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• 300 MHz NMR Mazama (Solids) |
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Highlighted Research Applications
Characterization of natural and soil organic matter (NOM and SOM)
CO2 sequestration investigations via high-pressure MAS
Amorphous material characterization (e.g. glass).
Researchers may operate the system independently and can be trained to manage fully self-directed operations. Collaborative work with staff scientists is encouraged.
Commercial Solid-State NMR Probes
300 Probes
Top Speed
Range of X
Range of Y
VT Range
Volume
4.0-mm H(F)XY MAS
18 kHz
31P to 29Si
13C to 15N
-150°C to +250°C
83 μl
5.0-mm H(F)XY MAS
12 kHz
31P to... |
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• 400 MHz NMR Karloff (Solids) |
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Research Applications
Characterization of quadrupolar nuclei for inorganic and biological materials and natural sediments
Cryogenic NMR capabilities for 2H dynamics or wideline NMR of nuclei in dilute environments
Characterization of terrestrial carbon in plant materials and soils.
Researchers may operate the system independently on site or remotely. Most operations are standard, but users are strongly suggested to collaborate with EMSL scientists for cryogenic operations.
NOTE: this spectrometer has limited access. Contact the instrument custodian for more details.
Solid-state NMR probes... |
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• 500 MHz NMR Bastiat (Imaging) |
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Highlighted Research Applications
EMSL's Bruker 500-MHz WB spectrometer is uniquely tailored for in vivo studies:
Microbial biofilms relevant to human health and environmental processes
Animal and plant tissue samples
Microbial suspensions relevant to biofuels and other bioproducts
Small animals via non-invasive μ-MRI and MRS.
Researchers may operate the system independently and can be trained to manage fully self-directed operations. Collaborative work with staff scientists is encouraged.
System Configuration and Capabilities
Actively shielded, vibration-damped wide-bore magnet
Latest-... |
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• 500 MHz NMR Shasta (Solids) |
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Research Applications
Dynamics studies via 2H NMR
Characterization of quadrupolar nuclei for materials and biological samples
Characterization of terrestrial carbon in plant materials and soils.
CO2 sequestration investigations via high-pressure MAS
Amorphous material characterization (e.g. glass).
Researchers may operate the system independently and can be trained to manage fully self-directed operations. Collaborative work with staff scientists is encouraged.
Solid-state NMR probes:
500 Probes
Style
Top Speed
VT Range
Range of X
Range of Y
Make
4 mm H(F)XY
MAS
18 kHz... |
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• 5500XL SOLiD Sequencers |
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Two massively parallel next-generation sequencing platforms (SOLiD 5500 series) are currently incorporated in users' research for transcriptomics analysis. The platforms can be used for a wide array of applications, such as global gene expression analysis with single base resolution, single-cell or meta-transcriptomic analysis, regulation of gene expression including ChIP-Seq or microRNA analysis, and the identification of novel genes or isoforms. The platforms offer a non-biased, highly quantitative, and accurate method to sequence DNA or RNA from any source and supersede that of previous... |
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• 600 MHz NMR Baker (Liquids) |
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Highlighted Research Applications
Structural biology
Protein structure and dynamics
Nuclei acid structure and dynamics.
Metabolomics
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
Researchers may operate the system independently and can be trained to manage fully self-directed operations. Collaborative work with staff scientists is encouraged. For remote use, the user may ship sample(s) to EMSL, and a staff scientist will assist with placing the sample(s) in the magnet and tuning the probe. The user can then operate the spectrometer via a secure Internet connection.
Solution-state probes:
5-mm HCN Z-gradient... |
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• 600 MHz NMR Hood (Metabolomics) |
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Highlighted Research Applications
Metabolomics
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
Researchers may operate the system independently and can be trained to manage fully self-directed operations. Collaborative work with staff scientists is encouraged. For collaborations, the user may ship samples to EMSL. An EMSL scientist then will perform the experiment setup and data collection. EMSL scientists also are available to collaborate on data analysis and interpretation.
Solution-state probes:
5-mm HCN salt sensitive Z-gradient cold probe with variable temperature (VT) control: 0 to 80°C
5-mm HCN Z-... |
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• 600 MHz NMR Nittany (Solids) --(Limited Time Available) |
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Highlighted Research Applications
Characterization of quadrupolar nuclei for materials and natural sediment samples
High power diffusion measurements of cation migration in polymeric materials
Ultra-fast MAS for materials and biological samples (up to 60 kHz).
Researchers may operate this system independently on site or, in some cases, remotely. Science Theme proposal users may be provided initial training when necessary, although collaboration with EMSL scientists is encouraged.
Note: this spectrometer has limited access. Contact the instrument custodian for more details.
Solid-state MAS... |
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• 750 MHz NMR Rainier (Liquids) |
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Highlighted Research Applications
Structural biology
Protein structure and dynamics
Nuclei acid structure and dynamics.
Metabolomics
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
Ecometabolomics
Characterization of environmental samples using multi-dimensional NMR
Low gamma nuclei solids investigations.
Researchers may operate the system independently and can be trained to manage fully self-directed operations. Collaborative work with staff scientists is encouraged. For remote use, the user may ship sample(s) to EMSL, and a staff scientist will assist with placing the sample(s) in the magnet and tuning... |
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• 750 MHz Radiological NMR Bokan (Liquids, Solids) |
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Highlighted Research Applications
EMSL's Bruker wide-bore 750 MHz solids/liquids spectrometer is dedicated to radiological and environmental samples. Housed in RadEMSL (EMSL's Radiochemistry Annex), it is the highest field radiological NMR system in the world. This instrument allows real world, radionuclide-containing samples to be investigated rather than proxy, or model systems.
Commercial Solution State NMR Probes
750 Probes
Range of X
VT Range
Volume
5.0 mm BBI
31P to 109Ag
-40°C to +100°C
1.1 μl
5.0 mm BBO
31P to 109Ag
-40°C to +100°C
36 μl
5.0 mm QXI (1H,31P,... |
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• 800 MHz NMR Denali (Liquids) |
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Highlighted Research Applications
Structural biology
Protein structure and dynamics
Nuclei acid structure and dynamics
Metabolomics
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic
Commercial Solid-State NMR Probes
800 Probes
Top Speed
Range of X
Range of Y
VT Range
Volume
4-mm HXY MAS
25 kHz
31P to 29Si
23Na to 15N
-125°C to +250°C
52 µl
EMSL built Solid-State NMR Probes
800 Probes
Top Speed
Range of X
VT Range
5-mm HX STATIC
STATIC
103Rh – 65Cu
5K to 298K
5-mm HX STATIC
STATIC
103Rh – 11B
RT ONLY
Commercial Liquid-State NMR Probes
800 Probes
Type
VT Range... |
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• 850 MHz NMR Ellis (Solids) |
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Highlighted Research Applications
Characterization of quadrupolar nuclei for materials and biological samples
In situ catalysis investigations via continuous flow (CF) NMR probe for both gases and liquids interacting with solid substrates
Protein structure and dynamics of membrane proteins and metalloproteins via Bio-Magic Angle Spinning (MAS)
Ultra-fast MAS for materials and biological samples (up to 40 kHz).
Researchers may operate the system independently and can be trained to manage fully self-directed operations. Collaborative work with staff scientists is encouraged.
Commercial Solid-... |
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• Atmospheric Pressure Reactor System |
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The atmospheric pressure reactor system is designed for testing the efficiency of various catalysts for the treatment of gas-phase pollutants. EMSL houses several quartz plug reactors designed to hold either extrudate or coated monolith catalysts. A gas inlet capable of mixing up to eight gases plus water is used to simulate the waste stream of interest. A temperature-programmable furnace controls the reactor temperature. After treatment, the gas is sampled by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, a gas chromatograph, and an oxides-of-nitrogen meter.
Individuals may use this... |
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• Atom Probe Tomography |
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The LEAP® 4000 XHR local electrode atom probe tomography instrument enabled the first-ever comprehensive and accurate 3-D chemical imaging studies of low electrical conductivity materials, such as ceramics, semiconductors and oxides. The atom probe is assisting EMSL's efforts to further scientific advancements in interface analysis and microstructural characterization, providing a new tool for understanding the relationship between the nanoscale structure of materials and their macroscopic properties. It's also being used to advance aerosol research.
EMSL's Atom Probe Offers:
Unique... |
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• Biological Atomic Force and Super Resolution Fluorescence Microscope |
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This instrument is housed in EMSL. More details about this instrument will be available soon.
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• C, H, N, S Analyzer |
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The carbon analyzer is used to analyze total carbon (TC), inorganic carbon (IC), total organic carbon (TOC), purgeable organic carbon (POC), and non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC) in solid or liquid samples.
The system comprises a Shimadzu TOC-5000A TOC analyzer, a Shimadzu ASI-5000A autosampler, and a Shimdazu SSM-5000A solid sample module. The TOC-5000A has ultralow sensitivity and measures from 4 ppb to 4000 ppm of total carbon and 4 ppb to 5000 ppm of inorganic carbon. This instrument meets the needs of ultrapure industries, research facilities, and high salt requirements of marine... |
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• Catalysis: UHV Model Catalysts, High Pressure |
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This unique instrument is capable of measuring gas/solid reaction rates under realistic, high-pressure (∼1 atm) conditions using model, low-surface area solid samples. To date, it has been primarily used to measure the kinetics of gas-phase reactions over model heterogeneous catalysts. As with research microreactor (e.g., chemical reaction test stand, RXM-100 catalyst testing and characterization machine) studies of realistic catalyst materials, reaction rates as a function of temperature and varying reagent partial pressures can be measured in this instrument. From such data, a reaction... |
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• Computing: Cascade (Atipa 1440 Intel Xeon-Phi Node FDR-Infiniband Linux Cluster) |
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The 3.4 petaflop system's 23,000 Intel processors have 184,000 gigabytes of memory available, about four times as much memory per processor as other supercomputers. The additional memory will allow scientists to use the processors more efficiently for biology, climate research, chemistry and materials science.
Read more about our computing policies.
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• Computing: Data File Storage (Aurora) (GB) |
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Aurora, EMSL's scientific data archive, is a dedicated computer system specifically designed for long-term storage of data collected by EMSL instruments. It is available at no cost to EMSL users who are part of an active EMSL user project, and follows EMSL's Data Management policies.
Aurora is safe
Designed to safely & securely hold data on a long-term basis
Stores multiple copies of data to protect from data loss in case of media failure
Expertly maintained by skilled information systems professionals from EMSL's Molecular Sciences Computing Group
Monitored continuously for optimum... |
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• Confocal, FLIM & Multi-Photon Fluorescence Microscope |
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This microscopy system integrates seamlessly nonlinear two-photon excitation, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) in one fully automated upright configuration. Nonlinear two-photon excitation allows minimally invasive and deep-penetrating, high-resolution 3D imaging of living systems, and FLIM supports quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for investigating molecular interaction dynamics in living cells. The system also includes differential interference contrast imaging (DIC) to provide cellular context to the fluorescence... |
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• CryoTEM (Tecnai) |
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This FEI Tecnai T-12 cryo-transmission electron microscope (TEM) complements EMSL's broader microscopy suite and JEOL 2010 analytical high-resolution TEM. The cutting-edge capabilities of the T-12 cryo-TEM include: (1) a high-tilt stage that allows image tilt series to be obtained for three-dimensional reconstruction using electron tomography, and (2) a cryostage for observing samples in a frozen-hydrated state. The T-12 cryo-TEM is primarily devoted to biological samples involving morphological and immuno-cyto chemistry studies, but it also supports imaging of samples such as soft materials... |
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• CW X-Band (9.5 GHz) Radiological EPR |
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The Bruker EMX electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer performs continuous-wave magnetic resonance using electron spins to selectively focus on certain types of molecules, such as free radicals and paramagnetic metal complexes, while ignoring the other components of the sample.
Research using this CW-EPR spectrometer focuses on radiochemisty, making it a capability that is unique for user facilities. As such, the instrument provides the researcher with the ability to:
Obtain structural and redox information for samples containing paramagnetic metals such as technetium.
Observe... |
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• CyTOF - Mass Cytometer |
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The CyTOF is a mass cytometer that uses time-of-flight mass spectrometry to quantify the presence of metal-tagged antibodies in single cells in high throughput. The use of metal isotopes as tags allows high throughput screening of individual cells for the expression of more than 40 different proteins simultaneously. In EMSL, we established the tagging of fluorescence in situ hybridization probes with metal isotopes to quantify gene expression in individual bacterial cells in high throughput. This single cell analysis approach supports transcriptomic analysis of multiple genes in single... |
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• Deep Reactive Ion Etching |
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This instrument is newly available to EMSL users. For more information about this instrument and the science it will help enable, see the Microfabrication Capabilities details page [.pdf, 86kb].
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• Dynamic Force AFM (Asylum) |
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The Asylum MFP-3D BIO is a versatile atomic force microscope (AFM) that combines molecular resolution imaging and picoNewton force-based measurements on an inverted optical microscope. It is designed specifically for biological applications and can be used to:
Study individual protein or DNA molecules in situ
Image the surface of living cells
Measure the adhesive forces of proteins on cell surfaces
Conduct single-molecule force spectroscopy of single DNA, protein, and polysaccharide molecules
Conduct nanolithography and manipulation of samples on the nanometer and picoNewton scale.
With the... |
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• Electron and Photon Stimulated Desorption (BES 2) |
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EMSL's non-thermal interfacial reactions instrumentation is available for use in research directed toward understanding non-thermal interfacial processes. Much radiation damage occurs due to the many secondary electrons produced when high-energy radiation penetrates a material. Using this instrumentation, researchers can probe the details of radiation "damage" on both clean and adsorbate-covered surfaces by observing the effects of low-energy electron bombardment of samples. Studies of amorphous ice, as well as a newly developed liquid beam source, permit investigation of non-thermal... |
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• Electron Microprobe |
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Housed in EMSL's RadEMSL (Radiochemistry Annex), the field emission electron microprobe (EMP) enables chemical analysis and imaging of radionuclides with high spatial resolution in radioactive samples.
The EMP allows non-destructive imaging and compositional elemental analysis of solid-phase materials at high spatial resolution with parts per million sensitivity to aid in analysis of inorganic and radionuclide fate and transport in geochemical systems. Its cathodoluminescence capabilities affords identification of episodic growth in minerals. Initial experiments conducted on natural samples... |
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• Electron Spectrometer: Scanning Multiprobe Surface Analysis System - Versaprobe |
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The SMSAS is a multi-technique surface analysis instrument based on elemental mapping using either scanning small spot X-rays or the electronics in the analyzer. This scanning technology provides high-performance micro-area spectroscopy, chemical imaging, and secondary electron imaging with high spatial resolution.
For X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), this system will include a:
Monochromatic, high-resolution Al X-ray source
Non-monochromatic dual-anode X-ray source
High-resolution hemispherical analyzer.
In addition, the system will include an intense He lamp for ultraviolet... |
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• Electron Spectrometer: XPS with Laser Interface |
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This ultrahigh vacuum machine can be applied as a routine means for analyzing the structure and chemical state of surface and near-surface constituents with a spatial resolution of 10 μm and an energy resolution of less than 0.2 eV. It is equipped with state-of-the art charge neutralization and charge balance capability, so that not only conducting and semi-conducting materials may be sampled, but wide-band gap, non-conducting materials (minerals, metal-oxides, ceramics, etc.) also may be analyzed. Special modifications include several quartz and lithium fluoride laser ports, such that... |
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• Environmental FIB/SEM (Quanta) |
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The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a new-generation SEM that can image samples under controlled environments and temperatures. Three-dimensional section analysis morphology, focused ion beam, electron backscattering diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis make this a versatile instrument for the user program. This instrument provides added capability in SEM imaging with an advanced ability to analyze wet and insulating materials as well as samples at elevated temperatures under controlled gaseous environments.
This instrument:
Provides precise 3D imaging and... |
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• Environmental TEM |
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EMSL's environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM) is a state-of-the-art, Cs-corrected field emission gun (FEG) scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an Environmental Cell infrastructure for controlled gas inlet into the sample/holder area and analysis of the chemical composition of the atmosphere in this area. The ETEM will allow researchers to perform microscopic and spectroscopic in situ measurements relevant to catalytic and geochemical studies important to energy and environmental applications and is expected to answer important questions about the... |
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• Epitaxial Thin Film XRD |
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Systems Configuration and Operational Overview
All work involving the following systems and any experiments conducted in EMSL laboratories must be performed in compliance with EMSL practices and permits.
The four-circle X-ray diffractometer is a PANalytical X'Pert MRD PRO system with a horizontal, high-resolution Ω-2Θ goniometer (320 mm radius). An open Eulerian cradle provides two additional axes of rotation (-90° < ψ < 90°, and -360° < Φ < +360°). The X-ray source is a long-fine-focus, ceramic X-ray tube with Cu anode. Normal operating power is 45 kV, 40 mA (1.8 kW). The sample... |
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• Fluorimeter |
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EMSL's SPEX Fluorolog 2 is a high-sensitivity fluorescence spectrometer used for measuring excitation and emission spectra of solids and solutions. The instrument is equipped with single photon counting capabilities in the ultraviolet and visible, with maximum instrument efficiency ranging from 200 nm to 700 nm. Fluorescence detection can be extended into the infrared (0.8 μm to 1.7 μm) with use of a liquid nitrogen cooled germanium detector.
All work with this instrument and in EMSL labs must be performed in compliance with EMSL practices and permits.
The instrument's built-in light source... |
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• FTIR Microscope |
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Two Bruker Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers (IFS66 and IFS66/V) with visible, near-, mid- and far-infrared (IR) capabilities are available at EMSL. With these unique resources, infrared or Raman spectrum of a host of different species—including the most challenging of samples—can be obtained. Examples of work using these FTIRs include:
Determining the structure and dynamics of interlayer water and chloride ions in hydrotalcite (Wang et al. 2003)
Determining water content in oil samples (Foster et al. 2001)
Speciating vegetative bacteria (Thompson et al. 2003)
Determining... |
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• Geochemistry AFM (Icon) |
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The Geochemistry Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is able to measure the structural, topographic, electrical, and magnetic properties of a wide range of mineral surfaces and affixed microorganisms. The new AFM has multiple sample environments. It can image in ambient conditions and fluids and will be equipped with a sample heating and cooling stage with a range of at least -30°C to 200°C. The software interface, scan speeds, and image resolution represent significant upgrades from existing instrument. Additionally, it has the following imaging modes: contact, intermittent contact, phase imaging... |
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• Helios FIB/SEM |
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The FEI Helios Nanolab dual-beam focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) microscope combines two important high-resolution microscopy tools that jointly enable important nanoscale measurements and the unique preparation of samples and materials for other uses or analysis. This instrument will provide rapid and selected region preparation of samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and other spectroscopies; three dimensional analyses of nanoscale materials and other small objects; and the capability for nanoscale lithography. Functionally, the instrument includes... |
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• Helium Ion Microscope |
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The Helium Ion Microscope promises to advance biological, geochemical, biogeochemical, and surface/interface studies using its combined surface sensitivity and high-resolution microscopy functions. The HIM is equipped with a Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) capability that identifies atomic elements. In the future, the RBS capability will allow 3-D chemical analysis when paired with an improved spectrum detector. EMSL'S Helium Ion Microscope Offers:
Ultra-high resolution — reveals fine structure details and allows chemical visualization of nanostructures and biological samples... |
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• High Field W-Band (95 GHz) EPR |
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The W-band pulsed EPR spectrometer, introduced in 2011, is one of only two of its design worldwide. It uses a Quasi-optical bridge and an induction-mode probe to provide the highest possible pulsed performance with deadtimes of less than 30 ns (potentially much less, depending on sample tuning). With a 1-kW peak pulsed power and 1-GHz bandwidth EIK amplifier, it is capable of /2 pulses less than 8 ns. Both non-resonant waveguide and Fabry-Pérot sample holders are used. The 89-mm bore Varian magnet has permanent leads and a persistent mode switch, allowing the main field to either be swept or... |
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• High Resolution EELS |
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EMSL's ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surface chemistry-high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) system is designed to study the molecular-level chemistry of adsorbates on metal oxide surfaces. This system is equipped with several spectroscopic tools that follow changes in adsorbate chemistry, including HREELS, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet photoemission and (electronic) electron energy loss spectroscopies. This system also contains an ion gun for sample cleaning, and an Auger electron spectrometer and low-energy electron diffraction system for characterizing... |
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• High Resolution Microprobe XPS |
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The Physical Electronics Instruments (PHI) Quantum 2000 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) is a unique system that uses a focused monochromatic aluminum K X-ray beam that can be varied in size from as small as 10 μm in diameter to approximately 200 μm. The beam can be rastered over larger areas (about 0.5 mm2).
The PHI Quantum 2000 XPS features:
A focused X-ray beam (10 μm to 200 μm)
Beam raster capability to millimeter sizes
Optical- (charge-coupled diode camera) and X-ray-generated electron images (scanned X-ray image-SXI) to select areas of analysis
A special specimen holder for angle... |
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• High Resolution, Ultrafast SFG Vibrational Spectroscopy |
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Recently built and only available at EMSL, this customized SFG-VS spectrometer employs the synchronization of a 100-picosecond amplifier laser, which provides unprecedented spectral resolution, and a <40 femtosecond amplifier laser, which provides sufficient ultrabroad infrared spectral coverage, making it the first instrument in the world to provide <1 cm-1 spectral resolution in the surface vibrational spectrum with sub-monolayer sensitivity. In comparison to scanning systems, the broadband SFG-VS spectrometer provides fast and accurate line shape measurement in the surface... |
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• Hybrid Thin Film Deposition System |
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Only available at EMSL, the Discovery Deposition System has been customized to be a fully automated multi-functional "hybrid" instrument with several modes for thin film processing, including multi-target sputtering, effusion cell deposition, electron beam deposition, and in-situ reflection high-energy electrondiffraction (RHEED) materials characterization.
Unlike most systems, the Discovery® Deposition System's unique configuration offers operational flexibility, efficiency, and control, allowing a range of applications and materials to be processed simultaneously. Because it is software... |
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• Ice Nucleation Chamber |
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PNNL’s custom-built ice nucleation chamber is available to EMSL users to study the ice nucleating properties of atmospheric particles or aerosols in-situ under user-defined conditions. These conditions are designed to simulate mixed-phase and cirrus clouds, and generate data to reduce the uncertainty related to these clouds in predicting the Earth’s radiation budget and climate.
The nucleation section of the chamber consists of two parallel plates that are controlled and maintained at a desired supercooled temperature to generate defined ice supersaturated conditions. Aerosols are drawn into... |
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• ICP-MS (Quadrupole) |
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The Agilent 4500 Series inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) is available for all research areas requiring analysis of trace metals in liquid samples. The equipment is equipped with an autosampler.
Sample Preparation Options
The laboratory that houses this instrument contains the necessary support items for sample preparation, including auto pippettes, a balance, nanopure water, and numerous calibration standards. All work with this ICP-MS and in the associated laboratory must be performed in compliance with EMSL practices and permits.
Individuals may use this instrument... |
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• Imaging XPS |
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The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) imaging system provides fast, uantitative, real-time parallel imaging with highest resolution spectroscopy at all analysis areas. In addition, the system is equipped with temperature programmed desorption (TPD), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), a cluster/Ar+ ion gun, and a five-axis automated stage with variable temperature sample environment at the analysis chamber. The system is also integrated with a radial distribution chamber (RDC), a full-size glove box, and a cold-stage at the sample... |
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• Influx - Flow Cytometer Cell Sorter |
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The Influx, a one-of-a kind flow cytometer/cell sorter, provides 5 laser lines simultaneously, powerful detection capabilities and diverse sorting approaches, incorporating cutting-edge technologies to support new sorting modes optimal for complex cell populations. For example, users can sort cells by their proportional DNA content, hybridized mRNA content, and specific protein or molecule content. Cells can be sorted in a two-dimensional pattern that replicates the pattern on a bivariate dot plot, enabling subset identification in complex mixtures of cells. Multiple collection options,... |
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• Intermediate Flow Cells |
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This instrument is housed in EMSL. More details about this instrument will be available soon.
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• Ion Chromatograph |
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This ion chromatography capability comprises two Dionex DX-500 modular chromatography systems that can be configured to conduct fully automated analysis of anions, organic acids, inorganic cations, ammonium, amines, and metals.
The systems feature quaternary gradient pumps; autosamplers; thermostated column compartments; and conductivity, electrochemical, and ultraviolet detectors. The systems are also equipped with online eluent generators that eliminate the preparation of common eluents used in ion analysis. A wide variety of columns are available that can be optimized for specific... |
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• Ion Torrent Proton |
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A description of this instrument is in the works.
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• Ion Torrent Proton |
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The Ion Proton™ system is designed for high-throughput sequencing using semiconductor technology that directly translates chemical information into digital data, eliminating the need for optics and complex sequencing chemistries. EMSL currently has two Ion Proton™ systems together with the two Ion Chef™ systems for sample preparation. In EMSL, we use the Proton system mainly for RNA-Seq, with a focus on meta-transcriptomic analysis of complex microbial communities, and whole transcriptome analyses of plants, fungi and other organisms relevant to bioenergy, climate change or carbon cycling in... |
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• Laser Desorption Analysis |
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EMSL offers a suite of instrumentation dedicated to understanding photoreactivity in the condensed phase, on surfaces, and at material interfaces. In addition, a variety of continuous wave and pulsed laser sources are available that are capable of providing tailored photoexcitation from the extreme ultraviolet through mid-infrared. Pulse durations of these instruments range from several nanoseconds to less than 100 femtoseconds.
Laser desorption and ablation from surfaces is a powerful experimental tool used for studying the energetics and dynamics of the interaction of molecules with... |
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• Laser Desorption Analysis |
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EMSL offers a suite of instrumentation dedicated to understanding photoreactivity in the condensed phase, on surfaces, and at material interfaces. In addition, a variety of continuous wave and pulsed laser sources are available that are capable of providing tailored photoexcitation from the extreme ultraviolet through mid-infrared. Pulse durations of these instruments range from several nanoseconds to less than 100 femtoseconds.
Laser desorption and ablation from surfaces is a powerful experimental tool used for studying the energetics and dynamics of the interaction of molecules with... |
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• Liquid Chromatograph |
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The Agilent 1100 Series liquid chromatography system is used for all research areas that require quantitative determination of nonvolatile and thermally labile chemicals. This instrument is equipped with three detectors:
Photodiode array
Refractive Index Detector variable wavelength detector
Micromass Platform II mass spectrometer.
A wide variety of columns also are available, depending on chromatography needs. Control, automation, and data handling are accomplished using either MassLynx™ NT® software, Hewlett Packard ChemStation, or the Agilent 1100 Series control module.
PERFORMANCE... |
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• Liquid He CryoTEM |
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The JEOL JEM-3000SFF was designed for high-resolution cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of biological samples and expands EMSL/PNNL capabilities in three important ways: First, the sample stage is cooled by liquid helium and reaches temperatures as low as 4 Kelvin which improves resistance to electron beam induced damage. Second, the 3000SFF has a top entry stage for insertion of TEM grids that is more stable and completely mitigates vibrational issues that can limit atomic resolution imaging for more conventional side entry microscopes. Third, the 3000SFF operates at an... |
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• Live Cell Single Molecule Fluorescence Microscope |
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This time-lapse fluorescence microscope with single molecule detection sensitivity is used to follow individual molecules or organelles in their native intact cellular environment over time. This system enables the study of dynamic processes at the molecular level to under mechanisms underlying cellular functions.
Constructed by EMSL scientists using commercial components, the system consists of multiple lasers coupled to a high-end wide-field microscope and a CCD camera with single molecule detection sensitivity Using 200x magnification and several laser lines with a precise power control... |
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• Low Temperature Photoelectron Spectroscopy |
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This experimental facility couples an electrospray ionization source to a magnetic-bottle time-of-flight photoelectron spectrometer. It has been developed to investigate multiply charged anions and solution phase species in the gas phase. A low-temperature electrospray ion source, in which a solution sample containing the anions is sprayed through a syringe needle under negative bias, produces multiply charged anions. This facility features a low temperature ion trap, which can control ion temperature between 10 and 400K. This has significantly expanded our research capability and... |
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• Low Temperature UHV STM/AFM |
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EMSL's ultra-high vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe microscope instrument, or UHV LT SPM, is the preeminent system dedicated to surface chemistry and physics at low temperatures down to 5 K. Operating at low temperatures provides high mechanical stability, superior vacuum conditions, and negligible drift for long-term experiments. With thermal diffusion being entirely suppressed, stable imaging becomes possible even for weakly bound species. The system is primarily used for probingsingle-site chemical reactivity, while the combination with a hyperthermal molecular beam allows the study... |
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• Mammalian Cell Culture |
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The cell culture facility is adjacent to the microscopy suite, where bio-hoods, CO2 incubators, benchtop centrifuges, 37°C water baths and a shakers are available for cell growth and manipulations. The facility supports the growth of eukaryotic primary cells or cell-lines, including human cell lines.
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• Mass Spectrometer: Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance |
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More details on this instrument will be available soon.
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• Mass Spectrometer: FT-ICR, 6T (Ion Surface Collisions) |
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The 6-Tesla High-Field Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer (FT-ICR MS), is a unique instrument designed and constructed at EMSL. It was designed to incorporate surface-induced dissociation (SID) as an excitation method for complex ions. The instrument is equipped with a high-transmission electrospray ionization source (ESI) and an intermediate pressure matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) source for efficient ionization of large molecules. The ESI source consists of an ion funnel, a mass-resolving quadrupole, and an external ion accumulation cell. Ions... |
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• Mass Spectrometer: Orbitrap |
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This instrument is housed in EMSL. More information about this instrument will be available soon.
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• Mass Spectrometer: 21T FTICR |
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EMSL’s 21 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer, or 21T FTICR MS, is one of only two in the world with this high of a magnetic field strength. The 21T FTICR MS significantly enhances EMSL’s overall mass spectrometry analytical and characterization performance in terms of sensitivity, dynamic range, accuracy, resolution and speed.
The 21T FTICR mass spectrometer’s high field strength allows for higher resolution and higher mass accuracy measurements that ensure identification of molecular constituents in complex samples and materials.
This unprecedented level of... |
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• Mass Spectrometer: Aerosol, time-of-flight, high resolution |
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The Quadrupole Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (QAMS) manufactured by Aerodyne Inc., was added as a capability in the EMSL user facility in 2004 and the Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (TOF-AMS) in 2005. The AMS quantitatively measures the size and chemical composition of volatile/semi-volatile submicron aerosols. The AMS is designed to provide quantitative composition information on ensembles of particles. The QAMS combines a linear quadrupole mass spectrometer and standard vacuum techniques with recently developed aerosol sampling techniques to provide limited single particle... |
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• Mass Spectrometer: Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-MS), High Resolution (Element XR) |
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This high-resolution ICP-MS complements the isotopic capabilities of the Neptune by providing highly accurate and sensitive elemental concentrations of relevant samples. The high resolution of the Element II allows reduction of molecular interferences that can limit ICP-MS accuracies without collision cell or other similar methods. The high efficiency interface and the double-focusing ion optics of the Element II system additionally and importantly enable the ultimate in ICP-MS detection sensitivities to be attained (part-per-quadrillion level concentration detection limits are achievable).... |
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• Mass Spectrometer: Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-MS), Multi-Collector (Neptune Plus) |
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The Neptune is a mid-resolution, multi-collector ICP-MS instrument capable of simultaneous collection of up to nine elemental/isotopic masses, allowing state-of-the-art determination of isotopic ratios across the periodic table. Installation and acceptance of this instrument was completed in February 2011. Although no research has been performed beyond an initial exploration of the Neptune's capabilities, potential users have been contacted in both the academic and DOE scientific communities. In addition, EMSL has initiated the process to purchase a custom laser ablation unit with an image... |
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• Mass Spectrometer: Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-MS), Ultra-High Resolution |
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The Exactive MS provides ultra-high resolution MS capability and will be coupled with elemental/isotopic ion sources to provide truly unique and singular high-resolution ICP-MS measurements well beyond the capability of the Element II ICP-MS. Groundbreaking work performed at PNNL has demonstrated resolution measurements of >200,000 R (m/∇m), compared to the maximum R=12,000 measurements obtained with the Element II system. Initial experiments with the Exactive have been targeted toward preliminary assessment of a novel, potentially significant new atomic ion source. It is a low-flow... |
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• Mass Spectrometer: Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Time of Flight |
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We have several separation platforms combining liquid chromatography (LC) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) based separations with TOF mass spectrometry for increased throughput and sensitivity in proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, natural organic matter, and others. These platforms are typically targeted for science questions requiring higher throughput analysis of biological systems or a structural based separation or analysis. Each separation technology, LC, IMS, and TOF-MS, are tailored to the specific application including optimized resolution, sensitivity, and throughput.... |
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• Mass Spectrometer: Linear Ion Trap Quadrupole (LTQ) Orbitrap MS - for environmental research (nanoDESI) |
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Nano-DESI/HRMS analytical platform allows in-depth molecular characterization of very small samples of organic materials (down to 10 ng) and volumes while maintaining high sensitivity and acquisition of mass spectra at high mass resolution. HPLC-PDA/HRMS platform is used for focused studies of light absorbing environmental organics. Both platforms are used in a variety of environmental research projects relevant to atmospheric aerosol chemistry, aquatic and soil chemistry, MS imaging of biological samples.
Research Applications
Atmospheric Aerosols Chemistry – molecular level... |
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• Mass Spectrometer: Proton Transfer Reaction (PTRMS) |
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A time series of toluene measurements (every 15 sec. with dwell time of 2 sec.) as the Battelle G-1 aircraft flew west across Seattle towards the town of Bremerton. The black trace shows the 0.1 to 3 um particle concentration while the red trace gives the 3 - 20 nm particle concentration. The 3-20 nm particle size range is indicative of newly formed particles. The spike in this size range at 2:48 PM coincides with a spike in toluene concentration, suggesting evidence for the role of anthropogenic hydrocarbons in new particle formation.
EMSL's field-deployable Proton Transfer Reaction Mass... |
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• Mass Spectrometer: Single Particle (SPLAT II) |
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SPLAT II is a second-generation Single Particle Laser Ablation Time-of-Flight mass spectrometer. A high-precision and unique instrument, it allows users to study the fundamental processes that govern the chemistry and physics of particles on the nano- and micro-scales. SPLAT II's applications include but are not limited to climate, air pollution, human health, bioterrorism, and emerging nanotechnologies.
Portability is a hallmark of SPLAT II—it is the first field-deployable instrument that provides, in real time, the size, density, shape, fractal dimension, and composition of individual... |
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• Mass Spectrometer: Time of Flight Secondary Ion (ToF SIMS) - 1997 |
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The Physical Electronics Instruments (PHI) Model T2100 time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) is used to perform research activities such as:
Identifying organic overlayers or contamination spots or layers on diverse surfaces ranging from mineral grains to silicon chips
Simultaneous mapping of the surface distribution of elements or molecules within an area of 10 x 10 to 400 x 400 microns or more, often in combination with identifying elements or molecules
Identifying depth distribution of elements within materials such as thin films or in particles deposited on a... |
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• Mass-Selected Ion Deposition System - Electrospray Source |
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The mass-selected ion deposition system is a new instrument constructed at EMSL. The apparatus, shown in Figure 1, includes a high-transmission electrospray ion source, quadrupole mass filter, bending quadrupole that deflects the ion beam and prevents neutral molecules originating in the ion source from impacting the surface, an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber for ion deposition by soft landing, and a vacuum-lock system for introducing surfaces into the UHV chamber without breaking vacuum. Its design allows us to control soft landing energies (0-500 eV) and spot sizes from around 5 mm down to... |
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• Microbeam XRD |
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EMSL's microbeam diffractometer is a Rigaku rotating anode with micro focus optics, automated x-y stage, and a curved image plate detector. Both Cu and Cr anodes are available for use. With specialized optics and collimators, the highest spatial resolution is 10 microns; unfocused 500 microns.
Two-dimensional detectors, such as curved image plate detectors, afford collection of a larger section of the Ewald sphere. This has many advantages, including decreased data collection time required for the same signal-to-noise ratio.
Possible Sample Geometries
Fiber mount — small particles or... |
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• Microbial Bioreactors |
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EMSL provides resources for the controlled growth of diverse microbial cell types, at scales ranging from 100 µl wells to multi-liter reactors, for downstream analyses in a wide array of EMSL capabilities. The Bioscreen-C instrument allows the automated, real-time growth rate analysis of up to 200 independent wells for determining the effect of media composition on the growth of microbial cells. The Micro-24 bioreactor consists of 24 independently controlled reactors (5-7 ml cultures) to support the growth of microorganisms. Each reactor cassette is independently monitored and controlled for... |
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• Microfabrication Laboratory (Clean Room) |
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EMSL's microfabrication laboratory provides a significant research and development capability for microstructures, microsensors, and microanalytical systems. Unlike highly automated industrial production equipment, EMSL's microfabrication equipment is flexible and multipurpose. The equipment supports a variety of microprocessing activities, including:
Thin film deposition
Thermal processing
Microphotolithography
Chemical etching
Inspection and characterization
Optical profilometry
Bonding and packaging
Testing and measurement.
Equipment Description and Operational Overview
EMSL's... |
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• Molecular Beam Epitaxy |
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EMSL's molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) deposition system is used for the synthesis and characterization of novel oxide, ceramic, and mineral materials as crystalline films. These materials are of significant interest in a variety of scientific and technological fields, including electronics, magnetics, magneto-optics, photonics, thermal and photo- catalysis, and geochemistry. EMSL's MBE deposition system consists of a PNNL-designed, customized MBE chamber with:
An electron cyclotron resonance plasma gas source for O2 and/or N2
An ozone (O3) collection and delivery unit
Four electron-beam... |
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• Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Multi-source |
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Resembling Sputnik, the ozone- or oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy system is designed to enable the growth of crystalline metal, alloy, or oxide films of transition metal and select alkaline earth elements with an unprecedented degree of stoichiometric control. The versatile deposition chamber is connected to a surface analytical chamber via an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) transfer line. Integral to the entire system is a combination loadlock and sample preparation chamber for sample introduction and preparatory conditioning.
Multiple samples can be housed under UHV conditions... |
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• Molecular Beam Kinetics |
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Molecular beam scattering from surfaces is a powerful experimental tool for studying the dynamics and kinetics of the interaction of molecules with surfaces. The coupling of surface science, molecular beam, and laser technologies makes possible the measurement of total energy disposal and redistribution in gas-surface scattering. Previously, these experimental methods were used to acquire detailed surface kinetics and state-to-state scattering measurements of molecules interacting with metallic substrates. While such experiments have resulted in a fairly detailed understanding of surface... |
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• Multimode AFM (Nanoscope) |
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The Digital Instrument (DI) Nanoscope IIIa multimode scannning probe microscope is primarily used to obtain topographical information on nanostructures, nanodevices, and quantum dots; thin films (oxide surfaces, spintronics, magnetic storage, and semiconductors); geological and geochemical samples; protein and biomolecule structures at surfaces; and samples undergoing electrochemical and corrosion processes. Resolution ranges from the submicron-length scale (nanoscale) to the atomic level. This powerful instrument allows the user to obtain surface roughness statistics, image small nanosized... |
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• Multipurpose XRD |
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All work involving the following systems and any experiments conducted in EMSL laboratories must be performed in compliance with EMSL practices and permits.
The special applications X-ray diffractometer is a PANalytical X'Pert MPD system with a vertical Θ-Θ goniometer (220 mm radius). The X-ray source is a long-fine-focus, ceramic X-ray tube with Cu anode. Normal operating power is 45 kV, 40 mA (1.8 kW). This instrument is equipped with two beam paths: focusing and parallel beam optics. The focusing optics consist of programmable divergence, anti-scatter, and receiving slits; incident and... |
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• Nano-SIMS |
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EMSL's novel, new-generation ion microprobe extends high spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analysis to extremely small areas (down to 50 nm) and volumes while maintaining high sensitivity (e.g., ppm in element imaging) at high mass resolution. NanoSIMS can measure up to seven ions in parallel, offering perfect isotopic ratio results from the same small volume for perfect image superimposition. NanoSIMS can be used for enhanced imaging of cellular structures; simultaneous imaging of elements/isotopes on minerals and soft surfaces at the nanoscale; and imaging... |
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• Nanoimprint Lithography |
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This instrument is newly available to EMSL users. For more information about this instrument will be available soon.
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• PALM - Laser Capture Microdissection |
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This Laser Capture Microdissection system is equipped with 100 x objective lens for enriching distinct organelles, or isolating single cells from cell populations or tissue sections, including cryosections or paraffin sections, as well as fresh tissue, such as plants, for further omics or imaging analyses. The system is integrated within a high-end wide-field fluorescence microscope that provides multiple excitation and emission channels and high sensitivity CCD camera to enable the detection of distinct organelles or cells within complex samples.
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• Photoemission Electron Microscope |
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EMSL's photo-emission electron microscope (PEEM) is capable of imaging nanoscale surface structures ( ~ 8 nm) via electron emission induced by ultraviolet and laser light sources. The PEEM is applied to surface science studies of individual nanostructures and catalytic sites on specially designed metal, semi-conducting, and metal oxide substrates. Because these sites are of nanometer dimension, EMSL selected the highest resolution PEEM available from the manufacturer, Elmitec. The Elmitec PEEM uses inherently low-aberration magnetic lens elements. A complementary suite of ultrafast lasers... |
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• Photomask Aligner |
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This instrument is newly available to EMSL users. For more information about this instrument and the science it will help enable.
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• Pore Scale Micromodels |
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The pore-scale micromodel flow and transport lab is part of EMSL's Subsurface Flow and Transport Laboratory (SFTL) with a focus on coupled (multiphase) flow, diffusion, and reactions processes at the microscopic scale (μm to cm) that affect the fate and transport of contaminants in the subsurface and geological sequestration of CO2.
The pore-scale micromodel laboratory features a variety of tools for scientific users, including:
A HORIBA Jobin Yvon Raman spectroscopy system with 532- and 632-nm lasers combined with a Nikon Eclipse Ti epifluorescence microscope for mineral and microbe... |
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• Powder XRD |
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System Configuration and Operational Overview
All work involving the following systems and any experiments conducted in EMSL laboratories must be performed in compliance with EMSL practices and permits.
The general purpose X-ray diffractometer is a PANalytical X'Pert MPD system with a vertical Θ-Θ goniometer (190-mm radius). The X-ray source is a long-fine-focus, ceramic X-ray tube with Cu anode. Normal operating power is 40 kV, 50 mA (2.0 kW). The system optics consist of programmable divergence, anti-scatter, and receiving slits; incident and diffracted beam soller slits; a curved,... |
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• Pulsed Laser Deposition |
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EMSL's pulsed laser deposition (PLD) system is designed for epitaxial growth of oxide, ceramic, or synthetic mineral thin films and is composed of the following:
An electro-polished stainless-steel chamber pumped via a turbo molecular pump and backed by a rotary scroll dry pump
An excimer laser (KrF) for excitation at 248 nm
Three standard mass flow control units for precise and reproducible process gas flow during deposition
An electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma gas source
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) for real-time monitoring of the surface structure and... |
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• Pulsed/CW X-Band (9.5 GHz) EPR |
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The Bruker Elexsys 580 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer performs continuous wave and pulsed magnetic resonance using electron spins to selectively focus on certain types of molecules, such as free radicals and paramagnetic metal complexes, while ignoring the other components of the sample.
Research using this spectrometer focuses on in situ experiments, making it a capability that is unique for user facilities. As such, the instrument provides the researcher with the ability to:
Obtain structural and redox information for samples containing paramagnetic metals, including... |
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• Radiological AFM |
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EMSL's Digital Instruments Radiological BioScope™ Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) allows radiological samples to be examined in fluids or air with little or no sample preparation and can be used to examine heterophase processes on mineral surfaces and to image three dimensional topography of radiological samples.
The microscope supports all major AFM-imaging techniques and modes, including contact and intermittent contact (TappingMode™) force-volume, lateral force, force modulation, phase, lift, etc. The controller enables simultaneous acquisition through up to four independent data... |
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• Radiological FIB/SEM (Quanta) |
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The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a new-generation SEM that can image samples under controlled environments and temperatures. Three-dimensional section analysis morphology, focused ion beam, electron backscattering diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis make this a versatile instrument for the user program. This instrument provides added capability in SEM imaging with an advanced ability to analyze wet and insulating materials as well as samples at elevated temperatures under controlled gaseous environments.
This instrument:
Provides precise 3D imaging and... |
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• Radiological Powder XRD |
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The Rigaku Miniflex 600 diffractometer housed in RadEMSL (EMSL’s radiochemical annex) is a benchtop instrument suitable for identification and structural analysis of a range of crystalline materials. It operates in a coupled θ-2θ mode to provide standard powder diffraction patterns from a variety of sample forms. EMSL’s expertise and diffraction software are available to provide detailed analysis, including:
Phase identification, from the most recent ICDD database of more than 350,000 patterns
Measurement of lattice parameters
Size/strain analysis based on line broadening
Quantitation and... |
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• Radiological TEM (ARM) |
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Located in RadEMSL (Radiochemistry Annex), the JEM-ARM200CF transmission electron microscope (TEM) enables atomic resolution of biogeochemical spatial associations, mineral identification and oxidation state determination of radiological samples. The JEM-ARM200CF TEM enables structure analysis with atomic resolution in TEM and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) modes. Furthermore, it allows elemental and chemical bonding analysis of single atomic columns via energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) from Gatan and the Gatan digital... |
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• Radiological XPS |
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Housed in RadEMSL (EMSL's Radiochemistry Annex), the AXIS Ultra X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS) integrates a magnetic immersion lens and charge neutralization system with the spherical mirror and concentric hemispherical analyzers. The hemispherical analyzer includes a delay-line detector (DLD) for state-of-the-art spectroscopic energy resolution and detection sensitivity. Small spot capabilities (<15µm) are achieved via a series of selected area apertures used in combination with the magnetic and electrostatic lenses. In parallel imaging mode photoelectrons are transferred to the... |
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• Scanning Probe AFM Compound Microscope |
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The atomic force microscope (AFM) compound microscope is designed primarily for fluorescence imaging in the study of nanoscale chemical processes, such as interfacial electron transfer and organic thin film devices. This high-resolution, highly sensitive instrument provides correlated optical and topographical images, with the image resolution beyond the optical diffraction limit.
The instrument is equipped with a Nikon inverted microscope (Model: Diaphot); Digital Instrument AFM (Model: Bioscope); raster scanning device (constructed by EMSL scientists); and single photon counting detectors... |
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• Scanning TEM |
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EMSL's aberration-corrected Titan 80-300™ scanning/transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) provides high-resolution imaging with sub-angstrom resolution and spectroscopic capabilities. This state-of-the-art instrument is equipped with a Schottky field-emission electron source, an electron gun monochromator, a CEOS hexapole spherical aberration corrector for the probe-forming lens, a high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) detector, an X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS) and a high-resolution GIF. The selection of electron energy between 80kV and 300kV enables optimized imaging for a variety of materials... |
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• Scattering IR SNOM |
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The scattering-type near-field optical microscope is truly a one-of-a-kind, state-of-the-art high resolution chemical imaging system developed through a partnership with Professor Markus Raschke at the University of Colorado-Boulder. It is designed to provide spectroscopic infrared vibrational near-field nanoimaging that provides ultrahigh spatial resolution down to 10 nm, vibrational spectral information in the 700 to 5000 cm-1 (14 to 2 µm) range, sensitivity down to the molecular level, and applicability under ambient and environmental conditions. This instrumentation enables temperature... |
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• SFTEL: Flow Cell |
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EMSL's Subsurface Flow and Transport Experimental Laboratory offers several meter-scale flow cells and columns for research in saturated and unsaturated porous media. The laboratory is also equipped with a fully automated, state-of-the-art dual-energy gamma radiation system that can be used to simultaneously and nondestructively determine saturation of two immiscible fluids (water/nonaqueous phase liquid [NAPL], water/air, NAPL/air), bulk density and water content, and water content and salt concentration. However, potential research is not limited to NAPL investigations; any flow, transport... |
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• SIM - Structured Illumination Super Resolution Fluorescence Microscope |
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EMSL's super resolution fluorescence structured illumination microscope, or SIM, is part of a suite of non-conventional, cutting-edge, high-spatial and temporal resolution microscopes that allow users to gain new insights into living cells.
Classified as a super resolution fluorescence microscope, SIM delivers significantly higher spatial resolution imaging than conventional light microscopes. The SIM's resolving power is about 120-130 nanometers, about two to three folds higher resolution than the 250-300 nanometers resolving power of the confocal fluorescence microscope.
SIM allows... |
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• Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscope |
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The single-molecule o fluorescence microscope is designed to study complex reaction dynamics such as enzymatic reactions, protein-protein interactions, and interfacial electron transfer process. It is designed and adapted specifically for single-molecule spectroscopy experiments.
Constructed by EMSL scientists, this instrument comprises an inverted optical microscope, a variety of continuous-wave and pulsed lasers, optics, spectrometers, and ultrasensitive photon detectors. Researchers use this instrument to study a variety of samples in solid phase and solution. For solid-phase experiments... |
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• Spectrometer: Mossbauer |
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Mössbauer spectroscopy is a type of nuclear spectroscopy involving the resonant emission and absorption of γ-rays (i.e., the Mössbauer effect). The Mössbauer technique provides information about the valence state, coordination number, crystal field strengths (e.g., low spin and high spin Fe(III)), and magnetic ordering temperatures. In contrast to X-ray diffraction (XRD), it also provides information on compounds that do not exhibit long-range order (poorly crystalline or amorphous materials). Common Fe-oxide phases such as magnetite and hematite, are readily distinguished from each other... |
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• STM/AFM (PicoSPM) |
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EMSL's Molecular Imaging, Inc. PicoSPM™ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)/atomic force microscopy (AFM) supports a wide range of scanning-probe techniques used to examine surfaces of diverse materials such as conductive and nonconductive minerals, bacterial biofilms, and self-assembled protein monolayers. The microscope incorporates temperature control, fluid cells, and an environmental chamber that collectively allow imaging of air- and moisture-sensitive samples under controlled conditions.
The microscope supports most AFM imaging techniques, including contact and intermittent-contact... |
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• Stopped-Flow Absorbance/Fluorescence Spectrometer |
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The Bio-Logic® SFM-400/S is a 4-syringe stopped-flow system that offers the capability to carry out complex, multi-mixing experiments with the lowest rates of aging and deadtimes. The 4-syringe system offers a minimum deadtime of 0.25 ms with a microcuvette. In tests conducted in EMSL using regular cuvettes, an instrument deadtime of less than 1 ms with the FC08 (0.8-mm light pathlength) or ~ 2 ms with the FC10/100 (10-mm light pathlength) was easily achieved. The small sample volume of less than 0.03 ml makes the system ideal for experiments such as those involving biological reactants for... |
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• STORM/PALM - Super Resolution Fluorescence Microscope |
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EMSL has developed and offers Fluorescence, Super Resolution STORM (stochastic optical reconstruction microscope), also known as PALM (photo-activated localization microscopy). STORM is a fully automated super-resolution fluorescence microscope that enables fluorescence imaging of the intact cell with nanometer resolution. It incorporates single-molecule fluorescence techniques to reconstruct super-resolution images using software that automatically acquires and analyzes data in real time.
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• Sum Frequency Generation for Surface Vibrational Spectroscopy |
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This customized SFG-VS spectrometer incorporates unique polarization and incident angle control to enable versatile measurement of the surface vibrational spectroscopy of various molecular interfaces with submonolayer sensitivity. The spectral resolution of this system is about 4-6 cm-1, significantly better than most other broadband SFG-VS spectrometers, which typically have a spectral resolution of ˜15 cm-1. This robust and easy-to-use system is meant to work together with the FemtoPico HR-BB-SFG-VS spectrometer for routine SFG-VS measurements and screening samples. Work published in the ... |
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• Time-of-Flight SIMS |
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This ultrahigh vacuum surface analytical system is designed to examine surface structure, composition, and chemical state by means of secondary ion detection during ion sputtering. The instrument will be furnished with a C60 ion gun, a liquid metal ion gun with Bin+sources, and a Cs+/O2+ sputter ion gun with emission current stabilizers. The capabilities include surface spectroscopy with high sensitivity and mass resolution, surface imaging with high lateral resolution, depth profiling with high depth resolution, and 3-D analysis. The ability to provide cluster ions, such as Bin+ and C60+,... |
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• Transient Kinetic Analysis |
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EMSL recently constructed a transient kinetic analysis (TKA) apparatus (in collaboration with the University of Washington) to elucidate reaction mechanisms and identify the rate-determining steps in heterogeneous catalysis for processes related to reactions of the hydrogen economy. Systems of interest include, but are not limited to, reforming of small oxygenates, PROX, and water-gas shift chemistries. These investigations are made possible using an apparatus that can perform a transient interrogation of catalyst-adsorbed species by rapid-scan transmission Fourier-transform ion resonance (... |
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• Variable Temperature STM/AFM |
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EMSL's ultra-high vacuum, variable-temperature scanning probe microscope system, or UHV VT SPM, is a state-of-the-art surface science tool comprising multiple complementary probes. It offers atomic-resolution imaging in a temperature range of 50-500 K with a continuous and fast temperature variation and under UHV conditions. This instrument is primarily used to study model catalytic systems and associated surface thermal and photochemistry at ambient and elevated temperatures, including various anifestations of adsorption dynamics, such as precursor states, transient motion of dissociated... |
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• Variable Temperature UHV STM/AFM |
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The Omicron variable temperature ultra-high vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (VTSTM) is designed to study the structure of both clean and adsorbate-covered solid surfaces. As a real space probe, emphasis is placed on examining defect structures and understanding their role in heterogeneous chemical processes. Sample temperatures during imaging can nominally range from 30 K to 1500 K. At low temperatures, even weakly bound adsorbates can be imaged due to the reduced thermal diffusion.
Sample Preparation, Handling, and Characterization
The system is equipped with a sample load-lock... |
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• X-ray Computed Tomography |
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X-ray computed tomography (XCT) of subsurface geological field cores affords visualization of pore structure and connectivity at the tens of microns spatial resolution for large-diameter cores. The large sample environment size and various X-ray targets available allows in situ experiments of fluid displacements studies, such as non-aqueous phase organic or supercritical CO2. Experiments are conducted to study pore connectivity in natural rocks and sedimentary cores from the Hanford Site and provide complementary data that enhance EMSL's other Subsurface Flow and Transport capabilities.
The... |
