User Science Projects
Lead Institution: UOP LLC
Principal Investigator: Simon Bare
Zeolites are microporous aluminosilicate materials with a wide range of applications including catalysis, water purification, agriculture, and laundry detergents. In the petrochemical industry, zeolites are used as catalysts in a process for the...
Lead Institution: UOP LLC
Principal Investigator: Simon Bare
The aim of this proposal is to build upon our initial success in the exploration of the 3-D location and distribution of the Al and Si atoms in highly relevant and active microporous catalysts, with the aim of directly correlating the distribution...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Zheming Wang
The objective of this study is to investigate the mobility of uranium after reaction of contaminated sediments with phosphate solutions injected at the 300 Area. Boreholes samples that were collected after phosphate injections will be subject of...
Lead Institution: Marine Biological Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Zoe Cardon
The microbial activities on which humanity and ecosystems depend are determined by microbial community membership and by the resources and conditions in the microbes local environments. In order to effectively develop insight into controls over...
Lead Institution: Marine Biological Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Zoe Cardon
Microbial activities on which humanity and ecosystems depend, and which influence climate and support biofuel production, are determined both by microbial community membership and by the resources and conditions in the microbes' local...
Lead Institution: University of California, Berkeley
Principal Investigator: Christopher Somerville
Enzymatic hydrolysis of (ligno)cellulose by cellulases is key for the production of second generation biofuels which represent a long-standing leading theme in the field of sustainable energy. Filamentous fungi are long-known and powerful cellulase...
Lead Institution: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Richard Ferrieri
While nitrogen management is an important agronomic trait in any cropping system, it is of particular concern for future bioenergy crops that will be grown on sub-optimal soils lacking this essential resource for sustainable plant growth. Use of N...
Lead Institution: Colorado State University
Principal Investigator: Paul Demott
Biological particles may be an important source of ice nucleating particles (INPs) at modestly supercooled cloud temperatures. These particles can thus have large effects on precipitation and climate. Unfortunately, little is known about the types...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Zheming Wang
One of the challenges in experimental investigations of actinide complexes is to determine their structures, bonding, and stabilities in solids and solutions. Our recent TRLIF work on U(VI), the single most important element in spent nuclear fuel...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Richard Corley
The United States is one of the top nations for prematurely born infants and has a correspondingly high dayone infant mortality rate. Expanding our understanding of alveologenesis is a critical step toward promoting proper lung formation in preterm...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Charles Ansong
The United States is one of the top nations for prematurely born infants and has a correspondingly high dayone infant mortality rate. Expanding our understanding of alveologenesis is a critical step toward promoting proper lung formation in preterm...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Charles Ansong
The United States is one of the top nations for prematurely born infants and has a correspondingly high dayone infant mortality rate. Expanding our understanding of alveologenesis is a critical step toward promoting proper lung formation in preterm...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jerome Fast
Our hypothesis is that a better understanding of fast-reacting processes is needed to make a breakthrough in parameterizing secondary organic aerosols (SOA) for the next generation climate models. To investigate this hypothesis, we propose to...
Lead Institution: Florida State University
Principal Investigator: Rachel Wilson
Peatlands store 1/3 of all soil carbon (C) and currently act as net C sinks sequestering C as a complex mixture of organic compounds. The anoxic, water-logged, cool conditions of boreal peatlands slows decomposition of those organic compounds,...
Lead Institution: University of Washington
Principal Investigator: Rebecca Neumann
The proposed project will advance understanding of the response of methane production and methane oxidation to changes in plant productivity so that modeled representations of these processes and interactions can improve. Wetland plants both enhance...
Lead Institution: University of Washington
Principal Investigator: Rebecca Neumann
The proposed project will advance understanding of the response of methane production and methane oxidation to changes in plant productivity so that modeled representations of these processes and interactions can improve. Wetland plants both enhance...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Steven Singer
Ciliate protists are ubiquitous in terrestrial environments, but their role in biomass deconstruction in these environments remains undefined. In this project, this consortium will be cultivated on 13C-labeled cellulose and single cell 13C...
Lead Institution: University of California, Davis
Principal Investigator: Christopher Cappa
Atmospheric aerosols have a profound effect on climate by scattering and absorbing solar and terrestrial radiation. They can be predominantly scattering (e.g., sea-salt aerosol), predominantly absorbing (e.g., black carbon), or have intermediate...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Nigel Browning
The first goal of this research program is to develop a robust method to quantify the atomic scale changes in structure, composition and bonding that occur at interfaces under a variety of environmental conditions. Although (scanning) transmission...
Lead Institution: Washington University in St. Louis
Principal Investigator: Marcus Foston
Lignin obtained from lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant, renewable, low-cost resource whose carbon-rich, aromatic composition makes it ideal to displace some petroleum-based feedstocks as chemical precursors. This project addresses challenges...
Lead Institution: Pennsylvania State University
Principal Investigator: Daniel Cosgrove
This is a proposal to use advanced solid-state NMR methods to elucidate the architecture and arrangement of cell walls of plants, grass species in particular. It was conceived within and will be carried out with strong participation from the DOE-...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Dallas Reilly
PNNL is home to state of the art research capabilities, which are often underutilized on radioactive samples due to non-dispersion requirements and limits on sample quantity that can enter workspaces. This gap highlights the need for PNNL to advance...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Donald Camaioni
This proposal aims to provide molecular insight into elementary reaction steps and their kinetics in condensed phases at an atomic and molecular level, which rivals the currently possible insight into catalysis at the gas-solid interface....
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Marvin Warner
Quantum information science is an up and coming area of research aimed to transform computing capabilities in the future. The use of quantum bits, or qubits, in place of traditional bits is predicted to yield extraordinary processing power suitable...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Marvin Warner
Quantum information science is an up and coming area of research aimed to transform computing capabilities in the future. The use of quantum bits, or qubits, in place of traditional bits is predicted to yield extraordinary processing power suitable...
Lead Institution: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jian Wang
With their extensive coverage, low clouds greatly impact global climate. Presently, low clouds are poorly represented in global climate models (GCMs), and the response of low clouds to changes in atmospheric aerosols remains a major source of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jon Magnuson
This proposed EMSL Resource Owner project, is a sub-project supporting two DOE-EERE-BETO supported PNNL projects: FY16-17 four-national laboratory Agile BioFoundry (ABF) seed project and a larger FY17-19 nine-national laboratory ABF project. PNNL...
Lead Institution: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: John Moulton
Advancing predictive models of complex environmental systems, such as the Earth's subsurface and terrestrial ecosystems, requires that high-performance computational software and hardware be made accessible to BER scientists. Meeting this...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Aashish Rohatgi
The goal of this proposal is to understand the microstructural evolution during non-equilibrium, rapid solidification of a molten magnesium-aluminum-zinc (AZ91) alloy, and during its subsequent heat-treatment. The microstructure of AZ91 comprises...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Aashish Rohatgi
The goal of this proposal is to understand the microstructural evolution during non-equilibrium, rapid solidification of a molten magnesium-aluminum-zinc (AZ91) alloy, and during its subsequent heat-treatment. Therefore, the objectives of this work...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Aashish Rohatgi
The goal of this proposal is to understand the microstructural evolution during non-equilibrium, rapid solidification of a molten magnesium-aluminum-zinc (AZ91) alloy, and during its subsequent heat-treatment. Therefore, the objectives of this work...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Edgar Buck
The dissolution and precipitation of gibbsite [a-Al(OH)3] and boehmite [a-AlOOH] is of prime importance to the final disposition of high-level nuclear waste (HLW) stored at the Hanford Site. The high aluminum content in the Hanford Tank waste stream...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Edgar Buck
The dissolution and precipitation of gibbsite [a-Al(OH)3] and boehmite [a-AlOOH] is of prime importance to the final disposition of high-level nuclear waste (HLW) stored at the Hanford Site. The high aluminum content in the Hanford Tank waste stream...
Lead Institution: Technische Universität München
Principal Investigator: J. Philipp Benz
The utilization of plant biomass by filamentous fungi requires the orchestrated production and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, followed by transport and intracellular utilization of plant cell wall components. In industrial settings, hydrolytic...
Lead Institution: University of North Carolina Greensboro
Principal Investigator: Qibin Zhang
TITLE: An ultrasensitive mass spectrometry platform for comprehensive analysis of lipids
Abstract: The specific functions of lipids are related to their chemical and physical properties and depend on specific molecular structures. Despite...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Keqi Tang
The specific functions of lipids are related to their chemical and physical properties and depend on specific molecular structures. Despite technological advancements that have made mass spectrometry (MS) an essential tool for biomolecule analysis,...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Richard Brown
Barotrauma as a result of passage through hydroelectric dams is a concern in fish mortality. Here we propose analysis of gas from fish bladders of white sturgeon that have been subjected to simulated conditions which induce barotrauma. Results from...
Lead Institution: University of the Pacific
Principal Investigator: Ryan Moffet
Atmospheric aerosols affect the climate directly by absorbing and scattering radiation and indirectly by impacting the properties and lifetimes of clouds. Aerosol processes, such as wet removal, responsible for the rain out of aerosol from the...
Lead Institution: Michigan State University
Principal Investigator: Jonathan Walton
A critical step in the lignocellulosic biofuels pipeline is the extraction of fermentable sugars from plant biomass. Extracellular fungal enzymes are currently the most effective way of deconstructing biomass, but their efficiency needs to be...
Lead Institution: Northern Arizona University
Principal Investigator: Paul Dijkstra
Understanding how environmental factors affect soil C cycling processes is important, as soil is the largest C pool in terrestrial ecosystems, and any change in its size may feed back to the atmospheric CO2 concentration and ongoing climate change....
Lead Institution: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Principal Investigator: Jason Surratt
Atmospheric chemistry models routinely fail to predict the formation rate, abundance and spatial distribution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). On a global basis, isoprene (C5H8) emissions from terrestrial vegetation are larger than all...
Lead Institution: University of San Diego
Principal Investigator: David De Haan
The goal of this project is to characterize atmospheric brown carbon production during cloud processing through CESAM cloud/smog chamber simulations involving methylglyoxal, amines, and ammonium sulfate aerosol. These compounds have been found to...
Lead Institution: State University of New York at Stony Brook
Principal Investigator: Daniel Knopf
Biomass burning aerosols (BBA) are one of the most ubiquitous organic aerosol types with a source strength on the same order of magnitude as fossil fuel combustion. BBA have significant effects on air quality and climate on local, regional, and meso...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jerome Fast
A major PNNL's research effort funded through DOE's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program focuses on current knowledge gaps in aerosol effects on climate. The overall goal of this project is directly aligned with DOE's Climate...
Lead Institution: Montana State University
Principal Investigator: Stephen Sofie
A critical challenge for high temperature electrochemistry is metallic catalyst stability. Rapid migration of nickel features is a key limitation to the lifetime and therefore, large-scale viability of electro-chemical energy conversion. This...
Lead Institution: University of Oregon
Principal Investigator: Robert Schofield
The jaws, leg claws, stings and other ?tools? of a large fraction of arthropods, some worms and members of other phyla, contain extraordinary amounts of heavy metals or bromine (e.g. Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Br), which we term heavy-element biomaterials...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Arun Devaraj
The jaws, leg claws, stings and other tools of a large fraction of arthropods, some worms and members of other phyla, contain extraordinary amounts of heavy metals or bromine (e.g. Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Br), which we term heavy-element biomaterials...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Danny Edwards
As the worlds population continues to increase, carbon neutral energy resources like nuclear power become increasingly important. A major challenge facing the design of advanced nuclear power systems lies in finding appropriate materials that...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Danny Edwards
A major challenge facing the design of advanced nuclear power systems lies in finding appropriate materials that demonstrate the needed material properties as well as radiation and high temperature resistance. To develop an understanding of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Danny Edwards
To develop an understanding of material performance under neutron irradiation requires detailed knowledge of the evolution of the materials microstructure both before and after irradiation. The damage processes occur at the nanoscale and require...
Lead Institution: University of Cambridge
Principal Investigator: Ian Farnan
This proposal aims to provide the underpinning atomistic understanding of the alteration of spent (used) nuclear fuel in contact with repository groundwaters using the unique combination of facilities available at the EMSL radiological annex. Key...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Simone Raugei
We propose to use EMSL supercomputing resources to gain a molecular level understanding of how substrate binding, electron, and proton delivery are controlled by the nitrogenase metalloenzyme to synthesize ammonia (NH3) from dinitrogen (N2). This...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karl Mueller
The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) is performing transformational research to overcome critical scientific and technical barriers in achieving beyond Li-Ion battery technology. Li-Sulfur redox chemistry is one of the promising...
Lead Institution: University of Washington
Principal Investigator: Rose Ann Cattolico
Background: In the proposed work we will use a newly developed experimental system comprised of the alga Chrysochromulina tobin (Haptophyceae) and a bacterial microbiome of limited number (~10 species), to address functional questions concerning...
Lead Institution: Alfred University
Principal Investigator: Geoffrey Bowers
Our research program strives to provide new insight into the fundamental molecular-scale dynamics, energetics, and reactivity of geochemically relevant solid-fluid interfaces through combined spectroscopy and molecular modeling. These data are...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Metz
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is generally accepted to result from impaired immune tolerance, leading to the autoimmune destruction of islet beta cells. However, the durable preservation of beta cell function in clinical studies utilizing traditional...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Molly O'Hagan
This proposal is in response to the Energy Materials and Processes Science Theme proposal call requesting resources to support three research programs at PNNL: the DOE Basic Energy Sciences "Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis" and...
Lead Institution: The Ohio State University
Principal Investigator: Kelly Wrighton
Terrestrial freshwater wetlands are carbon rich environments that play a significant role in the global release of methane to the atmosphere. Our research provides an understanding of how methane emissions in freshwater wetlands are controlled by...
Lead Institution: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Principal Investigator: John Bargar
Floodplains are hydrologically and biogeochemically dynamic environments that store extensive quantities of carbon, host diverse ecosystems, and serve as interfaces for nutrient and contaminant exchange between surface/subsurface and terrestrial/...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Molly O'Hagan
Three related research programs at PNNL focus on developing bioinspired electrocatalysts for energy storage, energy production, or carbon fixation reactions such as the production and oxidation of hydrogen, reduction of oxygen and nitrogen, alcohol...
Biosystem dynamics and analysis of Rhodobacter sphaeroides strains with increased lipid accumulation
Lead Institution: University of Wisconsin, Madison
Principal Investigator: Timothy Donohue
We are requesting access to EMSL microscopy, including ETEM and STEM electron microscopes and the helium ion microscope, as well as the super resolution structured illumination fluorescence and multi-photon/FLIM integrated confocal microscopes. We...
Lead Institution: Washington State University Tri-Cities
Principal Investigator: Stephen Callister
The exchange of carbon and other nutrients between microorganisms is a key factor in the establishment of microbial interactions and trophic levels. Depending upon the nutrient, the establishment of interactions can be seen as the coupling between...
Lead Institution: University of Arizona
Principal Investigator: Matthew Sullivan
Ocean microbes drive the biogeochemistry that fuels the planet, and their viruses impact microbes through mortality, horizontal gene transfer, and directly manipulating microbial metabolisms. However, our understanding of viral roles in global...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: James De Yoreo
Traditional models of mineral formation through monomer-by-monomer addition have been challenged by recent evidence for crystallization through the addition of "particles," ranging from multi-ion complexes to fully formed nanocrystals. In...
Lead Institution: Sandia National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Blake Simmons
The overall goal of this project is to develop a metabolic map in four targeted organisms using 13C-labeled versions of the lignin-derived model compounds known to be capable of supporting microbial growth by analyzing a time series of growth using...
Lead Institution: University of Michigan
Principal Investigator: Melissa Duhaime
Ocean microbes and viruses are now at the forefront of Earth System studies. The enormous numbers of ocean viruses (typically >10^5 ml-1, usually ten for every microbial cell) are driving evolutionary forces of microbial processes through...
Lead Institution: University of Michigan
Principal Investigator: Melissa Duhaime
Ocean microbes and viruses are now at the forefront of Earth System studies. The enormous numbers of ocean viruses (typically >10^5 ml-1, usually ten for every microbial cell) are driving evolutionary forces of microbial processes through...
Lead Institution: University of Helsinki
Principal Investigator: Kristiina Hilden
Basidiomycete fungi are essential for degradation of wood in natural eco-systems and therefore a crucial part of the global carbon cycle. Genomic and post-genomic studies into several basidiomycete species have given insight into the process of wood...
Lead Institution: Oregon Health & Science University
Principal Investigator: Holly Simon
Massive spring and summer blooms of phytoplankton in the Columbia River, its estuary and adjacent coastal waters are the major inputs of carbon into the system, impacting CO2 uptake and remineralization, and potentially mitigating effects of climate...
Lead Institution: University of Central Florida
Principal Investigator: Charles Hinkle
Urban centers are a major global source of fossil-fuel emissions, and consequently a large source of carbon (C) to the atmosphere. Understanding the impact of urbanization on C cycling, is therefore critical to our ability to model the C cycle at a...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Keqi Tang
The specific functions of glycans in a given biological process or pathogenic condition depend on their specific molecular compositions and structures. Accurate and quantitative measurements of glycomics profiles can greatly improve our...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Ronald Thomas
Perform analyses and characterizations to help determine the composition of materials that result in clogging of a ceramic membrane.
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Sue Clark
The Nuclear Process Science Initiative (NPSI) is an internal, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program investment in support of the nuclear science and technology research enterprise at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Ronald Thomas
The activities to be performed under this technical assistance will be: 1.) Perform SEM, TEM, and FIB electron microscopy to evaluate dimensions of dendrites and nanoparticle distribution as a function of depth; 2.) Resources permitting, perform...
Lead Institution: University of Minnesota
Principal Investigator: Laura Gagliardi
We would like to use the Cascade supercomputer to compute the structures, spectroscopic properties, and reactive capabilities of Zr6 based Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) functionalized with metal precursors through atomic layer deposition (ALD). We...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Richard Smith
The overall objective of the PNNL Clinical Proteome Characterization Center (PCPCC) is to facilitate cancer biomarker development by linking the cancer genotype to the cancer phenotype using detailed comprehensive and quantitative characterization...
Lead Institution: US Geological Survey, Menlo Park
Principal Investigator: Marjorie Schulz
A detailed study of carbon in soil chronosequences along the precipitation gradient of the west coast of the U.S. will quantify the mechanisms through which carbon is stabilized and show how stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) changes with...
Lead Institution: Oregon Health & Science University
Principal Investigator: Bradley Tebo
Microbial Mn(II) oxidation is an important environmental process that links the biogeochemical cycle of Mn with the cycling of C, N, P, and many trace metals and radionuclides. Microbes that oxidize Mn are known to have activities that enable them...
Lead Institution: Duke University
Principal Investigator: Fred Dietrich
We propose an in-depth characterization of diversity among wild isolated strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This yeast can grow on and ferment a range of carbon sources, and can be grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. However it...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Danny Edwards
Development and deployment of low enriched uranium (LEU) fuels has been pursued for more than 30 years, starting with the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactor (RERTR) and continued more recently through the Global Threat Reduction...
Lead Institution: Washington University in St. Louis
Principal Investigator: Sophia Hayes
The objective of this proposed work is to characterize the chemisorption products of CO2 interacting with solid-supported amine materials. The aim is to use these materials to capture CO2 from flue gasses, reducing the output of CO2 into the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Danny Edwards
Ferritic/martensitic steels, particularly those modified to include nanoscale oxide dispersions, show great promise for use in structural applications in fusion reactors. Generation of He through transmutation-induced reactions, coupled with...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Danny Edwards
The structural components of nuclear reactors encompasses a wide variety of various materials, including austenitic stainless steels, ferritic alloys, and zirconium alloys. The microstructural and microchemical changes that occur during neutron...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Danny Edwards
Structural materials used in current light water reactors and future fusion reactors all face a common problem: radiation induced changes at the nanometer level that require advanced characterization techniques to probe these changes....
Lead Institution: University of Washington
Principal Investigator: Minoru Taya
The phase transformation behavior of ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA) Fe7Pd3 (hereafter, FePd) in bulk form has been well studied, but that of "nano-sized FePd" has NOT been studied despite that the research activities on developing...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Nicole Overman
The goal of this proposal is to to develop robust synthesis strategies for producing nanocomposite particle or flake precursors with far-from-equilibrium compositions and nanostructured features, that can be fabricated in bulk form (>1cm3). This...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Nicole Overman
The goal of this proposal is to further develop robust synthesis strategies for producing nanocomposite particle or flake precursors with far-from-equilibrium compositions and nanostructured features, that can be fabricated in bulk form (>1cm3)....
Lead Institution: State University of New York at Stony Brook
Principal Investigator: Josephine Aller
Oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface, contain nearly half the global primary productivity, and are a major source of atmospheric Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA) representing one of the most uncertain components of the aerosol-radiation-climate...
Lead Institution: Clemson University
Principal Investigator: Brian Powell
The objectives of this work are to develop qualitative conceptual models and quantitative reactive transport models of plutonium migration in unsaturated zones (i.e. the vadose zone). The unique electron microprobe (EM) and transmission electron...
Lead Institution: Northern Arizona University
Principal Investigator: Paul Dijkstra
Soil is a complex ecosystem with diverse microenvironments ranging from bulk soil with low quality substrates and no or very limited microbial growth, to high quality C-rich environments near decomposing litter and rhizosphere where microbial growth...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: John McCloy
A priority goal of the United States Department of Energy is to dispose of nuclear wastes accumulated in underground tanks at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Richland, WA. Incorporation and stability of technetium (Tc-99) into vitrified waste...
Lead Institution: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: David Weston
Peatbogs are unbalanced ecosystems that gain more carbon than is released making them a critical global sink for carbon. Biological nitrogen fixation is an important nutrient input for these ecosystems that ultimately governs the amount of carbon...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Li-Jung Kuo
Halogenated organic compound(s) (HOCs) play prominent roles in atmospheric ozone chemistry, as environmental and human health contaminants (i.e. persistent organic pollutants), and have potential pharmaceutical applications. Until recently, HOCs are...
Lead Institution: Desert Research Institute
Principal Investigator: Rishi Parashar
Remediation of metal and radionuclide contaminants in soil and groundwater systems is challenging because of their strong chemical interactions with mineral surfaces and low concentration limits for human health requirements. By stimulating the...
Lead Institution: University of California, Santa Barbara
Principal Investigator: Michelle O'Malley
This proposal seeks use of EMSL resources to characterize the cellular envelope and secreted metabolites of anaerobic gut fungi. We have previously isolated three gut fungal strains representing different fungal genera (Piromyces sp finn,...
Lead Institution: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator: Ottmar Möhler
A minor fraction of the atmospheric aerosol, so-called ice nucleating particles (INPs), can have a major impact on clouds, precipitation and climate. In particular, fertile soil particles are recently found as an important INP due to their abundance...
Lead Institution: University of Michigan
Principal Investigator: Kerri Pratt
Single-particle microscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry will be utilized to characterize the chemical composition of Arctic atmospheric particles. Given recent sea ice loss, we hypothesize that sea spray and local combustion sources control...
Lead Institution: University of Michigan
Principal Investigator: Kerri Pratt
High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and single particle microscopy analysis will be utilized to determine the organic molecular composition and size-dependent mixing state of atmospheric aerosols and cloud water collected near forested areas...
Lead Institution: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator: Jesse Kroll
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) represents a large fraction of total atmospheric aerosol and therefore is important for climate, however, the effect of SOA on radiative forcing is uncertain. Results from laboratory and modeling studies suggest that...
Lead Institution: University of Toronto
Principal Investigator: Murray Thomson
An experimental and numerical study is proposed to better understand the evolution of soot morphology and the chemical characterization of particles produced in laminar, co-flow diffusion flames of the surrogates for jet fuels. Two different soot...
Lead Institution: Aerosol Dynamics Inc.
Principal Investigator: Susanne Hering
One of the important challenges in elucidating the role of atmospheric particles in global climate is to identify the chemical pathways by which nanometer-sized particles grow to sufficient size to become cloud condensation nuclei. Although too...
Lead Institution: University of California, Irvine
Principal Investigator: Alex Guenther
The objective of the proposed project is to conduct in-depth studies of Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP) for predictive understanding of their environmental impact. The ultimate goal is to provide fundamental data necessary for knowledge-...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mary Gilles
Recent discovery of solid (glassy) atmospheric soil organic particles (ASOP), emitted through atmosphereland-surface interactions in the area of Southern Great Plains (SGP) suggests that ASOP may have a regional-scale impact on the atmospheric...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Andrew Duffin
Fluorinated uranium materials are commonly used in the nuclear fuel cycle, and are important contaminants following accidental release of uranium into the environment. Specifically, uranium hexafluoride (UF6), a gas crucial to many uranium...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mary Gilles
A large fraction of atmospheric aerosols contain an internal mixture of organics and inorganic salts. As the relative humidity (RH) cycles in the atmosphere, these particles can undergo phase transitions including liquid-liquid phase separation....
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Nathalie Wall
Assessments of nuclear waste disposal options and remediation of contaminated sites start with accurate knowledge of radionuclide mobilization. Technetium-99 (Tc) (t1/2 = 200,000 y), as part of the 6% of the 99 isobar for the thermal yield of each...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Xuebin Wang
This program is focused on obtaining a microscopic understanding of solution chemistry and solvation of negatively charged ions using cluster models in the gas phase via combined low temperature photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and theoretical...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Xuebin Wang
This program is focused on obtaining a microscopic understanding of solution chemistry and solvation of negatively charged ions using cluster models in the gas phase via combined low temperature photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and theoretical...
Lead Institution: University of California, Los Angeles
Principal Investigator: Anastassia Alexandrova
The ultimate objective of the proposed research is understanding and design of novel catalytic surfaces based on sub-nano surface-deposited clusters, with a particular application to dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and carbon gasification for...
Lead Institution: University of California, Los Angeles
Principal Investigator: Anastassia Alexandrova
Metallic nanoclusters have been found to be superb catalysts, offering the possibility of using a reduced amount of precious metals. Therefore, these catalysts might be the key to achieve cheaper and greener industrial catalytic processes. However...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Nigel Browning
The executive committee of the Pooled Resources for Electron Microscopy Informatics, Education and Research (PREMIER) network is proposing to form a collaborative access team (CAT) to optimize scientific productivity for the electron microscopy...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Nigel Browning
The executive committee of the Pooled Resources for Electron Microscopy Informatics, Education and Research (PREMIER) network is proposing to continue the collaborative access team (CAT) to optimize scientific productivity for the electron...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jon Jacobs
Collaborative research projects in the PNNL NIH NCRR P41 Biomedical Technology Research Center 'Proteomics research resource for integrative biology'
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jon Jacobs
Collaborative research projects in the PNNL NIH P41 Biomedical Technology Research Center 'Proteomics research resource for integrative biology'
Lead Institution: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre
Principal Investigator: Ronald de Vries
We will use the ascomycete industrial workhorse A. niger, which is one of the best studied fungal species with respect to plant biomass conversion. In nature, fungal colonies can cover substantial areas in which the available carbon source...
Lead Institution: Duke University
Principal Investigator: Hui-Ling Liao
This study will explore the genetics of obligately symbiotic interactions between conifers (Pinaceae) and their host-specific ectomycorrhizal fungi in the mushroom genus Suillus, and their effects on ecological cycling of forest carbon. Using...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karl Albrecht
Catalytic upgrading of biomass is a challenging task in part because of the presence of water. Many conventional catalysts were developed for petroleum-based feedstocks. Often these catalysts are unstable in the presence of water. Water can be...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karl Albrecht
The overall goal of this proposal is to understand the specific factors responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity and stability under hydrothermal conditions of a LaxZryOz catalyst versus a baseline ZrO2 catalyst for the upgrading of biomass...
Lead Institution: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Benjamin Babst
The amount of biomass produced by plants and its composition is largely dependent on fixation of atmospheric CO2 as sugars through photosynthesis by plants. Among the several potential bioenergy feedstocks, sorghum stands out due its low nutrient...
Lead Institution: Aarhus University
Principal Investigator: Marianne Glasius
The fundamental insufficiency of scientific knowledge on the sources, formation and properties of aerosols, especially the organic aerosol fraction, hampers our knowledge of the climate system of the Earth. Aerosols are of particular concern in the...
Lead Institution: University of Minnesota
Principal Investigator: Donald Truhlar
Nonadiabatic photochemical processes are important for many significant problems in energy
sciences, life sciences, and atmospheric environment. The photodissociation of thioanisole is a
prototype of such processes. Experimental observations have...
Lead Institution: University of Alabama
Principal Investigator: David Dixon
There is a critical need to develop new, renewable sources of energy as well as feedstocks for the chemical industry. Biomass is a carbon neutral source of energy and can also address issues related to the sustainability of petroleum-based resources...
Lead Institution: University of Alabama
Principal Investigator: David Dixon
There is a critical need to develop new, renewable sources of energy as well as feedstocks for the chemical industry. Biomass is a carbon neutral source of energy and can also address issues related to the sustainability of petroleum-based resources...
Lead Institution: University of California, Davis
Principal Investigator: Matthias Hess
Rapid Access to compute allocation to complete analysis of data previously generated from an EMSL User project to prepare manuscript for submission to scientific journal
Lead Institution: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Principal Investigator: Alexandra Worden
More than 50% of global primary production is performed by land plants and green algae. Of all algae green algae are the most closely related to land plants and therefore provide powerful single cell systems for exploring how 'plant' genes...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Satish Nune
Nanomaterials represent an important class of materials with improved properties and fascinating applications. PNNL has been actively engaged in the utilization of metal organic framework heat carriers (MOHC) nanomaterials that reversibly uptake the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Yingge Du
The objective of this research is to understand, predict, and control the phase transitions occurring in structurally ordered thin films to enable the rational design, synthesis, and utilization of such materials. Transition metal oxides (TMOs)...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Robert Dagle
The overall approach of this project is to leverage recent light oxygenate production research, and evaluate multiple, alternative pathways to fuels that may ultimately reduce cost and improve overall carbon efficiency and/or fuel quality. Catalyst...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Philip Rasch
Sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles formed from bubbles bursting at the ocean surface contain a large fraction of organic matter. The presence of this organic matter is driven by the adsorption of surface-active materials onto bubble films.
We have...
Lead Institution: PPG Industries, Inc.
Principal Investigator: David Walters
PPG has developed a new class of corrosion inhibitors for steel and aluminum based on a proprietary impregnated epoxy and polyurethane coatings. The mechanism by which these inhibitors protect the base metals that have been scratched and exposed to...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Xingyuan Chen
As part of the 2013 research portfolio within the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) at the Department of Energy Office of Science, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: James Stegen
The proposed study will integrate molecular data generated through a combination of JGI and EMSL capabilities to support research activities under the Subsurface Biogeochemical Research-Science Focus Area (SBR-SFA) at Pacific Northwest National...
Lead Institution: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Principal Investigator: K. V. Lakshmi
The goal of this proposal is to demonstrate a unique capability to be enabled in the EMSL, the integration of leading-edge cryogenic NMR and EPR spectroscopy measurements with highly electron correlated computations, to characterize the structure...
Lead Institution: The Ohio State University
Principal Investigator: Kelly Wrighton
Climate change in the Arctic is progressing rapidly, and much of the focus, thus far, has been on permafrost thaw and the rapid mineralization of soil organic carbon (C) by soil microorganisms. However, climate change is also increasing the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Metz
This project will establish a Metabolomics Center at PNNL that will develop the advanced measurement
capabilities necessary to define the metabolic processes of microbiomes and determine how these processes
change due to perturbation. Importantly,...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Metz
This project will establish a Metabolomics Center at PNNL that will develop the advanced measurement capabilities necessary to define the metabolic processes of microbiomes and determine how these processes change due to perturbation. Importantly,...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Metz
This project will establish a Metabolomics Center at PNNL that will develop the advanced measurement capabilities necessary to define the metabolic processes of microbiomes and determine how these processes change due to perturbation. Importantly,...
Deciphering regulatory and signaling capabilities of volatile terpenes in plant-microbe interactions
Lead Institution: Helmholtz Centre Munich German Research Centre for Environmental Health
Principal Investigator: Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) are important compounds at the biosphere-atmosphere interphase contributing to (biological and chemical) processes ranging from the cellular level to the regional and even global scale. The present...
Lead Institution: University of Washington
Principal Investigator: Alexander Gagnon
The shape and pace of skeletal growth in shells and bones are controlled though a complex set of interactions between biologically produced organic compounds and the growing mineral. If we could decipher the language of these chemical interactions,...
Lead Institution: Oregon State University
Principal Investigator: Byron Crump
Climate change in the Arctic is progressing rapidly, thawing large areas of permafrost that contain nearly half of the world's soil organic carbon. Conversion of this carbon pool to greenhouse gases has the potential to double the amount of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Vladislav Petyuk
This project will chart with high-resolution the genetic pathways that give rise to defined clinica phenotypes. We will utilize the power of the hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP), combined with massive-scale RNA sequencing and proteomics, to trace...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Weilin Jiang
As a candidate material for fusion reactor applications, silicon carbide (SiC) undergoes transmutation reactions under high-energy neutron irradiation with magnesium as the major metallic transmutant; the others include aluminum, beryllium and...
Lead Institution: University of Minnesota
Principal Investigator: Donald Truhlar
This project involves the understanding and design of new cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries by carrying out and analyzing electronic structure calculations employing density functional theory. We will especially examine Li8ZrO6 with Y3+,...
Lead Institution: Purdue University
Principal Investigator: Robert Cooks
Structure-reactivity relationships that are derived from molecular-level investigation of the properties of well-defined supported nanoparticles (NPs) are critical to the rational development of improved catalysts that will promote the efficient...
Lead Institution: University of Wisconsin, Madison
Principal Investigator: David Rothamer
Current engine development aims to reduce consumption of limited fuel resources and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by increasing fuel efficiency. Advanced low temperature combustion technologies currently under development offer the potential to...
Lead Institution: University of Southern California
Principal Investigator: Janet Moradian-Oldak
This research supports the BER mission in understanding the biomineralization processes in general and studying the function of organic matrix components in these processes in particular. Dental enamel formation involves cellular and molecular...
Lead Institution: Sandia National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mark Allendorf
Lignin is the most abundant source of renewable aromatics, with 200-300Mtons/yr projected production by a US biofuels industry that would process ~1B tons of biomass to meet DOE goals. However, there are currently no efficient processes for...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mart Oostrom
Water content is an important indicator of contaminant distribution and plays a governing role in contaminant transport within the vadose zone. Understanding the water content distribution is critical for both remediation and contaminant flux...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Keqi Tang
The primary goal of the project is to develop mass spectrometry (MS) based assays capable of globally quantifying changes in kinase-specific phosphorylation stoichiometry. The specific work related to this proposed research includes a)...
Lead Institution: Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Principal Investigator: Nathaniel Deskins
The proposed work will advance the development of ethanol oxidation catalysts for use in direct ethanol fuel cells. Fuel cells convert chemical energy stored in fuels directly to electrical energy, and thus are more efficient than traditional...
Lead Institution: Arizona State University
Principal Investigator: Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
The exploration of the human microbiome is currently an area of keen interest to NIH and biotech firms, and has been explored by many researchers using either NMR or MS metabolomics or 16S rDNA sequencing. To our knowledge, there are no current...
Lead Institution: University of Missouri - Columbia
Principal Investigator: Gary Stacey
The ability to elucidate complex metabolic behavior of living organisms in situ and with cellular resolution is a bioanalytical grand challenge that is yet to be realized. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) using laser ablation electrospray ionization...
Lead Institution: University of Missouri - Columbia
Principal Investigator: Gary Stacey
The ability to elucidate complex metabolic behavior of living organisms in situ and with cellular resolution is a bioanalytical grand challenge that is yet to be realized. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) using laser ablation electrospray ionization...
Lead Institution: University of Missouri - Columbia
Principal Investigator: Gary Stacey
The ability to elucidate complex metabolic behavior of living organisms in situ and with cellular resolution is a bioanalytical grand challenge that is yet to be realized. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) using laser ablation electrospray ionization...
Lead Institution: University of Texas at Austin
Principal Investigator: Matthew Balhoff
The mixed-cell method (MCM) is the most commonly used Eulerian pore-scale model for reactive flow and transport. Two major disadvantages of MCM are its assumptions of (1) pore-level perfect mixing, and (2) the use of arbitrary and inaccurate rate...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Vladislav Petyuk
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-onset neurodegenerative brain disorder. The disease manifests itself as complications with movement, and in about one third of the cases, is followed by cognitive impairment and dementia....
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jian-zhi Hu
State-of-the-art high resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR metabolomics capabilities, where a sample spinning rate of few kHz or more is used, and unique high resolution slow-MAS NMR metabolomics capabilities, where a sample spinning rate of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Tiffany Kaspar
We will develop new high-temperature sensor materials with adequate radiation damage resistance to acquire local diagnostic data in extreme environments. Improved capabilities for measuring prognostic indicators, such as nonlinear ultrasound (NLUS...
Lead Institution: Duke University
Principal Investigator: Brian Coggins
Quantitative metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis have emerged in recent years as valuable approaches for the study of carbon cycling in living organisms and in the environment, whether for understanding biological processes impacting soil or...
Lead Institution: Iowa State University
Principal Investigator: Kirsten Hofmockel
We propose to develop approaches that target metabolically active microorganisms and functions that drive carbon cycling in soils from bioenergy cropping systems. Albeit critically important, soil microbiology cannot yet be incorporated into...
Lead Institution: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Neil Henson
This project proposes to use a number of state-of-the-art, highly parallelized computational chemistry tools in order to rationalize the structure and properties of the use of dendrimers as supercapacitor electrolytes in prospective energy storage...
Lead Institution: Boise VA Medical Center
Principal Investigator: Amy Bryant
Invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections associated with shock, multi-organ failure, necrotizing fasciitis with myonecrosis, and death emerged worldwide in the mid-1980s prompting an official case definition of Streptococcal Toxic Shock...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jon Jacobs
The research goal is to develop a blood-based, quantitative, biomarker assay panel using a proven, high sensitivity, multiplexed electrochemiluminescence platform that can in combination with clinical data supplant 2-month sputum culture, the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jon Jacobs
The research goal is to develop a blood-based, quantitative, biomarker assay panel using a proven, high sensitivity, multiplexed electrochemiluminescence platform that can in combination with clinical data supplant 2-month sputum culture, the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Joshua Adkins
The multiple mechanisms by which pathogenic enterobacteria of the genus Salmonella infect their host indicate a complex host-pathogen relationship. The pathogen secretes dozens of proteins, termed 'effectors', in an organized strategy to...
Lead Institution: Michigan State University
Principal Investigator: Alessandro Desiro
We propose a genomic and transcriptomic study of a tripartite symbiotic interaction between Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the genus Endogone (Mucoromycotina) and their endobacteria (Mollicutes-related bacteria...
Lead Institution: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre
Principal Investigator: Ronald de Vries
Basidiomycete fungi are essential for degradation of wood in natural eco-systems and therefore a crucial part of the global carbon cycle. Genomic and post-genomic studies into several basidiomycete species have given insight into the process of wood...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Janet Jansson
This proposal aims to address key gaps in our knowledge about the composition and functional roles of the tens of thousands of microbial species in soil. Although these microorganisms carry out critical processes for life on earth, including cycling...
Lead Institution: Michigan State University
Principal Investigator: Matthew Schrenk
The aim of this study is to provide a detailed description of the composition and the quantity of dissolved organic matter in serpentinite-hosted groundwaters, capitalizing upon a well-studied microbial observatory in the Coast Range Ophiolite near...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jennifer Pett-Ridge
In tropical systems, changes in climate will likely affect both the amplitude and periodicity of redox oscillations due to predicted increases in warming and precipitation intensity. Our research will measure how shifts in soil oxygen/redox patterns...
Lead Institution: Marine Biological Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Zoe Cardon
A key step in the evolution and diversification of advanced life on Earth was the transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. Organisms making the leap from water to land faced high light levels, temperature swings, and desiccation. The green...
Lead Institution: University of California, Davis
Principal Investigator: Jorge Rodrigues
The Amazon rainforest plays an essential role in CO2 sequestration. Yet, the impact of anthropogenic activities on microbial communities that participate in this biochemical process needs investigation. As part of an on-going research project on...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Eric Winder
Biofilms are found in most environments, particularly at the interfaces of solid, liquid, and atmospheric environments, and may range in appearance from the dry desert varnish found on rock surfaces in arid environments to the more familiar slimes...
Dynamic sulfur pools as a control on methane flux in freshwater Prairie Pothole lacustrine sediments
Lead Institution: The Ohio State University
Principal Investigator: Michael Wilkins
Inland waters (wetlands, lakes) play a poorly constrained role in regional and global carbon cycling, and may account for much of the uncertainty in climate change models. Although lake sediments are generally thought to efficiently sequester...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Samuel Payne
In natural environments, microbes are constantly regulating protein function and metabolic activity.
Metaproteomics, or analysis of the proteins from organisms in microbial communities, assays active
metabolic functions and other biological...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: William Gustafson
New climate models with variable resolution grids combined with the anticipated two-order reduction in climate model grid spacing, from roughly 100's to 1's km grid spacing, in the next decade offers great potential for providing more...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Tao Liu
The purpose of the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) Biomarker Reference and Resource Center (BRRC) is to develop a multiplex quantitative MS-based method, based on LC-SRM-MS for simultaneous detection of ~50 prostate cancer biomarkers in...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Tao Liu
The purpose of the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) Biomarker Reference and Resource Center (BRRC) is to develop a multiplex quantitative MS-based method, based on LC-SRM-MS for simultaneous detection of ~50 prostate cancer biomarkers in...
Lead Institution: Pennsylvania State University
Principal Investigator: Miriam Freedman
Aerosol-cloud interactions are the largest uncertainty in our understanding of the climate system. Of particular interest are cirrus (ice) clouds, which are ubiquitous in the upper troposphere, cause a net warming effect on the climate, and affect...
Lead Institution: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Principal Investigator: Manabu Shiraiwa
Recent advances in understanding aerosol chemistry strongly suggest that: (1) photochemical processes occurring inside aerosol particles represent an important mechanism of aging for organic aerosols; (2) the high viscosity of certain types of...
Lead Institution: University of California, Irvine
Principal Investigator: Sergey Nizkorodov
Recent advances in understanding aerosol chemistry strongly suggest that atmospheric water vapor and liquid water have strong influence of the composition and properties of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The currently...
Lead Institution: Universidade de São Paulo
Principal Investigator: Paulo Artaxo
DOE and Brazilian agencies have funded the multi-year GoAmazon research program from 1 January 2014 through 31 December 2015 to quantify and understand how aerosol and cloud life cycles in a particularly clean background in the tropics are...
Lead Institution: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Principal Investigator: Kristen DeAngelis
The fast growth, high efficiency and specificity of enzymes employed in bacterial anaerobic litter deconstruction makes these useful templates for improving biofuel production. There are few cultured representatives of anaerobic lignin degrading...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Metz
Silymarin (SM)-derived natural products interact with mammalian biomolecules in a specific and productive manner to cause changes in signal transduction and gene expression in a cell to protect the liver. To address the hypothesis, we are using two...
Lead Institution: Colorado State University
Principal Investigator: Steven Strauss
In this project, we will explore, for the first time, electronic properties of the newly discovered class of potent organic acceptors and their composites with various organic donors. Using state-of-the-art spectroscopic facilities at EMSL we will...
Lead Institution: University of Missouri - Columbia
Principal Investigator: Gary Stacey
This JGI-EMSL collaboration will investigate if rhizosphere microbial populations vary over diurnal cycles, driven in large part by root allocation of carbon into the soil-root interfacial area. While current hypotheses suggest that microbial...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Wayne Lukens
Technetium (Tc-99, 211 ka half-life) is the most problematic long-lived fission product due largely to the high environmental mobility of pertechnetate, TcO4-, the most stable form in aerobic environments. This mobility drives the need to understand...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jon Magnuson
Aspergillus niger is a genetically tractable model organism for scientific discovery and a platform organism used in industry for the production of enzymes for biomass degradation and other applications. Expression of secreted native enzymes at...
Lead Institution: College of Charleston
Principal Investigator: Seth Pritchard
Fine root turnover has been estimated to consume from 5 to >50% of forest productivity. The large range of uncertainty in these measurements is a consequence of a lack of understanding of what fine root orders function as ephemeral modules and...
Lead Institution: San Diego State University
Principal Investigator: ilenia Battiato
Surfaces with microscale topological features are ubiquitous in nature and they constitute the physical boundaries that regulate and control energy and mass fluxes between adjacent systems. The examples range from the surfaces of fractures and pores...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mark Butcher
This proposed EMSL User project supports a larger multi-lab "Agile Biomanufacturing" project (LBNL, PNNL, SNL). Through the EMSLs leading edge analytical biology, GC and LC mass spectrometry, next-generation sequencing and 13C metabolic...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Garry Buchko
The protein amelogenin is the central protein controlling the formation of dental enamel, the hardest tissue in the human body. The protein orchestrates the nucleation, growth, and organization of enamel formation (amelogenesis) through the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Garry Buchko
The protein amelogenin is the central protein controlling the formation of dental enamel, the hardest tissue in the human body. The protein orchestrates the nucleation, growth, and organization of enamel formation (amelogenesis) through the...
Lead Institution: University of British Columbia
Principal Investigator: Steven Hallam
We all know that the modern world depends on refining oil into everything from energy (e.g. gasoline) to materials (e.g. plastics, pesticides and pharmaceuticals). But this progress also has serious environmental costs from the production of climate...
Lead Institution: University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Principal Investigator: Steven Harris
Enzymes such as cellulases and amylases play an essential role in the production of biofuels through their ability to convert biomass into fermentable sugars. The primary sources of these enzymes are filamentous fungi such as Trichoderma reesei and...
Lead Institution: Oregon State University
Principal Investigator: Michael Freitag
Responses to environmental stimuli, e.g. changes in nutritional status, require space- and time-dependent transcription of genes in the context of chromatin, the assembly of DNA and proteins that compacts chromosomes in most eukaryotes. Post-...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Scott Chambers
This proposal focuses on the design, fabrication and evaluation of structurally and compositionally well-defined complex oxide heterostructures that can facilitate the harvesting of visible sunlight, primarily for electron-hole pair creation and...
Lead Institution: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Principal Investigator: Michael Toney
Energy conversion and storage is of great importance to a sustainable environment and meeting our energy needs. However, fundamental scientific understanding of rechargeable batteries is far behind industrial standards today. Two important open...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Carlos Fernandez
Through this proposal EMSL will provide experimental resources for enhanced energy production and subsurface science discovery that supports the needs of DOE and the nation. These proposed investigations will support the development of novel...
Lead Institution: Washington State University Tri-Cities
Principal Investigator: Stephen Callister
Multiple capabilities at EMSL will be applied to mat microbial communities present along a salinity gradient between the North and South arms of the Great Salt Lake, UT. These lithifying microbial communities are often involved in the formation of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Hongfei Wang
We propose to investigate benchmark systems in the interface sciences to find novel applications of EMSL's unique surface spectroscopy and dynamics capability and platform, especially the newly developed subwavenumber high-resolution broadband...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Daniel Schreiber
Environmental degradation is a vital concern in high-temperature, hostile environments found in current and future generation power generation systems. Despite decades of research, there is no definitive understanding of the mechanisms by which...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Sue Clark
This project will examine changes in the solvation of trivalent actinide (An3+) and lanthanide (Ln3+) cations in binary solvents during complexation with an emphasis on characterizing the speciation in the bulk liquid versus at liquid:vapor and...
Lead Institution: Oregon State University
Principal Investigator: Michael Freitag
Responses to external (environmental) or internal (cellular) stimuli require space- and time-dependent transcription of genes in the context of chromatin, an assembly of DNA and proteins that compacts chromosomes. Thus, changes in post-translational...
Lead Institution: University of California, Davis
Principal Investigator: Matthias Hess
There has been a great interest by the Department of Energy (DOE) to increase the phylogenetic coverage of genome sequences from across the phyla archaea and bacteria including cyanobacteria. The Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA...
Lead Institution: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Enrique Batista
The overarching theme of this proposal is the study of chemical interactions in problems of environmental interest. We request supercomputing support from EMSL for two projects focusing on environmental chemistry that require quantum chemistry...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Sebastien Kerisit
The objective of the proposed research is to enhance our understanding of and ability to simulate excited states in wide-bandgap materials with the specific goal of predicting the luminescence behavior of activator dopants in inorganic scintillator...
Lead Institution: California Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator: Victoria Orphan
Determining the links between phylogenetically identified microorganisms with their metabolic activity and function in complex natural ecosystems has been a long-standing challenge in microbial ecology. Here we propose new methodological strategies...
Lead Institution: California Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator: Victoria Orphan
Determining the links between phylogenetically identified microorganisms with their metabolic activity and function in complex natural ecosystems has been a long-standing challenge in microbial ecology. Here we propose new methodological strategies...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Carlos Fernandez
Through this proposal EMSL will provide experimental resources for enhanced energy production and subsurface science discovery that supports the needs of DOE and the nation. These proposed investigations will support the development of novel...
Fracturing Optimization and In-Situ Characterization of Rock Permeability and Fracture Distributions
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Carlos Fernandez
Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) are the future of geothermal energy, and geothermal is the future of energy production within the US and worldwide. However, to our knowledge, no prior EGS project has sustained production at rates greater than 1/2...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Ethan Farquhar
CMOS transistors have driven the technological change of the past generation. However, they have speed limits that cannot be exceeded, and these limits have restrained some areas especially in the field of Radio Frequency communications. Free...
Lead Institution: University of Florida
Principal Investigator: Zhenli He
We propose to utilize EMSLs ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry to determine the bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in storm water from citrus grove, pastureland and Canal C-24 in the St. Lucie Estuary (SLE) Watershed, South...
Lead Institution: University of Florida
Principal Investigator: Patrick Inglett
We propose to utilize EMSLs ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry and spectroscopy capabilities to determine the composition of DOC from subtropical wetland oils, which have been incubated for one and half year. It is important to quantify and...
Lead Institution: Clemson University
Principal Investigator: Alex Chow
This research project will investigate the consequences of different fuel reduction
techniques, as watershed management practices against wildfire, on the exports of dissolved organic
matter (DOM) from forested watersheds and associated...
Lead Institution: Rice University
Principal Investigator: Janet Braam
Recent research has led to new insights into the importance of spatial aspects of jasmonate-mediated plant defense and fungal resistance, including organ-specific resistance as a gate-keeper for plant survival. Spatially defined changes in...
Lead Institution: J. Craig Venter Institute
Principal Investigator: Philip Weyman
Boreal forests are important ecosystems involved in global carbon cycling. The nitrogen cycling in these ecosystems is largely determined by feather moss-associated cyanobacteria that fix the majority of nitrogen flowing into boreal ecosystems....
Lead Institution: Technical University of Denmark
Principal Investigator: Rebecca Lennen
One of the largest barriers to achieving economical bio-based production of bulk chemicals such as biofuels and polymer precursors is poor tolerance of microbial production hosts toward high concentrations of excreted product. These concentrations...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Charles Peden
This project will apply a unique capability in the EMSL at PNNL for heterogeneous catalysis R&D employing steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) techniques with mass spectroscopic detection that is coupled with in-situ...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jun Cui
We propose a comprehensive effort aimed at understanding the fundamentals of high entropy (HE) alloys, in particular, thermodynamics of alloy formation, stability, and deformation mechanism at high temperature. The effort can be further divided into...
Lead Institution: Alfred University
Principal Investigator: S Sundaram
The advances in technical application of glass extend to geosciences, electronics, biotechnology, energy system and others. In numerous applications, tailoring and understanding the surface property is critical to determine the performance of glass...
Lead Institution: University of Minnesota
Principal Investigator: Donald Truhlar
Hypersonic aerodynamics involves the reactions of atmospheric molecules at up to 20,000 K. Hypersonic vehicles, spacecrafts and re-entry vehicles are in the atmosphere for extended periods of time; thus their surface is exposed to high-temperature...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Haluk Beyenal
The bactericidal effect of extracellular hyperosmosis has been acknowledged for decades1,2. Nevertheless, it was only recently shown that hyperosmosis from high NaCl concentrations effectively reduces Acinetobacter baumannii3, Enterococcus faecalis...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Yong Wang
Production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass, a renewable resource, can play a significant role in achieving goals of long term sustainability for the current energy infrastructure while simultaneously introducing new economic opportunities...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Gregg Lumetta
Many activities in the nuclear industry are areas of concern for public safety. The leakage of nuclear waste from Hanford storage tanks poses a threat to public health, and the retrieval and reprocessing of this waste into a more stable form is a...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Gregg Lumetta
Many activities in the nuclear industry are areas of concern for public safety. The leakage of nuclear waste from Hanford storage tanks poses a threat to public health, and the retrieval and reprocessing of this waste into a more stable form is a...
Lead Institution: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries
Principal Investigator: Hans-Peter Grossart
Most of the freshwater microorganisms are not able to fully degrade the large amount of incoming terrestrial polymers, so that over time, a lot of partially degraded and highly recalcitrant materials accumulate at the bottom of aquatic ecosystems,...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Xuebin Wang
We propose to investigate solution phase species and chemistry in the gas phase using a recently developed low-temperature photoelectron spectrometer. The subjects include but not limited to, temperature-dependent studies on solvation of complex...
Lead Institution: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Principal Investigator: Colleen Hansel
The Eumycete fungi (primarily Basidiomycota and Ascomycota) are key organisms in the degradation of wood, plant and animal material. While ascomycetes are less capable of rapid wood decay than basidiomycetes, they are considered more important...
Lead Institution: Swansea University
Principal Investigator: Dan Eastwood
Understanding the microbial decomposition of lignocellulose and its contribution to global carbon cycling requires realistic model systems that go beyond in silico and single culture analyses. Fungal decay of lignocellulosic substrates evolved in...
Lead Institution: Swansea University
Principal Investigator: Dan Eastwood
Understanding the microbial decomposition of lignocellulose and its contribution to global carbon cycling requires realistic model systems that go beyond in silico and single culture analyses. Fungal decay of lignocellulosic substrates evolved in...
Lead Institution: United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service
Principal Investigator: Zonglin Liu
The industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a promising candidate for the next-generation biocatalyst development for advanced biofuels production due to its robust response to harsh environment conditions. In overcoming toxic chemical...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Metz
The absence of methodology for making unique chemical identifications of 100s or 1000s of chemicals in a single analysis is the most significant obstacle to the global assessment of chemical exposure. This capability will unlock the potential to...
Lead Institution: University of Washington
Principal Investigator: Rose Ann Cattolico
The reality of global warming predicts that the survival of many organisms will be compromised due to rapid environmental changes of the ecosystems in which they live. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to shifts in climate. Large...
Lead Institution: Michigan State University
Principal Investigator: Jonathan Walton
A critical step in the lignocellulosic biofuels pipeline is the extraction of fermentable sugars from plant biomass. Extracellular fungal enzymes are currently the most effective way of deconstructing biomass, but their efficiency needs to be...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mary Gilles
Atmopsheric particle phase, viscosity, and mixing state are inherently intertwined with one another. How particles change and evolve, particularly as a function of relative humidity is crucial for evaluating the aerosol life cycle. In the recent...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: David Gotthold
Structured laminar membranes, consisting of hierarchically stacked, overlapping layers of 2D graphene oxide (GOx), are a fascinating and promising new class of materials with the potential for radically improved water separation with excellent...
Lead Institution: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jian Wang
New particle formation (NPF) in the atmosphere strongly influences the concentration of atmospheric aerosol particles, and therefore their impact on clouds and climate. Model simulations show that nearly half of the global cloud condensation nuclei...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Bruce Arey
A SQUID array (SQA) is a single electrical circuit on a chip composed of many individual SQUID loops connected in one- or two-dimensional (series, parallel, or series-parallel) configurations. Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs)...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Sebastien Kerisit
All realistic mineral surfaces in natural waters can be expected to be coated, and their reactive properties influenced by the presence of coatings. Heteroepitaxial growth is the templated growth of compositionally distinct but structurally similar...
Lead Institution: University of South Carolina
Principal Investigator: Andreas Heyden
The overall goal of this project is to develop, implement, and apply a set of computational, multiscale techniques for heterogeneous catalysts design with special emphasis on the EMSL theme, "Energy Materials and Processes (EMP)". The...
Lead Institution: University of California, Santa Barbara
Principal Investigator: Susannah Scott
Chlorination profoundly alters the surface chemistry of gamma-alumina, and consequently its catalytic properties. Such materials are of high interest in energy conversion, notably hydrocarbon transformations including metathesis of seed oil-derived...
Lead Institution: University of Arizona
Principal Investigator: Jon Chorover
Our research team is part of a multi-laboratory/university project funded by the Department of Energy that is investigating the fate of uranium and strontium in waste-weathered sediments such as those found near to the U-8 and U-12 crib sites at the...
Lead Institution: Qatar Foundation
Principal Investigator: Hamdi Yahia
Since the sodium reserves are easily accessible, we decided to investigate sodium ion batteries (NaIBs), as new energy storage systems, for large-scale battery applications. This proposal seeks to develop an understanding of the structure property...
Lead Institution: Wright State University
Principal Investigator: Robert Ritzi
Understanding the processes that control the fate and transport behavior of biogeochemical elements in subsurface environments, requires understanding limiting controls operating at more than one scale. We propose to utilize the EMSL Cascade...
Lead Institution: University of Wisconsin, Madison
Principal Investigator: Timothy Donohue
We are requesting access to quiet wing microscopy, including ETEM and STEM electron microscopes and the helium ion microscope, as well as the super resolution structured illumination fluorescence and multi-photon/FLIM integrated confocal microscopes...
Lead Institution: The Ohio State University
Principal Investigator: Kelly Wrighton
We aim to molecularly characterize the distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in wetland sediments via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS), and to link biodegradation of specific DOC components to the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Ryan Renslow
Quantum chemical calculations have been used to predict NMR chemical shifts of metabolites; however, to date, these calculations have been limited to small sets of molecules (less than 50). Datasets are typically arbitrarily chosen, and most...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jamie Lovaglio
High dose radiation exposure can result in burns to the skin. Depending on the dose and exposure geometry, the resulting wounds can penentate the full thickness of the dermis and result in sub dermal lesions. the study undertaken examines both the...
Lead Institution: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
Principal Investigator: James Umen
Diurnal cycles are central drivers of gene expression in photosynthetic organisms including cyanobacteria, algae and land plants. The model unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has unique advantages for deciphering the system-wide...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jerome Fast
The proposed HI-SCALE field campaign to be conducted in the vicinity of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) "megasite" in Oklahoma during 2016 will utilize unique observational tools available through the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Norman Lewis
Vascular plants use a class of proteins termed dirigent proteins (from Latin dirigere, to guide or steer) to direct the regio- and stereospecificity of radical-radical coupling reactions of monolignol precursors, such as coniferyl alcohol, in the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: John Zachara
This is a renewal proposal for a previous collaborative effort between the PNNL Scientific Focus Area (SFA) and EMSL.PNNL Scientific Focus Area. The PNNL SFA will develop a predictive understanding of the groundwater-surface water interaction zone...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: John Zachara
This is a renewal proposal for a previous collaborative effort between the PNNL Scientific Focus Area (SFA) and EMSL.PNNL Scientific Focus Area. The PNNL SFA will develop a predictive understanding of the groundwater-surface water interaction zone (...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Autrey
This proposal will determine the mechanistic and thermodynamic understanding required to address bottlenecks in hydrogen storage materials. We propose a series of experiments including detailed characterization that will advance molecular control of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Autrey
This proposal will determine the mechanistic and thermodynamic understanding required to address bottlenecks in hydrogen storage materials. We propose a series of experiments including detailed characterization that will advance molecular control of...
Lead Institution: Georgia Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator: Athanasios Nenes
Quantifying aerosol impacts on clouds, precipitation and climate however is very uncertain and strongly impacts assessments of future climate. This large predictive uncertainty in part originates from the variability and range of aerosol types that...
Lead Institution: Xiamen University
Principal Investigator: Bingbing Wang
The proposed study will investigate the ice nucleation propensity of atmospheric biological particles using a novel experimental platform developed in EMSL by our group. We will determine physicochemical properties of particles and their ice...
Lead Institution: University of the Pacific
Principal Investigator: Ryan Moffet
The effect that aerosol particles have on climate is highly uncertain and has garnered much attention in recent years. Specifically, the effect that aerosol particles have on cloud formation is one of the largest sources of uncertainty hindering the...
Lead Institution: North Carolina State University
Principal Investigator: Michael Hyman
Bacterial monooxygenases are enzymes the initiate the aerobic biodegradation of a wide variety of environmentally important chemicals. These include key intermediates in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (methane), nitrogen (ammonia), and sulfur (...
Lead Institution: University of California, Santa Barbara
Principal Investigator: Michelle O'Malley
Biofuels derived from plant biomass (lignocellulose) are attractive alternatives to petroleum-based products, as they avoid many of the economic and environmental problems that plague traditional energy sources. Breakdown of plant waste into simple...
Lead Institution: University of Washington
Principal Investigator: Caroline Harwood
Cysteine residues act as thiol-mediated molecular switches that play an important role in redox regulation. Here we propose to use thiol-reactive redox probes for in vivo labeling and identification of redox-sensitive proteins in a purple nonsulfur...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: David Stenoien
Biological systems are exceedingly more complex than defined by the genome due to differential protein
expression and degradation, altered mRNA splicing, and the presence of multiple post-translational
modifications (PTMs) that occur in different...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jon Jacobs
The Chang/Moore laboratory, in collaboration with PNNL, was awarded new funding to pursue the discovery of novel cancer viruses in hematologic malignancies using a combination of genomic and proteomic approaches for both directed and unbiased data...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jon Jacobs
The Chang/Moore laboratory, in collaboration with PNNL, was awarded new funding to pursue the discovery of novel cancer viruses in hematologic malignancies using a combination of genomic and proteomic approaches for both directed and unbiased data...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Eoin Brodie
Passalid beetles, such as Odontotaenius disjunctus, are subsocial insects that process large amounts of woody biomass by feeding on triturated wood. These beetles have co-evolved with their digestive tract microorganisms, enriching their metabolic...
Lead Institution: Whitman College
Principal Investigator: Frank Dunnivant
Natural organic matter (NOM) determines sorption behavior of hydrophobic pollutants (i.e. DDT, PCBs, etc.) in aquatic sediments containing more then one percent by weight, yet little is known about the specific location of NOM on sediment and soil...
Lead Institution: Yale University
Principal Investigator: Nikhil Malvankar
Microbial metabolism plays an important role in the global cycling of carbon, nutrients, and metals. Recent discovery of microorganisms sharing energy using direct electrical connections might represent a prominent strategy by which anaerobic...
Lead Institution: Carnegie Mellon University
Principal Investigator: Ryan Sullivan
The nanoscale surface features that create efficient ice active sites on atmospheric particles that control heterogeneous ice nucleation remain largely unknown. Cloud glaciation induced by these ice nucleating particles has significant impacts on...
Lead Institution: University of Colorado at Denver
Principal Investigator: Elan Eisenmesser
Despite the remarkable success in employing biofilms for a wide range of applications such as the industrial treatment of wastewater and the potential for utilizing biofilms for biofules, exactly how biofilms form and how they are maintained remains...
Lead Institution: Argonne National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Sarah O'Brien
Our goal is to understand how microbes engineer their environment into the dynamic three-dimensional complex that promotes microbial diversity, influences the terrestrial carbon cycle, supports soil fertility, and impacts fate and transport of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: R. Shane Addleman
As outlined below, the goal of this study to apply an integrated, multi-faceted approach to the analysis of the initial molecular and cellular processes involved with cell adhesion, colonization, and biofilm formation so as to gain near-nanometer...
Lead Institution: University of Idaho
Principal Investigator: Andreas Vasdekis
Supersonic jets and race cars powered by advanced biofuels have become a reality. These are substantially more energy-dense than widely available bioethanol supplements, and thus critical to national security and climate change according to the US...
Lead Institution: University of California, Davis
Principal Investigator: Alexandra Navrotsky
The garnet structure is a promising nuclear waste form due to its potential of accommodating various actinide elements. Study of tetravalent cation substitution in a simple garnet system may shed light on the substitution mechanisms and their...
Lead Institution: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Principal Investigator: John Bargar
Uranium (U) contamination of aquifers is a persistent problem at DOE legacy ore processing sites and, contrary to initial predictions, many plumes are not attenuating with natural groundwater flushing. In these sediments, U is typically enriched in...
Lead Institution: Harvard University
Principal Investigator: Scot Martin
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major constituent of submicron atmospheric aerosol particles, whose effects on climate and human health remain highly uncertain. Until very recently SOA particles were assumed low viscosity solutions that...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Matthew Marshall
Rhizobacterial biofilms are a major sink for plant-derived carbon, and a major source for microbially-derived soil organic matter (SOM). Bacteria residing within biofilm matrices, which restrict oxygen diffusion, may transfer electrons to ferric...
Lead Institution: University of Washington
Principal Investigator: Alexander Gagnon
From the pace of the ice ages to how the carbon cycle has changed through time, much of what we know about earth history and climate dynamics is based on proxies. Recorded as trace element anomalies or as isotopic shifts, proxies are geochemical...
Lead Institution: University of Minnesota
Principal Investigator: Jonathan Schilling
Wood-degrading fungi make energy from natures most abundant yet most recalcitrant plant tissue.9 Their mechanisms have obvious bioenergy relevance, and the brown rot fungi we study accomplish this without removing large amounts of lignin and...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Ryan Renslow
Currently, there are no nuclear magnetic resonance or IMS databases specifically built for identifying and quantifying metabolites of relevance to environmental samples in general, or to microbial communities in specific. We propose to develop a...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jian-zhi Hu
Li-metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries. However, dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency (CE) during repeated Li deposition/stripping processes have prevented the application of this anode in rechargeable Li...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: James De Yoreo
The purpose of this research is to develop a quantitative picture of the impact of increasing global temperatures on organic-soil mineral interactions within the context of both microbial control over mineral formation and immobilization of soluble...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Xiao-Ying Yu
Understanding how metabolic pathways are interconnected and controlled at the subcellular scale within living systems with coexisting macromolecules in a cell that has complex structure, dynamics, and response is a grand scientific challenge....
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Xiao-Ying Yu
We seek to understand how the dynamics of nutrients, metabolites and metals influence microbial processes in biofilm systems. Our approach will use axenic or heterogeneous microbial communities to test how microorganisms interact with their...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Ryan Renslow
Dental caries disease is one of the most widespread diseases globally. A hallmark of supragingival microbial communities is the ability to rapidly metabolize carbohydrates, which dramatically reduces the pH. The subsequent recovery of pH is a...
Lead Institution: University of California, San Diego
Principal Investigator: Nathan Gianneschi
High-capacity gas storage and separation materials have tremendous potential for applications in alternative energy generation (hydrogen fuel cells) and in environmental and human health protection (carbon sequestration or toxic gas detection/...
Lead Institution: University of California, Santa Barbara
Principal Investigator: Susannah Scott
Biomass represents a renewable and potentially carbon-neutral alternative to fossil fuels for the production of carbon-based chemicals and fuels. Although efficient heterogeneous catalysis is vital for large-scale continuous processing of biomass,...
Lead Institution: University of California, Santa Barbara
Principal Investigator: Susannah Scott
Carbohydrate-based biomass is a renewable alternative to fossil fuels for the production of energy-dense, liquid carbon-based chemicals and fuels. Large-scale applications for biomass-derived feedstocks are highly dependent on the design of...
Lead Institution: Stanford University
Principal Investigator: Yi Cui
Due to the high theoretical capacity of silicon, silicon nanomaterial anodes have been investigated by our group as advanced active materials for lithium-ion battery anodes, but are limited by their high volumetric expansion and by parasitic side...
Lead Institution: Oregon State University
Principal Investigator: Xiulei Ji
We would like to petition to use the EMSLs advanced in-situ experimental systems to study charge and mass transport phenomena, as well as solvent-interface interaction in amorphous carbon used as Na-ion battery (NIB) anodes. This proposed research...
Lead Institution: University of Texas at Austin
Principal Investigator: Brian Korgel
The goal of this project is to understand the physical and chemical changes, along with interfacial charge transfer, that occur in advanced anodes in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). For example, silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) nanomaterials are some...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Dongsheng Li
The long-term goal of this project is to understand the growth of complex crystalline structures by aggregation and oriented attachment (OA) of primary nanoparticles. The formation of materials through this process both leads to branched structures...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Dongsheng Li
The long-term goal of this project is to understand the growth of complex crystalline structures by aggregation and oriented attachment (OA) of primary nanoparticles. The formation of materials through this process both leads to branched structures...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Dongsheng Li
The long-term goal of this project is to understand the growth of complex crystalline structures by aggregation and oriented attachment (OA) of primary nanoparticles. The formation of materials through this process both leads to branched structures...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Dongsheng Li
Electrical, optical and mechanical properties of inorganic nanostructures have strong relationships with their morphologies. For example, one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, ZnO nanowires, TiO2 nanotubes possess novel...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Dongsheng Li
Electrical, optical and mechanical properties of inorganic nanostructures have strong relationships with their morphologies. For example, one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, ZnO nanowires, TiO2 nanotubes possess novel...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Dongsheng Li
Electrical, optical and mechanical properties of inorganic nanostructures have strong relationships with their morphologies. For example, one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, ZnO nanowires, TiO2 nanotubes possess novel...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Steven Luksic
X-ray computed tomography (CT) analysis will support waste-glass research by analyzing room-temperature samples and adapting a furnace for use in the CT instrument. Developing a glass-melting furnace in the CT instrument will allow unprecedented...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jian-zhi Hu
The catalyzed conversion of biomass to hydrocarbon energy carriers requires a cascade of reactions that deconstruct and reduce the polymeric, highly oxofunctionalized biomass material. This chemistry faces steep challenges, as it has to be performed...
Lead Institution: University of Michigan
Principal Investigator: Neil Dasgupta
The objective of the proposed work is to investigate interfacial phenomena that occur in all-solid-state batteries through in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations under applied bias. This will be accomplished by fabricating core-...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Janet Jansson
The proposed research will address how altered sleep cycles, such as that experienced in a submarine environment, impacts the gut microbiome (GM) with important implications towards the long-term goal of enhancing warfighter resilience. The...
Lead Institution: Savannah River National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Daniel Kaplan
About 20% of the earth's carbon resides in wetlands and another 20% of the organic carbon in sediment is associated to reactive iron phases, either existing in wetlands or elsewhere. This proposed EMSL project is a key part of a larger DOE-OS/...
Lead Institution: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Principal Investigator: Joanna Atkin
This work uses infrared near-field optical spectroscopy to investigate the secondary structure of fiber-forming and globular proteins with nanoscale spatial resolution. These protein classes are difficult to study with conventional structural...
Lead Institution: University of Colorado at Boulder
Principal Investigator: Markus Raschke
We request access to the scattering scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) we have developed during a partner proposal, and scanning electron microscope / focused ion beam (SEM/FIB) facility. We propose to perform nanoscale infrared...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Tatiana Levitskaia
One of the DOE-EM current challenges is to meet regulatory requirements for near term technetium (Tc) disposal due to excess Tc in DOE waste streams. Design of novel Tc separation and immobilization technologies requires detailed knowledge of Tc...
Lead Institution: Michigan Technological University
Principal Investigator: Evan Kane
Peatlands are one of the most important ecosystems providing feedbacks to the climate system because they store a large component (>30%) of the world's soil C stocks. Peatlands also are found predominantly at northern high latitudes, which...
Lead Institution: Oregon State University
Principal Investigator: Frederick Colwell
Methane hydrate-bearing marine continental margin sediments are estimated to contain up to 2000 Pg carbon as methane, a potent greenhouse gas. This methane is released upon hydrate dissociation, dissolving into sediment pore water and migrating...
Lead Institution: Duke University
Principal Investigator: Rytas Vilgalys
We propose an integrated -omic study of symbiotic interactions between pines (Pinus spp.) and their ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) in the genus Suillus. We are developing the Pine-Suillus symbiosis as a model for understanding EME function across...
Lead Institution: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Chongle Pan
The overarching goal of this study is to find probable genomic variations that directly confer desirable traits to poplars for production of biofuels and bioproducts. Such potentially causative genomic variations will be used as targets for genetic...
Lead Institution: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Chongle Pan
Populus is a DOE flagship plant for biofuel biomass production. Improving Populus as a feedstock crop is a major focus of DOE Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs) and many academic laboratories. Here, we aim to determine structural and local variations...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Steven Yabusaki
The goal of this project is to develop a mechanistic, quantitative, and predictive simulation capability for coupled flow and biogeochemical reactive transport that accounts for:
- genome-specific networks of metabolic reactions ("in silico...
Lead Institution: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Blanchard
Our objective in this proposed research is to determine the plant and microbial metabolic processes differentially regulated in response to increased temperature by time series analysis that includes short-term toggling of the temperature at the...
Lead Institution: Marine Biological Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Zoe Cardon
The microbial activities on which humanity and ecosystems depend are determined by both microbial community membership and the resources and conditions in the microbes' local environments. In order to effectively explore "omics" (...
Lead Institution: Seattle Children's Research Institute
Principal Investigator: Michael Portman
These investigations will explore the complex interactions involved in cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell signaling. We will use complex models to link intra-cellular regulatory networks that control the response of cells to their...
Lead Institution: Seattle Children's Research Institute
Principal Investigator: Michael Portman
These investigations will explore the complex interactions involved in cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell signaling. We will use complex models to link intra-cellular regulatory networks that control the response of cells to their...
Lead Institution: Seattle Children's Research Institute
Principal Investigator: Michael Portman
These investigations will explore the complex interactions involved in cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell signaling. We will use complex models to link intra-cellular regulatory networks that control the response of cells to their...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Philip Rasch
Aerosols are important, and their sources and sinks are changing in response to human activity. Aerosols--small solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere--influence the planet in many ways. Growing evidence points to aerosols,...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Philip Rasch
This proposal requests cascade resources (0.8M node hours) to produce a more reliable model for climate studies. Staff time is funded with support from other BER projects. Our goals are to (1) improve aerosol treatments in Global Climate Models (...
Lead Institution: University of Michigan
Principal Investigator: Rose Cory
The ongoing thawing of permafrost soils is the only environmental change that allows tremendous stores of organic carbon (C) to be converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) on relatively short time scales, thus providing a positive and accelerating...
Lead Institution: University of California, Davis
Principal Investigator: Qi Zhang
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is usually a major component of airborne particulate matter (PM). Since PM has large impacts on climate, human health, and visibility, understanding the formation and transformation mechanisms of SOA in the atmosphere...
Lead Institution: Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Principal Investigator: Wei Huang
Recently, much work has been done to explore the process of new particle formation (NPF). However, the mechanisms by which clusters form in the atmosphere are still poorly understood, which is quite essential to understand the role of aerosol in the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Nigel Browning
The specific aim of this project is to probe the structure-property relationships of energy storage materials based on multivalent ions (Mg2+, Ca2+ and Al3+) under dynamic electrochemical cycling conditions with a range of spatial (down to atomic)...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jaehun Chun
The aim of the proposed research is to understand unique particle interactions in tank waste relevant systems from chemical physics at solid-liquid interfaces, and to determine how those interactions influence long-range ordering (agglomeration) of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jaehun Chun
The aim of the proposed research is to understand unique particle interactions in tank waste relevant systems from chemical physics at solid-liquid interfaces, and to determine how those interactions influence long-range ordering (agglomeration) of...
Lead Institution: Cornell University
Principal Investigator: Johannes Lehmann
Reduced turnover rate (often referred to as "negative priming") of soil organic carbon (SOC) by pyrogenic black carbon (pyC) has the potential to have dramatic long-term effects on soil carbon stocks. However, the net impact of negative...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: ManishKumar Shrivastava
We propose to investigate the molecular-level processes responsible for anthropogenic-biogenic interactions that enhance production and atmospheric lifetime of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA). The proposed work will focus on the...
Lead Institution: University of California, San Diego
Principal Investigator: Nathan Gianneschi
The kinetics and dynamics of metalorganic framework (MOF) formation and subsequent reactivity of the structural elements of MOFs have not been examined with nanoscale resolution. In situ TEM provides a unique method for detailed analysis of these...
Lead Institution: University of New Mexico
Principal Investigator: Ivana Gonzales
This project is designed to rationalize atomic level chemical processes occurring at the interface of novel non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) catalysts, which are composed of transition metals, nitrogen, and carbon (abbreviated as M-N-C catalysts...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jonathan Thomle
During years of activity at the Hanford site various locations were contaminated with uranium. At several disposal sites this contamination may be too deep and costly to dig up and may also increase workers risk of exposure. If left without...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Wu Xu
The objective of this proposal is to understand the reactions occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interphases in two metal-oxygen batteries, more specifically the interphases of lithium/electrolyte and air electrode/electrolyte in nonaqueous...
Lead Institution: University of California, Berkeley
Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Reimer
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as materials for the capture of CO2 from post-combustion flue gases. The knowledge of gas binding mechanisms and the in-depth understanding of MOF structures are the key guiding basis for optimizing...
Lead Institution: University of Wisconsin, Madison
Principal Investigator: Kumar Sridharan
The safe and economical operation of current and future nuclear power systems depends to a great extent on the performance of structural and fuel materials. When in service in a nuclear reactor, components are subjected to intense radiation fields,...
Lead Institution: The Ohio State University
Principal Investigator: David Cole
The overarching goal of this proposal is to obtain deeper insight into the behavior of low viscous energy resource fluids under confinement at solid interfaces. To achieve this goal we will (a) assess the behavior of methane and volatile...
Lead Institution: University of Nevada, Reno
Principal Investigator: Yu Yang
The proposed project will investigate dynamics in the chemical composition of organic carbon (OC) and its association with iron (Fe) oxide during redox reactions. Iron oxide mineral phase transformation under redox cycles will alter aqueous/solid-...
Lead Institution: University of Delaware
Principal Investigator: Deb Jaisi
With the rise of coastal dead zones, oxygen-dependent feedback effects on phosphorus (P) cycling in coastal environments will play more important roles globally. Proposed research will employ phosphate oxygen stable isotopes in tandem with...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Kevin Rosso
In subsurface redox microenvironments, as an outcome of essential microbial activity, interaction of aqueous Fe(II) with Fe(III)-(oxyhydr)oxide minerals such as goethite and hematite yields a catalytically reactive "sorbed Fe(II)" species...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Nigel Browning
Innovation of energy storage technology depends critically on the fundamental understanding of the operating mechanism and dynamic interaction across different components in the storage unit. With the progress of advanced analytic and physical...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mart Oostrom
There is a distinct need to develop and validate field-scale methods for estimating matrix (back) diffusion because degradation and diffusion of contaminants at interfaces of low- and high-permeability layers is important in quantifying and...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Wayne Hess
The details of how photons couple to wide bandgap materials and the consequences of these excitations such as particle emission and field enhancement are playing increasingly important roles in several technologies and applications, including...
Lead Institution: The Ohio State University
Principal Investigator: Michael Wilkins
Black shales underlay much of the continental U.S., and are a critical component of current and future energy resources. To extract hydrocarbons from these formations, shales are hydraulically fractured, via injection of sand, water, and chemical...
Lead Institution: Graz University of Technology
Principal Investigator: Gabriele Berg
Plants form close interactions with microorganisms which are essential for their performance and survival, and plant-microbe interactions are a key for understanding and improvement of plant growth and health but also for sustainable agricultural...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: James De Yoreo
The purpose of this research is to develop a quantitative picture of the impact of increasing global temperatures on organic-soil mineral interactions within the context of both microbial control over mineral formation and immobilization of soluble...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Tao Liu
In order to facilitate future studies of diseased or drug-altered biological conditions by monitoring human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) it is necessary to begin by creating a database/roadmap or masterlist of the normal human CSF proteome. We will use...
Lead Institution: University of California, Berkeley
Principal Investigator: Mary Firestone
In this JGI-EMSL project, we will investigate how living roots impact the functional capacity of the detritosphere (litter and surrounding soil) microbiome that is actively mediating decomposition processes. We hypothesize that the input of root-...
Lead Institution: West Virginia University
Principal Investigator: Jonathan Cumming
This research will identify the molecular responses that enable circumvention of phosphorus (P) starvation response in symbiotic plant-microbe communities. Using JGI/EMSL capabilities to assess multiomic responses of plant root-microbe communities...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Rahul Zaveri
Recent theoretical and laboratory studies have revealed that the timescales of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) partitioning and the associated aerosol growth kinetics depend on the complex interplay between SOA volatility, particle phase state/...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Richard Smith
Molecular profiling of breast cancer into subcategories based on functional ER expression and amplification of HER2 has significantly enhanced our understanding of the disease, and has pointed the way to broad categories of therapeutic intervention...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Robert Weber
The industrially funded research program is being managed by Robert Weber and Morris Bullock. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop new technologies for the electrocatalytic synthesis of pharmaceutical relevant molecules. Pertinent to this...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Kevin Rosso
Interaction of aqueous Fe(II) with major Fe(III)-oxides and oxyhydroxides yields the enigmatic catalytically reactive "sorbed Fe(II)" species and apparent facile recrystallization of even the most stable forms of these minerals. Such...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Daniel Schreiber
Materials degradation and failure in hostile environments are critical issues affecting current and future generations of power generation systems. In this research, we seek to elucidate the mechanistics of environmental degradation using model...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Daniel Schreiber
Materials degradation and failure in hostile environments are critical issues affecting current and future generations of power generation systems. In this research, we seek to elucidate the mechanistics of environmental degradation using model...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jonathan Suter
This project is funded by the Office of Nuclear Energy under the Enabling Technologies program. Verifying the structural integrity of passive components in light-water and advanced reactors will be necessary to ensure safe, long-term operations of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jonathan Suter
This project is funded by the Office of Nuclear Energy under the Enabling Technologies program. Verifying the structural integrity of passive components in light-water and advanced reactors will be necessary to ensure safe, long-term operations of...
Lead Institution: Stanford University
Principal Investigator: Scott Fendorf
Depositional environments such as floodplains are poorly understood and dynamic components of the global carbon cycle that not are well represented in Earth system models. Further, they have a dominant influence on metal cycling within critical...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Hans Bernstein
We propose to employ EMSL's state-of-the-art metabolomics capabilities to gain a predictive understanding of how compartmentalized metabolic reactions are coordinated across carbon and energy exchanges in microbial communities. We seek to...
Lead Institution: University of North Carolina Greensboro
Principal Investigator: Qibin Zhang
Understanding how human organs respond to ionizing radiation (IR) at a systems biology level and identifying biomarkers for IR exposure at low doses can help provide a scientific basis for establishing radiation protection standards. Little is known...
Lead Institution: Arizona State University
Principal Investigator: Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
Understanding the complex relationships in mixed microbial communities and host-microbiome interactions directly addresses the EMSL Science Theme of Biological Interactions and Dynamics: Developing a quantitative, systems-level understanding of the...
Lead Institution: Arizona State University
Principal Investigator: Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
Combining NMR data and Mass Spec data with biostatistics and bioinformatics will enhance the impact of phylogenetic analysis, biochemical mechanistic studies, and mathematical modeling currently being undertaken in an existing ASU-Mayo Clinic...
Lead Institution: Centro de Investigacion Ecologica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF)
Principal Investigator: Josep Penuelas
Tropical forests play a key role for mitigating climate change threats by sequestring anthropogenic carbon and are one of the most sensitive systems for global change scenarios. P is very limited in tropical ecosystems compared to N. Soils of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Praveen Kumar Thallapally
Among all the potential radioactive contamination from nuclear waste, the radioactive 99Tc is of particular concern. It is estimated that approximately 300 metric tons of 99Tc has been generated from nuclear reactors and weapons over the past...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karen Wahl
Biological toxins are of human health and biosecurity concern. Identification of such toxins often relies on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, but orthogonal approaches are desired. The objective of this project is to develop mass...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karen Wahl
Biological toxins are of human health and biosecurity concern. Identification of such toxins often relies on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, but orthogonal approaches are desired. The objective of this project is to develop mass...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mychailo Toloczko
Radiation induced changes in microstructure that adversely affects dimensional stability and mechanical properties is still the life-limiting degradation process for many nuclear reactor core internals. In light water reactors, irradiation-induced...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mychailo Toloczko
Radiation induced changes in microstructure that adversely affects dimensional stability and mechanical properties is still the life-limiting degradation process for many nuclear reactor core internals. In light water reactors, irradiation-induced...
Lead Institution: University of Texas at Austin
Principal Investigator: Charles Werth
Steep gradients in chemical concentration, redox potential, pH, and temperature are common in the environment. They are often hotspots of microbial activity and diversity. For example, dense biological growth can occur along the margins of...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jennifer Pett-Ridge
Tropical forest soils store more carbon (C) --as plant litter and decomposed organic matter-- than any other terrestrial ecosystem and play a critical role in the production of greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide) that affect...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Vanessa Bailey
Current versions of the Community Land Model (CLM) do not represent the soil biogeochemical mechanisms controlling the fluxes of CO2 and CH4, two known greenhouse gases (GHG).. This failure is largely because little is known about the dynamics of...
Microbial CH4 and CO2 Fluxes and C Stabilization Mechanisms in Soils -- supplement to Proposal 47865
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Vanessa Bailey
Current versions of the Community Land Model (CLM) do not represent the soil biogeochemical mechanisms controlling the fluxes of CO2 and CH4, two known greenhouse gases (GHG).. This failure is largely because little is known about the dynamics of...
Lead Institution: University of British Columbia
Principal Investigator: Steven Hallam
The hydraulic fracturing of shale to extract natural gas is revolutionizing energy production and creating a global economic windfall. Concomitant with shale gas development, emerging industrial practices and environmental regulations are demanding...
Lead Institution: The Ohio State University
Principal Investigator: Kelly Wrighton
Terrestrial deep shales and their interfaces are carbon-rich environments that represent a significant component of the U.S. energy portfolio. Energy resources in these environments have recently been accessed via hydraulic fracturing (i.e. '...
Lead Institution: University of British Columbia
Principal Investigator: Steven Hallam
Dissolved oxygen (O2) concentration is a critical organizing principle within marine ecosystems. As oxygen levels decline, energy is increasingly diverted away from higher trophic levels into microbial pathways leading to fixed nitrogen loss and...
Lead Institution: University of British Columbia
Principal Investigator: Steven Hallam
Globally, soils store more than double the C in the planets atmosphere, and three times the C in aboveground biomass. This large carbon reservoir, stored as soil organic matter (SOM), can be mobilized by soil microbes and released into the...
Lead Institution: University of British Columbia
Principal Investigator: William Mohn
Soil organic matter (SOM) subsidies to marine environments are of particular interest in coastal temperate rainforests due to the large amounts of SOM efflux relative to other forest ecosystems, and their importance as carbon and nutrient sources...
Lead Institution: University of South Carolina
Principal Investigator: Alan Decho
Nanoparticles are ultra-small particulates often having novel properties. Their current use constitutes a multibillion dollar industry that is expected to rapidly grown in the near future. Nanoparticles are being released into the environment from a...
Lead Institution: Miami University
Principal Investigator: Hailiang Dong
Recent study estimates that soil is one of the three largest reservoirs of organic matter (OM) on Earth. Soil carbon is a highly dynamic carbon repository, and its turnover time has a major impact on carbon cycle and global climate. Virtually all of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jay Grate
The aim of this research is to create oxygen sensing fluorescent surfaces in plastic, and microfluidic structures, that are useful in the investigation of oxygen-dependent biological processes. The devices will be able to generate oxygen...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jay Grate
The aim of this research is to create oxygen sensing fluorescent surfaces in plastic, and microfluidic structures, that are useful in the investigation of oxygen-dependent biological processes. The devices will be able to generate oxygen...
Lead Institution: University of Washington
Principal Investigator: David Stahl
Anthropogenic inputs of reactive nitrogen (NH4+, NO2-, NO3-) in agriculture, supporting about 40% of the world's population, will increase with population growth and anticipated investments in bioenergy crop cultivation. The environmental...
Lead Institution: University of the Pacific
Principal Investigator: Ryan Moffet
Changes in chemical mixing state affects large scale processes such as cloud formation and has been a source of considerable uncertainty in atmospheric models. With the development of a new parameterization of aerosol mixing state that employs...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Weilin Jiang
Fusion power can provide clean, safe and sustainable energy. One of the top grand challenges for fusion economy is the materials engineering. A project under the fusion materials program at PNNL, sponsored by DOE Office of Science FES (Fusion Energy...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Weilin Jiang
A project from the fusion materials program at PNNL, sponsored by DOE Office of Science FES (Fusion Energy Science), will be carried out under this EMSL general user proposal for FY15. The experimental studies will focus on the scientific issues...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: John Loring
Transformations of minerals covered in thin films of adsorbed H2O are ubiquitous in nature and occur under unique chemical and physical constraints. But in contrast to bulk aqueous systems, fundamental understanding of reaction pathways at these...
Lead Institution: Oregon Health & Science University
Principal Investigator: Bradley Tebo
Microbial Mn(II) oxidation is an important environmental process that links the biogeochemical cycle of Mn with the cycling of C, N, P, and many trace metals and radionuclides. The Mn oxides produced by microbes are some of the strongest oxidants...
Lead Institution: University of Minnesota
Principal Investigator: Donald Truhlar
Kohn-Sham density functional theory is widely used; however, no currently
available exchange-correlation functional can predict all chemical properties with chemical accuracy. We plan to develop new density functionals that can be broadly applied...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Zdenek Dohnalek
The detailed understanding of biomass conversion on well-defined model oxide catalysts provides valuable feedback for subsequent catalyst design and synthesis of desired products such as biofuels. Using state of the art EMSL capabilities (scanning...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Zdenek Dohnalek
This proposal focuses on mechanistic studies of biomass deoxygenation chemistry on model ruthenium oxide catalysts. Our previous work has concentrated on the properties of TiO2, WO3, and MoO3 based catalysts. The studies aim at understanding the...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Hector Garcia Martin
At the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) we have been able to metabolically engineer E. coli and S. cerevisiae strains that produce biofuel molecules such as bisabolene or fatty acid ethyl esters. In spite of these successes, metabolic engineering is...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Kerry Hipps
The proposed research will focus on investigating interfacial processes and properties of metal-organic films in solvent and non-solvent mediated interfaces. The goal is to understand the kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical reactions occurring...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Richard Smith
This comprehensive and highly integrated systems biology program seeks to delineate the complex host responses that determine the outcome of infections with potentially lethal viruses. To achieve this goal, cells and mice will be infected with wild-...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Richard Smith
This comprehensive and highly integrated systems biology program seeks to delineate the complex host responses that determine the outcome of infections with potentially lethal viruses. To achieve this goal, cells and mice will be infected with wild-...
Lead Institution: University of Oklahoma
Principal Investigator: Laura Bartley
This proposal is for pilot experiments toward developing a comprehensive proteome, phosphoproteome, and cell wall composition analysis of grass internode cell wall development. Grass cell walls are one of the most abundant potential sources for...
Lead Institution: California Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator: John Seinfeld
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) can be a large component of the troposphere, potentially altering visibility, human health, atmospheric chemistry, and climate patterns on a regional scale. The proposed work explores novel chemistry of the first-...
Lead Institution: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Baohua Gu
We propose to utilize the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) to identify specific molecules in naturally dissolved organic matter (DOM) that react with mercury (Hg) and thus to understand the factors that control...
Lead Institution: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator: Ottmar Möhler
A small number of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs) can induce freezing of supercooled droplets in tropospheric clouds and conceivably influence precipitation and the planets climate. Neglecting them may produce a large uncertainty in...
Lead Institution: University of Wisconsin, Madison
Principal Investigator: Joel Pedersen
The proposed project focuses on applying EMSL's outstanding capabilities in super resolution and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy (Galya Orr), high-resolution vibrational spectroscopy (hr-SFG) (Hongfei Wang), and all-atom molecular...
Lead Institution: University of California, Irvine
Principal Investigator: Sergey Nizkorodov
Atmospheric aerosols have a profound effect on climate by scattering and absorbing solar and Earth radiation. They can be predominantly scattering (e.g., sea-salt aerosol), predominantly absorbing (e.g., black carbon), or have intermediate optical...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Wu Xu
The objectives of this proposal are to understand the reactions occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interphases in lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries, and to investigate the transform mechanisms of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC)...
Lead Institution: University of Missouri - Columbia
Principal Investigator: Gary Stacey
A large body of literature attests to the plant growth promotion effects of various endophytic bacteria, including significant increases in crop yield. These studies include the possible impact of nitrogen fixation by these bacteria. While nitrogen...
Lead Institution: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Blanchard
A more complete understanding of how global warming will affect carbon-cycle feedbacks to the climate system is central to model projections of future climate. Simulation experiments with fully coupled, three-dimensional carbon-climate models...
Lead Institution: Argonne National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Frank Collart
Forest ecosystem productivity is often limited by mineral nutrient availability; phosphorus (P) is one of the major mineral nutrients required by forest trees in significant amounts. To overcome P limitation, plants form ectomycorrhizal (ECM)...
Lead Institution: Northwest Research Associates
Principal Investigator: Cynthia Twohy
Some types of biological aerosol particles such as bacteria, fungal spores and pollen are known to be potent ice nuclei that form ice in the atmosphere at relatively warm temperatures. However, which types of particles are important in various...
Lead Institution: Northwestern University
Principal Investigator: Franz Geiger
This proposal focuses on applying EMSL's high-resolution vibrational spectroscopy (hr-SFG) capabilities (Hongfei Wang), nano-DESI high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis techniques (Julia and Alex Laskin), and high-performance computing...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Sebastien Kerisit
The objective of the proposed research is to elucidate and quantify the molecular-scale mechanisms of heteroepitaxial nucleation and growth at mineral-water interfaces. Despite several examples of heteroepitaxy occurring in nature or in simulated...
Lead Institution: Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Principal Investigator: Wei Huang
Criegee intermediates (CI) are key intermediates in the reaction of ozone with alkenes. The stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCI) can react with atmospheric species such as water vapor, NO2, SO2, oxygenates etc. The oxidation of these substances by...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Zhenjia Wang
The major goal of this proposal is to access the advanced facility at EMSL to obtain the preliminary data to support our grant application. The structure-activity relationship of nanomaterials is critical in many applications, such as energy...
Lead Institution: Technical University of Denmark
Principal Investigator: Rebecca Lennen
One of the largest barriers to achieving economical bio-based production of bulk chemicals such as biofuels and polymer precursors is poor tolerance of microbial production hosts toward high concentrations of excreted product. These concentrations...
Lead Institution: Argonne National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Philippe Noirot
Rhizosphere communities, the bacteria and fungi that live in symbiotic association with plant roots, have a significant effect on nutrient cycling and biomass accumulation in terrestrial environments. These symbiotic communities are highly dynamic...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Simone Raugei
We propose to use EMSL NMR and supercomputing resources to gain a molecular level understanding of how substrate binding, electron, and proton delivery is controlled by the nitrogenase metalloenzyme to synthesize ammonia (NH3) from dinitrogen (N2)....
Lead Institution: University of California, San Diego
Principal Investigator: Nathan Gianneschi
The marine environment is a highly diverse and complex system, playing an important role in biogeochemical cycling of the world carbon stock. Sea spray aerosols (SSA) make significant contributions to these cycles by ejecting carbon from the sea...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karl Mueller
My research team at EMSL carries out a number of studies that utilize a combination of high-resolution, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and computational chemistry to address areas of national need. My research projects...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karl Mueller
My research team at EMSL carries out a number of studies that utilize a combination of high-resolution, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and computational chemistry to address areas of national need. My research projects...
Lead Institution: University of Minnesota
Principal Investigator: Donald Truhlar
The present proposal is for computational resources to support a DOE-funded joint experimental and computational project to design and synthesize new materials with high capacities for electrical charge storage; the new materials are being used as...
Lead Institution: Texas A&M University
Principal Investigator: Michael Hall
Hydrogen is a clean-burning fuel with high energy density and has become a target as one ecological-friendly fuel for the future. Hydrogenase proteins catalyze the reversible conversion of molecule H2 to protons and electrons by mild mechanisms....
Lead Institution: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Richard Ferrieri
The interaction between plants and their environment is of key importance in promoting sustainable, healthy, and robust plant growth. Underlying the ability of plants to cope with a variety of stresses and often suboptimal conditions are...
Lead Institution: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Richard Ferrieri
The interaction between plants and their environment is of key importance in promoting sustainable, healthy, and robust plant growth. Underlying the ability of plants to cope with a variety of stresses and often suboptimal conditions are...
Lead Institution: Washington University in St. Louis
Principal Investigator: Marcus Foston
The last decade has witnessed the tremendous power of systems biology in analyzing and understanding complex biological systems. For example, omics tools have deepened our understanding of microbial metabolism and gene regulation as well as advanced...
Lead Institution: University of Washington
Principal Investigator: Sharon Doty
Poplar (Populus) trees are an early successional pioneer plant species able to colonize nutrient-limited, cobble-dominated riparian zones. Native poplar has a diverse microbiota including strains that can fix dinitrogen gas, solubilize phosphate,...
Lead Institution: University of Washington
Principal Investigator: Sharon Doty
Poplar (Populus) trees are an early successional pioneer plant species able to colonize nutrient-limited, cobble-dominated riparian zones. Native poplar has a diverse microbiota including strains that can fix dinitrogen gas, solubilize phosphate,...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: John Cort
High resolution solution state NMR spectroscopy will be used to profile monoclonal antibodies. Two antibodies will be studied, 1) a candidate NIST standard Fab domain, and 2) trastuzumab, an FDA approved drug used to treat breast cancer. The NIST...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Herman Cho
Our objective is to evaluate magnetic resonance spectroscopy's potential, 239Pu nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in particular, as a probe for plutonium-containing materials. As a key constituent of both nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons,...
Lead Institution: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Alexander Johs
Mercury is a pervasive global pollutant. Its methylated form, methylmercury, poses a substantial threat to human health. Methylation of mercury (Hg) by anaerobic bacteria is the primary source of toxic methylmercury, which bioaccumulates up trophic...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Venkat Srinivasan
Electrification of vehicles is a critical component of DOE's efforts to reduce the dependence on foreign oil and greenhouse gas emissions. Improvements and cost reductions in lithium-ion battery technology will encourage the widespread adoption...
Lead Institution: Argonne National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Baris Key
Lithium-ion batteries are currently the rechargeable battery systems of choice in any high energy density application. Existing materials are unable to keep up with the ever growing demands of the modern way of life (mainly transportation and grid...
Lead Institution: Argonne National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Baris Key
Lithium-ion batteries are currently the rechargeable battery systems of choice in any high energy density application. Existing materials are unable to keep up with the ever growing demands of the modern way of life (mainly transportation and grid...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karen Kruska
We suggest using atom-probe tomography (APT) to study the cluster size and density distribution of Cu clusters in Fe-1Cu alloys after thermal ageing. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) will be used to investigate the dislocation density in...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Gregory Kimmel
Energetic processes at surfaces and interfaces are important in fields such as radiation chemistry, radiation biology, waste processing, and advanced materials synthesis. Low-energy electrons (<100 eV) frequently play a dominant role in these...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Gregory Kimmel
Energetic processes at surfaces and interfaces are important in fields such as radiation chemistry, radiation biology, waste processing, and advanced materials synthesis. Low-energy electrons (<100 eV) frequently play a dominant role in these...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mary Bliss
Support student research for graduate degrees by investigating novel inorganic and organic semiconductors for potential radiation detector applications. This requires fundamental structure and property characterization.
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Steven Yannone
Identifying alternative transportation fuels and reducing atmospheric greenhouse gasses are critical global challenges and central aspects of DOE missions. Methane is an abundant energy source in the US, but faces logistical barriers as a...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Steven Yannone
Identifying alternative transportation fuels and reducing atmospheric greenhouse gasses are critical
global challenges and central aspects of DOE missions. Methane is an abundant energy source in the
US, but faces logistical barriers as a...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Sue Clark
The Nuclear Process Science Initiative (NPSI) is an internal, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program investment in support of the nuclear science and technology research enterprise at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (...
Lead Institution: Washington University in St. Louis
Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Catalano
Our research investigates the potential applicability of phosphate injection as an in-situ remediation strategy to decrease aqueous U(VI) concentrations at contaminated DOE sites. Our goal is to characterize solid-associated U(VI) that forms in...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jerome Fast
A major PNNL research effort, funded through DOE's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program, focuses on knowledge gaps in aerosol effects on climate, including: Aerosol aging and its impact on optical and cloud-nucleating properties; ...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karin Rodland
An essential component of the OHSU-PNNL Northwest CoLaboratory for Integrated Omics (CoLab) is the collaborative pursuit of joint research projects that leverage the compelling biomedical model systems at OHSU with the cutting edge technologies at...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karin Rodland
An essential component of the OHSU-PNNL Northwest CoLaboratory for Integrated Omics (CoLab) is the collaborative pursuit of joint research projects that leverage the compelling biomedical model systems at OHSU with the cutting edge technologies at...
Lead Institution: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Principal Investigator: Stephen Long
Increasing sustainable yields of feedstocks is critical to economic, environmental and land resource viability of bioenergy and bioproduct systems. Photosynthesis is a fundamental contributor to yield yet has been little improved in crops to date...
Lead Institution: University of California, Santa Barbara
Principal Investigator: Susannah Scott
Lignocellulosic biomass represents an abundant and renewable resource that could displace a significant amount of the nations petroleum, but its widespread utilization will require the development of more efficient and effective conversion...
Lead Institution: University of New Mexico
Principal Investigator: Ivana Gonzales
The goal of this proposal is to determine details of the electrochemical processes at the enzyme-support interface when pyrroloquinoline quinone dependent enzymes are used as biocatalysts in bio-electrochemical systems. This will be accomplished by...
Lead Institution: United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service Cereal Disease Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Harold Kistler
Terpenoid compounds are a promising source of renewable biofuels that have many favorable characteristics such as high energy content and compatibility with existing energy-use technologies. While most attention has been paid to terpenoids produced...
Lead Institution: Montana State University
Principal Investigator: Robert Walker
This proposal describes coupled studies intended to identify and quantify the origin of organic solutes in sea spray aerosols (SSA) and to predict the consequences of aerosol organic enrichment on cloud condensation, cloud brightness and atmospheric...
Lead Institution: Oregon State University
Principal Investigator: David Myrold
It is now generally accepted that most of the organic matter in soils consists of materials that have been processed by the microbial community. Indeed, "necromass"--the remains of dead microbial cells--likely makes up most of the soil...
Lead Institution: University of Chicago
Principal Investigator: Joanne Stubbs
Uraninite (UO2) is the most abundant uranium ore mineral, its synthetic analog is the primary constituent of most nuclear fuels, it is the desired product of bioremediation strategies for uranium-contaminated soils and groundwaters, and it is of...
Lead Institution: University of Chicago
Principal Investigator: Joanne Stubbs
Uraninite (UO2) is the most abundant uranium ore mineral, its synthetic analog is the primary constituent of most nuclear fuels, it is the desired product of bioremediation strategies for uranium-contaminated soils and groundwaters, and it is of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Kristin Burnum-Johnson
The overall objective of this research is to identify uterine molecular targets that influence the window of receptivity for embryo implantation. The rational for the proposed research is that a better understanding of uterine-derived mediators...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Joshua Adkins
The BER Genome Science Program aims to understand complex biological and environmental systems across spatial and temporal scales to develop predictive knowledge relevant to DOE mission challenges. Obtaining such systems-level understanding requires...
Lead Institution: University of Minnesota
Principal Investigator: Donald Truhlar
In this study, we will analyze computationally the photodissociation of methylamine (CH3NH2) and bromoacetyl chloride (C2H2BrClO) by using a set of methods for modeling photodynamics that are under development in our group. We will also improve upon...
Lead Institution: State University of New York at Stony Brook
Principal Investigator: Daniel Knopf
The Amazonian region has been documented to be a source of a wide range of aerosol particle types including biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and salts, primary biological aerosol particles, biomass burning aerosol (BBA) representing the...
Lead Institution: University of Kansas
Principal Investigator: Joy Ward
Shifts in flowering time in response to climate change can alter both the timing and amount of carbon that is cycling within ecosystems. Atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) has increased from 270 to 400 ppm since the industrial revolution began,...
Lead Institution: Rice University
Principal Investigator: Janet Braam
Plant survival strategies include balancing resource allocation to growth versus defense against biotic stress. Despite the importance of this balance for plant productivity, measured as biomass and metabolite output and/or reproductive fitness, the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Erin Baker
Noncovalent protein-ligand interactions play a major role in many biological processes including signal transduction, enzymatic catalysis and immune response and determining those interactions is essential for applications ranging from biofuel...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Harris Mason
This work combines solid state NMR spectroscopic methods with EPR spectroscopy to probe Pu interactions at the mineral-water interface. Novel NMR spectroscopic techniques have been developed that can identify the specific surface binding sites for...
Lead Institution: University of British Columbia
Principal Investigator: Richard Hamelin
One of the biggest challenges in the production of biomass in agro-forestry is the growth loss and mortality caused by diseases. Septoria poplar canker, caused by the Dothideomycete fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella populorum =( Sphaerulina musiva), is...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Vanessa Bailey
The spatial separation of soil organic carbon (SOC), microbes, and extracellular activity is an important mechanism of SOC protection in soils that exists at the soil pore (micron-mm) scale. The microbial processes that control soil C metabolism,...
Lead Institution: Stanford University
Principal Investigator: Sally Benson
Carbon storage, the process where CO2 is injected into the subsurface where it is expected to remain trapped, is a technology that has the potential to greatly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Although significant efforts have been deployed over the...
Lead Institution: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Stephen Decker
We propose that Post-Translation Modification (PTM) of cellulases, especially glycosylation and N-terminal capping, has significant effects on glycoside hydrolase performance; as well as productivity and secretory efficiency. We further hypothesize...
Lead Institution: University of Saskatchewan
Principal Investigator: Mario Gomez
The purpose of the proposed work is to image and analyze chemically at the micro-nano scale pre-equilibrium adsorption processes and events hypothesized to occur (adsorption discretization, surface adsorption waves and surface repulsive forces)...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karen Kruska
We suggest to use FIB/SEM sequential milling either manually or with the slice and view application to study stress corrosion cracking (SCC) precursors in cold-worked Alloy 690 specimens.
Although to date no SCC case has been reported in alloy 690...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Vijayakumar Murugesan
A comprehensive understanding of solvent mediated ion pair formation between ionic solutes at the molecular- and mesoscale level remains elusive. This knowledge gap prevents the straightforward tailoring of material formulations for bulk ionic...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Joshua Adkins
The interactions between a host and a pathogen are complex, representing a molecular interplay that results in either health or disease as an outcome. Understanding the nuances of these interactions on a molecular level is critical to preventing...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Joshua Adkins
The interactions between a host and a pathogen are complex, representing a molecular interplay that results in either health or disease as an outcome. Understanding the nuances of these interactions on a molecular level is critical to preventing...
Lead Institution: Eindhoven University of Technology
Principal Investigator: Nico Sommerdijk
Cobalt (Co) nanoparticles are important catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, which is a chemical process that converts a mixture of carbon monoxides and hydrogen into hydrocarbons. The Co nanoparticles are produced through the reduction of from...
Lead Institution: University of Miami
Principal Investigator: Adam Braunschweig
Capping agents are used to control nanoparticle synthesis, terminate particle growth, and modulate facet and particle shape formation6. Many capping agents have evolved from simple alkyl thiols to more complex oligonucletides and peptides. The...
Lead Institution: University of Miami
Principal Investigator: Adam Braunschweig
Capping agents are used to control nanoparticle synthesis, terminate particle growth, and modulate facet and particle shape formation6. Many capping agents have evolved from simple alkyl thiols to more complex oligonucletides and peptides. The...
Lead Institution: Drexel University
Principal Investigator: Mitra Taheri
Interfacial science of nanomaterials and electronic devices under extreme environments are essential for their future developments and applications. At Drexel University, we are constrained by our LaB6 JEOL 2100 TEM and are unable to fully...
Lead Institution: Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research
Principal Investigator: Bernd Rellinghaus
Electron magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) is the electron wave analogue of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). It offers the possibility to study magnetic properties at the nanoscale in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). In a '...
Lead Institution: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
Principal Investigator: Johannes Neethling
Iron catalyst particles incorporating silica as a structural promoter exhibit a metal-support interaction that influences the Fischer-Tropsch catalytic behaviour of this catalyst system. The current model suggests the formation of an iron-silicate...
Lead Institution: Oregon State University
Principal Investigator: May Nyman
In this study, the kinetics and mechanism of ferrihydrite formation from the iron Keggin ion will be investigated using in situ liquid transmission electron microscopy (Liquid He CryoTEM). The requested time predicted to be 24 - 48 hrs and Dr....
Lead Institution: The Ohio State University
Principal Investigator: David McComb
As part of the DOE CERC-CVC project our goal is to characterize aging mechanisms in LiFePO4 batteries over several length scales. For this purpose, we wish to study both structural and phase transformations in the LiFePO4 composite cathode, at the...
Lead Institution: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mowafak Al-jassim
Perovskite based solar technologies are generating a great deal of interest in the materials community. In this work, we plan to utilize in-situ based electron-microscopy to characterize new synthesis routines and processes to generate sustainable...
Lead Institution: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mowafak Al-jassim
Perovskite based solar technologies are generating a great deal of interest in the materials community. In this work, we plan to utilize in-situ based electron-microscopy to characterize new synthesis routines and processes to generate sustainable...
Lead Institution: Purdue University
Principal Investigator: Michael Rossmann
Rubella virus is a major cause of birth defects due to infectious agents. When contracted during pregnancy, rubella infection leads to severe damage in fetuses. Rubella virus is a pleomorphic virus. Despite its medical importance, very little is...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Kerry Hipps
The in situ growth of organic crystalline nanostructures in solution will be examined by dynamic TEM to understand the growth mechanism of these unusual structures. This understanding will aid in the development of new materials with novel...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Kerry Hipps
The in situ growth of organic crystalline nanostructures in solution will be examined by dynamic TEM to understand the growth mechanism of these unusual structures. This understanding will aid in the development of new materials with novel...
Lead Institution: Yale University
Principal Investigator: Nikhil Malvankar
Microbial metabolism plays an important role in the global cycling of carbon, nutrients, and metals. Recent discovery of microorganisms sharing energy using direct electrical connections might represent a prominent strategy by which anaerobic...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Stephen Callister
This proposal will utilize next generation sequencing and mass spectrometry (MS) capabilities to address key knowledge gaps in our functional understanding of how complex microbiomes influence and are influenced by their surrounding environment (i.e...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Kevin Rosso
This Science Theme proposal aims at developing a fundamental understanding of forces between nanoparticles in aqueous solution that underpin self-assembly of materials by oriented aggregation. This mechanism of assembly is a poorly understood but...
Lead Institution: University of Southern California
Principal Investigator: A. Joshua West
A method developed to quantify hydroxyl (OH) sites on silicates is applied here for the first time to feldspar grains from soils in a glacial chronosequence. Illuminating the interplay between accumulation of surface OH sites and time primary...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Vijayakumar Murugesan
Molecular interactions at electrode-electrolyte interface are pivotal to the modern energy storage/conversion and microelectronic devices. However, our predictive understanding about the impact of electrode surface chemistry and nature of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Vijayakumar Murugesan
Molecular interactions at electrode-electrolyte interface are pivotal to the modern energy storage/conversion and microelectronic devices. However, our predictive level understanding about the impact of electrode surface chemistry and nature of...
Lead Institution: Northwestern University
Principal Investigator: Franz Geiger
This proposal focuses on applying EMSLs sub-1cm-1-resolution vibrational spectroscopy (hr-SFG) capabilities (Hongfei Wang), solid state NMR spectroscopy (Nancy Washton), nano-DESI high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis techniques (Julia and...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: R. Smith
The aims of this proposal are to develop, implement, and execute innovative experimental approaches to measure the physical properties of amorphous solids and supercooled liquids near the glass transition temperature, Tg. These data will provide a...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: R. Smith
The aims of this proposal are to develop, implement, and execute innovative experimental approaches to measure the physical properties of amorphous solids and supercooled liquids near the glass transition temperature, Tg. These data will provide a...
Lead Institution: University of Oklahoma
Principal Investigator: Laura Bartley
Grass cell walls are one of the most abundant potential sources for biofuel production. However, the biological conversion of grass biomass to fuel is limited by deconstruction of cell walls into component sugars. Grass cell walls have divergent...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: David Camp
This proposal focuses on the application of sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms for the broad detection and quantification of protein abundances towards the molecular mechanistic study of alcoholic hepatitis (AH)....
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jon Jacobs
This proposal focuses on the application of sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms for the broad detection and quantification of protein abundances towards the molecular mechanistic study of alcoholic hepatitis (AH)....
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jon Jacobs
This proposal focuses on the application of sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms for the broad detection and quantification of protein abundances towards the molecular mechanistic study of alcoholic hepatitis (AH)....
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Metz
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a common autoimmune disease in children and results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic ?-cells triggered by complex interactions of environmental factors and the immune system in genetically...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Metz
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a common autoimmune disease in children and results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic ?-cells triggered by complex interactions of environmental factors and the immune system in genetically...
Lead Institution: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Principal Investigator: Zaida Luthey-Schulten
To facilitate our BER funded research to develop models of acetotrophic methanogenic microbes that predictively capture changes in cell behavior with single cell resolution due to dynamic environments and constraints imposed by communities, we...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: James Fredrickson
The overall goal of this proposal is to provide a quantitative framework in which to compare species-resolved patterns of gene expression, allowing comparison of the effects of perturbations of various types, magnitudes, durations, and periodicities...
Lead Institution: Pennsylvania State University
Principal Investigator: James Kubicki
The accurate prediction of critical environmental chemical processes such as attenuation and transformation of contaminants, mobility of nutrients, and mineral dissolution and precipitation requires a meaningful measurement of surface reactivity....
Lead Institution: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Joel Rowland
Recent research has highlighted the importance of rivers and floodplains as a terrestrial carbon reservoir (Wohl et al., 2012; Regnier et al., 2013; Sutfin et al., 2016) and global assessments suggest that rivers could be a significant component of...
Lead Institution: University of Minnesota
Principal Investigator: Donald Truhlar
Metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile nanoporous materials with metal-containing nodes joined by organic linkers; they offer many possibilities for controlling their properties by the design of nodes, linkers, and three-dimensional...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: James McKinley
Synthesis of radioactive components of nuclear weapons generated abundant contaminant components, which were purposefully or accidentally disseminated into the terrestrial environment. This project will collect related environmental samples and...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: James McKinley
Synthesis of radioactive components of nuclear weapons generated abundant contaminant components, which were purposefully or accidentally disseminated into the terrestrial environment. This project will collect related environmental samples and...
Lead Institution: Savannah River National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Daniel Kaplan
Reducing cementitious materials are used as waste forms and engineered barriers for low-level radioactive waste disposal in the vadose zone. These materials are specifically formulated to contain elevated concentrations of sulfides and ferrous iron...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Wayne Hess
The goal of this proposal is to measure structurally-dependent electronic bulk and surface dynamics of electrons, holes, and excitons, on different but well-characterized hybrid materials, using complimentary techniques. PEEM is capable of...
Lead Institution: Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Principal Investigator: Josep Poblet
Structure-activity relationships determined from molecular-level investigation of mesoscale assemblies of well-defined clusters are critical to the rational development of improved devices for heterogeneous biofuel production and catalytic...
Lead Institution: University of Minnesota
Principal Investigator: Donald Truhlar
The project involves an ongoing collaboration of 20+ researchers from University of Minnesota, University of South Carolina, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The main goal of this project is to...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jennifer Pett-Ridge
Tropical forest soils store more carbon (C) --in the form of plant litter and decomposed organic matter-- than any other terrestrial ecosystem and play a critical role in the production of greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide)...
Lead Institution: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Principal Investigator: John Bargar
Natural organic matter (NOM) profoundly influences the cycles of metals in the subsurface in its role as electron donor for bacteria and as a complexing agent. In the proposed work, we investigate the impact of NOM degradation and composition on the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Weijun Qian
In type 1 diabetes (T1D) research there remains a critical need for having a systems level understanding of the early stage molecular mechanisms that trigger the specific destruction of pancreatic ?-cells by the autoimmune system. Thus, the overall...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mart Oostrom
Developing pore-scale transport predictive models in subsurface research is relevant to, among others, contaminant and colloidal transport, non-aqueous phase liquid dissolution, and deep sequestration of CO2. Currently, several independent research...
Lead Institution: Michigan State University
Principal Investigator: James Tiedje
Our team has used a data-model fusion analysis of a multi-year warming study site in the tundra permafrost region of Alaska that shows for every one unit of carbon entering the soil from plant primary productivity, 30% remained in the warmed plots...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Haimei Zheng
Our research goal of this proposal is to study the structural dynamics of cobalt-based bi-metallic nanoparticle catalysts during reactions using environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) for the fundamental understanding of Co-based...
Lead Institution: Savannah River National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Daniel Kaplan
All mobile contaminants in the upper aquifer eventually resurface in wetland areas. Due to their unique redox gradients and elevated microbial and organic carbon levels, wetlands tend to immobilize or greatly slow down the mobility of several...
Lead Institution: University of Iowa
Principal Investigator: Vicki Grassian
Here we propose to use the Department of Energy's EMSL facility to study the chemical composition and heterogeneous chemistry of sea spray aerosol which is a complex mixture of salt, biological and organic aerosol. Although a naturally...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Garry Buchko
As witnessed by the recent Zika virus scare, developing new drugs to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases is of upmost importance. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has identified the need to prepare a...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Garry Buchko
The Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (http://ssgcid.org), is one of two Structural Genomics Centers (SGCs) funded by NIAID to solve protein structures from biodefense organisms and emerging infectious diseases. The SGCs...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Rahul Zaveri
Recent theoretical and laboratory studies have revealed that the timescales of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) partitioning and the associated aerosol size distribution growth dynamics depend on the complex interplay between SOA volatility, particle...
Lead Institution: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Cheryl Kuske
Temperate ecosystems are experiencing increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition, which alter plant productivity and the amount and quality of above and belowground carbon. The composition and activity of soil fungi that...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Chunlong Chen
The overall purpose of this research is to develop highly-stable sequence-specific molecules (called peptoids) to mimic proteins and peptides for functions. These peptoids will mimic the ability of proteins to exhibit secondary and tertiary...
Lead Institution: Georgia Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator: Thomas DiChristina
Metal-reducing bacteria drive a variety of environmentally important processes, including the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and metals, the bioremediation of radionuclides and organohalides, and the generation of electricity in microbial fuel...
Lead Institution: University of Iowa
Principal Investigator: Vicki Grassian
A significant amount of atmospheric aerosol particles are aspherical, with complex shapes and morphological distributions of chemical components. This can greatly affect their climate relevant properties such as optical properties, ice nucleation (...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: John Cort
This project will survey physical and chemical characteristics of organic compounds of interest in chemical forensics applications.The goal is to develop chemical attribution signatures (CASs) for source attribution and sample matching. Chemical...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Vanessa Bailey
The goal of this project is to use advanced statistical tools developed by PNNL Signature Discovery Initiative to discover one or more signatures that indicate impaired resilience of the soil carbon (C) biogeochemical system following a system-wide...
Lead Institution: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator: Gregory Stephanopoulos
Sustainable supersonic jets and race cars have become a reality due to the microbial production of advanced biofuels and their drop in compatibility with the existing transportation infrastructure. However, economically viable production of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Charles Ansong
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic disease resulting from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. In addition to evolving ideas about the role of beta cells in genetic susceptibility to T1D, there is mounting...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Charles Ansong
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic disease resulting from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. In addition to evolving ideas about the role of beta cells in genetic susceptibility to T1D, there is mounting...
Lead Institution: Reed College
Principal Investigator: Juliane Fry
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) contributes a large fraction of global aerosol loading, affecting regional and global climate. In polluted forests at night, the oxidation...
Lead Institution: The Ohio State University
Principal Investigator: Virginia Rich
A fundamental challenge of modern environmental science is to understand how earth systems will respond to climate change. A parallel challenge in biology is to understand how information encoded in organismal genes manifests as biogeochemical...
Lead Institution: University of Missouri - Columbia
Principal Investigator: Gary Stacey
The USA is one of the world's largest producers of soybean (Glycine max), which is important as a source of animal feed, oil and, more recently, for biodiesel production. In recognition of this importance, the DOE-Joint Genome Institute...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Weijun Qian
The development of technologies for systems biology is considered a vital component of DOE energy and environmental missions for attaining a systems-level understanding of microbes and plants. While mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies...
Lead Institution: San Diego State University
Principal Investigator: Marina Kalyuzhnaya
We rarely think about prokaryotic metabolism as a highly structured system with function-dedicated compartments. It is becoming more apparent that a bag-like representation of microbial metabolism is far from complete. A deeper understanding of a...
Lead Institution: University of Minnesota
Principal Investigator: Jonathan Schilling
Certain filamentous fungi are uniquely able to deconstruct lignocellulose, and their poorly understood mechanisms have potential biofuels applications. A key hindrance to harnessing these fungal mechanisms has been their spatial complexity. Our past...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Brian Riley
Light elements such as Li and B are commonly used in waste forms development as part of the waste or as a component in the matrix material used to encapsulate the waste, e.g., glass, ceramics. Very few techniques are available for spatially...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Brian Riley
The primary goal of this user proposal is to gain access to the unique instruments at EMSL that we need to identify and spatially resolve light elements such as Li and B. Two such techniques for doing this are electron probe microanalysis with...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Brian Riley
The primary goal of this user proposal is to gain access to the unique instruments at EMSL that we need to identify and spatially resolve light elements such as Li and B in the presence of other surrogate radionuclides in a variety of waste forms....
Lead Institution: Purdue University
Principal Investigator: Stephen Lindemann
Nitrogen acquisition is a key determinant of plant productivity and the fate of nitrogen, both applied and endogenous, is largely controlled by microbial processes. Furthermore, microbially-induced loss of nitrogen contributes both to lacustrine and...
Lead Institution: Texas A&M University
Principal Investigator: Deborah Bell-Pedersen
The ribosome was believed to function like a well-tuned molecular machine due its highly conserved role in catalyzing protein synthesis from messenger RNA (mRNA). Our preliminary data challenge this paradigm, and instead supports the existence of a...
Lead Institution: Texas A&M University
Principal Investigator: Deborah Bell-Pedersen
A longstanding view in molecular biology is that all the ribosomes in a cell function identically. Our recent preliminary data, and those of others, challenge this dogma, and instead support the existence of a "ribosome code", whereby...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Tatiana Levitskaia
Nuclear energy is a clean, carbon neutral energy source that can mitigate the effects of climate change in the coming decades by replacing fossil fuel energy sources. Political and societal acceptance of nuclear power hinges on tractable solutions...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Garry Buchko
As witnessed by the recent outbreak of Ebola in Africa, developing new drugs to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases is of upmost importance. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has identified the need...
Lead Institution: University of Manchester
Principal Investigator: Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
The linear dioxo U(VI) moiety [UO2]2+ (uranyl) is ubiquitous in the chemistry of uranium; indeed, approximately half the known compounds of uranium contain this moiety. A fascinating subset of these compounds are uranyl peroxide nanoparticles, which...
Lead Institution: University of California, San Diego
Principal Investigator: Ying Meng
Advanced energy conversion systems that meet global demands present a formidable goal for a sustainable future. Renewables resources are underexploited, and warrant further research to exploit their full potential. Solar energy is one of the most...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: John Cort
As with any drug, approval of generic versions of macromolecular drugs requires rigorous evaluation of therapeutic equivalence to the reference drug in order to assure similar efficacy and safety. Compared with drugs that are small organic molecules...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: John Cort
As with any drug, approval of generic versions of macromolecular drugs requires rigorous evaluation of therapeutic equivalence to the reference drug in order to assure similar efficacy and safety. Compared with drugs that are small organic molecules...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Robert Dagle
Bio-oils must be upgraded if they are to be used as a replacement diesel and gasoline fuel. The overall goal of this project is to examine the feasibility of steam reforming the aqueous fraction of bio-oils. Fast pyrolysis bio-oils can be...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Robert Dagle
Bio-oils must be upgraded if they are to be used as a replacement diesel and gasoline fuel. The overall goal of this project is to examine the feasibility of steam reforming the aqueous fraction of bio-oils. Fast pyrolysis bio-oils can be...
Lead Institution: University of California, Los Angeles
Principal Investigator: Daniel Neuhauser
Post Hartree-Fock (HF), fifth rung density functional theory (DFT), and many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) calculations are of importance for the estimation of observables dependent on correlation energy in large systems. Examples include the...
Lead Institution: Indiana University - Bloomington
Principal Investigator: Craig Pikaard
DNA-dependent RNA polymerases decode genetic information stored in DNA by converting the information into RNA. This enzymatic activity, known as transcription, is a critical step in the process by which an organism's genotype gives rise to its...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Karl Mueller
Several species of bacteria are capable of reducing insoluble metal oxides as well as other extracellular electron acceptors. These bacteria play a critical role in the cycling of minerals in subsurface environments, sediments, and groundwater. In...
Lead Institution: Argonne National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Baris Key
Lithium ion batteries are the rechargeable battery system of choice in any high energy density application such as power tools, mobile electronics and electric vehicles. New cathode chemistries, such as Li-rich transition metal oxides (Ni, Mn, Co...
Lead Institution: Pennsylvania State University
Principal Investigator: Bryan Nixon
We propose to capitalize on preliminary work defining in vitro cellulose synthesis from membrane protein purified from the nonvascular plant Physcomitrella patens. This system grants access to functionally active cellulose synthase under conditions...
Lead Institution: Pennsylvania State University
Principal Investigator: Seong Kim
Plants use much of the carbon and solar energy captured during photosynthesis to produce cell walls, which are a valuable resource of renewable energy. Plant cell walls are processed for use as lumbers, textiles, papers, and additives in foods,...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Jeanne McHale
The proposed work will reveal the design principles that determine the light-harvesting and energy transfer efficiency of supramolecular antenna complexes. Such complexes in Nature are optimized to collect solar energy and funnel it to the reaction...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Hongfei Wang
Solid/aqueous solution interface are ubiquitous and important in energy and environmental research. We propose to investigate benchmark systems in the interface sciences to find novel applications of EMSL's unique surface spectroscopy and...
Lead Institution: Alfred University
Principal Investigator: Geoffrey Bowers
Our research program strives to provide new insight into the fundamental molecular-scale dynamics, energetics, and reactivity of geochemically relevant solid-fluid interfaces through combined spectroscopy and molecular modeling. This science theme...
Lead Institution: University of British Columbia
Principal Investigator: Allan Bertram
The Arctic region has been shown to be especially sensitive to climate change. Ice and mixed-phase clouds play an important role in climate in this region. Nevertheless, regional and global climate models are unable to adequately represent Arctic...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Seema Singh
The primary goal of the proposed work is to study and understand using both experimental and computational approaches, the depolymerization of lignin generated during the ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment-based lignocellulosic biofuel production...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Dong-Sang Kim
A large volume of low-activity waste (LAW) will be vitrified into borosilicate glass at the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant. The LAW is typically an aqueous solution containing predominantly nitrates and nitrites with other...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Dong-Sang Kim
A large volume of low-activity waste (LAW) will be vitrified into borosilicate glass at the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant. The LAW is typically an aqueous solution containing predominantly nitrates and nitrites with other...
Lead Institution: University of California, San Diego
Principal Investigator: Nathan Gianneschi
High-capacity gas storage and separation systems have potential applications in alternative energy generation (e.g. hydrogen fuel cells) and in environmental and human health protection (e.g. CO/CO2 sequestration or toxic gas detection and removal...
Lead Institution: Desert Research Institute
Principal Investigator: Rishi Parashar
Remediation of metal and radionuclide contaminants in soil and groundwater systems is challenging because of their strong chemical interactions with mineral surfaces and low concentration limits for human health requirements. By stimulating the...
Lead Institution: University of New Mexico
Principal Investigator: Abhaya Datye
Providing sustainable sources of energy, chemicals, and materials is one of the most important long-term issues facing society. Catalysis plays a central role in creating sustainable sources of energy through efficient transformations of...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Quanlin Zhou
At EMSL, a drainage experiment was conducted at 9 MPa and 40 degrees C by injecting supercritical CO2 (scCO2) into the sandstone-analogue pore network micromodel initially saturated by water free of dissolved CO2 (dsCO2). During the experiment, time...
Lead Institution: Virginia Polytechnic Institute
Principal Investigator: Ayman Karim
Catalytic low temperature oxidation is important for many applications including pollution abatement, indoor air quality control, as well as for breaking down chemical warfare agents. Despite extensive efforts, it remains a grand challenge to design...
Lead Institution: University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Principal Investigator: Steven Harris
Lichens are a significant but poorly understood component of terrestrial ecosystems. Whereas lichens appear to be a highly derived form of fungal-algal mutualism, we propose that more transient fungal interactions with algae represent an important...
Lead Institution: University of Oklahoma
Principal Investigator: Laura Bartley
The objective of this proposal is to identify the proteins, phosphopeptides, transcripts, and metabolic signatures that mediate secondary cell wall (SCW) development in grasses. Grass cell walls are one of the most abundant potential sources of...
Systems Biology of the Rumen Microbiome: Towards a Multi-Scalar Understanding of Biomass Degradation
Lead Institution: University of California, Davis
Principal Investigator: Matthias Hess
We have shown recently that the composition of the microbial community in the cow rumen is substrate driven, changes its composition during biomass-degradation and that it possesses a large repertoire of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that...
Lead Institution: Xavier University of Louisiana
Principal Investigator: Robert Blake
This project will continue to develop a new means to study biological energy transduction in situ. By conducting the proposed spectroscopic studies under noninvasive physiological conditions, we will exploit new and powerful approaches to examine...
Lead Institution: Florida State University
Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Chanton
A fundamental challenge of modern biology is to understand how information encoded in the genes of organisms translates into physiological and biogeochemical processes manifested at ecosystem to global scales. A parallel challenge of earth sciences...
Lead Institution: University of Arizona
Principal Investigator: Virginia Rich
A fundamental challenge of modern environmental science is to understand how earth systems will respond to climate change. A parallel challenge in biology is to understand how information encoded in organismal genes manifests as biogeochemical...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Ronald Thomas
The activities to be performed under this technical assistance will be to perform focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy imaging of approximately 10 samples of a proprietary coating.
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Wooyong Um
The objective of this work is to provide additional fundamental understanding of the Tc removal by the mineral transformation process of ferrous hydroxide, Fe(OH)2(s) in solution. The data generated by the laboratory tests described in this effort...
Lead Institution: Princeton University
Principal Investigator: Tullis Onstott
The Arctic tundra is overwhelmingly an atmospheric methane sink and the microorganisms responsible is an USC-alpha type aerobic methanotroph. Its activity may be enhanced by proximity to surface moss. Although globally distributed the USC-alpha has...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jonathan Burnett
This project investigates the authentication of wine samples using isotopic analysis. As part of a Masters dissertation with Washington State University, isotopes will be extracted and purified from samples and analyzed using ultra low-level gamma-...
Lead Institution: University of California, Irvine
Principal Investigator: Sergey Nizkorodov
Understanding the effect of biogenic-anthropogenic interactions on the chemical composition and physical properties of organic aerosols (OA) is important for accurate modeling of the effect of OA on climate. We will examine the effect biogenic-...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Ernesto Nakayasu
The capacity of the human fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) to cause severe invasive disease is attributed to the fungus ability to subvert host responses, especially in the setting of immune compromise due to advanced HIV infection. For...
Lead Institution: University of California, Riverside
Principal Investigator: Timothy Lyons
The oxidation of pyrite is a common source of toxic trace elements and acid generation in many contaminated systems. A key component in understanding the potential threat to ecosystems and possible remediation measures is the rate at which pyrite is...
Lead Institution: University of Michigan
Principal Investigator: Rose Cory
The carbon (C) in thawing permafrost soils may have global impacts on climate change, yet the controls on processing and fate of this newly released C are poorly understood. Inland waters are important conduits of C from land to the atmosphere and...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Joshua Adkins
The interactions between a host and a pathogen are complex, representing a molecular interplay that results in either health or disease as an outcome. Understanding the nuances of these interactions on a molecular level is critical to preventing...
Lead Institution: Institute of Microbiology ASCR
Principal Investigator: Petr Baldrian
Coniferous forests are widely distributed in temperate and boreal biomes and the fact that they efficiently store large stocks of carbon makes them globally important. Decomposer and mycorrhizal fungi are key players in the carbon and nitrogen...
Lead Institution: Institute of Microbiology of the CAS
Principal Investigator: Petr Baldrian
Coniferous forests are widely distributed in temperate and boreal biomes and the fact that they efficiently store large stocks of carbon makes them globally important. Decomposer and mycorrhizal fungi are key players in the carbon and nitrogen...
Lead Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Principal Investigator: Hrvoje Petek
We propose to study the electronic structure and electron dynamics at molecule/solid-surface interfaces in the context of clean energy generation, and green house gas capture. The theoretical calculations performed on the Cascade cluster will be...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Norman Lewis
Lignins (Nature's second most abundant terrestrial plant substances) provide structural support for plants to stand upright, to conduct water/nutrients, and as barriers to opportunistic pathogens. Lignin properties were pivotal in evolutionary...
Lead Institution: Northwestern University
Principal Investigator: Franz Geiger
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles particles rank among the least understood atmospheric constituents in the climate system. Key questions concern their poorly quantified roles in cloud activation and radiative forcing. Our prior work shows...
Lead Institution: University of Missouri - Columbia
Principal Investigator: Gary Stacey
The ultimate, long-term goal is to determine what drives source-sink relationships that control the cycling of plant nutrients belowground. To fully appreciate the complexities of this dynamic process, one must consider the ecosystem in the context...
Lead Institution: University of California, Los Angeles
Principal Investigator: Sabeeha Merchant
Nearly all organisms exhibit diurnal metabolic cycles. In photosynthetic organisms, light is a key input into metabolic cycles. Transcriptomics experiments in cyanobacteria, algae and plants have indicated that good fractions of the genome are...
Lead Institution: Stanford University
Principal Investigator: Scott Fendorf
The overarching goal of this project is to quantitatively place the importance of metabolic constraints in anaerobic microsites on the rate of soil organic matter (OM) oxidation, and thus advance our ability to project carbon (C) storage in soils...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Andrew Felmy
We propose a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation of the molecular mechanisms governing the role of interfacial water in the reactivity of mineral phases in supercritical carbon dioxide. In order to achieve these objectives were...
Lead Institution: University of Florida
Principal Investigator: Thomas Bianchi
"Blue carbon," or organic carbon (OC) derived from and stored in coastal and marine environments, is recognized as an important OC sink within the global carbon cycle, particularly in mangrove, salt marsh, and seagrass settings. However,...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Jian-zhi Hu
We propose to use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in combination with computational modeling to study the conversion of soluble tetrahedral aluminum species to octahedral coordination in...
Lead Institution: University of California, San Diego
Principal Investigator: Rob Knight
Onwards from 1900 there has been a dramatic increase in urban land use and ~66% of the worlds population will live in urban areas by the year 2050. While urban systems generate the bulk of carbon emissions, urban green areas (e.g., lawns, parks,...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thak Sang Byun
Cast austenitic stainless steels (CASSs) have been extensively used for the large components of light water reactor (LWR) power plants such as primary coolant piping and pump casing. Since a large number of massive CASS components are installed in...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thak Sang Byun
Cast austenitic stainless steels (CASSs) have been extensively used for the large components of light water reactor (LWR) power plants such as primary coolant piping and pump casing. Since a large number of massive CASS components are installed in...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Aashish Rohatgi
The goal of this proposal is to develop nanostructured alloys that can be fabricated in bulk form (>1 cm3) without compromising their nanostructure, either during the fabrication process or during service at elevated temperatures. Thus, the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Aashish Rohatgi
The goal of this proposal is to develop nanostructured alloys that can be fabricated in bulk form (>1 cm3) without compromising their nanostructure, either during the fabrication process or during service at elevated temperatures. Thus, the...
Lead Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Principal Investigator: Hrvoje Petek
Band gap excitation of TiO2 instigates photocatalytic reactions. In the presence of molecular adsorbates the generated holes and electrons act as the reactants in the oxidation and reduction processes for solar fuel generation. In order to...
Lead Institution: Indiana University - Bloomington
Principal Investigator: Jonathan Raff
Aerosols derived from wind-blown soil represent a significant component of the global aerosol budget that has a large, but uncertain effect on Earths climate. These particles are comprised of minerals and organic matter whose reactivity toward...
Lead Institution: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Principal Investigator: Jennifer Hurley
Biofuel production using cellulases extracted from fungi has the potential to be a major resource to replace fossil fuels and regulating the synthesis of these and other enzymes is crucial for the economics of biofuel production from lignocellulose...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Eugene Ilton
Bacterially facilitated and abiotic heterogeneous reduction of UVI to UIV has been intensively studied due to the vastly different solubility of hexavalent and tetravalent uranium, with ramifications for the fate and transport, and remediation of U...
Lead Institution: University of California, Riverside
Principal Investigator: Kelley Barsanti
Biomass burning emits teragrams (1012 g) of gaseous organic compounds to the atmosphere. In-plume chemistry leads to the formation of secondary pollutants and short-lived climate forcers, including ozone and particulate matter (PM). Accurate...
Lead Institution: Portland State University
Principal Investigator: Kelley Barsanti
Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has long been linked to deleterious health effects and to radiative climate forcing. A significant mass fraction of PM2.5 is composed of organic compounds that are either emitted in particles (primary) or...
Lead Institution: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Gregg Beckham
Lignin is an alkyl-aromatic polymer comprising 15-30% of plant cell walls. It is underutilized in selective conversion processes to produce renewable fuels and chemicals from plant biomass, and is instead used for heat and power due to its inherent...
Lead Institution: University of California, Berkeley
Principal Investigator: Mary Firestone
Soils store more carbon (C) than the atmosphere and biosphere combined, yet the fundamental mechanisms that regulate this vast pool of C remain elusive. Plant roots are the dominant source of C in soil, but it is the soil microbial community that...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Scott Chambers
We propose an aggressive program of epitaxial film synthesis, detailed and definitive materials characterization, optical and electronic properties measurements, and carefully coordinated ab initio simulations aimed at developing new concepts and...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Metz
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing ?-cells of pancreatic islets. It is believed that T1D results from complex interactions between multiple genes, environmental factors and the immune...
Lead Institution: University of Arizona
Principal Investigator: Peter Troch
Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important component of the carbon cycle. For oligotrophic systems, this fraction of carbon pool becomes even more crucial for understanding soil organic carbon dynamics. Here, we request EMSL's rapid access...
Lead Institution: University of Tennessee
Principal Investigator: Sarah Lebeis
Duckweed is a family of aquatic plants that are the fastest flowering plants in the world. They are capable of quickly converting wastewater into an easily harvestable, low lignin content biomass. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of...
Lead Institution: Pennsylvania State University
Principal Investigator: Daniel Cosgrove
Advanced solid state (ss) NMR methods will be used to elucidate the architecture and arrangement of grass plant cell walls. Our understanding of physical interactions in intact cell walls between cellulose and hemicellulose components, is very...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Xiaolin Li
The overall goal of this proposal is to investigate the structure evolution and solid-liquid interface of advanced battery materials by integrated ex-situ or in-situ characterization and theoretical simulation to understand the mechanism for stable...
Lead Institution: University of California, Berkeley
Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Skerker
The objective of this proposal is to understand how biomass-derived carbon is converted into lipids and terpenoids in the oleaginous and carotenogenic yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. We will carry out a detailed systems biology-level study of wild...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Mariefel Olarte
Biomass is the most readily available renewable source of liquid transportation fuel. According to DOE, fast pyrolysis followed by catalytic upgrading is projected to be the most cost effective among the different thermochemical routes in the mid-...
Lead Institution: University of California, San Diego
Principal Investigator: Ying Meng
Lithium ion batteries are the top candidates for on-board energy storage in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as well as fully electric vehicles due to their high energy and power density. One group of materials that have been the workhorse is nickel...
Lead Institution: Sandia National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Michael Kent
Producing fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass is a promising technology to meet the nation's goal of a secure and sustainable energy future. Valorization of lignin is a key component of this effort, as it is typically 15-28% of...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: David Wunschel
Siderophores are generally low molecular weight iron chelating compounds that are essential for plant and microbial iron acquisition. These compounds are released into the environment to mobilize iron for cellular uptake. These compounds have also...
Lead Institution: Sandia National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Blake Simmons
The primary goal of the proposed work is to understand the dissolution and depolymerization mechanism of lignin in ionic liquids (ILs) using both experimental and computational approaches. Lignin is a complex biopolymer, holding together cellulose...
Lead Institution: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Baohua Gu
This user proposal aims to identify the specific components of Arctic soil organic matter (SOM) that are consumed during warming experiments in the laboratory and during the thaw season at the Barrow Environmental Observatory (Barrow, AK)....
Lead Institution: University of Oregon
Principal Investigator: Robert Schofield
The jaws, leg claws, stings and other tools of a large fraction of arthropods, some worms and members of other phyla, contain extraordinary amounts of heavy metals or bromine (e.g. Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Br), which we term heavy-element biomaterials...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Arun Devaraj
PNNL as a part of the Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI) Convert program is working on converting the high enriched uranium (HEU) fuel currently used in civilian research and test reactors to low enriched uranium fuels (LEU) to permanently...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Kenneth Rappe
The objective of this project is to develop a strategy for the integration of catalytic NOX emission control and particulate matter emission control into a single device for the successful application to heavy-duty on-road diesel engine exhaust...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Charles Peden
This proposed EMSL use will enable research that has been recently funded at PNNL by the Department of Energy (DOE), and at the remainder of the partner institutions by a joint DOE/National Science Foundation (NSF) program. For this recently funded...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Jean-Sabin McEwen
This proposed EMSL use will enable research that has been recently funded at PNNL by the Department of Energy (DOE), and at the remainder of the partner institutions by a joint DOE/National Science Foundation (NSF) program. For this recently funded...
Lead Institution: University of California, San Diego
Principal Investigator: Ying Meng
Lithium ion batteries are the top candidates for portable electronics and important for on-board energy storage in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as well as fully electric vehicles due to their high energy and power density. One group of materials...
Lead Institution: University of Manchester
Principal Investigator: Carolyn Pearce
Radiation induced degradation of chlorinated polymers, such as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), used historically in packaging of plutonium oxide (PuO2), has led to chloride-contaminated PuO2, which constitutes a significant proportion of the DOE Pu...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Nikolla Qafoku
Immobilization in cementitious materials is a commonly employed method of remediation of low- and intermediate-level radioactive and hazardous species around the world. Indeed, the baseline method of solidification of aqueous secondary liquid...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Nikolla Qafoku
Immobilization in cementitious materials is a commonly employed method of remediation of low- and intermediate-level radioactive and hazardous species around the world. Indeed, the baseline method of solidification of aqueous secondary liquid...
Lead Institution: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Debasish Mohanty
This project proposes the utilization of high resolution characterization techniques, namely Atom Probe Tomography (APT) and aberration corrected Transmission electron microscopy on high-voltage cathodes to obtain the insights into the cation...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Norbert Kruse
The submitted proposal will enable highly focused scientific research using unique facilities and expertise at EMSL. This research is largely complementary to ongoing work on oxygenates formation via CO hydrogenation at WSU, which is based on a...
Lead Institution: Virginia Commonwealth University
Principal Investigator: Jose Reveles Ramirez
The properties of clusters vary substantially with the addition or removal of single atoms. This size-dependent behavior enables tuning of the activity and selectivity of cluster-based catalysts with atomic-level precision. To facilitate the...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Priyanka Bhattacharya
This project will develop a fundamental understanding of branched polymers as advanced energy storage materials expanding their applications to sustainable high-energy density storage and conversion systems such as next generation Li-air, Li-sulfur...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Tatiana Levitskaia
One of the DOE-EM current challenges is to meet regulatory requirements for near term disposal of technetium-99 (Tc), one of the most important performance assessment risk contributors during long-term waste storage. The long half-life, complex...
Lead Institution: Georgia Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator: Carsten Sievers
Despite the important role of supported metal catalysts in industrial processes there are significant gaps in our understanding of the atomic level transformations during their synthesis, in particular calcination. However, insight at this level is...
Lead Institution: University of Colorado at Boulder
Principal Investigator: Rainer Volkamer
Atmospheric aerosols cool climate by scattering incoming solar radiation, and by modifying cloud cover and thus Earth albedo. Organic aerosol (OA) forms a major fraction of aerosol mass in the atmosphere. Most OA forms from the oxidation of gases in...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Michael Henderson
There is a need for new fundamental insights into photocatalytic water splitting particularly how to design catalyst systems that extend the catalytic and photocatalytic functionalities of simple materials (like TiO2) through the use of co-catalysts...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Thomas Metz
A state of the art metabolomics core will be a vital part of the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN). However, in order for the UDN to realize its the full potential it is essential that the metabolomics core doesnt simply function as a high tech...
Lead Institution: Clemson University
Principal Investigator: Brian Powell
The objective of this work is to utilize the micromodels from EMSLs Subsurface Flow and Transport Laboratory to evaluate the rate and extent of reductive precipitation and subsequent oxidative dissolution of UO2(s,uraninite) in systems...
Lead Institution: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Yongqin Jiao
The research goal of this proposal is to understand and evaluate the potential of using the aerobic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus for the application of uranium bioremediation. Previous work by our group and others has shown that C. crescentus...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: George Hager
The proposed work is in support of a funded NA-24 Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) Technology Development project. The safeguards community desires that the mass spectrometric capability of elemental detection and isotope ratio analysis...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: George Hager
The proposed work is in support of a funded NA-24 Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) Technology Development project. The safeguards community desires that the mass spectrometric capability of elemental detection and isotope ratio analysis...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Dallas Reilly
PNNL boasts state-of-the-art research capabilities, which are often underutilized on highly radioactive samples due to non-dispersion requirements and limits on sample quantity that can enter workspaces. This gap highlights the need for PNNL to...
Lead Institution: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Principal Investigator: Elizabeth Ainsworth
Ozone is a phytotoxic air pollutant as well as a greenhouse gas, and its concentration has more than doubled in the troposphere since the Industrial Revolution. Ozone is currently considered the most damaging air pollutant to plants. The primary...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Timothy Linley
Natural origin kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) make an important contribution to sport fisheries in Lake Roosevelt. The population is genetically distinct from nearby wild and hatchery populations in Canada and the U.S., and represents as much as 70%...
Lead Institution: Washington University in St. Louis
Principal Investigator: Himadri Pakrasi
We have shown in our previous EMSL collaborations our ability to develop systems-level models of cyanobacterial processes. In the present proposal, our objective is to characterize and improve the molecular machines in photosynthesis...
Lead Institution: Oregon State University
Principal Investigator: Markus Kleber
Objectives: This research intends to contribute to a better mechanistic understanding of protein-mineral attachment by answering questions such as: How do variations in the amino acid sequence of proteins affect the ability of a protein to a) attach...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Joseph Ryan
EMSL resources are requested to enable an international team of collaborators to solve fundamental problems in interfacial glass corrosion chemistry. With the recent dismissal of Yucca Mountain as a national nuclear waste repository and increasing...
Lead Institution: University of Michigan
Principal Investigator: Allison Steiner
The release of pollen from vegetation represents a major seasonal, pulsed source of organic matter to the atmosphere of great biological and societal importance. While pollen grains themselves are relatively large (20-100 microns) and do not...
Lead Institution: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre
Principal Investigator: Ronald de Vries
Aspergillus niger is an ascomycete fungus with a long history of industrial use for the production of organic acids and enzymes. Its ability to degrade plant biomass has been well studied and it possesses a broad spectrum of plant biomass degrading...
Lead Institution: Clemson University
Principal Investigator: Nishanth Tharayil Santhakumar
Plant roots contribute to a majority of carbon stored in soils. However, we still lack the parameters that can accurately forecast root decomposability, which hinders our ability to predict future carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems. Ratios of...
Lead Institution: Umea University
Principal Investigator: Jean-Francois Boily
This objective of this work is to predict condensation of atmospheric water vapor in the vadose zone of organic-bearing soils. It will primarily develop knowledge on the formation of condensed forms of water that are crucial for biogeochemical...
Lead Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Charles Peden
Catalytic materials for the full and complex range of chemical transformations being considered for upgrading biomass-derived molecules to fuels and chemicals include metals dispersed on oxide- and carbon-support materials, and oxide materials...
Lead Institution: Washington State University
Principal Investigator: Yong Wang
Detailed, accurate and unambiguous structure/function relationships in metal-oxide catalyzed reactions are essential in the design of efficient catalysts for the conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks to value-added functional chemicals and useful...
Lead Institution: Oregon State University
Principal Investigator: Markus Kleber
We suggest that X-ray tomography can be successfully employed to generate numerical values of a) total pore space, b) pore geometry, c) pore size distribution and d) pore connectivity at relevant pore scales. We propose that such a parameter set...