results should not be directly compared to results from Surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the information provided. Coverage of an Individual Table Since the Survey covers many activi-ties in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 2 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are reported by type of activity. By contrast, the title of Table 7 indi-cates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they fished for different species. Percentages Reported in the Tables Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, Table 2 reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters, those taken by small game hunters, those taken by migratory bird hunters, and those taken by hunters pursuing other animals. These comprise 100 percent because they are exclusive categories. Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 2 as an example again, note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game hunters, total small game hunters, total migratory bird hunters, and total hunters of other animals will not yield total hunters because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game. When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identified in a footnote. For example, Table 15 reports two percentages with different bases: one base being the number of total participants at the head of the column and the other base being the total popu-lation who are described by the row category. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages. Footnotes to the Tables Footnotes are used to clarify the infor-mation or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. The following symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear: * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Z Less than 0.5 percent. X Not applicable. NA Not available. Estimates based upon fewer than ten responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently: • Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. • Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. “Multiple responses” is a term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 5 as an example, those who fished in saltwater and fresh-water appear in both of these totals. Yet each angler is represented only once in the “Total, all fishing” row. Simi-larly, in Table 12, those who hunt for big game and small game are counted only once as a hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row. Therefore, totals will be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist. “Nonresponse” exists because the Survey questions were answered volun-tarily, and some respondents did not or could not answer all the questions. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 17 Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Michigan by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent of sportspersons Number Percent of resident sportspersons Number Percent of nonresident sportspersons Total sportspersons (fished or hunted). . 1,938 100 1,568 100 370 100 Total anglers . 1,744 90 1,397 89 347 94 Fished only. . 1,409 73 1,066 68 343 93 Fished and hunted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 17 331 21 ... ... Total hunters. . 529 27 501 32 ... ... Hunted only. . *194 *10 *170 *11 ... ... Hunted and fished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 17 331 21 ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Michigan by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Type of fishing and hunting Participants Days of participation Trips Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent FISHING Total, all fishing. . 1,744 100 28,177 100 25,100 100 Total, all freshwater. . 1,721 99 31,948 113 25,100 100 Freshwater, except Great Lakes . 1,361 78 20,961 74 15,202 61 Great Lakes. . 650 37 10,987 39 9,898 39 Saltwater. . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) HUNTING Total, all hunting. . 529 100 11,020 100 8,501 100 Big game. . 488 92 9,584 87 7,045 83 Small game. . *114 *22 *1,208 *11 *641 *8 Migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 18 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers and hunters, trips and days of participation Activity in Michigan Activity by Michigan residents in United States Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Total, in state of residence and in other states In state of residence In other states Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent FISHING Total anglers. . 1,744 100 1,397 80 347 20 1,465 100 1,397 95 *200 *14 Total trips . 25,100 100 23,370 93 1,730 7 23,975 100 23,370 97 *605 *3 Total days of fishing. . 28,177 100 26,014 92 2,164 8 26,710 100 26,014 97 *730 *3 Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 (X) 19 (X) 6 (X) 18 (X) 19 (X) *4 (X) HUNTING Total hunters. . 529 100 501 95 ... ... 507 100 501 99 ... ... Total trips . 8,501 100 8,451 99 ... ... 8,971 100 8,451 94 ... ... Total days of hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,020 100 10,840 98 ... ... 11,217 100 10,840 97 ... ... Average days of hunting. . 21 (X) 22 (X) ... (X) 22 (X) 22 (X) ... (X) * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 4. Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Place fished or hunted Anglers Hunters Number Percent Number Percent Total, all places . 1,465 100 507 100 In-state only . 1,265 86 478 94 In-state and other states. . *132 *9 ... ... In other states only. . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Table 5. Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Type of fishing and hunting Participants Days of participation Trips Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent FISHING Total, all fishing. . 1,465 100 26,710 100 23,975 100 Total, all freshwater. . 1,404 96 26,344 99 23,614 98 Freshwater, except Great Lakes . 1,100 75 19,355 72 14,179 59 Great Lakes. . 566 39 10,438 39 9,435 39 Saltwater. . *144 *10 *381 *1 *361 *2 HUNTING Total, all hunting. . 507 100 11,217 100 8,971 100 Big game. . 485 96 9,823 88 7,557 84 Small game. . *96 *19 *1,166 *10 *600 *7 Migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 19 Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers, trips, and days of fishing Activity in Michigan Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total anglers . 1,361 100 1,054 77 307 23 Total trips. . 15,202 100 13,966 92 1,236 8 Total days of fishing . 20,961 100 19,006 91 1,955 9 Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (X) 18 (X) 6 (X) ANGLERS Total, all types of water. . 1,361 100 1,054 77 307 23 Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs . 1,215 100 951 78 *263 *22 Rivers or streams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 100 *501 *85 *85 *15 DAYS Total, all types of water. . 20,961 100 19,006 91 1,955 9 Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs . 16,926 100 15,461 91 *1,465 *9 Rivers or streams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,159 100 *7,636 *94 *523 *6 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers and days of fishing Activity in Michigan Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent of total types Percent of anglers/days Number Percent of anglers/days Number Percent of anglers/days ANGLERS Total, all types of fish . 1,361 100 100 1,054 77 307 23 Crappie. . *268 *20 *100 *227 *85 ... ... Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 60 100 643 79 *168 *21 White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . *266 *20 *100 *264 *99 ... ... Black bass. . 589 43 100 487 83 *102 *17 Catfish, bullheads. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Walleye, sauger. . *287 *21 *100 *268 *93 ... ... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. . *384 *28 *100 *330 *86 ... ... Steelhead. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Trout. . *132 *10 *100 *100 *76 ... ... Salmon . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other freshwater fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... DAYS Total, all types of fish . 20,961 100 100 19,006 91 1,955 9 Crappie. . *3,841 *18 *100 *3,713 *97 ... ... Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,469 40 100 7,320 86 *1,149 *14 White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . *4,188 *20 *100 *4,178 *100 ... ... Black bass. . 8,739 42 100 8,062 92 *677 *8 Catfish, bullheads. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Walleye, sauger. . *5,116 *24 *100 *4,988 *98 ... ... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. . *4,387 *21 *100 *3,595 *82 ... ... Steelhead. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Trout. . *1,075 *5 *100 *1,002 *93 ... ... Salmon . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other freshwater fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 20 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Michigan: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers, trips, and days of fishing Activity in Indiana Total, state residents and nonresi-dents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total anglers . 650 100 558 86 *92 *14 Total trips. . 9,898 100 9,404 95 *494 *5 Total days. . 10,987 100 10,373 94 *614 *6 Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 (X) 19 (X) *7 (X) * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable. Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers and days of fishing Activity in Indiana Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent of total types Percent of anglers/days Number Percent of anglers/days Number Percent of anglers/days ANGLERS Total, all types of fish . 650 100 100 558 86 *92 *14 Perch. . *224 *34 *100 *203 *91 ... ... Black bass. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Walleye, sauger. . *251 *39 *100 *220 *88 ... ... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Salmon . *172 *26 *100 *135 *78 ... ... Steelhead. . *116 *18 *100 ... ... ... ... Lake trout. . *89 *14 *100 ... ... ... ... Other trout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other Great Lakes fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... DAYS Total, all types of fish . 10,987 100 100 10,373 94 *614 *6 Perch. . *3,607 *33 *100 *3,569 *99 ... ... Black bass. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Walleye, sauger. . *3,192 *29 *100 *3,117 *98 ... ... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Salmon . *2,531 *23 *100 *2,161 *85 ... ... Steelhead. . *2,624 *24 *100 ... ... ... ... Lake trout. . *1,271 *12 *100 ... ... ... ... Other trout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Other Great Lakes fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 21 Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Michigan: 2011 This table does not apply to this state. Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Michigan by Type of Fish: 2011 This table does not apply to this state. 22 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunters, trips, and days of hunting Activity in Michigan Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent HUNTERS Total, all hunting. . 529 100 501 95 ... ... Big game. . 488 100 479 98 ... ... Small game. . *114 *100 *96 *84 ... ... Migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ... TRIPS Total, all hunting. . 8,501 100 8,451 99 ... ... Big game. . 7,045 100 7,036 100 ... ... Small game. . *641 *100 *600 *94 ... ... Migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ... DAYS Total, all hunting. . 11,020 100 10,840 98 ... ... Big game. . 9,584 100 9,445 99 ... ... Small game. . *1,208 *100 *1,166 *97 ... ... Migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Game: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Type of game Hunters, state residents and nonresidents Days of hunting Number Percent Number Percent Total, all types of game. . 529 100 11,020 100 Big game, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 92 9,584 87 Deer. . 488 92 9,259 84 Elk. . ... ... ... ... Bear. . ... ... ... ... Wild turkey. . ... ... ... ... Other big game. . ... ... ... ... Small game, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . *114 *22 *1,208 *11 Rabbit, hare. . ... ... ... ... Quail. . ... ... ... ... Grouse/prairie chicken. . ... ... ... ... Squirrel. . ... ... ... ... Pheasant . ... ... ... ... Other small game . ... ... ... ... Migratory birds, total. . ... ... ... ... Waterfowl. . ... ... ... ... Geese. . ... ... ... ... Ducks . ... ... ... ... Doves . ... ... ... ... Other migratory birds. . ... ... ... ... Other animals, total1. . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 23 Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Michigan by Type of Land: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunters and days of hunting Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent HUNTERS Total, all types of land. . 529 100 501 100 ... ... Public land, total. . *267 *51 *261 *52 ... ... Public land only . *121 *23 ... ... ... ... Public and private land. . *146 *28 *146 *29 ... ... Private land, total. . 408 77 387 77 ... ... Private land only. . 262 49 241 48 ... ... Private and public land. . *146 *28 *146 *29 ... ... DAYS Total, all types of land. . 11,020 100 10,840 100 ... ... Public land1. . *3,035 *28 *2,902 *27 ... ... Private land2 . 8,564 78 8,518 79 ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land. 2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 24 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Michigan Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Characteristic Population Sportspersons (fished or hunted) Anglers Hunters Number Percent Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent of sports-persons Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent of anglers Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent of hunters Total persons. . 7,787 100 1,636 21 100 1,465 19 100 507 7 100 Population Density of Residence Urban. . 5,647 73 804 14 49 706 13 48 *223 *4 *44 Rural. . 2,140 27 831 39 51 759 35 52 284 13 56 Population Size of Residence Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). . 7,237 93 1,378 19 84 1,254 17 86 338 5 67 1,000,000 or more. . 2,897 37 *415 *14 *25 *352 *12 *24 ... ... ... 250,000 to 999,999. . 2,310 30 432 19 26 *393 *17 *27 *101 *4 *20 50,000 to 249,999. . 2,030 26 531 26 32 509 25 35 *122 *6 *24 Outside MSA. . 551 7 *258 *47 *16 *211 *38 *14 *169 *31 *33 Sex Male . 3,427 44 1,181 34 72 1,025 30 70 419 12 83 Female. . 4,361 56 455 10 28 440 10 30 ... ... ... Age 16 to 17 years. . *261 *3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 to 24 years. . 884 11 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 to 34 years. . 1,119 14 *313 *28 *19 *283 *25 *19 ... ... ... 35 to 44 years. . 1,214 16 *221 *18 *14 *198 *16 *13 ... ... ... 45 to 54 years. . 1,568 20 550 35 34 515 33 35 *197 *13 *39 55 to 64 years. . 1,539 20 *414 *27 *25 *353 *23 *24 *131 *9 *26 65 years and older. . 1,203 15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 65 to 74 years. . 647 8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 75 and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Ethnicity Hispanic . *435 *6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Non-Hispanic . 7,352 94 1,583 22 97 1,412 19 96 501 7 99 Race White. . 6,640 85 1,538 23 94 1,368 21 93 507 8 100 African American. . 759 10 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... All others. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Annual Household Income Less than $20,000. . 541 7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $20,000 to $29,999. . 1,083 14 *118 *11 *7 ... ... ... ... ... ... $30,000 to $39,999. . 604 8 *191 *32 *12 *175 *29 *12 ... ... ... $40,000 to $49,999. . 615 8 *298 *48 *18 ... ... ... ... ... ... $50,000 to $74,999. . 880 11 *265 *30 *16 *236 *27 *16 ... ... ... $75,000 to $99,999. . 1,308 17 *237 *18 *14 *230 *18 *16 ... ... ... $100,000 to $149,999. . 640 8 *220 *34 *13 *197 *31 *13 *68 *11 *13 $150,000 or more. . 501 6 *100 *20 *6 ... ... ... ... ... ... Not reported . 1,615 21 *113 *7 *7 ... ... ... ... ... ... Education 11 years or less. . 588 8 *110 *19 *7 ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 years. . 2,978 38 569 19 35 471 16 32 *185 *6 *36 1 to 3 years of college. . 2,289 29 480 21 29 459 20 31 *130 *6 *26 4 years or more of college. . 1,933 25 476 25 29 *457 *24 *31 *128 *7 *25 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 25 Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per sportsperson (dollars)1 FISHING AND HUNTING Total. . 4,869,636 2,014 2,418 2,498 Food and lodging . 479,384 1,563 307 247 Transportation. . 488,271 1,688 289 249 Other trip costs2. . 396,422 1,498 265 205 Equipment (fishing, hunting). . 690,173 1,117 618 354 Auxiliary equipment3 . 199,719 598 334 94 Special equipment4. . *1,641,297 *171 *9,572 *847 Magazines, books, and DVDs. . *14,681 *255 *58 *8 Membership dues and contributions. . *75,610 *183 *414 *39 Other5 . 884,078 1,523 581 455 FISHING Total. . 2,427,110 1,799 1,349 1,375 Food and lodging . 373,964 1,407 266 214 Transportation. . 344,495 1,496 230 195 Other trip costs2. . 374,276 1,464 256 215 Fishing equipment. . 259,043 865 299 145 Auxiliary equipment3 . *84,705 *226 *375 *39 Special equipment4. . *774,162 *84 *9,168 *444 Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ... Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ... Other5 . 185,651 1,261 147 105 HUNTING Total. . 2,338,684 539 4,337 4,409 Food and lodging . 105,419 413 256 199 Transportation. . 143,776 436 330 272 Other trip costs2. . *22,146 *236 *94 *42 Hunting equipment. . 407,636 421 968 768 Auxiliary equipment3 . *76,709 *277 *277 *143 Special equipment4. . ... ... ... ... Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ... Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ... Other5 . 698,427 501 1,394 1,313 UNSPECIFIED6 Total. . *78,359 *314 *250 *40 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). 3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only). 6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 26 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per angler (dollars)1 ALL FISHING Total. . 2,210,646 1,717 1,288 1,252 Food and lodging . 373,964 1,407 266 214 Transportation. . 344,495 1,496 230 195 Other trip costs. . 374,276 1,464 256 215 Equipment. . 1,117,911 923 1,212 628 ALL FRESHWATER Total. . 1,896,784 1,650 1,149 1,081 Food and lodging . 373,964 1,407 266 214 Transportation. . 333,616 1,444 231 191 Other trip costs. . 374,276 1,464 256 215 Equipment. . 814,928 868 939 461 FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES Total. . 801,290 1,309 612 453 Food and lodging . 208,136 1,052 198 119 Transportation. . 211,949 1,143 185 122 Other trip costs. . 189,161 1,095 173 108 Equipment. . 192,044 669 287 104 GREAT LAKES Total. . 1,095,493 625 1,752 628 Food and lodging . 165,828 599 277 95 Transportation. . 121,667 562 216 70 Other trip costs. . 185,114 583 318 106 Equipment. . *622,884 *332 *1,877 *357 SALTWATER Total. . ... ... ... ... Food and lodging . ... ... ... ... Transportation. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ... Equipment. . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 27 Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per type of hunter (dollars)1 ALL HUNTING Total. . 1,588,345 522 3,042 2,998 Food and lodging . 105,419 413 256 199 Transportation. . 143,776 436 330 272 Other trip costs. . *22,146 *236 *94 *42 Equipment. . 1,317,004 450 2,927 2,485 BIG GAME Total. . 1,394,830 468 2,981 2,635 Food and lodging . 93,490 378 247 177 Transportation. . 122,699 350 351 232 Other trip costs. . *13,831 *201 *69 *26 Equipment. . 1,164,810 383 3,043 2,200 SMALL GAME Total. . *27,609 *106 *262 *119 Food and lodging . *6,141 *71 *86 *28 Transportation. . *9,256 *83 *112 *42 Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ... Equipment. . ... ... ... ... MIGRATORY BIRDS Total. . ... ... ... ... Food and lodging . ... ... ... ... Transportation. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ... Equipment. . ... ... ... ... OTHER ANIMALS Total. . ... ... ... ... Food and lodging . ... ... ... ... Transportation. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ... Equipment. . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items. 28 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 19. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures Spenders Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per angler (dollars)1 Number (thousands) Percent of anglers Average per spender (dollars)1 Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,427,110 1,375 1,799 103 1,349 TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related. . 1,092,735 624 1,655 95 660 Food and lodging, total. . 373,964 214 1,407 81 266 Food . 228,408 131 1,385 79 165 Lodging. . *145,556 *83 *350 *20 *416 Transportation. . 344,495 195 1,496 86 230 Other trip costs, total. . 374,276 215 1,464 84 256 Privilege and other fees2. . *47,349 *27 *357 *20 *133 Boating costs3. . 253,167 145 725 42 349 Bait. . 50,438 29 998 57 51 Ice. . 12,711 7 619 35 21 Heating and cooking fuel. . *10,610 *6 *236 *14 *45 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR FISHING Fishing equipment, total. . 259,043 145 865 50 299 Reels, rods, and rod-making components. . *44,548 *23 *306 *18 *146 Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.. . 46,511 27 686 39 68 Artificial lures and flies. . 87,072 50 641 37 136 Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks. . *2,559 *1 *85 *5 *30 Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers . ... ... ... ... ... Other fishing equipment4 . *76,803 *43 *341 *20 *225 Auxiliary equipment5 . *84,705 *39 *226 *13 *375 Special equipment6. . *774,162 *444 *84 *5 *9,168 Other fishing costs7. . 216,464 123 1,294 74 167 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use. 3 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 4 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment. 5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are included. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 29 Table 20. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures Spenders Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per hunter (dollars)1 Number (thousands) Percent of hunters Average per spender (dollars)1 Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,338,684 4,409 539 102 4,337 TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related. . 271,341 513 466 88 583 Food and lodging, total. . 105,419 199 413 78 256 Food . 101,587 192 413 78 246 Lodging. . ... ... ... ... ... Transportation. . 143,776 272 436 82 330 Other trip costs, total. . *22,146 *42 *236 *45 *94 Privilege and other fees2. . ... ... ... ... ... Boating costs3. . ... ... ... ... ... Heating and cooking fuel. . *10,578 *20 *201 *38 *53 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING Hunting equipment, total. . 407,636 768 421 80 968 Firearms . *142,925 *268 *194 *37 *735 Ammunition . 77,458 146 343 65 226 Other hunting equipment4. . 187,253 354 356 67 526 Auxiliary equipment5 . *76,709 *143 *277 *52 *277 Special equipment6. . ... ... ... ... ... Other hunting costs7 . 750,339 1,411 509 96 1,474 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes guide fees, pack trip and package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment. 3 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 4 Includes telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting knives, bows, arrows, archery equipment, and other hunting equipment. 5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not hunt in this state are included. 30 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan for Fishing and Hunting by Michigan Residents and Nonresidents: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per sportsperson (dollars)1 STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,895,266 1,929 2,019 7,364 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . 2,212,635 1,724 1,284 1,252 Food and lodging . 373,964 1,407 266 214 Transportation. . 344,495 1,496 230 195 Boating costs2. . 253,167 725 349 145 Other trip costs3. . 121,109 1,318 92 69 Equipment. . 1,119,899 929 1,205 628 Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . 1,611,839 626 2,575 2,998 Food and lodging . 105,419 413 256 199 Transportation. . 143,776 436 330 272 Boating costs2. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs3. . *19,187 *229 *84 *36 Equipment. . 1,340,498 554 2,421 2,485 Unspecified equipment4 . *70,792 *234 *303 *134 STATE RESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,525,639 1,503 2,346 7,031 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . 1,896,051 1,326 1,430 1,347 Food and lodging . 228,625 1,153 198 164 Transportation. . 258,606 1,173 220 181 Boating costs2. . 234,969 622 378 168 Other trip costs3. . 94,223 1,019 93 67 Equipment. . 1,079,628 758 1,425 766 Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . 1,559,665 589 2,646 3,064 Food and lodging . 93,116 393 237 186 Transportation. . 141,905 420 338 283 Boating costs2. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs3. . *16,420 *213 *77 *33 Equipment. . 1,305,266 521 2,503 2,556 Unspecified equipment4 . *69,923 *223 *313 *139 NONRESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . . . . . . . . . . . 369,627 426 867 13,434 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . 316,584 398 796 870 Food and lodging . 145,339 254 572 419 Transportation. . 85,889 323 266 247 Boating costs2. . *18,198 *103 *176 *52 Other trip costs3. . 26,886 299 90 77 Equipment. . *40,271 *172 *235 *74 Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . *52,174 *37 *1,428 ... Food and lodging . ... ... ... ... Transportation. . ... ... ... ... Boating costs2. . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs3. . ... ... ... ... Equipment. . ... ... ... ... Unspecified equipment4 . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 3 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil. 4 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 31 Table 22. Summary of Michigan Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Michigan: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per sportsperson (dollars)1 FISHING AND HUNTING Total. . 4,772,918 1,565 3,049 2,918 Food and lodging . 363,544 1,346 270 222 Transportation. . 457,363 1,344 340 280 Other trip costs2. . 384,213 1,192 322 235 Equipment (fishing, hunting). . 727,944 1,004 725 445 Auxiliary equipment3 . 205,253 604 340 125 Special equipment4. . *1,645,024 *190 *8,671 *1,006 Magazines, books, and DVDs. . *14,631 *243 *60 *9 Membership dues and contributions. . *81,406 *238 *342 *50 Other5 . 893,540 1,312 681 546 FISHING Total. . 2,270,407 1,379 1,646 1,550 Food and lodging . 248,818 1,207 206 170 Transportation. . 280,555 1,167 240 191 Other trip costs2. . 345,228 1,181 292 236 Fishing equipment. . 322,074 770 418 220 Auxiliary equipment3 . *85,822 *233 *369 *59 Special equipment4. . *777,890 *103 *7,576 *531 Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ... Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ... Other5 . 179,325 1,070 168 122 HUNTING Total. . 2,398,864 507 4,729 4,729 Food and lodging . 114,725 413 278 226 Transportation. . 176,807 426 416 349 Other trip costs2. . *38,985 *221 *176 *77 Hunting equipment. . 382,376 409 936 754 Auxiliary equipment3 . *81,320 *286 *285 *160 Special equipment4. . ... ... ... ... Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ... Membership dues and contributions. . *54,097 *110 *490 *107 Other5 . 714,215 493 1,447 1,408 UNSPECIFIED6 Total. . *78,165 *311 *251 *48 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). 3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings (for hunting only). 6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items. 32 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Michigan Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per sportsperson (dollars)1 IN MICHIGAN Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . 4,484,176 1,572 2,853 2,314 Trip-related expenditures . 1,070,822 1,473 727 553 Equipment (fishing and hunting) . 641,535 968 662 331 Auxiliary equipment2 . 173,726 514 338 90 Special equipment3. . *1,639,556 *162 *10,098 *846 Other4 . 958,537 1,331 720 495 Expenditures for fishing, total. . 2,100,782 1,385 1,516 1,204 Trip-related expenditures . 816,423 1,319 619 468 Fishing equipment. . 242,697 735 330 139 Auxiliary equipment2 . *62,521 *161 *388 *36 Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ... Other4 . 206,720 1,074 193 119 Expenditures for hunting, total. . 2,280,422 501 4,548 4,311 Trip-related expenditures . 254,399 438 581 481 Hunting equipment. . 375,343 394 953 710 Auxiliary equipment2 . *73,771 *268 *276 *139 Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ... Other4 . 744,251 501 1,484 1,407 Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5 . *77,489 *304 *255 *40 OUT OF STATE Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . *434,841 *1,222 *356 *224 Trip-related expenditures . *280,396 *176 *1,592 *145 Equipment (fishing and hunting) . ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment2 . ... ... ... ... Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ... Other4 . *31,041 *482 *64 *16 Expenditures for fishing, total. . *199,702 *887 *225 *114 Trip-related expenditures . *88,257 *166 *531 *51 Fishing equipment. . ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment2 . ... ... ... ... Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ... Other4 . ... ... ... ... Expenditures for hunting, total. . *235,139 *435 *541 *445 Trip-related expenditures . ... ... ... ... Hunting equipment. . ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment2 . ... ... ... ... Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ... Other4 . ... ... ... ... Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5 . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Auxiliary equipment includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 3 Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 4 Other equipment includes expenditures for magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings. 5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 33 Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Number Percent Total participants . 3,199 100 Away from home. . 958 30 Observe wildlife. . 950 30 Photograph wildlife. . *608 *19 Feed wildlife. . *252 *8 Around the home. . 2,865 90 Observe wildlife. . 1,693 53 Photograph wildlife. . 1,686 53 Feed wildlife. . 2,259 71 Visit parks or natural areas1. . *402 *13 Maintain plantings or natural areas. . *337 *11 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Michigan: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants, trips, and days of participation Activity in Michigan Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent PARTICIPANTS Total participants . 958 100 *790 *100 *168 *100 Observe wildlife. . 950 99 *790 *100 *160 *95 Photograph wildlife. . *608 *64 *507 *64 *101 *60 Feed wildlife. . *252 *26 ... ... ... ... TRIPS Total Trips. . 9,611 100 *9,226 *100 *385 *100 Average days per trip . 1 (X) *1 (X) *2 (X) DAYS Total days. . 10,343 100 *9,498 *100 *845 *100 Observing wildlife . 9,037 87 *8,554 *90 *484 *57 Photographing wildlife. . *5,281 *51 *4,912 *52 ... ... Feeding wildlife . *2,415 *23 ... ... ... ... Average days per participant. . 11 (X) *12 (X) *5 (X) Observing wildlife . 10 (X) *11 (X) *3 (X) Photographing wildlife. . *9 (X) *10 (X) ... (X) Feeding wildlife . *10 (X) ... (X) ... (X) * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 34 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Michigan: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total all wildlife. . 958 100 *790 *82 *168 *18 Total birds. . 826 100 *674 *82 *152 *18 Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.). . 604 100 *469 *78 *135 *22 Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.) . 652 100 *536 *82 *116 *18 Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swans, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 100 *373 *77 *113 *23 Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.). . *407 *100 *332 *81 *75 *19 Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.). . *346 *100 *305 *88 ... ... Total land mammals. . *621 *100 *522 *84 *99 *16 Large land mammals (bears, bison, elk, etc.). . *577 *100 *492 *85 ... ... Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.). . *395 *100 *334 *85 ... ... Fish (salmon, sharks, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *232 *100 ... ... ... ... Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.) . ... ... ... ... ... ... Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.) . *397 *100 *325 *82 ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Michigan: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Around the home Participants Number Percent Total around-the-home participants. . 2,865 100 Observe wildlife. . 1,693 59 Visit parks and natural areas1 . *402 *14 Photograph wildlife. . 1,686 59 Feed wildlife. . 2,259 79 Maintain natural areas. . *248 *9 Maintain plantings . *239 *8 Participants Observing Wildlife Total, all wildlife. . 1,693 100 Birds. . 1,568 93 Land mammals. . 1,426 84 Large mammals. . 920 54 Small mammals. . 1,202 71 Amphibians or reptiles . *466 *28 Insects or spiders. . *523 *31 Fish and other wildlife . *271 *16 Total, 1 day or more . 1,693 100 1 to 10 days. . ... ... 11 to 50 days. . *554 *33 51 to 200 days. . *405 *24 201 days or more. . *505 *30 Participants Visiting Parks or Natural Areas1 Total, 1 day or more . *402 *100 1 to 5 days. . ... ... 6 to 10 days. . ... ... 11 days or more. . ... ... Participants Photographing Wildlife Total, 1 day or more . 1,686 100 1 to 3 days. . *610 *36 4 to 10 days. . *631 *37 11 or more days. . *381 *23 Participants Feeding Wildlife Total, all wildlife. . 2,259 100 Wild birds. . 2,223 98 Other wildlife. . *631 *28 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 35 Table 28. Michigan Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Number Percent of participants Percent of population Total participants . 3,067 100 39 Away from home. . 855 28 11 Around the home. . 2,865 93 37 Observe wildlife. . 1,693 55 22 Photograph wildlife. . 1,686 55 22 Feed wild birds or other wildlife. . 2,259 74 29 Maintain plantings or natural areas. . *337 *11 *4 Visit parks or natural areas1. . *402 *13 *5 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching. Table 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Observers and days of observation Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent OBSERVERS Total bird observers. . 2,015 100 1,871 100 *144 *100 Around-the-home observers. . 1,568 78 1,568 84 (X) (X) Away-from-home observers. . 818 41 *674 *36 *144 *100 DAYS Total days observing birds. . . . . . . . . . . . . 212,193 100 211,708 100 *486 *100 Around the home. . 204,296 96 204,296 96 (X) (X) Away from home. . 7,897 4 *7,411 *4 *486 *100 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 36 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 30. Selected Characteristics of Michigan Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Characteristic Population Participants Total Away from home Around the home Number Percent Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent Number Percent who par-ticipated Percent Total persons. . 7,787 100 3,067 39 100 855 11 100 2,865 37 100 Population Density of Residence Urban. . 5,647 73 1,854 33 60 *640 *11 *75 1,697 30 59 Rural. . 2,140 27 1,213 57 40 *215 *10 *25 1,168 55 41 Population Size of Residence Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). . 7,237 93 2,613 36 85 776 11 91 2,412 33 84 1,000,000 or more. . 2,897 37 972 34 32 *316 *11 *37 816 28 28 250,000 to 999,999. . 2,310 30 1,024 44 33 ... ... ... 1,015 44 35 50,000 to 249,999. . 2,030 26 617 30 20 *270 *13 *32 *580 *29 *20 Outside MSA. . 551 7 *454 *82 *15 ... ... ... *454 *82 *16 Sex Male . 3,427 44 1,316 38 43 *516 *15 *60 1,170 34 41 Female. . 4,361 56 1,751 40 57 *339 *8 *40 1,696 39 59 Age 16 to 17 years. . *261 *3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 to 24 years. . 884 11 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 to 34 years. . 1,119 14 *378 *34 *12 ... ... ... *315 *28 *11 35 to 44 years. . 1,214 16 *393 *32 *13 ... ... ... *366 *30 *13 45 to 54 years. . 1,568 20 *470 *30 *15 ... ... ... *414 *26 *14 55 to 64 years. . 1,539 20 942 61 31 ... ... ... 942 61 33 65 years and older. . 1,203 15 *809 *67 *26 ... ... ... *772 *64 *27 65 to 74 years. . 647 8 *440 *68 *14 ... ... ... *440 *68 *15 75 and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 7 *369 *66 *12 ... ... ... *331 *60 *12 Ethnicity Hispanic . *435 *6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Non-Hispanic . 7,352 94 2,902 39 95 702 10 82 2,700 37 94 Race White. . 6,640 85 2,927 44 95 788 12 92 2,726 41 95 African American. . 759 10 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... All others. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Annual Household Income Less than $20,000. . 541 7 *188 *35 *6 ... ... ... *188 *35 *7 $20,000 to $29,999. . 1,083 14 *224 *21 *7 ... ... ... *197 *18 *7 $30,000 to $39,999. . 604 8 *248 *41 *8 ... ... ... *248 *41 *9 $40,000 to $49,999. . 615 8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $50,000 to $74,999. . 880 11 *873 *99 *28 ... ... ... *808 *92 *28 $75,000 to $99,999. . 1,308 17 *354 *27 *12 ... ... ... *318 *24 *11 $100,000 to $149,999. . 640 8 *354 *55 *12 ... ... ... *354 *55 *12 $150,000 or more. . 501 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Not reported . 1,615 21 *532 *33 *17 ... ... ... *495 *31 *17 Education 11 years or less. . 588 8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 years. . 2,978 38 1,130 38 37 ... ... ... 1,057 35 37 1 to 3 years of college. . 2,289 29 749 33 24 *434 *19 *51 *666 *29 *23 4 years or more of college . 1,933 25 1,078 56 35 *233 *12 *27 1,051 54 37 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 37 Table 31. Expenditures in Michigan by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) Average per participant (dollars)1 Spenders Number (thousands) Percent of wildlife-watching participants2 Average per spender (dollars)1 Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,220,816 369 2,795 87 437 TRIP EXPENDITURES Total, trip-related . 416,562 425 965 101 432 Food and lodging . 233,162 243 816 85 286 Food . 164,252 172 813 85 202 Lodging. . *68,910 *72 *311 *32 *222 Transportation. . 151,611 149 927 97 164 Other trip costs3. . *31,789 *33 *463 *48 *69 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total. . 804,254 241 2,372 74 339 Wildlife-watching equipment, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428,805 131 2,152 67 199 Binoculars, spotting scopes. . ... ... ... ... ... Film and photo processing. . ... ... ... ... ... Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic equipment, including memory cards. . *77,159 *24 *441 *14 *175 Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. . ... ... ... ... ... Bird food. . 241,538 75 1,783 56 135 Food for other wildlife. . *22,328 *7 *304 *9 *73 Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. . 31,983 *9 592 18 54 Other equipment (including field guides). . ... ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment4 . ... ... ... ... ... Special equipment5. . ... ... ... ... ... Magazines, books, and DVDs. . *11,800 *4 *384 *12 *31 Membership dues and contributions. . *18,783 *6 *329 *10 *57 Land leasing and ownership. . ... ... ... ... ... Plantings. . *10,486 *3 *230 *7 *46 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. 3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 38 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Michigan for Wildlife Watching by Michigan Residents and Nonresidents: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per participant (dollars)1 STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Total. . 1,079,265 2,625 411 332 Food and lodging . 233,162 816 286 243 Transportation. . 151,611 927 164 149 Other trip costs2. . *31,789 *463 *69 *33 Equipment3. . 662,703 2,201 301 205 STATE RESIDENTS Total. . 990,307 2,405 412 324 Food and lodging . *174,328 *671 *260 *221 Transportation. . *132,015 *759 *174 *155 Other trip costs2. . *29,851 *373 *80 *38 Equipment3. . 654,112 2,133 307 216 NONRESIDENTS Total. . *88,958 *220 *404 *482 Food and lodging . *58,834 *145 *406 *351 Transportation. . *19,595 *168 *117 *117 Other trip costs2. . ... ... ... ... Equipment3. . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 3 Includes wildlife-watching auxiliary and special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for detailed listed of expenditure items. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 39 Table 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Michigan by Michigan Residents: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) Average per participant (dollars)1 Spenders Number (thousands) Percent of wildlife-watching participants2 Average per spender (dollars)1 Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,231,400 401 2,572 84 479 TRIP EXPENDITURES Total, trip-related . *390,960 *457 *806 *94 *485 Food and lodging . *190,834 *223 *707 *83 *270 Food . *137,152 *160 *707 *83 *194 Lodging. . ... ... ... ... ... Transportation. . *161,992 *189 *768 *90 *211 Other trip costs3. . *38,134 *45 *423 *49 *90 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total. . 840,440 274 2,337 76 360 Wildlife-watching equipment, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469,392 153 2,091 68 224 Binoculars, spotting scopes. . ... ... ... ... ... Film and photo processing. . ... ... ... ... ... Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic equipment, including memory cards. . *109,331 *36 *452 *15 *242 Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. . ... ... ... ... ... Bird food. . 238,791 78 1,771 58 135 Food for other wildlife. . *21,874 *7 *281 *9 *78 Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. . *28,268 *9 *557 *18 *51 Other equipment. . ... ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment4 . ... ... ... ... ... Special equipment5. . ... ... ... ... ... Magazines, books, and DVDs. . *24,722 *8 *433 *14 *57 Membership dues and contributions. . *23,563 *8 *338 *11 *70 Land leasing and ownership. . ... ... ... ... ... Plantings. . *10,486 *3 *230 *8 *46 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. 3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 40 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Table 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Michigan Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older) Expenditure Item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars)1 Average per participant (dollars)1 IN MICHIGAN Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,106,692 2,556 433 365 Trip-related expenditures3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *336,195 *797 *422 *426 Wildlife-watching equipment4 . 420,214 2,084 202 139 Auxiliary equipment5 . ... ... ... ... Special equipment6. . ... ... ... ... Other7 . 116,384 732 159 38 OUT OF STATE Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *101,889 *184 *553 ... Trip-related expenditures3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Wildlife-watching equipment4 . ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment5 . ... ... ... ... Special equipment6. . ... ... ... ... Other7 . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Information on trip-related expenditures was collected for away-from-home participants only. Equipment and other expenditures are based on information collected from both away-from-home and around-the-home participants. 3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 4 Includes binoculars, spotting scopes, cameras, special lenses, videocameras, other photography equipment, memory cards, film and photo processing, commercially prepared and packaged wild bird food, other bulk food used to feed wild birds, food used to feed other wildlife, nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, baths, and other wildife-watching equipment. 5 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 6 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 7 Includes magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, and land leasing and ownership. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Table 35. Participation of Michigan Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Total wildlife watchers Wildife-watching activity Away from home Around the home Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total participants . 3,067 100 855 100 2,865 100 Wildlife-watching participants who: Did not fish or hunt. . 2,073 68 368 43 1,981 69 Fished or hunted. . 994 32 487 57 884 31 Fished. . 946 31 *474 *55 836 29 Hunted. . 326 11 *175 *20 295 10 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 41 Table 36. Participation of Michigan Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons Sportspersons Anglers Hunters Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total sportspersons. . 1,636 100 1,465 100 507 100 Sportspersons who: Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities. . 642 39 520 35 *182 *36 Engaged in wildlife-watching activities. . 994 61 946 65 326 64 Away from home. . 487 30 *474 *32 *175 *34 Around the home. . 884 54 836 57 295 58 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. State reports for previous Surveys included tables that had estimates for all fifty states. In order to expedite release of the 2011 Michigan State report, state estimates have been deleted. To find state estimates other than Michigan, go to http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov/Subpages/NationalSurvey/reports2011.html. State reports are being released alphabetically, beginning in early 2013. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 43 Appendix A 44 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau Annual household income—Total 2011 income of household members before taxes and other deductions. Around-the-home wildlife watching—Activity within 1 mile of home with one of six primary purposes: (1) taking special interest in or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least one-quarter acre for the benefit of wildlife; (5) maintaining plantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the benefit of wildlife; and (6) visiting parks and natural areas to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife. Auxiliary equipment—Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. For the sportspersons section, these include sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, and processing and taxidermy costs. For the wildlife-watching section, these include tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking and other camping equipment, and blinds. For both sportspersons and wildlife watchers, it also includes electronic auxiliary equipment such as Global Positioning Systems. Away-from-home wildlife watching— Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquar-iums, and museums are not included. Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals that are hunted. Census Divisions East North Central Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin East South Central Alabama Kentucky Mississippi Tennessee Middle Atlantic New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Mountain Arizona Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Utah Wyoming New England Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Pacific Alaska California Hawaii Oregon Washington South Atlantic Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia West North Central Kansas Iowa Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Day—Any part of a day spent partici-pating in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted two hours one day and three hours another day, it would be reported as two days of hunting. If someone hunted two hours in the morning and three hours in the after-noon of the same day, it would be considered one day of hunting. Education—The highest completed grade of school or year of college. Expenditures—Money spent in 2011 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States, wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States, and other items. The “other items” were books, magazines, and DVDs; membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning; hunting and fishing licenses; and plant-ings, all for the purpose of wildlife-related recreation. Expenditures included both money spent by partici-pants for themselves and the value of gifts they received. Appendix A. Definitions U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Michigan 45 Fishing—The sport of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellfish (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of fish, unless the fish are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is fishing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as fishing. Fishing equipment—Items owned primarily for fishing: Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components Lines and leaders Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits Tackle boxes Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices Ice fishing equipment Other fishing equipment Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams. Great Lakes fishing—Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Mary’s River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes fishing includes fishing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon. Home—The starting point of a wild-life- related recreational trip. It may be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin. Hunting—The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with fire-arms or archery equipment. Hunting equipment—Items owned primarily for hunting: Rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and handguns Archery equipment Telescopic sights Decoys and game calls Ammunition Hand loading equipment Hunting dogs and associated costs Other hunting equipment Land leasing and owning—Leasing or owning land either singly or in cooperation with others for the primary purpose of fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching on it. Maintain natural areas—To set aside 1/4 acre or more of natural environ-ment, such as wood lots or open fields, for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife. Maintain plantings—To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)—A Metropolitan Statis-tical Area is a grouping of one or more counties or equiv |
Date created | 2013-06-11 |
Date modified | 2013-06-11 |
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