Waterfowl

Birds with webbed feet for quatic environments, including ducks, geese, and swans.

Waterfowl

These birds have webbed feet and a flat, rounded-tip bill for living in an aquatic environment, excluding seabirds that live in marine environments. This definition includes ducks, geese, and swans. Species may dive deep for fish or mollusks, feed near the surface, filter through bottom sediments, or graze on land. These birds have historically been used by humans for hunting or raised for poultry and eggs. As most waterfowl are migratory, they may be at greater risk of collision with offshore wind turbine blades. Construction of devices may temporary displace waterfowl while access roads and the device footprints may cause loss of habitat. Displacing or reducing waterdowl populations may come under greater scrutiny as hunters are upset.

Photo Credit: "Ross's Goose - Sylvan Heights Waterfowl Park" by Dick Daniels

Total Results: 101
Title Author Research Start Datesort ascending Type of Content Technology Type Stressor Receptor
Monitoring of Wintering Geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "St Nikola" Territory and the Kaliakra Region in Winter 2014/2015 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. April 2015 Report Land-Based Wind Waterfowl
Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Offshore Wind Turbines Furness, B., Wade, H. February 2012 Report Offshore Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Analysis of Bird and Marine Mammal Data for Billia Croo Wave Test Site, Orkney Robbins, A. January 2012 Report Wave Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals
Analysis of Bird and Marine Mammal Data for Fall of Warness Tidal Test Site, Orkney Robbins, A. January 2012 Report Tidal Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals
Habitat Use, Disturbance and Collision Risks for Bewick's Swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii Wintering Near a Wind Farm in the Netherlands Fijn, R., et al. January 2012 Journal Article Land-Based Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Waterfowl
Searches for dead birds in Smøla wind-power plant area 2011 - annual report Reitan, O. January 2012 Report Land-Based Wind Dynamic Device Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm 2010 Construction Environmental Monitoring Report Saunders, S. January 2012 Report Offshore Wind Energy Removal, Noise Waterfowl, Marine Mammals
Migration and Habitat Use by Seabirds in the Atlantic Flyway: Evaluation of Potential Impacts of Proposed Wind Farms Berlin, A. January 2012 Presentation Offshore Wind Static Device Seabirds, Waterfowl
Wildfowl 62 Rees, E., Fox, A. January 2012 Book Waterfowl
Effect Studies Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee - Final Report on Fluxes, Flight Altitudes and Behaviour of Flying Birds Krijgsveld, K., et al. November 2011 Report Offshore Wind Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan (MEMP): Ecological Analysis Data Wells, R., Shenton, S. November 2011 Presentation Offshore Wind Benthic Invertebrates, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Marine Mammals
Light-Induced Bird Strikes on Vessels in Southwest Greenland Merkel, F., Johansen, K. November 2011 Journal Article Lighting Seabirds, Waterfowl, Navigation
Report on a Red-throated Diver Agent-Based Model to Assess the Cumulative Impact from Offshore Wind Farms Topping, C., Petersen, I. November 2011 Report Offshore Wind Waterfowl
Night Migration of Songbirds and Waterfowl at the Utgrunden Off-Shore Wind Farm: A Radar-Assisted Study in Southern Kalmar Sound Pettersson, J., Fågelvind, J. July 2011 Report Offshore Wind Passerines, Waterfowl
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon Johnson, G., Erickson, W. May 2011 Report Land-Based Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Bats, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem
SeaGen Tidal Turbine - An Exercise in Adaptive Management Ainsworth, D. April 2011 Presentation Tidal Dynamic Device, Noise, Static Device Seabirds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals
Comparing Pre- and Post-Construction Distributions of Long-Tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis in and around the Nysted Offshore Wind Farm, Denmark: A Quasi-Designed Experiment Accounting for Imperfect Detection, Local Surface Features and Autocorrelation Petersen, I., et al. January 2011 Report Offshore Wind Waterfowl
Samlet belastning av vindkraftutbygging på fugl: standardvilkår for for- og etterundersøkelser May, R., et al. December 2010 Report Wind Energy general Seabirds, Waterfowl, Farfield Environment
Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm: Diver Surveys 2009-10 Percival, S. November 2010 Report Offshore Wind Waterfowl
Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus Migration in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Griffin, L., Rees, E., Hughes, B. October 2010 Conference Paper Offshore Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Waterfowl
Ocean Wind Power Ecological Baseline Studies Final Report - Volume 2: Avian Studies Geo-Marine Inc July 2010 Report Offshore Wind Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Spatial Distribution, Abundance and Flight Ecology of Birds in Nearshore and Offshore Waters in Rhode Island Paton, P., et al. June 2010 Report Seabirds, Waterfowl
Monitoring of Wintering Geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Park "Sveti Nikola" Territory and the Kaliakra Region in Winter 2009/2010 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. May 2010 Report Land-Based Wind Waterfowl
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway (Bird Wind): Progress Report 2009 Bevanger, K., et al. December 2009 Report Wind Energy general Dynamic Device, Static Device Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway Progress Report 2009 Bevanger, K., et al. December 2009 Report Land-Based Wind Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Preliminary Flora and Fauna Assessment - Penshurst Wind Farm McMahon, A., Marr, R. October 2009 Report Land-Based Wind Static Device Bats, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem, Terrestrial Mammals
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments Smallwood, K., Rugge, L., Morrison, M. September 2009 Journal Article Offshore Wind Dynamic Device Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Avian Sensitivity to Mortality: Prioritising Migratory Bird Species for Assessment at Proposed Wind Farms Desholm, M. June 2009 Journal Article Offshore Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Environmental Assessment Registration Document - Fundy Tidal Energy Demonstration Project Volume I: Environmental Assessment AECOM June 2009 Report Tidal Benthic Invertebrates, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics
Aerial Surveys Of Round 3, Zone 5 For Waterbirds - Final Report WWT Consulting May 2009 Report Offshore Wind Seabirds, Waterfowl
Annual Report for the Maple Ridge Wind Power Project Post-Construction Bird and Bat Fatality Study - 2008 Jain, A., et al. May 2009 Report Land-Based Wind Bats, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring of Bird Migration Skov, H., et al. May 2009 Report Offshore Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Barriers to Movement: Impacts of Wind Farms on Migrating Birds Masden, E., et al. February 2009 Journal Article Wind Energy general Static Device Waterfowl
The State of the Birds United States of America 2009 North American Bird Conservation Initiative January 2009 Report Land-Based Wind Seabirds, Waterfowl
Analysis of Bird and Marine Mammal Data for Billia Croo Wave Test Site, Orkney Robbins A. January 2009 Research Study Annex IV Wave Dynamic Device, Static Device Seabirds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway: Progress Report 2008 Bevanger, K., et al. December 2008 Report Wind Energy general Dynamic Device, Static Device Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway Progress Report 2008 Bevanger, K., et al. December 2008 Report Land-Based Wind Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Animal Behavioral Adaptation to Changing Landscapes: Spring-Staging Geese Habituate to Wind Farms Madsen, J., Boertmann, D. November 2008 Journal Article Land-Based Wind Static Device Waterfowl
Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring of Migrating Waterbirds Piper, W., et al. October 2008 Report Offshore Wind Static Device Seabirds, Waterfowl
Avian Issues for Offshore Wind Development Allison, T., Jedrey, E., Perkins, S. June 2008 Journal Article Offshore Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Waterfowl
Full Scale Trial of High Definition Video Survey for Offshore Windfarm Sites Mellor, M., Maher, M. June 2008 Report Offshore Wind Waterfowl
Barrow Offshore Wind Farm Post-Construction Monitoring Report Barrow Offshore Wind Ltd January 2008 Report Offshore Wind Dynamic Device, Energy Removal, Noise, Static Device Benthic Invertebrates, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish
Green Light to Birds: Investigation into the Effect of Bird-Friendly Lighting van de Laar, F. December 2007 Report Lighting Passerines, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Modelling Total Numbers and Distribution of Common Scoter Melanitta nigra at Horns Rev Petersen, I. November 2007 Report Offshore Wind Waterfowl
Breeding and Overland Flight of Red- Throated Divers (Gavia stellata) at Smøla, Norway, in relation to the Smøla wind farm Halley, D., Hopshaug, P. October 2007 Report Land-Based Wind Dynamic Device Waterfowl
Further Use of Aerial Surveys to Detect Bird Displacement by Offshore Windfarms Maclean, I., Skov, H., Rehfisch, M. October 2007 Report Offshore Wind Static Device Seabirds, Waterfowl
Potential Use of Population Viability Analysis to Assess the Impact of Offshore Windfarms on Bird Populations Maclean, I., Frederiksen, M., Rehfisch, M. September 2007 Report Offshore Wind Seabirds, Waterfowl
Ecological Baseline Studies for the Hatchet Ridge Wind Energy Project, Shasta County, California Young, D. Jr., et al. August 2007 Report Land-Based Wind Bats, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Flight Speeds among Bird Species: Allometric and Phylogenetic Effects Alerstam, T., et al. August 2007 Journal Article Passerines, Waterfowl
Annual Report for the Maple Ridge Wind Power Project Post-construction Bird and Bat Fatality Study - 2006 Jain, A., et al. June 2007 Report Land-Based Wind Bats, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
The Possible Effects of Wind Energy on Illinois Birds and Bats Illinois Department of Natural Resources June 2007 Report Land-Based Wind Bats, Raptors, Waterfowl
Effects of Wind Turbines on Flight Behaviour of Wintering Common Eiders: Implications for Habitat Use and Collision Risk Larsen, J., Guillemette, M. April 2007 Journal Article Wind Energy general Dynamic Device, Static Device Waterfowl
Changes in Bird Habitat Utilisation around the Horns Rev 1 Offshore Wind Farm, with Particular Emphasis on Common Scoter Petersen, I., Fox, A. April 2007 Report Offshore Wind Static Device Seabirds, Waterfowl
Poor Evidence-Base For Assessment Of Windfarm Impacts On Birds Steward, G., Pullin, A., Coles, C. February 2007 Journal Article Wind Energy general Dynamic Device, Static Device Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Collision Mortalities at Horseshoe Shoal of Bird Species of Special Concern Hatch, J., Brault, S. January 2007 Report Offshore Wind Dynamic Device Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Proceedings of the Effects of Oil on Wildlife: Research, Rehabilitation, and General Concerns Massey, J. January 2007 Conference Paper Chemicals Ground-Nesting Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Farfield Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics
Use of Aerial Surveys to Detect Bird Displacement by Offshore Windfarms Maclean, I., et al. October 2006 Report Offshore Wind Static Device Seabirds, Waterfowl
A Review of Goose Collisions at Operating Wind Farms and Estimation of the Goose Avoidance Rate Fernley, J., Lowther, S., Whitfield, P. June 2006 Report Land-Based Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Aerial Surveys of Waterbirds in Strategic Wind Farm Areas Bloor, P., Wratten, A. May 2006 Report Offshore Wind Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
The Effect of Avoidance Rates on Bird Mortality Predictions Made by Wind Turbine Collision Risk Models Chamberlain, D., et al. March 2006 Journal Article Wind Energy general Dynamic Device Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
The Development and Use of Individuals-Based Models to Predict the Effects of Habitat Loss and Disturbance on Waders and Waterfowl West, A., Caldow, R. March 2006 Journal Article Marine Energy general, Offshore Wind Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Nearfield Habitat
Distribution and Behaviour of Common Scoter Melanitta nigra Relative to Prey Resources and Environmental Parameters Kaiser, M., et al. March 2006 Journal Article Offshore Wind Waterfowl, Ecosystem
Impacts on Biodiversity of Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources: The Example of Birds and Bats Hötker, H., Thomsen, K., Jeromin, H. January 2006 Report Wind Energy general Dynamic Device, Static Device Bats, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
The MINOS Project: Ecological Assessments of Possible Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Projects Kellermann, A., Eskildsen, K., Frank, B. January 2006 Book Chapter Offshore Wind Noise, Static Device Seabirds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals
Kaheawa Pastures Wind Energy Generation Facility: Habitat Conservation Plan Kaheawa Wind Power LLC January 2006 Report Land-Based Wind Bats, Seabirds, Waterfowl
A Spring 2005 Radar, Visual, and Acoustic Survey of Bird and Bat Migration at the Proposed Clayton Wind Project in Clayton, New York Stantec Consulting Inc September 2005 Report Land-Based Wind Bats, Raptors, Waterfowl
Avian Collision Risk at an Offshore Wind Farm Desholm, M., Kahlert, J. June 2005 Journal Article Offshore Wind Dynamic Device Waterfowl
TADS Investigations of Avian Collision Risk at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm Desholm, M. January 2005 Report Offshore Wind Dynamic Device Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl
The Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Bird Life in Southern Kalmar Sound, Sweden Pettersson, J. January 2005 Report Offshore Wind Static Device Waterfowl
Bird Numbers and Distributions in the Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm Area Petersen, I. January 2005 Report Offshore Wind Seabirds, Waterfowl
Bird and Bat Behavior and Mortality at a Northern Iowa Windfarm Jain, A. January 2005 Thesis Land-Based Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Bats, Waterfowl
Preliminary Investigations of Bird-Turbine Collisions at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm and Final Quality Control of Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) Desholm, M. January 2005 Report Offshore Wind Dynamic Device Seabirds, Waterfowl
Nocturnal Bird Migration in Northeastern Oregon and Southeastern Washington Mabee, T., Cooper, B. October 2004 Journal Article Passerines, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary: Seabirds List National Marine Sanctuaries July 2004 Website Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Investigations of Birds During Construction and Operation of Nysted Offshore Wind Farm at Rødsand Kahlert, J., et al. January 2004 Report Offshore Wind Dynamic Device, Noise, Static Device Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Base-Line Investigations of Birds in Relation to an Offshore Wind Farm at Rødsand: Results and Conclusions, 2002 Desholm, M., et al. September 2003 Report Offshore Wind Static Device Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Baseline Avian Studies for the Proposed Hopkins Ridge Wind Project, Columbia County, Washington: Final Report Young, D. Jr., et al. April 2003 Report Land-Based Wind Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Collision Potential of Eiders and Other Birds Near a Proposed Windfarm at St. Lawrence Island, October-November 2002 Day, R., et al. March 2003 Report Land-Based Wind Dynamic Device Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Avian Bat Mortality Associated with the Initial Phase of the Foote Creek Rim Windpower Project, Carbon County, Wyoming Young, D. Jr., et al. January 2003 Report Land-Based Wind Dynamic Device Bats, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS): Development of a Method for Estimating Collision Frequency of Migrating Birds at Offshore Wind Turbines Desholm, M. January 2003 Report Offshore Wind Dynamic Device Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Synthesis and Comparison of Baseline Avian and Bat Use, Raptor Nesting and Mortality Information from Proposed and Existing Wind Developments Erickson, W., et al. December 2002 Report Land-Based Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Bats, Raptors, Waterfowl
High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments - Marine Habitats and Species Project Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H., Jones, H. August 2002 Report Offshore Wind Dynamic Device, EMF, Energy Removal, Noise, Static Device Benthic Invertebrates, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem, Farfield Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat, Socio-economics
Collision Mortality of Local and Migrant Birds at a Large-Scale Wind-Power Development on Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Johnson, G., et al. August 2002 Journal Article Land-Based Wind Dynamic Device Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Postdevelopment Experiments to Detect Anthropogenic Disturbances: The Case of Sea Ducks and Wind Parks Guillemette, M., Larsen, J. June 2002 Journal Article Offshore Wind Static Device Waterfowl
Predicting the Displacement of Common Scoter Melanitta nigra from Benthic Feeding Areas Due to Offshore Windfarms Kaiser, M., et al. March 2002 Report Offshore Wind Static Device Waterfowl
Potential Wind Park Impacts on Whooper Swans in Winter: The Risk of Collision Larsen, J., Clausen, P. January 2002 Journal Article Land-Based Wind Waterfowl
Assessment of the Effects of Offshore Wind in Birds Percival, S. January 2001 Report Offshore Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Seabirds, Waterfowl
Effects of Wind Turbines and Other Physical Elements on Field Utilization by Pink-Footed Geese (Anser brachyrhynchus): A Landscape Perspective Larsen, J., Madsen, J. December 2000 Journal Article Land-Based Wind Static Device Waterfowl
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment Noer, H., et al. January 2000 Report Offshore Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Nocturnal flight activity of sea ducks near the windfarm Tunø Knob in the Kattegat Tulp, I., et al. December 1999 Report Offshore Wind Waterfowl
Impact Assessment of an Off-shore Wind Park on Sea Ducks Guillemette, M., Larsen, J., Clausager, I. March 1998 Report Offshore Wind Noise, Static Device Waterfowl
Bird Flight Characteristics Near Wind Turbines in Minnesota Osborn, R., et al. January 1998 Journal Article Land-Based Wind Passerines, Waterfowl
Predicting the Response of Bird Populations to Wind Energy-Related Deaths Morrison, M., et al. January 1998 Conference Paper Land-Based Wind Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem
Nocturnal Flight Patterns and Altitudes of Diving Ducks in the IJsselmeer Area Dirksen, S., et al. December 1997 Journal Article Offshore Wind Waterfowl
Development of a Practical Modeling Framework for Estimating the Impact of Wind Technology on Bird Populations Morrison, M., Pollack, K. November 1997 Report Land-Based Wind Dynamic Device, Static Device Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Assessing Impacts to Birds from the Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Windplant Development Erickson, W., et al. June 1997 Conference Paper Land-Based Wind Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Bird Casualties Caused by a Wind Energy Project in an Estuary Musters, C., Noordervliet, M., terKeurs, W. March 1996 Journal Article Offshore Wind Dynamic Device Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Avian use of proposed KENETECH and CARES wind farm sites in Klickitat County, Washington: Technical report Jones & Stokes Associates Inc January 1995 Report Land-Based Wind Raptors, Waterfowl
Manual for Aeroplane and Ship Surveys of Waterfowl and Seabirds Komdeur, J., Bertelsen, J., Cracknell, G. December 1992 Report Seabirds, Waterfowl
Examination of the Effects of Disturbance of Birds with Reference to its Importance in Ecological Assessments Hockin, D., et al. December 1992 Journal Article Static Device Shorebirds, Waterfowl

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