EMF

Electromagnetic Fields

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are generated around cables and substations that transmit or store electricity. Offshore renewable energy generated at sea is transported to shore through large power export cables along the seabed, while land-based wind energy may often transport the electricity through large overhead power lines. The movement of electricity induces both an electric field and a magnetic field, which are collectively referred to as EMF. The distance over which the EMF persists is dependent on the strength of the signal and the density of the surrounding material. Electric fields can be contained by shielding and undersea cables will commonly be buried under sensitive intertidal habitat; however, magnetic fields are not easily contained. In addition to the naturally occurring geomagnetic fields on earth, EMF from cables and devices are thought to potentially cause changes in behavior, migratory navigation, development rate, and reproductive success. Marine organisms at high risk include species of elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays), finfish including some species of sturgeon and eels, and sea turtles.