Birds of conservation concern 2008

              BIRDS OF

CONSERVATION CONCERN

2008

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Division of Migratory Bird Management

Arlington, Virginia

December 2008

BIRDS OF CONSERVATION CONCERN 2008

Prepared by

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Division of Migratory Bird Management

Arlington, Virginia

Suggested citation:

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2008. Birds of Conservation Concern 2008. United States

Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management,

Arlington, Virginia. 85 pp. [Online version available at <http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/>]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................. i

LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................. ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iv

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1

BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................3

Why Did We Create Lists at Different Geographic Scales?................................................3

Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs).........................................................................3

USFWS Regions ......................................................................................................4

National....................................................................................................................4

What Bird Species Did We Consider?.................................................................................5

What Sources of Information Did We Use? ........................................................................5

PIF Assessment Scores ............................................................................................5

USSCP Assessment Scores......................................................................................6

NAWCP Assessment Scores....................................................................................6

What Selection Criteria Did We Use for Birds of Conservation Concern 2008 Lists?.......7

BCR Criteria ............................................................................................................7

USFWS Region Criteria ..........................................................................................9

National Criteria ......................................................................................................9

THE BIRDS OF CONSERVATION CONCERN 2008 LISTS .......................................................10

BCR Lists..........................................................................................................................10

USFWS Region Lists.........................................................................................................10

National List ......................................................................................................................11

DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................................11

LITERATURE CITED ..................................................................................................................13

APPENDIX A ...............................................................................................................................17

Figure 1 ..............................................................................................................................18

Tables 1-48 ........................................................................................................................19

APPENDIX B ...............................................................................................................................68

APPENDIX C ...............................................................................................................................81

LIST OF ACRONYMS

AI Area Importance (an assessment factor)

ABC American Bird Conservancy

BBS Breeding Bird Survey

BCC Birds of Conservation Concern

BCR Bird Conservation Region

BD Breeding Distribution

CCS Continental Combined Score

DPS Distinct Population Segment

ESA Endangered Species Act

FWCA Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act

MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act

NABCI North American Bird Conservation Initiative

NAWCP North American Waterbird Conservation Plan

ND Non-breeding Distribution

NWR National Wildlife Refuge

PIF Partners in Flight

PS Population Size

PT Population Trend

RD Relative Density

TB Threats in the Breeding Season

TN Threats in the Non-breeding season

USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

USSCP United States Shorebird Conservation Plan

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The 1988 amendment to the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act mandates the U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service (USFWS) to “identify species, subspecies, and populations of all migratory

nongame birds that, without additional conservation actions, are likely to become candidates for

listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973.” Birds of Conservation Concern 2008

(BCC 2008) is the most recent effort to carry out this mandate. The overall goal of this report is

to accurately identify the migratory and non-migratory bird species (beyond those already

designated as federally threatened or endangered) that represent our highest conservation

priorities. The geographic scope of this endeavor is the United States in its entirety, including

island "territories" in the Pacific and Caribbean. BCC 2008 encompasses three distinct

geographic scales—North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI) Bird Conservation

Regions (BCRs), USFWS Regions, and National—and is primarily derived from assessment

scores from three major bird conservation plans: the Partners in Flight North American Landbird

Conservation Plan, the United States Shorebird Conservation Plan, and the North American

Waterbird Conservation Plan.

Bird species considered for inclusion on lists in this report include nongame birds, gamebirds

without hunting seasons, subsistence-hunted nongame birds in Alaska; and Endangered Species

Act candidate, proposed endangered or threatened, and recently delisted species. Assessment

scores from all three bird conservation plans are based on several factors, including population

trends, threats, distribution, abundance, and relative density. These assessment scores serve as

the foundation on which we built the BCC 2008 lists. Although the different bird conservation

plans use somewhat different methods for determining the highest priority species, the scores

from each represent true conservation priorities for each of the three species groups (landbirds,

shorebirds, and waterbirds). We therefore view the conservation priorities within each plan as

approximately equivalent. After creating BCR lists, we developed specific criteria for including

species on USFWS Region and National lists. The various BCR lists contain 10 to 53 species,

USFWS Region lists contain 27 to 78 species, and the National list contains 147 species. On

average, priority species make up about 10 to 15 percent of the native bird species in any given

geographic unit.

While all of the bird species included in BCC 2008 are priorities for conservation action, this list

makes no finding with regard to whether they warrant consideration for ESA listing. Our goal is

to prevent or remove the need for additional ESA bird listings by implementing proactive

management and conservation actions. We recommend that these lists be consulted in

accordance with Executive Order 13186, “Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect

Migratory Birds.” This report should also be used to develop research, monitoring, and

management initiatives. BCC 2008 is intended to stimulate coordinated and collaborative

proactive conservation actions among Federal, State, Tribal, and private partners. We hope that,

by focusing attention on these highest-priority species, this report will promote greater study and

protection of the habitats and ecological communities upon which these species depend, thereby

contributing to healthy avian populations and communities.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This document was the result of close collaboration between staff in all regions of the U.S. Fish

and Wildlife Service’s Migratory Bird Program. The primary collaborators were Mila Plavsic,

Jeff Shenot, and Marie Strassburger (Region 9); the initiative coordinators, Brad Andres (U.S.

Shorebird Conservation Plan; USSCP), Jennifer Wheeler (North American Waterbird

Conservation Plan; NAWCP) and Terry Rich (Partners in Flight; PIF); and the Regional

Coordinators: Tara Zimmerman, Mike Green, Nanette Seto, Sue Thomas, and Maura Naughton

(Region 1), Bill Howe and Dave Krueper (Region 2), Steve Lewis, Tom Will, and Bob Russell

(Region 3), Dean Demarest, Chuck Hunter, Jaime Collazo, and Stefani Melvin (Region 4),

Randy Dettmers (Region 5), Stephanie Jones, Suzanne Fellows, and Kevin Kritz (Region 6),

Kent Wohl, Steve Matsuoka, and Richard Lanctot (Region 7). All were involved in developing

selection criteria, compiling and finalizing BCR and USFWS Region lists, and reviewing and

commenting on several drafts of this report.

The basis of this list is the work that many people have done to reach true avian priorities, and

we have based this document on their work. We are particularly grateful for all of the work the

initiatives (USSCP, NAWCP, and PIF) have done completing prioritization scores and methods.

We thank Arvind Panjabi (Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory) for making available the PIF

database and for responding to our many questions.

This edition of the BCC 2008 is dedicated to John L. Trapp, who retired from USFWS in 2007

after 33 years of outstanding contributions to bird conservation. John had an extensive

ornithological knowledge and passion for birds, and he oversaw almost all of the previous

editions of the Birds of Conservation Concern.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this document is to identify migratory and non-migratory birds of the United

States and its territories that are of conservation concern so as to stimulate coordinated and

proactive conservation actions among Federal, State, Tribal, and private partners. The

conservation concerns may be the result of population declines, naturally or human-caused small

ranges or population sizes, threats to habitat, or other factors. The primary statutory authority

for Birds of Conservation Concern 2008 (BCC 2008) is the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act

of 1980 (FWCA), as amended; other authorities include the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of

1973, the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, and 16 U.S.C. § 701. The 1988 amendment (Public

Law 100-653, Title VIII) to the FWCA requires the Secretary of the Interior, through the United

States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), to “identify species, subspecies, and populations of

all migratory nongame birds that, without additional conservation actions, are likely to become

candidates for listing under the Endangered Species Act of 1973.” BCC 2008 is the most recent

effort by the USFWS to carry out this proactive conservation mandate and update Birds of

Conservation Concern 2002 (USFWS 2002). The overall goal of this report is to accurately

identify those species (beyond those already federally listed as threatened or endangered) in

greatest need of conservation action at three different geographic scales.

A primary goal of the USFWS is to conserve avian diversity in North America (USFWS 1990,

2004). This goal includes reducing or removing threats that may necessitate that a species be

considered for listing under the ESA. The Birds of Conservation Concern are largely a subset of

a larger list known as the Birds of Management Concern (BMC). The BMC is a subset of all

species protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA, see 50 CFR 10.13), and includes

those which pose special management challenges due to a variety of factors (e.g., too few, too

many, conflicts with human interests, or societal demands) (USFWS 2004). The BMC includes

both game birds below their desired condition and nongame birds. As indicated in its strategic

plan (USFWS 2004), the Migratory Bird Program places priority emphasis on these birds in its

activities.

The philosophy underlying this report is that proactive bird conservation is necessary at a time

when human impacts are at an all-time high. We strongly believe that a well-designed program

that addresses resource-management issues up front will prevent or remove the need to consider

listing species as threatened or endangered, and will promote and conserve long-term avian

diversity in the United States. In addition, proactive conservation clearly is more cost-effective

than the extensive recovery efforts required once a species is federally listed under the ESA.

Our intent is for BCC 2008 to stimulate coordinated efforts to develop and implement

comprehensive and integrated approaches for the study, management, and protection of “non-

ESA listed” bird species deemed to be in the most need of additional conservation actions. It

should also be noted that, while the inclusion of native species not listed under the MBTA is

beyond the scope of the FWCA, the USFWS has an incentive to encourage proactive

management of these species by State agencies and other partners to prevent the need for listing

them as endangered or threatened.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2

Bird species assemblages, guilds, or communities have recently been promoted as indicators of

ecological integrity in a variety of habitats (Bradford et al. 1998, O’Connell et al. 2000,

Canterbury et al. 2000, Venier and Pearce 2007), and at-risk bird species are good measures of

ecosystem threats (Beissinger et al. 1996). Setting priorities in conservation is crucial because

resources are limited. Many systems for setting wildlife-conservation priorities have been

proposed. Some have focused heavily on identifying and quantifying threats to endangered or

rare species (Master 1991, Wilcove et al. 1998). Others have focused on highlighting species

that deserve attention due to threats to their populations, widespread or long-term declines, or

low potential for population recovery (Millsap et al. 1990). The Canadian Wildlife Service

developed a priority ranking system that focuses on conservation concerns and agency

responsibilities to assist in setting conservation priorities for landbird species (Dunn 1997, Dunn

et al. 1999). The mandate of the 1988 FWCA amendment requires a more proactive approach.

BCC 2008 uses current conservation assessment scores from three bird conservation plans:

Partners in Flight North American Landbird Conservation Plan (PIF; Rich et al. 2004), the

United States Shorebird Conservation Plan (USSCP; Brown et al. 2001, USSCP 2004), and the

North American Waterbird Conservation Plan (NAWCP, Kushlan et al. 2002). Waterfowl game

species covered by the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (Canadian Wildlife

Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Secretario de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales,

2004) are specifically excluded from the BCC list in accordance with the FWCA of 1980.

Species in need of additional conservation attention are identified at three distinct geographic

scales: North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI) Bird Conservation Regions

(BCRs; U.S. NABCI Committee 2000a, 2000b, 2000c), USFWS Regions, and National.

Assessment scores are based on several parameters including population trend, threats,

distribution, abundance, and the importance of an area to a species. Partners in Flight, a

coalition of Federal and State government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private

interests, developed species assessment scores out of concern for the sharp declines in many

North American landbirds (Rich et al. 2004). The PIF approach (Carter et al. 2000, Rich et al.

2004) has been peer-reviewed by an independent body of avian biologists (Beissinger et al.

2000). Similar coalitions have prepared and reviewed conservation assessment scores for

shorebirds at the National scale (Brown et al. 2000, USSCP 2004), and in step-down regional

shorebird conservation plans (see http://www.fws.gov/shorebirdplan) and for waterbirds at the

continental scale (Kushlan et al. 2002) and in step-down regional waterbird conservation plans

(see http://www.waterbirdconservation.org). Additionally, we found it necessary to develop

conservation assessment scores for species not yet evaluated by any of the bird conservation

plans, such as Pacific Island birds. Taken together, these assessment scores can be used to

develop a comprehensive set of integrated bird conservation priorities; this represents a unique

conservation effort unmatched in any other major group of organisms in North America.

BACKGROUND

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 3

Why Did We Create Lists at Different Geographic Scales?

Listing birds of conservation concern at three geographic scales maximizes the utility of the lists

for a variety of partner agencies and organizations. The different geographic scales, from

smallest to largest, are as follows:

Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs). We have adopted BCRs as the smallest of our geographic

scales. BCRs have been endorsed by the North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI,

U.S. NABCI Committee 2000a, 2000b, 2000c) as the basic units within which all-bird

conservation efforts will be planned and evaluated (Fig. 1). The NABCI is an endeavor to

increase the effectiveness of bird conservation at the continental level and currently includes the

United States, Canada, and Mexico. Its goal is to deliver “the full spectrum of bird conservation

through regionally based, biologically driven, landscape-oriented partnerships” (U.S. NABCI

Committee 2000a). A published map of BCRs and accompanying written descriptions of each

are available (U.S. NABCI Committee 2000b, 2000c). The BCR lists will be most useful to

Federal land-managing agencies and their partners in their efforts to abide by the bird

conservation principles embodied in the MBTA and Executive Order 13186, “Responsibilities of

Federal agencies to protect migratory birds” (Clinton 2001). The NABCI has recognized 35

BCRs that cover the contiguous 48 States, Alaska, and Hawaii, numbered 1 to 5, 9 to 37, and 67

(Hawaii) (U.S. NABCI Committee 2000a, 2000b, 2000c, http://www.nabci-us.org/bcrs.html).

For purposes of this report, we created two additional BCRs to encompass island “territories” of

the United States,1 “Other U.S. Pacific Islands” (i.e., excluding Hawaii) and “U.S. Caribbean

Islands.” In the BCC 2002 report, these two BCRs were referred to as BCR 68 for the Pacific

Ocean and BCR 69 for the Caribbean, but those designations were changed for BCC 2008

because NAWCP uses those numbers to refer to marine areas (“pelagic” BCRs). Although BCC

1 Island "territories" and other affiliations of the United States considered in this

document include (a) American Samoa—an unincorporated and unorganized territory; (b) Baker

Island—an unincorporated territory administered by the USFWS as a National Wildlife Refuge

(NWR); (c) Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands—aligned through a covenant of

"political union"; (d) Guam—an unincorporated organized territory; (e) Howland Island—an

unincorporated territory administered by the USFWS as a NWR; (f) Jarvis Island—an

unincorporated territory administered by the USFWS as a NWR; (g) Johnston Atoll—an

unincorporated and unorganized territory under joint operational control of the Department of

Defense and USFWS (and administered as a NWR); (h) Kingman Reef—an unincorporated

territory administered by the USFWS as a NWR; (i) Midway Atoll—an unincorporated territory

administered by the USFWS as a NWR; (j) Navassa Island—administered by the USFWS as a

NWR; (k) Palmyra Atoll—an incorporated territory that is partially privately owned and partially

administered by USFWS as an NWR; (l) Commonwealth of Puerto Rico—a commonwealth; (m)

U.S. Virgin Islands—an unincorporated organized territory; and (n) Wake Island—an

unincorporated territory administered by the Department of the Interior (Central Intelligence

Agency 2001).

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4

2008 does not adopt the pelagic BCR system, it recognizes that some BCC species occur in the

U.S. primarily or only at sea. These species are listed under the adjacent terrestrial BCR. Thus,

there are 37 BCR lists of priority species.

USFWS Regions. BCC lists are presented in this document for 8 USFWS Regions.2 The

USFWS Region lists will be useful to USFWS administrators and biologists, other Federal and

State agencies within a Region, and their partners and cooperators.

National. The National list encompasses the United States in its entirety, including island

"territories" in the Caribbean and the Pacific. The National list should be viewed as a barometer

of the status of U.S. bird populations, providing an "early warning" of birds that may decline to

levels requiring ESA protection unless additional conservation measures are taken. The National

list will be most useful as an outreach tool for educating the public about the precarious status of

bird species in the U.S. It will also be useful for National bird conservation planning. The

National list should not be used to foster bird conservation at smaller geographic scales; that is

the purpose of the BCR and USFWS Region lists.

Although there are other lists of this nature, such as the National Audubon Society/American

Bird Conservancy 2007 WatchList (Butcher et al. 2007), BCC 2008 is the only list that meets

USFWS mandates for the conservation of migratory nongame birds. Conservation organizations

create lists of concern that reflect their unique missions, and it is important to keep this in mind

when comparing lists. With regard to birds, the USFWS focuses on its trust responsibilities as

defined by the Code of Federal Regulations, which excludes, for example, gallinaceous birds

(resident game birds) unless they are listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered

Species Act (ESA). Similarly, the Birds of Conservation Concern, as mandated by

Congressional legislation, excludes birds regulated as hunted species and birds listed under the

ESA. Nongovernmental organizations like American Bird Conservancy (ABC) or National

Audubon are not limited by these legal distinctions, and as a result they can provide lists that are

more inclusive. The USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern, the ABC/Audubon Watch List, and

a number of other lists share a common base: they are all reliant on the conservation assessments

of the major bird partner initiatives and the surveys upon which those initiative assessments are

grounded. National Audubon, American Bird Conservancy, and the USFWS are all partners,

among others, in participating in the assessments of those initiatives.

2 The Pacific Region (Region 1) includes Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, and the Pacific Islands.

The Southwest Region (Region 2) includes Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. The Great Lakes-Big

Rivers Region (Region 3) includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.

The Southeast Region (Region 4) includes Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,

North Carolina, Puerto Rico/Virgin Islands, South Carolina, and Tennessee. The Northeast Region (Region 5)

includes Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,

Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Mountain-Prairie Region (Region 6)

includes Colorado, Kansas, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming.

The Alaska Region (Region 7) consists of the state of Alaska. The California and Nevada Region (Region 8)

consists of the states of California and Nevada.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 5

What Bird Species Did We Consider?

The various species groups considered for inclusion in BCC 2008 are described in Table 1 and

include nongame birds; gamebirds without hunting seasons; subsistence-hunted nongame birds

in Alaska; and Endangered Species Act candidate, proposed endangered or threatened, and

recently delisted species. The major groups of species not considered in this assessment are (1)

migratory gamebirds for which hunting regulations are established (i.e., cooperatively managed

by Federal-State flyway councils); (2) species that are peripheral to the U.S. (i.e., population

fragments within U.S. jurisdiction are too small to be managed capably); (3) species, subspecies,

and populations of federally-endangered or -threatened birds (i.e., those subject to the provisions

of the ESA); (4) resident gamebirds (i.e., managed by State wildlife agencies), unless listed as a

federal ESA candidate; and (5) non-native species.

Because the assessments of the three bird conservation initiatives that we use here are all

species-based, assessment scores were available only for full species. However, where

appropriate, subspecies and populations are included in this assessment based on geographic

range, federal candidate status, or available local data. Such subspecies and populations are

noted on lists at all three geographic scales.

In the spirit of all-bird conservation, we include native species not specifically covered by the

MBTA when they are deemed to be conservation priorities, as long as they are not part of one

the groups excluded from consideration (see above). To avoid confusion, we clearly

differentiate between those species that are and are not protected by the MBTA. A list of species

protected by the MBTA is found in Title 50, Part 10, of the Code of Federal Regulations.

What Sources of Information Did We Use?

The methods used to assess and prioritize species differ between PIF, the USSCP, and the

NAWCP. These differences relate to geographic scope, factor thresholds, and treatment of

uncertainty. Although the methods for determining the highest-priority species are somewhat

different among the different initiatives, scoring reflects state-of-the-art conservation

assessments for each of the three species groups (landbirds, shorebirds, and waterbirds); we

therefore view the conservation priorities within the three conservation plans as approximately

equivalent.

PIF Assessment Scores. We used assessment scores from the PIF Species Assessment Database

(version 2005, with unpublished 2007 updates) housed at the Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory,

which we believe were the best available data at the time this report was prepared. In this

database a panel of bird species experts has assigned each landbird species in North America

scores ranging from 1 (lowest priority or degree of concern) to 5 (highest priority or degree of

concern) for each of six factors, assessing aspects of future vulnerability at the range-wide scale:

Population Size (PS), Breeding Distribution (BD), Non-breeding Distribution (ND), Threats in

the Breeding Season (TB), Threats in the Non-breeding season (TN), and Population Trend (PT)

(Panjabi et al. 2005). These factors are then used to calculate a Continental Combined Score

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 6

(CCS): PS + max(BD, ND) + max(TB, TN) + PT. The threats scores and the distribution scores

are highly correlated so PIF used this score rather than a simple total. Thus, CCS ranges from 4

for a widespread and increasing species which is expected to face even more favorable

conditions in the future, to 20 for a species of the very highest future conservation concern. The

CCS was used to develop the landbird portion of the National BCC list.

Partners in Flight also assesses species at the BCR level. That assessment includes two

additional criteria, Relative Density (RD) and Percent of Population, which reflect the

importance of a particular BCR to each species. The global scores for TB, TN, and PT are also

adjusted using BCR-specific data. These BCR scores informed the selection of landbirds for the

BCC 2008 BCR lists.

All of these factors are defined and discussed in detail in Panjabi et al. (2005). Both PIF

breeding and wintering (non-breeding) scores, where available, were used in assessing species

for inclusion in the BCC 2008 report. In consultation with experts, the USFWS prepared scores

for landbirds of Hawaii and Pacific island “territories” using the PIF process.

USSCP Assessment Scores. For shorebird species, we started with the updated assessment

scores from the USSCP (USSCP 2004), which were built on original plan assessments (Brown et

al. 2000, Brown et al. 2001). We incorporated new information on shorebird population trends

and sizes published by Morrison et al. (2006) and Bart et al. (2007). Information on population

sizes were ranked according to the PIF criteria. We also included updates in breeding and

nonbreeding threats provided by regional shorebird working groups. The USSCP assessment

process uses most of the same factor scores (with slightly different criteria) as PIF, but priorities

were derived using a categorical (rather than a summation) approach (Brown et al. 2001). A

prioritization protocol for shorebirds (in Brown et al. 2001) describes prioritization categories

and their relationship to factor scores.

NAWCP Assessment Scores. Like USSCP, the NAWCP assessment process also uses most of

the same factor scores (with slightly different criteria) as PIF and derives priorities using a

categorical approach (Kushlan et al. 2002). For all three scales used in the BCC, we referred to

the continental-scale assessment results documented in the NAWCP plan (Kushlan et al. 2002)

and subsequent analyses (i.e., for non-colonial waterbirds, documented at

http://www.waterbirdconservation.org), which we considered to be the best available data for

waterbirds and seabirds. For BCC 2008 BCR lists, we also referred to assessments in regional

waterbird conservation plans or documents that most closely resemble regional waterbird

conservation plans, where available (see www.waterbirdconservation.org.) These regional-scale

status assessments are, in general, based on the continental-scale assessment, though regional

planning groups made adjustments based on BCR-scale needs and values.

What Selection Criteria Did We Use For Birds of Conservation Concern 2008 Lists?

The following are the criteria used to select species for consideration and inclusion on BCR,

USFWS Region, and National lists. At each scale, USFWS expertise and discretion refined the

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 7

pool of species under consideration from the three bird conservation initiatives—as well as those

selected for priority lists—to comply with the FWCA amendment of 1988. The same criteria

were used for all subspecies and populations considered separately for inclusion.

There may be additions to the lists over the next several years. Newly designated Federal

candidate species, species proposed for listing, and species removed from the list of endangered

and threatened species will automatically be considered to be on the appropriate BCC list(s),

effective the day of their designation or delisting as published in the Federal Register.

General criteria (rule-sets) for placing species on any BCC list

1. Begin with list from appropriate bird conservation initiative.

2. Follow criteria below for appropriate bird groups (see Panjabi et al. 2005 for explanation of

terms).

3. Add non-breeding species if the species occurs at significant Relative Density scores and/or

has moderate or high threat levels (based on expert opinion or data) in non-breeding season, if

not already included due to breeding population (indicate with “nb”).

4. Consider subspecies and populations where appropriate and where information on their status

is available (e.g., Dickinson 2003).

5. Remove sport-hunted species (including their non-hunted populations) and federally-listed

threatened or endangered populations (retaining non-listed populations with notation).

6. Add any recently ESA de-listed, candidate, or proposed species not already included.

7. In very limited circumstances, add or remove species (and document rationale) when Service

expertise, supplemental information, or local data indicates a much greater or lesser degree of

concern than that reflected by bird conservation initiative scoring.

Criteria for placing species on BCR lists

LANDBIRD criteria for BCR lists (see Panjabi 2005 for explanation of terms):

1. Include species meeting the PIF criteria for Species of Regional Importance – Continental

Concern (U.S. and Canada), EXCEPT

a) if Regional Combined Score <15 and Action Code = “Planning and Responsibility”

b) in BCRs shared with Canada and Mexico, those with Relative Density >1 in the U.S.

portion of the BCR (consult state population data).

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 8

c) for species shared with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), remove species with

core ranges outside the U.S. and its territories if <1% of population or range-wide

distribution is in the U.S. and threats in LAC are low. However, if conservation action for

a species is warranted in the U.S. due to high threats in LAC, then it could be included in

the appropriate U.S. BCR lists.

2. Include species meeting the PIF criteria for Species of Regional Importance – Regional

Concern IF:

a) Regional Combined Score >15 and Action Code = “Critical Recovery” or “Immediate

Management”

b) Regional Combined Score > 17 and Action Code = “Management Attention”

3. Rank species in Hawaii and Pacific island territories using latest PIF criteria and above

criteria as appropriate.

SHOREBIRD criteria for BCR lists:

1. Include all species, subspecies, and populations meeting criteria for National BCC List if

>1% of taxon occurs anytime during annual cycle in the BCR (i.e., Relative Density >1 in

the BCR). The criteria for National BCC List are:

a) population is undergoing a strong decline (Population Trend = 5), regardless of

population size; OR

b) population is declining or stable (Population Trend = 4 or 3) and populations are small,

distributions are limited and threats are high (Population Size + Breeding Distribution +

Non-breeding Distribution + Threats to Breeding + Threats to Non-breeding ≥ 18).

WATERBIRD criteria for BCR lists:

1. Initially identify species of greatest concern from each BCR using the regional waterbird

conservation plans or similar documentation (e.g., Joint Venture implementation plans).

Depending on BCR-scale approaches, include species regionally assessed as High or

Highest/Highly Imperiled, as Tier I (if the PIF approach was used), or priority species for

BCR-scale partnership.

2. Remove species from BCR lists if U.S. populations are considered unmanageable (e.g.,

Relative Density <1).

3. Identify and retain only those species of greatest conservation concern, as some regional-plan

species lists were designed to maximize support for a wide range of conservation activities

by partners or identify species around which partnerships could operate.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 9

Criteria for placing species on USFWS Regional lists

1. Include species from the BCC BCR lists if the species has the equivalent of a RD >1 or a

manageable population in 50% or more of the BCRs in which it occurs within a USFWS

region.

Criteria for placing species on BCC National list

LANDBIRD criteria for National list:

1. Include all PIF “Continental Watchlist” (which includes the U.S. and Canada) species and

U.S. island territories’ species that meet PIF Continental Watchlist criteria EXCEPT,

a) species without manageable populations in the U.S. or its territories; however, if

conservation action is warranted in the U.S. due to high threats elsewhere, then such

species could be included;

b) species that are not listed on any BCC BCR list.

SHOREBIRD criteria for National list:

1. Include species (or subspecies/population designations where supported by USSCP

Conservation Assessment [2000] or more recent work) that meet any ONE of the following

criteria:

a) population is undergoing a strong decline (Population Trend = 5), regardless of

population size; OR

b) population is declining or unknown (Population Trend = 4 or 3) and populations are

small, distributions are limited and threats are high (Population Size + Breeding

Distribution + Non-breeding Distribution + Threats to Breeding + Threats to Non-breeding

≥ 18).

Scores have been revised and reflect the best science to date and are under review (Andres

unpubl.).

WATERBIRD criteria for National list:

1. Include species ranked “Highly Imperiled” in the NAWCP continental-scale assessment

unless not occurring on any BCR list.

2. Consider all species ranked “High” in the NAWCP continental-scale assessment (unless not

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 10

occurring on any BCR list) and include those with global population size (PS) factor score of

5, 4, 3 or 2. Populations at PS = 2 are included if they are at the lower end of the range in

this category (i.e., 69,200) and experiencing steep declines.

THE BIRDS OF CONSERVATION CONCERN 2008 LISTS

To maximize the usefulness of this report to multiple partners, the BCC 2008 lists are presented

in 46 separate tables, comprising 37 BCR lists (Tables 2 to 38), 8 USFWS Region lists (Tables

39 to 47) and 1 National list (Table 48). Summaries of the status of each species at each of the

three distinct geographic scales are provided in Appendix B, and a list of scientific names of all

species mentioned is found in Appendix C. The BCR lists range from 10 to 53 species, USFWS

Region lists range from 27 to 78 species, and the National list consists of 147 species. The

number of priority species represents roughly 10 to 15 percent of all bird species of any given

geographic unit.

BCR Lists

The number of species on individual BCR lists (Tables 2 to 38) ranges from 10 to 53, averaging

about 27. Lists are generally larger for BCRs in the southern United States, reflecting greater

species diversity at lower latitudes and the importance of these regions for wintering migrants.

Island birds are at increased risk of becoming endangered. Thus, the “Other U.S. Pacific

Islands” BCR and “U.S. Caribbean Islands” BCR have relatively high proportions of their native

species represented as birds of conservation concern. Roughly ten percent of the bird species

native to Hawaii (BCR 67) are identified as birds of conservation concern, but that region also

has a disproportionately large number of bird species listed as either endangered or threatened

under the ESA; combining birds of conservation concern with endangered or threatened species,

about 25 percent of the native Hawaiian avifauna is at risk.

USFWS Region Lists

The number of species on individual USFWS Region lists (Tables 39 to 47) ranges from 27 to

78, averaging about 50. Following the trend seen in BCRs, USFWS Region lists of priority

species are larger in the southern United States, although this is partially attributed by the

disparities in area covered by each of the Regions. The birds on the USFWS Region lists

generally represent about 10 percent of the species native to the respective Regions.

National List

The National list (Table 48) is comprised of 147 species, and includes disproportionately larger

numbers of species from the orders Procellariformes (albatrosses, petrels, shearwaters, and

storm-petrels), Charadriiformes (shorebirds, gulls, terns, and auks), and Piciformes

(woodpeckers). Within the Charadriiformes, the families Charadriidae (plovers),

Haematopodidae (oystercatchers), Scolopacidae (sandpipers), and Alcidae (murres, murrelets,

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 11

and auklets) are represented on the list by greater numbers of species than expected. Among the

Passeriformes—a large and diverse order of perching birds—the families Parulidae (wood-warblers)

and Emberizidae (sparrows) and the subfamily Drepanidinae (Hawaiian

honeycreepers) dominate the list in terms of both actual and relative numbers.

DISCUSSION

BCC 2008 is the latest update in a continuing effort to assess and prioritize bird species for

conservation purposes (USFWS 1982, 1987, 1995, 2002; and U.S. Department of the Interior

1990). It is difficult to make meaningful comparisons among the lists because of differences in

the way each succeeding report was prepared. In chronological order, these previous lists

contained 28, 30, 77, 124, and 131 species of conservation concern at a National scale in 1982,

1987, 1990, 1995, and 2002 respectively; by comparison, BCC 2008 includes 147 species at the

National scale.

Do these figures reflect an actual decline in the conservation status of the Nation's birdlife, or do

they merely reflect improvements in our ability to accurately identify and characterize species in

real need of conservation attention? The truth probably lies somewhere in between. The

preparation of prioritized species lists should be viewed as an evolving process, improving as our

knowledge base increases, with each list reflecting the best available information at the time of

its publication. The three bird conservation initiatives update their own assessments and scoring

as new data or analyses become available. The data from these initiatives—which form the basis

of BCC 2008—incorporate a great deal of input from many bird experts and have wide

acceptance among members of avian conservation and scientific communities. We are confident

that the methods used in BCC 2008 are the best available for identifying avian conservation

priorities as directed by the FWCA amendment of 1988.

Of the 131 species on the BCC 2002 National list, 103 were retained on the current 2008 list and

28 were deleted due to a lack of convincing evidence that continued elevated concern is

warranted. Forty-four species were added to the National list, resulting in a net gain of sixteen

species for a current total of 147 species.

Of the 211 species on the Audubon WatchList (Butcher et al. 2007) that are not also a)

endangered or threatened or b) hunted, 106 are on the BCC 2008 National list and an additional 8

are on USFWS Region or BCR lists.

The selection criteria that we used identified 10 to 15 percent of all species at each geographic

scale to be in need of additional conservation attention. Nongame migratory birds protected by

the MBTA, the primary focus of this effort, make up an overwhelming proportion of the species

on the BCC 2008 lists. However, the proportional representation of non-MBTA species

increases progressively at larger scales, reflecting the vulnerability of the island-endemic species

that form the bulk of this group. The proportional representation of ESA candidate species also

increases progressively at larger scales. ESA-delisted and ESA-proposed species make up a

progressively smaller proportion of the species at larger scales.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 12

BCC 2008 can be used as a barometer of the condition of our country’s avifauna. Although there

are general patterns that can be inferred from this report, there is no single reason why any

species was placed on any one of these lists; some are relatively common but are undergoing

sharp declines in population numbers, others are rare but may actually be increasing in numbers

in certain locations, and others may be both rare and declining. However, habitat loss due to

alteration or destruction continues to be the major reason for the declines of many species

(Askins et al. 1990, USFWS 1995, Samson et al. 1998, Askins 2000). Birds included in the BCC

2008 lists are deemed priorities for conservation actions, and the lists will be consulted for

actions taken on Federal lands in accordance with Executive Order 13186, “Responsibilities of

Federal agencies to protect migratory birds” (Clinton 2001). BCC species will also receive

priority attention in the USFWS when allocating research, monitoring, and management funding.

Our hope is that BCC 2008 will stimulate coordinated, collaborative proactive conservation

actions among Federal, State, and private partners.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 13

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conservation assessment: shorebird conservation status, conservation units, population estimates,

population targets, and species prioritization. Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences,

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conservation plan. 2nd edition. Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Manomet,

Massachusetts. 61 pp.

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communities and habitat as ecological indicators of forest condition in regional monitoring.

Conservation Biology 14:544-558.

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priorities for landbirds in the United States: the Partners in Flight approach. Auk 117:541-548.

<http://www.rmbo.org/pubs/downloads/pif.pdf>.

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11:3853-3856.

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edition. Princeton University Press. 1056 pp.

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landbirds. Canadian Wildlife Service Technical Report 293.

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landbirds based on concern and responsibility for species. Conservation Biology 13:1404-1415.

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Dickson, N. Edelson, R. Elliot, and others. 2002. Waterbird Conservation for the Americas: the

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Americas. Washington, DC.

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Biology 5:559-563.

Millsap, B. A., J. A. Gore, D. E. Runde, and S. I. Cerulean. 1990. Setting priorities for the

conservation of fish and wildlife species in Florida. Wildlife Monographs 111:1-57.

Morrison, R. I. G., B. J. McCaffery, R. E. Gill, S. K. Skagen, S. L. Jones, G. W. Page, C. L.

Gratto-Trevor, and B. A. Andres. 2006. Population estimates of North American shorebirds,

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O’Connell, T. J., L. E. Jackson, and R. P. Brooks. 2000. Bird guilds as indicators of ecological

condition in the central Appalachians. Ecological Applications 10:1706-1721.

Panjabi, A. O., E. H. Dunn, P. J. Blancher, W. C. Hunter, B. Altman, J. Bart, C. J. Beardmore, H.

Berlanga, G. S. Butcher, S. K. Davis, and others. 2005. The Partners in Flight handbook on

species assessment. Version 2005. Partners in Flight Technical Series No. 3.

<http://www.rmbo.org/pubs/downloads/Handbook2005.pdf>.

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W. Demarest, E. H. Dunn, W. C. Hunter, E. E. Iñigo-Elias, and others. 2004. Partners in Flight

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 15

North American Landbird Conservation Plan. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Ithaca, NY. Partners

in Flight website. < http://www.partnersinflight.org/cont_plan/>.

Samson, F. B., F. L. Knopf, and W. R. Ostlie. 1998. Grasslands. Pp. 437-472 in Status and

trends of the nation's biological resources. Volume 2 (M. J. Mac et al., eds.). U.S. Department

of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.

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the United States on the federal conservation of migratory nongame birds pursuant to Section 13

of Public Law 96-366, the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1980, as revised. U.S. Fish

and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 61 pp.

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decreasing population trends in the United States. Office of Migratory Bird Management,

Washington, D.C. 24 pp.

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United States: the 1987 list. Office of Migratory Bird Management, Washington, DC. 25 pp.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1990. Conservation of avian diversity in North America. Office

of Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, Virginia. 22 pp.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1995. Migratory nongame birds of management concern in the

United States: the 1995 List. Office of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service, Arlington, Virginia. 22 pp.

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Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, Virginia. 99 pp.

<http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/reports/bcc2002.pdf>.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. A blueprint for the future of migratory birds: Migratory

Bird Program strategic plan 2004-2014. Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service, Arlington, Virginia. 21 pp.

<http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/mbstratplan/mbstratplan.htm>.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 16

U.S. NABCI Committee. 2000a. North American Bird Conservation Initiative: bringing it all

together. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington, Virginia.

<http://www.nabci-us.org/aboutnabci/fwsbroch.pdf>.

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Conservation Regions map. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington, Virginia.

<http://www.nabci-us.org/aboutnabci/map.pdf>

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North American Bird Conservation Initiative Bird Conservation Regions map. U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service, Arlington, Virginia. 38 pp. <http://www.nabci-us.

org/aboutnabci/bcrdescrip.pdf>.

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U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington, Virginia. 5 pp.

<http://www.fws.gov/shorebirdplan/USShorebird/downloads/ShorebirdPriorityPopulationsAug0

4.pdf >.

Venier, L. A., and J.L. Pearce. 2007. Boreal forest landbirds in relation to forest composition,

structure, and landscape: implications for forest management. Canadian Journal of Forest

Research-Revue Canadienne de Recherche Forestiere 37: 1214-1226.

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imperiled species in the United States. BioScience 48:607-615.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 17

APPENDIX A

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 18

Figure 1 Map of the Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs) of the United States 3

3 The figure does not show BCR 67 (Hawaii) or two other Bird Conservation Regions from the report that included

islands in the Pacific and Caribbean which are either U.S. Territories or other affiliates.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 19

Table 1 Eligibility of Various Species Groups for BCC 2008 Consideration.

Applicable Federal Authority

Eligible

Not Eligible

"Nongame" and "other" species

(as variously defined by

bilateral migratory bird

conventions with Canada,

Mexico, Japan, and Russia)

Species peripheral to the U.S.

(e.g., population fragments too

small to be managed capably)

"Gamebirds" (as defined by 50

CFR 20.11) for which hunting

seasons have not recently been

established (e.g., most

shorebirds)

Migratory Bird Treaty Act

All subsistence-hunted species

in Alaska (except "gamebirds"

with established sport hunting

seasons)

"Gamebirds" (as defined by 50

CFR 20.11) for which sport

hunting seasons are established

Candidates, including "resident

gamebirds" (see below), or

proposed Endangered or

Threatened

Non-listed subspecies and

populations of otherwise

Endangered or Threatened

species (e.g., occidentalis ssp.

of Spotted Owl)

Recently delisted MBTA

species (e.g., Peregrine Falcon)

Endangered Species Act

Other MBTA species delisted in

the future

Species, subspecies, and

populations designated as

Endangered or Threatened (as

listed at 50 CFR 17.11)

Endemic Hawaiian

honeycreepers of the subfamily

Drepanididae (e.g., Hawai`i

`Amakihi)

"Resident gamebirds" (generally

hunted and managed by State

wildlife agencies), unless listed

as ESA Candidate (see above)

None

Other island endemics (e.g., Fiji

Shrikebill)

Non-native species

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 20

Table 2 BCR 1 (Aleutian/Bering Sea Islands) BCC 2008 list4

Laysan Albatross (nb)

Black-footed Albatross (nb)

Red-faced Cormorant

Pelagic Cormorant

Black Oystercatcher

Rock Sandpiper (ptilocnemis ssp.)

Red-legged Kittiwake

Aleutian Tern

Arctic Tern

Marbled Murrelet (c)

Kittlitz's Murrelet (a)

Whiskered Auklet

McKay's Bunting

4 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered species,

(d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 21

Table 3 BCR 2 (Western Alaska) BCC 2008 list5

Red-throated Loon

Yellow-billed Loon

Red-faced Cormorant

Pelagic Cormorant

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Black Oystercatcher

Solitary Sandpiper

Lesser Yellowlegs

Whimbrel

Bristle-thighed Curlew

Hudsonian Godwit

Bar-tailed Godwit

Marbled Godwit

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.)

Rock Sandpiper (ptilocnemis ssp.) (nb)

Dunlin (arcticola ssp.) (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher

Aleutian Tern

Arctic Tern

Marbled Murrelet (c)

Kittlitz's Murrelet (a)

McKay's Bunting (nb)

5 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered species,

(d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 22

Table 4 BCR 3 (Arctic Plains and Mountains U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.6

Red-throated Loon

Yellow-billed Loon

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Whimbrel

Bar-tailed Godwit

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.)

Dunlin (arcticola ssp.)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper

Arctic Tern

Smith's Longspur

6 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered species,

(d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 23

Table 5 BCR 4 (Northwestern Interior Forest U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.7

Horned Grebe

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Solitary Sandpiper

Lesser Yellowlegs

Upland Sandpiper

Whimbrel

Bristle-thighed Curlew

Hudsonian Godwit

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.)

Rock Sandpiper (ptilocnemis ssp.) (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Smith's Longspur

Rusty Blackbird

7 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered species,

(d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 24

Table 6 BCR 5 (Northern Pacific Forest U.S. portions only) BCC 2008 list.8

Yellow-billed Loon (nb)

Western Grebe (nb)

Laysan Albatross (nb)

Black-footed Albatross (nb)

Pink-footed Shearwater (nb)

Red-faced Cormorant

Pelagic Cormorant (pelagicus ssp.)

Bald Eagle (b)

Northern Goshawk (laingi ssp.)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Black Oystercatcher

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Lesser Yellowlegs (nb)

Whimbrel (nb)

Long-billed Curlew (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.) (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Aleutian Tern

Caspian Tern

Arctic Tern

Marbled Murrelet (c)

Kittlitz's Murrelet (a)

Black Swift

Rufous Hummingbird

Allen's Hummingbird

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Willow Flycatcher (c)

Horned Lark (strigata ssp.) (a)

Oregon Vesper Sparrow (affinis ssp.)

Purple Finch

8 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered species,

(d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 25

Table 7 BCR 9 (Great Basin) BCC 2008 list.9

Greater Sage-Grouse (Columbia Basin DPS) (a)

Eared Grebe (nb)

Bald Eagle (b)

Ferruginous Hawk

Golden Eagle

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail

Snowy Plover (c)

Long-billed Curlew

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. U.S. DPS) (a)

Flammulated Owl

Black Swift

Calliope Hummingbird

Lewis's Woodpecker

Williamson's Sapsucker

White-headed Woodpecker

Willow Flycatcher (c)

Loggerhead Shrike

Pinyon Jay

Sage Thrasher

Virginia's Warbler

Green-tailed Towhee

Brewer's Sparrow

Black-chinned Sparrow

Sage Sparrow

Tricolored Blackbird

Black Rosy-Finch

9 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered species,

(d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 26

Table 8 BCR 10 (Northern Rockies U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.10

Bald Eagle (b)

Swainson's Hawk

Ferruginous Hawk

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Upland Sandpiper

Long-billed Curlew

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. U.S. DPS) (a)

Flammulated Owl

Black Swift

Calliope Hummingbird

Lewis's Woodpecker

Williamson's Sapsucker

White-headed Woodpecker

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Willow Flycatcher (c)

Loggerhead Shrike

Sage Thrasher

Brewer's Sparrow

Sage Sparrow

McCown's Longspur

Black Rosy-Finch

Cassin's Finch

10 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 27

Table 9 BCR 11 (Prairie Potholes U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.11

Horned Grebe

American Bittern

Least Bittern

Bald Eagle (b)

Swainson's Hawk

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail

Mountain Plover

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Long-billed Curlew

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Black Tern

Black-billed Cuckoo

Short-eared Owl

Red-headed Woodpecker

Sprague's Pipit

Grasshopper Sparrow

Baird's Sparrow

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow

McCown's Longspur

Smith's Longspur (nb)

Chestnut-collared Longspur

Dickcissel

11 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 28

Table 10 BCR 12 (Boreal Hardwood Transition U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.12

Pied-billed Grebe

Horned Grebe (nb)

American Bittern

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Whimbrel (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Black Tern

Common Tern

Red-headed Woodpecker

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Wood Thrush

Golden-winged Warbler

Canada Warbler

Henslow's Sparrow

Rusty Blackbird

12 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 29

Table 11 BCR 13 (Lower Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Plain U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.13

Pied-billed Grebe

Horned Grebe (nb)

American Bittern

Least Bittern

Black-crowned Night-Heron

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Lesser Yellowlegs (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Whimbrel (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Black Tern

Common Tern

Black-billed Cuckoo

Short-eared Owl (nb)

Red-headed Woodpecker

Wood Thrush

Blue-winged Warbler

Golden-winged Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Canada Warbler

Henslow's Sparrow

13 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 30

Table 12 BCR 14 (Atlantic Northern Forests U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.14

Red-throated Loon (nb)

Pied-billed Grebe

Horned Grebe (nb)

Greater Shearwater (nb)

Great Cormorant (nb)

American Bittern

Least Bittern

Snowy Egret

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Lesser Yellowlegs (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Whimbrel (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) (nb)

Purple Sandpiper (nb)

Arctic Tern

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Bicknell's Thrush

Wood Thrush

Blue-winged Warbler

Bay-breasted Warbler

Canada Warbler

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Rusty Blackbird

14 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 31

Table 13 BCR 15 (Sierra Nevada) BCC 2008 list.15

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Flammulated Owl

Spotted Owl (occidentalis ssp.) (c)

Black Swift

Calliope Hummingbird

Lewis's Woodpecker

Williamson's Sapsucker

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Willow Flycatcher (c)

Cassin's Finch

15 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 32

Table 14 BCR 16 (Southern Rockies/Colorado Plateau) BCC 2008 list.16

Gunnison Sage Grouse

American Bittern

Bald Eagle (b)

Ferruginous Hawk

Golden Eagle

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Prairie Falcon

Snowy Plover (c)

Mountain Plover

Long-billed Curlew

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. U.S. DPS) (a)

Flammulated Owl

Burrowing Owl

Lewis's Woodpecker

Willow Flycatcher (c)

Gray Vireo

Pinyon Jay

Juniper Titmouse

Veery

Bendire's Thrasher

Grace's Warbler

Brewer's Sparrow

Grasshopper Sparrow

Chestnut-collared Longspur

Black Rosy-Finch

Brown-capped Rosy-Finch

Cassin's Finch

16 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 33

Table 15 BCR 17 (Badlands and Prairies) BCC 2008 list.17

Horned Grebe

American Bittern

Bald Eagle (b)

Ferruginous Hawk

Golden Eagle

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Prairie Falcon

Yellow Rail

Mountain Plover

Upland Sandpiper

Long-billed Curlew

Marbled Godwit

Black-billed Cuckoo

Burrowing Owl

Short-eared Owl

Lewis's Woodpecker

Red-headed Woodpecker

Loggerhead Shrike

Pinyon Jay

Sage Thrasher

Sprague's Pipit

Brewer's Sparrow

Sage Sparrow

Grasshopper Sparrow

Baird's Sparrow

McCown's Longspur

Chestnut-collared Longspur

Dickcissel

17 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 34

Table 16 BCR 18 (Shortgrass Prairie) BCC 2008 list.18

Lesser Prairie-Chicken (a)

Bald Eagle (b)

Golden Eagle

Prairie Falcon

Snowy Plover (c)

Mountain Plover

Upland Sandpiper

Long-billed Curlew

Burrowing Owl

Lewis's Woodpecker

Willow Flycatcher (c)

Bell's Vireo (c)

Sprague's Pipit (nb)

Lark Bunting

McCown's Longspur

Chestnut-collared Longspur

18 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 35

Table 17 BCR 19 (Central Mixed-Grass Prairie) BCC 2008 list.19

Lesser Prairie-Chicken (a)

Little Blue Heron

Mississippi Kite

Bald Eagle (b)

Swainson's Hawk

Black Rail

Snowy Plover (c)

Mountain Plover (nb)

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Long-billed Curlew

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Red-headed Woodpecker

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher

Loggerhead Shrike

Bell's Vireo (c)

Sprague's Pipit (nb)

Cassin's Sparrow

Lark Bunting

Henslow's Sparrow

Harris's Sparrow (nb)

McCown's Longspur (nb)

Smith's Longspur (nb)

Chestnut-collared Longspur (nb)

19 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 36

Table 18 BCR 20 (Edwards Plateau) BCC 2008 list.20

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Mountain Plover (nb)

Upland Sandpiper (nb)

Long-billed Curlew (nb)

Gray Vireo

Rufous-crowned Sparrow

Harris's Sparrow (nb)

McCown's Longspur (nb)

Chestnut-collared Longspur (nb)

Orchard Oriole

20 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 37

Table 19 BCR 21 (Oaks and Prairies) BCC 2008 list.21

Little Blue Heron

Swallow-tailed Kite

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Black Rail (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Long-billed Curlew (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Red-headed Woodpecker

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher

Loggerhead Shrike

Bell's Vireo (c)

Sprague's Pipit (nb)

Swainson's Warbler

Henslow's Sparrow (nb)

Harris's Sparrow (nb)

Smith's Longspur (nb)

Orchard Oriole

21 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 38

Table 20 BCR 22 (Eastern Tallgrass Prairie) BCC 2008 list.22

Pied-billed Grebe Dickcissel

Horned Grebe (nb) Rusty Blackbird (nb)

American Bittern

Least Bittern

Black-crowned Night-Heron

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Black Rail

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Whimbrel (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.) (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Black Tern

Common Tern

Black-billed Cuckoo

Short-eared Owl (nb)

Whip-poor-will

Red-headed Woodpecker

Northern Flicker

Acadian Flycatcher

Loggerhead Shrike

Bell's Vireo (c)

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.)

Wood Thrush

Blue-winged Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Prothonotary Warbler

Kentucky Warbler

Field Sparrow

Grasshopper Sparrow

Henslow's Sparrow

Smith's Longspur (nb)

22 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 39

Table 21 BCR 23 (Prairie Hardwood Transition) BCC 2008 list.23

Pied-billed Grebe

Horned Grebe (nb)

American Bittern

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Whimbrel (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.) (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Black Tern

Common Tern

Black-billed Cuckoo

Short-eared Owl (nb)

Red-headed Woodpecker

Willow Flycatcher (c)

Marsh Wren

Brown Thrasher

Blue-winged Warbler

Golden-winged Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Henslow's Sparrow

Dickcissel

Bobolink

Rusty Blackbird (nb)

23 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 40

Table 22 BCR 24 (Central Hardwoods) BCC 2008 list.24

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Black Rail

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-eared Owl (nb)

Whip-poor-will

Red-headed Woodpecker

Loggerhead Shrike

Bell's Vireo (c)

Brown-headed Nuthatch

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.)

Sedge Wren

Wood Thrush

Blue-winged Warbler

Prairie Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Worm-eating Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Kentucky Warbler

Bachman's Sparrow

Henslow's Sparrow

LeConte's Sparrow (nb)

Smith's Longspur (nb)

Painted Bunting

Rusty Blackbird (nb)

24 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 41

Table 23 BCR 25 (West Gulf Coastal Plain/Ouachitas) BCC 2008 list.25

Least Bittern

Little Blue Heron

Swallow-tailed Kite

Bald Eagle (b)

American Kestrel (paulus ssp.)

Yellow Rail (nb)

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Chuck-will's-widow

Red-headed Woodpecker

Loggerhead Shrike

Brown-headed Nuthatch

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.)

Wood Thrush

Sprague's Pipit (nb)

Prairie Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Prothonotary Warbler

Worm-eating Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Louisiana Waterthrush

Kentucky Warbler

Bachman's Sparrow

Henslow's Sparrow (nb)

Smith's Longspur (nb)

Painted Bunting

Orchard Oriole

25 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 42

Table 24 BCR 26 (Mississippi Alluvial Valley) BCC 2008 list.26

American Bittern (nb)

Least Bittern

Swallow-tailed Kite

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail (nb)

Black Rail

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Short-eared Owl (nb)

Red-headed Woodpecker

Sedge Wren (nb)

Wood Thrush

Cerulean Warbler

Prothonotary Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Kentucky Warbler

Henslow's Sparrow (nb)

LeConte's Sparrow (nb)

Painted Bunting

Dickcissel

Rusty Blackbird (nb)

Orchard Oriole

26 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 43

Table 25 BCR 27 (Southeastern Coastal Plain) BCC 2008 list.27

27 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Red-throated Loon

Black-capped Petrel (nb)

Audubon's Shearwater (nb)

American Bittern (nb)

Least Bittern

Roseate Spoonbill (nb)

Swallow-tailed Kite

Bald Eagle (b)

American Kestrel (paulus ssp.)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail (nb)

Black Rail

Limpkin

Snowy Plover (c)

Wilson’s Plover

American Oystercatcher

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Upland Sandpiper (nb)

Whimbrel (nb)

Long-billed Curlew (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Least Tern (c)

Gull-billed Tern

Sandwich Tern

Black Skimmer

Common Ground-Dove

Chuck-will's-widow

Whip-poor-will

Red-headed Woodpecker

Loggerhead Shrike

Brown-headed Nuthatch

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.)

Sedge Wren (nb)

Wood Thrush

Blue-winged Warbler

Black-throated Green Warbler

Prairie Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Prothonotary Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Kentucky Warbler

Bachman's Sparrow

Henslow's Sparrow

LeConte's Sparrow (nb)

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow (nb)

Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow (nb)

Seaside Sparrow (c)

Painted Bunting

Rusty Blackbird (nb)

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 44

Table 26 BCR 28 (Appalachian Mountains) BCC 2008 list.28

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Upland Sandpiper

Northern Saw-whet Owl (S. Appalachian breeding pop.)

Whip-poor-will

Red-headed Woodpecker

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (S. Appalachian breeding pop.)

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Loggerhead Shrike

Black-capped Chickadee (S. Appalachian pop.)

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.)

Sedge Wren (nb)

Wood Thrush

Blue-winged Warbler

Golden-winged Warbler

Prairie Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Worm-eating Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Louisiana Waterthrush

Kentucky Warbler

Canada Warbler

Henslow's Sparrow

Rusty Blackbird (nb)

Red Crossbill (S. Appalachian pop.)

28 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 45

Table 27 BCR 29 (Piedmont) BCC 2008 list.29

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Black Rail

Short-eared Owl (nb)

Whip-poor-will

Loggerhead Shrike

Brown-headed Nuthatch

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.)

Sedge Wren

Wood Thrush

Blue-winged Warbler

Prairie Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Kentucky Warbler

Bachman's Sparrow

Henslow's Sparrow

Rusty Blackbird (nb)

29 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 46

Table 28 BCR 30 (New England/Mid-Atlantic Coast) BCC 2008 list.30

30 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Red-throated Loon (nb)

Pied-billed Grebe

Horned Grebe (nb)

Greater Shearwater (nb)

Audubon's Shearwater (nb)

American Bittern

Least Bittern

Snowy Egret

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Black Rail

Wilson’s Plover

American Oystercatcher

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Lesser Yellowlegs (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Whimbrel (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) (nb)

Purple Sandpiper (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Least Tern (c)

Gull-billed Tern

Black Skimmer

Short-eared Owl (nb)

Whip-poor-will

Red-headed Woodpecker

Loggerhead Shrike

Brown-headed Nuthatch

Sedge Wren

Wood Thrush

Blue-winged Warbler

Golden-winged Warbler

Prairie Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Worm-eating Warbler

Kentucky Warbler

Henslow’s Sparrow

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Seaside Sparrow (c)

Rusty Blackbird (nb)

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 47

Table 29 BCR 31 (Peninsular Florida) BCC 2008 list.31

31 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Black-capped Petrel (nb)

Audubon's Shearwater (nb)

Brown Booby (nb)

Magnificent Frigatebird

American Bittern (nb)

Least Bittern

Reddish Egret

Roseate Spoonbill

Swallow-tailed Kite

Bald Eagle (b)

Short-tailed Hawk

American Kestrel (paulus ssp.)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail (nb)

Black Rail

Limpkin

Snowy Plover (c)

Wilson’s Plover

American Oystercatcher

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Lesser Yellowlegs (nb)

Whimbrel (nb)

Long-billed Curlew (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Least Tern (c)

Black Skimmer

White-crowned Pigeon

Common Ground-Dove

Mangrove Cuckoo

Smooth-billed Ani

Chuck-will's-widow

Red-headed Woodpecker

Loggerhead Shrike

Black-whiskered Vireo

Brown-headed Nuthatch

Yellow Warbler (gundlachi ssp.)

Prairie Warbler

Prothonotary Warbler

Bachman's Sparrow

Grasshopper Sparrow

Henslow's Sparrow (nb)

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow (nb)

Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow (nb)

Seaside Sparrow (c)

Painted Bunting (nb)

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 48

Table 30 BCR 32 (Coastal California U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.32

32 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Black-footed Albatross (nb)

Pink-footed Shearwater (nb)

Black-vented Shearwater (nb)

Ashy Storm-Petrel

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail (nb)

Black Rail

Snowy Plover (c)

Mountain Plover (nb)

Black Oystercatcher

Whimbrel (nb)

Long-billed Curlew (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.) (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Gull-billed Tern

Black Skimmer

Xantus's Murrelet (a)

Cassin's Auklet

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. US DPS) (a)

Flammulated Owl

Burrowing Owl

Spotted Owl (occidentalis ssp.) (c)

Black Swift

Costa's Hummingbird

Allen's Hummingbird

Lewis's Woodpecker

Nuttall's Woodpecker

White-headed Woodpecker

Loggerhead Shrike

Island Scrub-Jay

Yellow-billed Magpie

Oak Titmouse

Cactus Wren

LeConte's Thrasher

Yellow Warbler (brewsterissp.)

Common Yellowthroat (sinuosa ssp.)

Spotted Towhee (clementae ssp.)

Black-chinned Sparrow

Song Sparrow (graminea ssp.)

Song Sparrow (maxillaris ssp.)

Song Sparrow (pusillula ssp.)

Song Sparrow (samuelis ssp.)

Tricolored Blackbird

Lawrence's Goldfinch

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 49

Table 31 BCR 33 (Sonoran and Mojave Deserts U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.33

Least Bittern

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Prairie Falcon

Black Rail

Snowy Plover (c)

Mountain Plover (nb)

Whimbrel (nb)

Long-billed Curlew (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.) (nb)

Gull-billed Tern

Black Skimmer

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. US DPS) (a)

Elf Owl

Burrowing Owl

Costa's Hummingbird

Gila Woodpecker

Gilded Flicker

Bell's Vireo (c)

Gray Vireo

Bendire's Thrasher

LeConte's Thrasher

Lucy's Warbler

Yellow Warbler (sonorana ssp.)

Rufous-winged Sparrow

Black-chinned Sparrow

Lawrence's Goldfinch

33 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 50

Table 32 BCR 34 (Sierra Madre Occidental U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.34

Bald Eagle (b)

Common Black-Hawk

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Mountain Plover (nb)

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. U.S. DPS) (a)

Flammulated Owl

Elf Owl

Blue-throated Hummingbird

Elegant Trogon

Lewis's Woodpecker

Arizona Woodpecker

Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet

Buff-breasted Flycatcher

Rose-throated Becard

Bell's Vireo (c)

Gray Vireo

Pinyon Jay

Bendire's Thrasher

Sprague's Pipit (nb)

Phainopepla

Olive Warbler

Lucy's Warbler

Yellow Warbler (sonorana ssp.)

Black-throated Gray Warbler

Grace's Warbler

Red-faced Warbler

Canyon Towhee

Rufous-winged Sparrow

Botteri's Sparrow

Five-striped Sparrow

Black-chinned Sparrow

Lark Bunting (nb)

Grasshopper Sparrow (nb)

Grasshopper Sparrow (ammolegus ssp.)

Baird's Sparrow (nb)

Chestnut-collared Longspur (nb)

Varied Bunting

34 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 51

Table 33 BCR 35 (Chihuahuan Desert U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 lists.35

Bald Eagle (b)

Common Black-Hawk

Ferruginous Hawk (nb)

Golden Eagle

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Snowy Plover (c)

Mountain Plover

Long-billed Curlew (nb)

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. US DPS) (a)

Flammulated Owl

Elf Owl

Burrowing Owl

Lucifer Hummingbird

Loggerhead Shrike

Bell's Vireo (c)

Gray Vireo

Bendire's Thrasher

Sprague's Pipit (nb)

Virginia's Warbler

Colima Warbler

Yellow Warbler (sonorana ssp.)

Grace's Warbler

Red-faced Warbler

Cassin's Sparrow

Black-chinned Sparrow

Lark Bunting (nb)

Baird's Sparrow (nb)

McCown's Longspur (nb)

Chestnut-collared Longspur (nb)

Varied Bunting

Painted Bunting

35 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 52

Table 34 BCR 36 (Tamaulipan Brushlands U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.36

Harris's Hawk

Swainson's Hawk

Snowy Plover (c)

Mountain Plover (nb)

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Lesser Yellowlegs (nb)

Long-billed Curlew (nb)

Gull-billed Tern

Red-billed Pigeon

Green Parakeet (d)

Red-crowned Parrot (d)

Elf Owl

Burrowing Owl

Buff-bellied Hummingbird

Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet

Rose-throated Becard

Bell's Vireo (c)

Verdin

Curve-billed Thrasher

Sprague's Pipit (nb)

Tropical Parula

Summer Tanager

White-collared Seedeater

Cassin's Sparrow

Lark Bunting (nb)

Chestnut-collared Longspur (nb)

Varied Bunting

Painted Bunting

Dickcissel

Hooded Oriole

Altamira Oriole

Audubon's Oriole

36 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 53

Table 35 BCR 37 (Gulf Coastal Prairie U.S. portion only) BCC 2008 list.37

37 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Audubon's Shearwater (nb)

Band-rumped Storm-Petrel (nb)

American Bittern

Least Bittern

Reddish Egret

Swallow-tailed Kite

Bald Eagle (b)

White-tailed Hawk

Peregrine Falcon (b) (nb)

Yellow Rail (nb)

Black Rail

Snowy Plover (c)

Wilson’s Plover

Mountain Plover (nb)

American Oystercatcher

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Lesser Yellowlegs (nb)

Upland Sandpiper (nb)

Whimbrel (nb)

Long-billed Curlew

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.) (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Least Tern (c)

Gull-billed Tern

Sandwich Tern

Black Skimmer

Short-eared Owl (nb)

Loggerhead Shrike

Sedge Wren (nb)

Sprague's Pipit (nb)

Prothonotary Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Botteri's Sparrow

Grasshopper Sparrow

Henslow's Sparrow (nb)

LeConte's Sparrow (nb)

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow (nb)

Seaside Sparrow (c)

Painted Bunting

Dickcissel

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 54

Table 36 BCR 67 (Hawaii) BCC 2008 list.38

Laysan Albatross

Black-footed Albatross

Christmas Shearwater

Band-rumped Storm-Petrel (a)

Tristram's Storm-Petrel

Bristle-thighed Curlew (nb)

Short-eared Owl

`Elepaio (d)

`Oma`o

Hawai`i `Amakihi (d)

Oahu `Amakihi (d)

Kaua`i `Amakihi (d)

`Anianiau (d)

`Akikiki (a,d)

Maui `Alauahio (d)

`Akeke`e (d)

`I`iwi (d)

`Apapane (d)

38 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 55

Table 37 Other U.S. Pacific Islands BCC 2008 list.39

Laysan Albatross

Black-footed Albatross

Herald Petrel

Tahiti Petrel (d)

Phoenix Petrel (d)

Christmas Shearwater

Audubon's Shearwater

Polynesian Storm-Petrel (d)

Spotless Crake (American Samoa pop.) (a,d)

Purple Swamphen

Bristle-thighed Curlew (nb)

Friendly Ground-Dove (American Samoa DPS) (a,d)

Micronesian Myzomela (d)

Rufous Fantail (mariae ssp.) (d)

Rufous Fantail (saipanensis ssp.) (d)

Fiji Shrikebill (d)

Tinian Monarch (d)

Bridled White-eye (saypani ssp.) (c,d)

Golden White-eye (d)

Micronesian Starling (guami ssp.) (d)

Polynesian Starling (d)

39 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 56

Table 38 U.S. Caribbean Islands (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands) BCC 2008 list.40

West Indian Whistling-Duck

White-cheeked Pintail

Masked Duck

Ruddy Duck (jamaicensis ssp.)

Audubon's Shearwater

Masked Booby

Brown Booby

Red-footed Booby

Magnificent Frigatebird

Least Bittern

American Flamingo

Black Rail

Yellow-breasted Crake

Caribbean Coot

Limpkin

Snowy Plover (c)

Wilson’s Plover

American Oystercatcher

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) (nb)

White-crowned Pigeon

Bridled Quail-Dove

Antillean Mango (d)

Loggerhead Kingbird

Puerto Rican Vireo

Elfin-woods Warbler (a)

Greater Antillean Oriole

40 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 57

Table 39 USFWS Region 1 (Pacific Region) BCC 2008 list.41

41 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Greater Sage-Grouse (Columbia Basin

DPS)(a)

Black-footed Albatross

Herald Petrel

Tahiti Petrel (d)

Phoenix Petrel (d)

Pink-footed Shearwater (nb)

Polynesian Storm-Petrel (d)

Band-rumped Storm-Petrel (a)

Tristram's Storm-Petrel

Bald Eagle (b)

Swainson's Hawk

Ferruginous Hawk

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail

Spotless Crake (American Samoa pop.) (a,d)

Purple Swamphen

Snowy Plover (c)

Black Oystercatcher

Whimbrel (nb)

Bristle-thighed Curlew (nb)

Long-billed Curlew

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.) (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Friendly Ground-Dove (American Samoa

DPS) (a,d)

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. US DPS) (a)

Flammulated Owl

Short-eared Owl

Black Swift

Calliope Hummingbird

Rufous Hummingbird

Lewis's Woodpecker

Williamson's Sapsucker

White-headed Woodpecker

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Willow Flycatcher (c)

Loggerhead Shrike

Pinyon Jay

Rufous Fantail (mariae ssp.) (d)

`Elepaio (d)

Tinian Monarch (d)

Horned Lark (strigata ssp.) (a)

`Oma`o

Golden White-eye (d)

Sage Thrasher

Virginia's Warbler

Green-tailed Towhee

Brewer's Sparrow

Oregon Vesper Sparrow (affinis ssp.)

Sage Sparrow

Black Rosy-Finch

Cassin's Finch

Hawai`i `Amakihi (d)

Oahu `Amakihi (d)

Kaua`i` `Amakihi (d)

`Anianiau (d)

`Akikiki (a,d)

Maui `Alauahio (d)

`Akeke`e (d)

`I`iwi (d)

`Apapane (d)

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 58

Table 40 USFWS Region 2 (Southwest Region) BCC 2008 list.42

42 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Lesser Prairie-Chicken (a)

Reddish Egret

Swallow-tailed Kite

Bald Eagle (b)

Common Black-Hawk

White-tailed Hawk

Golden Eagle

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail (nb)

Black Rail

Snowy Plover (c)

Wilson’s Plover

Mountain Plover

American Oystercatcher

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Lesser Yellowlegs (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Whimbrel (nb)

Long-billed Curlew

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.) (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Gull-billed Tern

Sandwich Tern

Black Skimmer

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. U.S. DPS) (a)

Flammulated Owl

Elf Owl

Burrowing Owl

Lucifer Hummingbird

Costa's Hummingbird

Lewis's Woodpecker

Red-headed Woodpecker

Gilded Flicker

Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet

Buff-breasted Flycatcher

Loggerhead Shrike

Bell's Vireo (c)

Gray Vireo

Pinyon Jay

Brown-headed Nuthatch

Sedge Wren (nb)

Wood Thrush

Bendire's Thrasher

LeConte's Thrasher

Sprague's Pipit (nb)

Olive Warbler

Colima Warbler

Lucy's Warbler

Yellow Warbler (sonorana ssp.)

Grace's Warbler

Prairie Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Prothonotary Warbler

Worm-eating Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Kentucky Warbler

Red-faced Warbler

Rufous-winged Sparrow

Bachman's Sparrow

Botteri's Sparrow

Five-striped Sparrow

Black-chinned Sparrow

Lark Bunting

Grasshopper Sparrow (ammolegus ssp.)

Baird's Sparrow (nb)

Henslow's Sparrow (nb)

LeConte's Sparrow (nb)

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow (nb)

Seaside Sparrow (c)

Harris's Sparrow (nb)

McCown's Longspur (nb)

Smith's Longspur (nb)

Chestnut-collared Longspur (nb)

Varied Bunting

Painted Bunting

Rusty Blackbird (nb)

Audubon's Oriole

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 59

Table 41 USFWS Region 3 (Great Lakes-Big Rivers Region) BCC 2008 list.43

43 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Pied-billed Grebe

Horned Grebe (nb)

American Bittern

Least Bittern

Bald Eagle (b)

Swainson's Hawk

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail

Black Rail

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Whimbrel (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.) (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Black Tern

Common Tern

Black-billed Cuckoo

Short-eared Owl (nb)

Whip-poor-will

Red-headed Woodpecker

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Loggerhead Shrike

Bell's Vireo (c)

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.)

Wood Thrush

Blue-winged Warbler

Golden-winged Warbler

Prairie Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Worm-eating Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Kentucky Warbler

Canada Warbler

Bachman's Sparrow

Henslow's Sparrow

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Smith's Longspur (nb)

Chestnut-collared Longspur

Dickcissel

Rusty Blackbird

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 60

Table 42 USFWS Region 4 (Southeast Region) mainland BCC 2008 list.44

44 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Red-throated Loon

Black-capped Petrel

Audubon's Shearwater

Band-rumped Storm-Petrel (a) (Hawaii DPS

is candidate; Atlantic pop. is not)

American Bittern

Least Bittern

Reddish Egret

Swallow-tailed Kite

Bald Eagle (b)

Short-tailed Hawk

American Kestrel (paulus ssp.)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail

Black Rail

Limpkin

Snowy Plover (c)

Wilson’s Plover

American Oystercatcher

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Whimbrel (nb)

Long-billed Curlew (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (nb)

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Least Tern (c)

Gull-billed Tern

Black Skimmer

White-crowned Pigeon

Mangrove Cuckoo

Smooth-billed Ani

Short-eared Owl

Chuck-will's-widow

Red-headed Woodpecker

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Loggerhead Shrike

Black-whiskered Vireo

Brown-headed Nuthatch

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.)

Sedge Wren

Wood Thrush

Sprague's Pipit

Blue-winged Warbler

Golden-winged Warbler

Prairie Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Prothonotary Warbler

Worm-eating Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Kentucky Warbler

Canada Warbler

Bachman's Sparrow

Henslow's Sparrow

LeConte's Sparrow

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Seaside Sparrow (c)

Smith's Longspur

Painted Bunting

Rusty Blackbird

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 61

Table 43 USFWS Region 4 (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands) BCC 2008 list.45

West Indian Whistling-Duck

White-cheeked Pintail

Masked Duck

Ruddy Duck (jamaicensis ssp. only)

Audubon's Shearwater

Masked Booby

Brown Booby

Red-footed Booby

Magnificent Frigatebird

Least Bittern

American Flamingo

Black Rail

Yellow-breasted Crake

Caribbean Coot

Limpkin

Snowy Plover (c)

Wilson’s Plover

American Oystercatcher

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) (nb)

White-crowned Pigeon

Bridled Quail-Dove

Antillean Mango (d)

Loggerhead Kingbird

Puerto Rican Vireo

Elfin-woods Warbler (a)

Greater Antillean Oriole

45 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 62

Table 44 USFWS Region 5 (Northeast Region) BCC 2008 list.46

46 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Red-throated Loon (nb)

Pied-billed Grebe

Horned Grebe (nb)

Greater Shearwater (nb)

Audubon's Shearwater (nb)

American Bittern

Least Bittern

Snowy Egret

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail

Black Rail

Wilson’s Plover

American Oystercatcher

Solitary Sandpiper (nb)

Lesser Yellowlegs (nb)

Upland Sandpiper

Whimbrel (nb)

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) (nb)

Purple Sandpiper (nb)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Least Tern (c)

Gull-billed Tern

Arctic Tern

Black Skimmer

Short-eared Owl (nb)

Whip-poor-will

Red-headed Woodpecker

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Loggerhead Shrike

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.)

Sedge Wren

Bicknell's Thrush

Wood Thrush

Blue-winged Warbler

Golden-winged Warbler

Prairie Warbler

Bay-breasted Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Worm-eating Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Kentucky Warbler

Canada Warbler

Henslow's Sparrow

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Seaside Sparrow (c)

Rusty Blackbird

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 63

Table 45 USFWS Region 6 (Mountain-Prairie Region) BCC 2008 list.47

47 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Gunnison Sage-Grouse

Lesser Prairie-Chicken (a)

Horned Grebe

American Bittern

Least Bittern

Bald Eagle (b)

Ferruginous Hawk

Golden Eagle

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Prairie Falcon

Yellow Rail

Black Rail

Snowy Plover (c)

Mountain Plover

Upland Sandpiper

Long-billed Curlew

Hudsonian Godwit (nb)

Marbled Godwit

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Black-billed Cuckoo

Flammulated Owl

Burrowing Owl

Short-eared Owl

Lewis's Woodpecker

Red-headed Woodpecker

Willow Flycatcher (c)

Loggerhead Shrike

Bell's Vireo (c)

Gray Vireo

Pinyon Jay

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.)

Sage Thrasher

Sprague's Pipit

Sage Sparrow

Grasshopper Sparrow

Baird's Sparrow

Henslow's Sparrow

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow

McCown's Longspur

Smith's Longspur

Chestnut-collared Longspur

Black Rosy-Finch

Brown-capped Rosy-Finch

Cassin's Finch

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 64

Table 46 USFWS Region 7 (Alaska Region) BCC 2008 list.48

Red-throated Loon

Yellow-billed Loon

Horned Grebe

Laysan Albatross

Black-footed Albatross

Red-faced Cormorant

Pelagic Cormorant

Northern Goshawk (laingi ssp.)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Black Oystercatcher

Solitary Sandpiper

Lesser Yellowlegs

Whimbrel

Bristle-thighed Curlew

Hudsonian Godwit

Bar-tailed Godwit

Marbled Godwit

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.)

Rock Sandpiper (ptilocnemis spp.)

Dunlin (arcticola ssp.)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper

Short-billed Dowitcher

Red-legged Kittiwake

Aleutian Tern

Arctic Tern

Marbled Murrelet (c)

Kittlitz's Murrelet (a)

Whiskered Auklet

Rufous Hummingbird

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Smith's Longspur

McKay's Bunting

Rusty Blackbird

48 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 65

Table 47 USFWS Region 8 ( California and Nevada) BCC 2008 list.49

49 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

Black-footed Albatross

Pink-footed Shearwater (nb)

Ashy Storm-Petrel

Bald Eagle (b)

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail

Black Rail

Snowy Plover (c)

Mountain Plover (nb)

Black Oystercatcher

Whimbrel (nb)

Long-billed Curlew (nb)

Marbled Godwit (nb)

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.) (nb)

Short-billed Dowitcher (nb)

Gull-billed Tern

Black Skimmer

Xantus's Murrelet (a)

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. US DPS) (a)

Flammulated Owl

Burrowing Owl

Spotted Owl (occidentalis ssp.) (c)

Black Swift

Costa's Hummingbird

Calliope Hummingbird

Allen's Hummingbird

Lewis's Woodpecker

Williamson's Sapsucker

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Willow Flycatcher (c)

Loggerhead Shrike

Bell's Vireo (c)

Gray Vireo

Island Scrub-Jay

Pinyon Jay

Yellow-billed Magpie

Oak Titmouse

Cactus Wren

Sage Thrasher

LeConte's Thrasher

Virginia's Warbler

Yellow Warbler (brewsteri ssp.)

Yellow Warbler (sonorana ssp.)

Common Yellowthroat (sinuosa ssp.)

Green-tailed Towhee

Spotted Towhee (clementae ssp.)

Brewer's Sparrow

Black-chinned Sparrow

Sage Sparrow

Song Sparrow (graminea ssp.)

Song Sparrow (maxillaris ssp.)

Song Sparrow (pusillula ssp.)

Song Sparrow (samuelis ssp.)

Tricolored Blackbird

Lawrence's Goldfinch

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 66

Table 48 National (including Caribbean and Pacific Island "Territories") BCC 2008 list.50

50 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered

species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking, (nb) non-breeding in this BCR

West Indian Whistling-Duck

Greater Sage-Grouse (Colum. Basin DPS) (a)

Gunnison Sage-Grouse

Lesser Prairie-Chicken (a)

Yellow-billed Loon

Black-footed Albatross

Tahiti Petrel (d)

Phoenix Petrel (d)

Black-capped Petrel

Pink-footed Shearwater

Christmas Shearwater

Audubon's Shearwater

Polynesian Storm-Petrel (d)

Ashy Storm-Petrel

Band-rumped Storm-Petrel (a) (Hawaii DPS is

candidate; Atlantic pop. is not)

Reddish Egret

Swallow-tailed Kite

Bald Eagle (b)

Swainson’s Hawk

Peregrine Falcon (b)

Yellow Rail

Black Rail

Spotless Crake (Am. Samoa pop.) (a, d)

Caribbean Coot

Limpkin

Snowy Plover (c)

Wilson’s Plover

Mountain Plover

American Oystercatcher

Black Oystercatcher

Solitary Sandpiper

Lesser Yellowlegs

Upland Sandpiper

Whimbrel

Bristle-thighed Curlew

Long-billed Curlew

Hudsonian Godwit

Bar-tailed Godwit

Marbled Godwit

Red Knot (roselaari ssp.)

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb)

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) (nb)

Purple Sandpiper (nb)

Rock Sandpiper (ptilocnemis ssp.)

Dunlin (arcticola spp.)

Buff-breasted Sandpiper

Short-billed Dowitcher

Red-legged Kittiwake

Aleutian Tern

Least Tern (c)

Gull-billed Tern

Black Skimmer

Marbled Murrelet (c)

Kittlitz's Murrelet (a)

Xantus's Murrelet (a)

White-crowned Pigeon

Friendly Ground-Dove (Am. Samoa) (a,d)

Green Parakeet (d)

Red-crowned Parrot (d)

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. U.S. DPS) (a)

Mangrove Cuckoo

Flammulated Owl

Elf Owl

Spotted Owl (occidentalis ssp.) (c)

Short-eared Owl

Black Swift

Costa's Hummingbird

Calliope Hummingbird

Rufous Hummingbird

Allen's Hummingbird

Elegant Trogon

Lewis's Woodpecker

Red-headed Woodpecker

Table 48 Continued

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 67

Nuttall’s Woodpecker

Arizona Woodpecker

White-headed Woodpecker

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Willow Flycatcher (c)

Loggerhead Shrike

Puerto Rican Vireo

Bell's Vireo (c)

Gray Vireo

Island Scrub-Jay

Pinyon Jay

Yellow-billed Magpie

Rufous Fantail (mariae ssp.) (d)

`Elepaio (d)

Tinian Monarch (d)

Horned Lark (strigata ssp.) (a)

Oak Titmouse

Brown-headed Nuthatch

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.)

`Omao

Bicknell's Thrush

Wood Thrush

Golden White-eye (d)

Bendire's Thrasher

LeConte's Thrasher

Sprague's Pipit

Blue-winged Warbler

Golden-winged Warbler

Virginia’s Warbler

Colima Warbler

Lucy's Warbler

Grace's Warbler

Prairie Warbler

Bay-breasted Warbler

Cerulean Warbler

Elfin-woods Warbler (a)

Prothonotary Warbler

Worm-eating Warbler

Swainson's Warbler

Kentucky Warbler

Canada Warbler

Red-faced Warbler

Rufous-winged Sparrow

Bachman's Sparrow

Five-striped Sparrow

Brewer's Sparrow

Black-chinned Sparrow

Baird's Sparrow

Henslow's Sparrow

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Seaside Sparrow (c)

Harris's Sparrow

McCown's Longspur

Smith's Longspur

McKay's Bunting

Varied Bunting

Painted Bunting

Dickcissel

Tricolored Blackbird

Rusty Blackbird

Audubon's Oriole

Black Rosy-Finch

Brown-capped Rosy-Finch

Lawrence's Goldfinch

Hawai`i `Amakihi (d)

Oahu `Amakihi (d)

Kaua`i `Amakihi (d)

`Anianiau (d)

`Akikiki (a,d)

Maui `Alauahio (d)

`Akek`ee (d)

`I`iwi (d)

`Apapane (d)

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 68

Appendix B

Matrix of Species on BCR, USFWS Region, and National Lists in BCC 2008,

Arranged Taxonomically (according to American Ornithologists’ Union 48th Checklist) 51

51 (a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of threatened or endangered species, (d)

MBTA protection uncertain or lacking

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

West Indian Whistling-Duck x + +

White-cheeked Pintail x +

Masked Duck x +

Ruddy Duck (jamaicensis ssp. only) x +

Greater Sage-Grouse (Columbia Basin

DPS)(a) x + +

Gunnison Sage-Grouse x + +

Lesser Prairie-Chicken (a) x x + + +

Red-throated Loon x x nb nb nb + + +

Yellow-billed Loon x x nb + +

Pied-billed Grebe x x x x x x + +

Horned Grebe x x nb nb nb x nb nb nb + + + +

Eared Grebe nb

Western Grebe nb

Laysan Albatross nb nb x x +

Black-footed Albatross nb nb nb x x + ++ +

Herald Petrel x +

Tahiti Petrel (d) x + +

Phoenix Petrel (d) x + +

Black-capped Petrel nb nb + +

Pink-footed Shearwater nb nb + + +

Greater Shearwater nb nb +

Christmas Shearwater x x +

Black-vented Shearwater nb

Audubon's Shearwater nb nb nb nb x x + + + +

Polynesian Storm-Petrel (d) x + +

Ashy Storm-Petrel x + +

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

69

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

Band-rumped Storm-Petrel (a) (Hawaii

DPS is candidate; Atlantic pop. is not) nb x

+ +

+

Tristram's Storm-Petrel x +

Masked Booby x +

Brown Booby nb x +

Red-footed Booby x +

Great Cormorant nb

Red-faced Cormorant x x x +

Pelagic Cormorant (pelagicus ssp.) x x x +

Magnificent Frigatebird x x +

American Bittern x x x x x x x x nbnb x nb nb + + + +

Least Bittern x x x x x x x x x x x x + + + + +

Snowy Egret x x +

Little Blue Heron x x x

Reddish Egret x x + + +

Black-crowned Night-Heron x x

Roseate Spoonbill nb x

American Flamingo x +

Swallow-tailed Kite x x x x x x + + +

Mississippi Kite x

Bald Eagle (b) x x x x x x x x x x x x nb x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x + + + + + + + +

Northern Goshawk (laingi ssp.) x +

Common Black-Hawk x x +

Harris's Hawk x

Short-tailed Hawk x +

Swainson's Hawk x x x x + + +

70

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

White-tailed Hawk x +

Ferruginous Hawk x x x x nb + +

Golden Eagle x x x x x + +

American Kestrel (paulus ssp.) x x x +

Peregrine Falcon (b) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x nb + + + + + + + + +

Prairie Falcon x x x x +

Yellow Rail x x x x x x nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + + + + + +

Black Rail x nb x x x x x x x x x x x + + + + + + + +

Spotless Crake (American Samoa

pop.) (a,d) x + +

Yellow-breasted Crake x +

Purple Swamphen x +

Caribbean Coot x + +

Limpkin x x x + + +

Snowy Plover (c ) x x x x x x x x x x x x + + + + + + +

Wilson’s Plover x x x x x + + + + +

Mountain Plover x x x x nb nb nb nb nb x nb nb + + + +

American Oystercatcher x x x x x + + + + +

Black Oystercatcher x x x x + ++ +

Solitary Sandpiper

x xnb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + + + +

Lesser Yellowlegs x x nb nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + +

Upland Sandpiper x x x x x x x x x nb x x x nb x x nb + + + + + +

Whimbrel

x x x nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + + + + + +

Bristle-thighed Curlew x x nb nb + + +

71

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

Long-billed Curlew

nb x x x x x x x nbnb nb nbnb nb nb nb x + + + + + +

Hudsonian Godwit x x nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + + + + +

Bar-tailed Godwit x x + +

Marbled Godwit

x nb nb x nb nb x nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + + + + + +

Red Knot (roselaari ssp. )

x x x nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + + + +

Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + + + +

Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + +

Purple Sandpiper nb nb + +

Rock Sandpiper (ptilocnemis ) x nb nb + +

Dunlin (arcticola ) nb x + +

Buff-breasted Sandpiper x nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + + + + +

Short-billed Dowitcher

x x nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + + + + + + +

Red-legged Kittiwake x + +

Aleutian Tern x x x + +

Least Tern (c) x xx x + + +

Gull-billed Tern x x x x x x + + + + +

Caspian Tern x

Black Tern x x x x x +

Common Tern x x x x +

Arctic Tern x x x x x + +

Sandwich Tern x x +

Black Skimmer x x x x x x + + + + +

Marbled Murrelet (c) x x x + +

72

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

Kittlitz's Murrelet (a) x x x + +

Xantus's Murrelet (a) x + +

Cassin's Auklet x

Whiskered Auklet x +

White-crowned Pigeon x x + + +

Red-billed Pigeon x

Common Ground-Dove x x

Bridled Quail-Dove x +

Friendly Ground-Dove (American

Samoa DPS) (a,d) x + +

Green Parakeet (d) x +

Red-crowned Parrot (d) x +

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (w. U.S. DPS)

(a) x x x x x x x + + + +

Mangrove Cuckoo x + +

Black-billed Cuckoo x x x x x + +

Smooth-billed Ani x +

Flammulated Owl x x x x x x x + + + + +

Elf Owl x x x x + +

Burrowing Owl x x x x x x x + + +

Spotted Owl (occidentalis ssp.) (c) x x + +

Short-eared Owl x nb x nb nb nb nb nb nb nb x + + + + + +

Northern Saw-whet Owl (S.

Appalachian breeding pop.) x

Chuck-will's-widow x x x +

Whip-poor-will x x x x x x + +

Black Swift x x x x x + + +

73

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

Antillean Mango (d) x +

Buff-bellied Hummingbird x

Blue-throated Hummingbird x

Lucifer Hummingbird x +

Costa's Hummingbird x x + + +

Calliope Hummingbird x x x + + +

Rufous Hummingbird x + + +

Allen's Hummingbird x x + +

Elegant Trogon x +

Lewis's Woodpecker x x x x x x x x + + + + +

Red-headed Woodpecker x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x + + + + + +

Gila Woodpecker x

Williamson's Sapsucker x x x + +

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (S.

Appalachian breeding pop.) x

Nuttall's Woodpecker x +

Arizona Woodpecker x +

White-headed Woodpecker x x x + +

Northern Flicker x

Gilded Flicker x +

Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet x x +

Olive-sided Flycatcher x x x x x x x + + + + + + +

Acadian Flycatcher x

Willow Flycatcher (c) x x x x x x x + + + +

Buff-breasted Flycatcher x +

Loggerhead Kingbird x +

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher x x

74

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

Rose-throated Becard x x

Micronesian Myzomela (d) x

Loggerhead Shrike x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x + + + + + + + +

Puerto Rican Vireo x + +

Bell's Vireo (c) x x x x x x x x x + + + + +

Gray Vireo x x x x x + + + +

Black-whiskered Vireo x +

Island Scrub-Jay x + +

Pinyon Jay x x x x + + + + +

Yellow-billed Magpie x + +

Rufous Fantail (mariae ssp.) (d) x + +

Rufous Fantail (saipanensis ssp.) (d) x

`Elepaio (d) x + +

Fiji Shrikebill (d) x

Tinian Monarch (d) x + +

Horned Lark (strigata ssp.) (a) x + +

Black-capped Chickadee (S.

Appalachian pop.) x

Oak Titmouse x + +

Juniper Titmouse x

Verdin x

Brown-headed Nuthatch x x x x x x + + +

Cactus Wren x +

Bewick's Wren (bewickii ssp.) x x x x x x + + + +

Sedge Wren x nb nb nb x x nb + + +

Marsh Wren x

75

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

`Omao x + +

Veery x

Bicknell's Thrush x + +

Wood Thrush x x x x x x x x x x x + + + + +

Bridled White-eye (saypani ssp. only)

(c,d) x

Golden White-eye (d) x + +

Sage Thrasher x x x + + +

Brown Thrasher x

Bendire's Thrasher x x x x + +

Curve-billed Thrasher x

LeConte's Thrasher x x + + +

Micronesian Starling (guami ssp.) (d) x

Polynesian Starling (d) x

Sprague's Pipit x x nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + +

Phainopepla x

Olive Warbler x +

Blue-winged Warbler x x x x x x x x x + + + +

Golden-winged Warbler x x x x x + + + +

Virginia's Warbler x x + + +

Colima Warbler x + +

Lucy's Warbler x x + +

Tropical Parula x

Yellow Warbler (brewsteri ) x +

Yellow Warbler (gundlachi ssp.) x

Yellow Warbler (sonorana ) x x x + +

76

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

Black-throated Gray Warbler x

Black-throated Green Warbler x

Grace's Warbler x x x + +

Prairie Warbler x x x x x x x + + + + +

Bay-breasted Warbler x + +

Cerulean Warbler x x x x x x x x x x + + + + +

Elfin-woods Warbler (a) x + +

Prothonotary Warbler x x x x x x + + +

Worm-eating Warbler x x x x + + + + +

Swainson's Warbler x x x x x x x x + + + + +

Louisiana Waterthrush x x

Kentucky Warbler x x x x x x x x + + + + +

Common Yellowthroat (sinuosa ssp.) x +

Canada Warbler x x x x + + + +

Red-faced Warbler x x + +

Summer Tanager x

White-collared Seedeater x

Green-tailed Towhee x + +

Spotted Towhee (clementae ssp.) x +

Canyon Towhee x

Rufous-winged Sparrow x x + +

Cassin's Sparrow x x x

Bachman's Sparrow x x x x x + + + +

Botteri's Sparrow x x +

Rufous-crowned Sparrow x

77

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

Five-striped Sparrow x + +

Brewer's Sparrow x x x x + + + +

Field Sparrow x

Black-chinned Sparrow x x x x x + + +

Oregon Vesper Sparrow (affinis ssp.) x +

Sage Sparrow x x x + + +

Lark Bunting x x nb nb nb +

Grasshopper Sparrow x x x x x nb x +

Grasshopper Sparrow (ammolegus

ssp.) nb +

Baird's Sparrow x x nb nb + + +

Henslow's Sparrow x x x nb x x x nb nb x x x x nb nb + + + + + +

LeConte's Sparrow nb nb nb nb + +

Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow x x nb x nb nb + + + + + +

Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow x nb x nb + + +

Seaside Sparrow (c) x xx x + + + +

Song Sparrow (graminea ssp.) x +

Song Sparrow (maxillaris ssp.) x +

Song Sparrow (pusillula ssp.) x +

Song Sparrow (samuelis ssp.) x +

Harris's Sparrow nb nb nb + +

McCown's Longspur x x x x nb nb nb + + +

Smith's Longspur x x nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + + + +

Chestnut-collared Longspur x nb x x nb nb nb nb nb + + +

McKay's Bunting x nb + +

78

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

Varied Bunting x x x + +

Painted Bunting x x x x nb x x x + + +

Dickcissel x x x x x x x + +

Bobolink x

Tricolored Blackbird x x + +

Rusty Blackbird x x x nb nb nb nb nb nb nb nb + + + + + +

Greater Antillean Oriole x +

Orchard Oriole x x x x

Hooded Oriole x

Altamira Oriole x

Audubon's Oriole x + +

Black Rosy-Finch x x x + + +

Brown-capped Rosy-Finch x + +

Purple Finch x

Cassin's Finch x x x + +

Red Crossbill (S. Appalachian pop.) x

Lawrence's Goldfinch x x + +

Hawai`i `Amakihi (d) x + +

Oahu `Amakihi (d) x + +

Kaua`i `Amakihi (d) x + +

`Anianiau (d) x + +

`Akikiki (a,d) x + +

Maui `Alauahio (d) x + +

`Akeke`e (d) x + +

`I`iwi (d) x + +

`Apapane (d) x + +

79

National

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4

1 2 3 4 5 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8

U.S.

Pacif.

Islds.

U.S.

Carib.

Islds.

Bird Conservation Regions USFWS Regions

'x' indicates species is included for breeding period (plus non-breeding where species occurs year-round), 'nb' indicates species is

included only for non-breeding period

(4a = Puerto Rico &

USVI)

Totals

13

22

10

14

30

28

22

27

23

27

29

11

27

28

16

26

11

19

39

30

26

27

26

53

25

18

45

48

45

28

37

31

31

42

18

20

27

61

78

45

61

27

51

45

34

55

147

(a) ESA candidate, (b) ESA delisted, (c) non-listed subspecies or population of ESA listed species, (d) MBTA protection uncertain or lacking

80

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 81

APPENDIX C

Index of Scientific Names of Species Appearing in the BCC 2008 Lists

(Tables 2-48), Arranged Alphabetically by Common Name

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 82

Common Name Scientific Name

Akekee Loxops caeruleirostris

Akikiki Oreomystis bairdi

Alauahio, Maui Paroreomyza maculata

Albatross, Black-footed Phoebastria nigripes

Albatross, Laysan Phoebastria immutabilis

Amakihi, Hawaii Hemignathus virens

Amakihi, Kauai Hemignathus kauaiensis

Amakihi, Oahu Hemignathus flavus

Ani, Smooth-billed Crotophaga ani

Anianiau Hemignathus pan/us

Apapane Mimatione sanguinea

Auklet, Cassin's Ptychororamphus aleuticus

Auklet, Whiskered Aethia pygmaea

Beardless-Tyrannulet, Northern Camptostoma imberbe

Becard, Rose-throated Pachyramphus aglaiae

Bittern, American Botaurus lentiginosus

Bittern, Least Ixobrychus exilis

Blackbird, Rusty Euphagus carolinus

Blackbird, Tricolored Agelaius tricolor

Black-Hawk, Common Buteogallus anthracinus

Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus

Booby, Brown Sula leucogaster

Booby, Masked Sula dactylatra

Booby, Red-footed Sula sula

Bunting, Lark Calamospiza melanocorys

Bunting, McKay's Plectrophenax hyperboreus

Bunting, Painted Passerina ciris

Bunting, Varied Passerina versicolor

Chickadee, Black-capped Poecile atricapillus

Chuck-will's-widow Caprimulgus carolinensis

Coot, Caribbean Fulica caribaea

Cormorant, Great Phalacrocorax carbo

Cormorant, Red-faced Phalacrocorax urile

Cormorant, Pelagic Phalacrocorax pelagicus pelagicus

Crake, Spotless Porzana tabuensis

Crake, Yellow-breasted Porzana flaviventer

Crossbill, Red Loxia curvirostra

Cuckoo, Black-billed Coccyzus erythropthalmus

Cuckoo, Mangrove Coccyzus minor

Cuckoo, Yellow-billed Coccyzus americanus

Curlew, Bristle-thighed Numenius tahitiensis

Curlew, Long-billed Numenius americanus

Dickcissel Spiza americana

Dowitcher, Short-billed Limnodromus griseus

Duck, Masked Nomonyx dominicus

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 83

Duck, Ruddy Oxyura jamaicensis jamaicensis

Dunlin Calidris alpina arcticola

Eagle, Bald Haliaeetus leucocephalus

Eagle, Golden Aquila chrysaetos

Egret, Reddish Egretta rufescens

Egret, Snowy Egretta thula

Elepaio Chasiempis sandwichensis

Falcon, Peregrine Falco peregrinus

Falcon, Prairie Falco mexicanus

Fantail, Rufous Rhipidura rufifrons mariae

Fantail, Rufous Rhipidura rufifrons saipanensis

Finch, Cassin’s Carpodacus cassinii

Finch, Purple Carpodacus purpureus

Flamingo, American Phoenicopterus ruber

Flicker, Gilded Colaptes chrysoides

Flicker, Northern Colaptes auratus

Flycatcher, Acadian Empidonax virescens

Flycatcher, Buff-breasted Empidonax fulvifrons

Flycatcher, Olive-sided Contopus cooperi

Flycatcher, Scissor-tailed Tyrannus forficatus

Flycatcher, Willow Empidonax traillii

Frigatebird, Magnificent Fregata magnificens

Godwit, Bar-tailed Limosa lapponica baueri

Godwit, Hudsonian Limosa haemastica

Godwit, Marbled Limosa fedoa

Goldfinch, Lawrence's Carduelis lawrencei

Goshawk, Northern Accipiter gentilis laingi

Grebe, Eared Podiceps nigricollis

Grebe, Horned Podiceps auritus

Grebe, Pied-billed Podilymbus podiceps

Grebe, Western Aechmophorus occidentalis

Ground-Dove, Common Columbina passerina

Ground-Dove, Friendly Gallicolumba stairi

Hawk, Ferruginous Buteo regalis

Hawk, Harris's Parabuteo unicinctus

Hawk, Short-tailed Buteo brachyurus

Hawk, Swainson's Buteo swainsoni

Hawk, White-tailed Buteo albicaudatus

Heron, Little Blue Egretta caerulea

Hummingbird, Allen’s Selasphorus sasin

Hummingbird, Blue-throated Lampornis clemenciae

Hummingbird, Buff-bellied Amazilia yucatanensis

Hummingbird, Calliope Stellula calliope

Hummingbird, Costa's Calypte costae

Hummingbird, Lucifer Calothorax lucifer

Hummingbird, Rufous Selasphorus rufus

liwi Vestiaria coccinea

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 84

Jay, Pinyon Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus

Kestrel, American Falco sparverius paulus

Kingbird, Loggerhead Tyrannus caudifasciatus

Kite, Mississippi Ictinia mississippiensis

Kite, Swallow-tailed Elanoides forficatus

Kittiwake, Red-legged Rissa brevirostris

Knot, Red Calidris canutu roselaari

Knot, Red Calidris canutus rufa

Lark, Horned Eremophila alpestris strigata

Limpkin Aramus guarauna

Longspur, Chestnut-collared Calcarius ornatus

Longspur, McCown's Calcarius mccownii

Longspur, Smith's Calcarius pictus

Loon, Red-throated Gavia stellata

Loon, Yellow-billed Gavia adamsii

Magpie, Yellow-billed Pica nuttalli

Mango, Antillean Anthracothorax dominicus

Monarch, Tinian Monarcha takatsukasae

Murrelet, Kittlitz's Brachyramphus brevirostris

Murrelet, Marbled Brachyramphus marmoratus

Murrelet, Xantus's Synthliboramphus hypoleucus

Myzomela, Micronesian Myzomela rubrata

Night-Heron, Black-crowned Nycticorax nycticorax

Nuthatch, Brown-headed Sitta pusilla

Omao Myadestes obscurus

Oriole, Altamira Icterus gularis

Oriole, Audubon's Icterus graduacauda

Oriole, Greater Antillean Icterus dominicensis

Oriole, Hooded Icterus cucullatus

Oriole, Orchard Icterus spurius

Owl, Burrowing Athene cunicularia

Owl, Elf Micrathene whitneyi

Owl, Flammulated Otus flammeolus

Owl, Northern Saw-whet Aegolius acadicus

Owl, Short-eared Asio flammeus

Owl, Spotted Strix occidentalis occidentalis

Oystercatcher, American Haematopus palliatus palliatus

Oystercatcher, Black Haematopus bachmani

Parakeet, Green Aratinga holochlora

Parrot, Red-crowned Amazona viridigenalis

Parula, Tropical Parula pitiayumi

Petrel, Black-capped Pterodroma hasitata

Petrel, Herald Pterodroma arminjoniana

Petrel, Phoenix Pterodroma alba

Petrel, Tahiti Pterodroma rostrata

Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens

Pigeon, Red-billed Columba flavirostris

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 85

Pigeon, White-crowned Columba leucocephala

Pintail, White-cheeked Anas bahamensis

Pipit, Sprague's Anthus spragueii

Plover, Mountain Charadrius montanus

Plover, Snowy Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus/tenuirostris

Plover, Wilson's Charadrius wilsonia wilsonia

Prairie-Chicken, Lesser Tympanuchus pallidicinctus

Quail-Dove, Bridled Geotrygon mystacea

Rail, Black Laterallu