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Mozambique
Last Updated: April 2016
Overview
Map of Mozambique
- There have been prolific natural gas discoveries in Mozambique's northern offshore Rovuma basin since 2010 that have the ability to transform Mozambique into a substantial exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG). However, international companies involved have not made a final investment decision and LNG exports are unlikely to start before 2020.
- Although Mozambique's Tete Province is estimated to hold large untapped coal reserves, the development of Mozambique's coal resources has presented major challenges. The country's coal mines are far from the coast, and inland transportation and port capacity restraints have limited production. The economics of producing and transporting Mozambican coal under the current low price climate is unfavorable. As a result, some major companies have either fully or partially divested their coal assets in Mozambique, which has slowed the pace of infrastructure development necessary to alleviate production and transportation bottlenecks.
Natural gas
- According to the Oil & Gas Journal, Mozambique holds 100 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proved natural gas reserves, up from 4.5 Tcf a few years ago, placing the country as the third-largest proved natural gas reserve holder in Africa, after Nigeria and Algeria.
- Mozambique currently produces a small volume of natural gas. In 2014, Mozambique produced almost 198 billion cubic feet (Bcf) of natural gas, according to Cedigaz data. Most of Mozambique's production was exported (134 Bcf) to South Africa via the 535-mile Sasol Petroleum International Gas Pipeline, and the remainder was consumed locally (64 Bcf).
- The U.S.-based Anadarko and Italy-based Eni are leading exploration activities in Mozambique's offshore Rovuma Basin. Anadarko made several natural gas discoveries in Area 1 (Prosperidade and Golfinho/Atum complexes), amounting to more than 75 Tcf of recoverable gas resources. Eni's natural gas discoveries are in Area 4 (Mamba complex and the Coral site), and recoverable gas resources are estimated to be more than 85 Tcf.
- The Prosperidade and Mamba Complexes straddle the boundaries of Area 1 and 4, and unitization (joint development of reserves that are under separate licenses) between the overlapping areas is required under Mozambican law. Anadarko and Eni have agreed to develop 12 Tcf of natural gas each in the overlapping area and construct a LNG facility with two trains with a capacity of 6 million tons (288 Bcf) per year each. The LNG project is expected to cost $15 to $17 billion. Anadarko and Eni are expected to reach a final investment decision to develop the gas resources and build the LNG facility by 2017. Also, Eni is considering independently building a 2.5-Mmtpa (or 120 Bcf) floating LNG facility in Area 4.
- Because of the high costs to develop an LNG facility, the Mozambican government is considering a proposal to construct a pipeline from Rovuma to Gauteng, South Africa to deliver gas to Mozambican towns along the pipeline route before delivering the natural gas to South Africa. SacOil, a company backed by South African Investors, is spearheading the proposal and has partnered with China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau. The pipeline is estimated to cost $6 billion, but that amount may be underestimated, as cost overruns are common with pipelines built in the area, according to Newsbase AfrOil.
Coal
- Mozambican coal production increased to 6.7 million short tons in 2013, up from 39,000 short tons in 2010. In 2013, Mozambique exported more than 4.2 million short tons, which mostly went to Asia, Europe, and South Africa. Mozambique consumes a small fraction of its coal production, and the reminder that is not exported is stored.
- The pace of coal production growth in Mozambique has slowed, although some progress is still being made to expand the industry. Lower global demand for coal and lower prices, coupled with severe infrastructure constraints to transport and export coal in Mozambique, have lowered the commercial viability of the country's coal production. In addition, Mozambique produces a much larger portion of thermal coal (used for power generation) and a smaller portion of coking coal, also known as metallurgic coal (mostly used to produce steel). Generally, thermal coal is less profitable than coking coal.
- Brazil's Rio Tinto, a major investor in Mozambique's coal industry, sold its coal assets in October 2014 to India's International Coal Ventures Private Ltd after experiencing substantial financial losses from its coal operations in Mozambique. The government had denied Rio Tinto's request to ship its coal by barge down the Zambezi River, which contributed to the company's decision to pull out. Another major investor, Brazil's Vale, has sold stakes in its coal operations and its Nacala rail and port project to Japan's Mitsui & Co Ltd after experiencing similar financial losses.
- Coal exports are transported via the rehabilitated 360-mile-long Sena railway from the inland Moatize coal mines (Tete Province) to the Beira port. Sena's capacity is roughly 6.6 million short tons (6 million metric tons) per year if fully operational, but its actual throughput is much less and trains cannot run at full speed. The Sena line's capacity has not been enough to accommodate the rapid production growth, forcing some companies to limit production and/or truck coal to the coast. There are plans to increase Sena's cargo capacity to 22 million short tons (20 million metric tons) per year. However, plans have been repeatedly delayed.
- Small-scale transportation and exports have started at the Nacala Rail Corridor project. The project connects the Moatize mines to the Nacala port via a 560-mile railway line, and is expected to eventually bring online almost 20 million short tons (18 million metric tons) per year of coal transportation capacity in 2017.
- Coal supply disruptions are common in Mozambique because of floods, rail collapses, and security risks posed by rebel groups.
- Other projects under consideration include: a 326-mile railway line from the Moatize mines to Macuse in the Zambezia province, additional coal export terminals at Nacala, and a new coal terminal at the Beira port.
Electricity
- According to the latest 2013 data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), 66% of Mozambique's population living in urban areas has access to electricity; while a mere 27% of the rural population has access to electricity.
- Electricity net generation in Mozambique was 15 billion kilowatthours in 2013, of which almost all was from hydropower and a very small amount from natural gas. The vast majority of the population relies on traditional biomass and waste (typically consisting of wood, charcoal, manure, and crop residues) for household heating and cooking.
Project Feedback
Read what others are saying about this project.
12/01/2016 - Italy
First of all, congrats for this huge and helpful dataset!Secondly, how can I recover the data for Biodiesel production and see them in the chart/table? The Source button seem not to do any changes.. Thanks a lot again
11/28/2016 - Colombia
It would be easier, if when using metric units, instead of writing "billion kWh" you would specify whether this is 10^9 (as in english speaking countries) or 10^12 (everywhere else). Am I correct to assume 1 billion kW equal 1 GW?
11/19/2016 - Missouri, United States
International energy - consumption per capita years 2010 and 2011 seem wildly out of line with the previous years. US goes for 308 to 69,595 in 2010? Seems incorrect
11/11/2016 - Indiana, United States
I very much liked the previous version where excel downloaded data was much easier to work with. With this new version and the way it generates excel files when we download data, it takes me a huge amount of time to effectively use a downloaded file.
11/11/2016 - Virginia, United States
Per capita consumption data for 2011 by continent is coming up strangely. For global consumption of 529 Quad BTUs, it's showing per capita 9.5 trillion BTUs (which would assume a world pop. ~56,000).
11/02/2016 - India
Hi, great work with the interface. However, there are parts of the database that we could access in the previous version, that we are unable to access here (Imports and exports of petroleum crude and products, consumption of renewable energy in QTBTU among others). It would be great if these issues were cleared up asap so as to improve usability and access to data. Thank you!
10/24/2016 - India
Hi, We are unable to download crude oil and refined petroleum products imports by country. Kindly help.
10/13/2016 - Iran
Can you please create new links for your new things? I just saved a link for total renewable electricity net consumption, every time I just use this link address, but this time because of your update, it was not found. It makes me confused, I need this data in excel format, I search all of your website, I did not find this variable data/
10/11/2016 - New York, United States
The old system to download data was much easier - why fix something that worked well. I saw a comment that person can download all countries - I can not find that. Can you please direct me to it - thanks
10/01/2016 - Texas, United States
I'm just curious why the data period ends at 2013 - it's now Oct 2016 - seems like there should be data at least thru 2015. Has the beta site been replaced? Am I just in the wrong place?
09/28/2016 - Japan
I'm using the data for elec. generation (e.g. PV or wind) for my own research. Before this version, the data were down to 3 to 4 decimal places. However, only 1 decimal seems to be shown in Beta. It would be more useful and helpful for research if some options for more decimal place were added or units could be modified (e.g. other than billion kWh for generation). Thanks.
09/13/2016 - Norway
Hi, this gives me a very interesting picture of the global energy sector. Thank you.
08/29/2016 - Texas, United States
The organization of downloaded CSV data makes the data almost unusable. All headers for each country are shown as having equal value to the country itself so the data cannot be sorted without losing the country identification. I downloaded All Countries>Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Production. Column B makes every heading equal i.e., the country and various information headings. It is unfortunate that a download cannot be directly used but it is frustrating that as an expert Excel user I cannot easily determine a way to organize the data in a way that makes it usable. Thanks, Art Berman
08/16/2016 - Texas, United States
Really helpful and easy to use.
08/12/2016 - United Kingdom
Excellent. This is much easier to navigate and use.
07/27/2016 - Brazil
Excelent job! What does the "other liquids" in Total Petroleum and Other Liquids Production 2015 include?
07/18/2016 - India
Very useful data. However, it would be great if you could mention how much of India's energy (especially oil and gas) imports come by sea, in order to get a clearer picture of India's energy imports.
06/23/2016 - United Kingdom
I was using your import figures for china i.e. the pie chart for percentage world wide imports 2014 and when added up it is 99% rather than 100.
06/22/2016 - Japan
More new information will be helpful to understand global enegy situation.
06/15/2016 - Ecuador
Srs, I am probably one of the thousands readers that are eager to learn of the new information produced by EIA. Excellent, by the way. OPEC report on revenue is very informative. Our governments always keep us in the dark. Why???. Thank you
06/07/2016 - United Kingdom
Amazing data, thank you very much!
05/25/2016 - China
Very helpful information!! Well researched, clear figures and graphs.
05/18/2016 - California, United States
There is no data available for the petroleum or natural gas reserves in the U.S.A.
05/01/2016 - Australia
It is incredibly frustrating trying to view the data you want. Today I simply want to view the imports of crude oil in bbld in South Africa. BTU is a completely unhelpful metric.
04/22/2016 - California, United States
2014?? Where are the production numbers of 2015 and up 4/22/16?
04/03/2016 - United Kingdom
Fantastic resource. Very well researched, clear and easy figures and graphs. Well organised too. Incredible useful!
03/08/2016 - District of Columbia, United States
What a handy tool, thanks!
03/06/2016 - New Jersey, United States
Well organized information with easy access.
02/15/2016 - West Virginia, United States
Very helpful information!
02/14/2016 - China
I like the old version which had a country brief.
02/09/2016 - Saudi Arabia
Excellent work for the country analysis. However, i'm struggling to cite the South African country analysis report....would appreciate if you could sent it
01/30/2016 - Spain
Your website is very useful for me as a teacher, particularly the world thematic maps. My students like it as well. Thanks a lot!
01/22/2016 - Vietnam
Useful data for my work. Thanks sincerely.
01/04/2016 - Canada
Best government website ever
01/02/2016 - Turkey
Goood
12/29/2015 - Michigan, United States
We use your 'Total Electricity Net Consumption' data for comparing countries for a market potential index we create each year. Data in the previous years was available up to 5 decimal places. However, data is available with only 1 decimal place this year (through the beta interface) and comparing countries became a challenge because there are too many countries with the same values now. Is there a way to download the full data-set with all the decimal points available?
12/22/2015 - United Kingdom
Brilliant bit of website, made my life a thousand times easier!
12/06/2015 - Argentina
Excellent!!
11/29/2015 - Malaysia
May I know if there is a latest write up on Malaysia year 2015. The one I have obtained is 2014.
11/21/2015 - Virginia, United States
Terrific article on Brazil...thank you.
11/20/2015 - Egypt
I note that the analysis of energy in Israel in this site is not covered in details as other countries?
11/17/2015 - Michigan, United States
Great PDF file on Canada's energy and trade success! Exactly what I needed to bring me up to speed for my research on Michigan and on the Midwest - thanks! (Mike at McGuire Research)
11/15/2015 - California, United States
Why are your maps so hard to copy and past? It should be easy to get a nice graph of yours.
11/12/2015 - Alabama, United States
I work with Excel spreadsheets. I looked at your Excel download function and examined your Excel spreadsheet. It appears that if I am going to load the data into my spreadsheets, I will have to do one line at a time, each country individualy.
10/06/2015 - United Kingdom
The analysis on South Korea was a very interesting and worthwhile read. Great to see such an informed analysis presented with tables to illustrate it
09/30/2015 - France
Excellent interface, very very efficient. Having global data is definitely a plus. Too bad data goes up to 2012 and does not include 2013 and 2014. Comments coming from an IT manager used to major systems with large databases.
09/12/2015 - India
I always rely on data published by EIA to make various comparisons and analysis reports. This tool makes my job much easier.
09/11/2015 - Russia
Amazing tool, thank you for such a useful application for data export .
08/16/2015 - Colorado, United States
So... Pretty! Really appreciate you guys going the extra mile with your data tools, this makes my research so much more effective. You guys have been an utter joy to work with (not a typical experience for government bureaucracy), and this new beta is the icing on the cake. Thanks for the hard work you have put in to make this information clear and understandable! Looking forward to seeing what you guys cook up in the future.
06/09/2015 - District of Columbia, United States
Why can't I download any of this to spreadsheets? Why can't I download multiple years?
06/01/2015 - Nigeria
Dear Sirs, I have been using your data for almost 20 yrs, in particular the international Petroleum data. I like the granularity provided, by country by month. Unfortunately it seems from the beta site, that I can only access the annual data and only download as a CSV file. Is that correct? regards Casper
05/31/2015 - Virginia, United States
Where are the country pages!!!? I am writing a book chapter and referenced your site, where I found terrific info on India and Japan several months ago. Unfortunately, it appears you deleted those pages. Why?
05/27/2015 - Antarctica
I really love this beautiful webpage! It is very wonderful:) I love learning about this stuff!
05/25/2015 -
I need to access country profiles in .pdf form.
05/20/2015 - New York, United States
Thank you for all the info and help over the past few years. Before the layout, I was able to find annual #s of net exports of petro for each country, and now I have no idea where it is.
05/20/2015 - New York, United States
I am looking for bbl and bcf , not Btu , can you tell me where to look for country's oil bbl and gas in bcf? Thanks
05/20/2015 - Canada
Where can I find the original spreadsheets with the country data for Crude + Condensate and the one for all liquids. The new look is too complicated for me. The spreadsheet is more easily used for good analysis.
05/19/2015 - Texas, United States
Would like a link to the pdf of the entire country analysis brief.