Earth Sciences
![Losing](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20161110114950im_/http://science.dodlive.mil/files/2016/11/Losing-1-183x108.jpg)
As diminishing sea ice in the Arctic Ocean expands navigable waters, scientists sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) have traveled to the region to study the changing environment—and provide new tools to help the U.S. Navy operate in a once-inaccessible area.
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![CROPS](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20161110114950im_/http://science.dodlive.mil/files/2016/11/CROPS-1-183x108.jpg)
New program aims for insect delivery of protective genes to modify mature plants within a single growing season.
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![An artist's concept of the Air Force Research Laboratory/Boeing X-51A during flight. The X-51 WaveRider is an unmanned research scramjet for hypersonic flight. The X-51 program was a cooperative effort by the Air Force, the Defense Advanced Research Agency, NASA, Boeing and Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. The program was managed by the Aerospace Systems Directorate in the Air Force Research Laboratory. X-51 technology will be used in the AFRL's high-speed strike weapon, a Mach 5-plus missile that's scheduled to enter service in the mid-2020s. (Photo Credit: Air Force Research Laboratory graphic)](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20161110114950im_/http://science.dodlive.mil/files/2016/10/size0-4-183x108.jpg)
World-class scientists and engineers at military laboratories have been creating cutting-edge technologies for warfighters for nearly 100 years.
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![Walter Reed Army Institute of Research scientists test Zika vaccine candidate at the WRAIR Pilot Bioproduction Facility for vaccines and biologics in Silver Spring, Maryland WRAIR photo.](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20161110114950im_/http://science.dodlive.mil/files/2016/06/160610-A-ZZ900-800-183x108.jpg)
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research scientists are conducting preclinical research on a Zika vaccine candidate and could start human testing before year’s end.
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![size1](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20161110114950im_/http://science.dodlive.mil/files/2016/04/size1-183x108.jpg)
The U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine’s goal is to create a 3-D fullanatomy avatar for any soldier regardless of gender, shape or size.
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![ICEX 2016](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20161110114950im_/http://science.dodlive.mil/files/2016/03/Cold-RTR-183x108.jpg)
Officials at the ONR report new scientific research during ICEX 2016, which will enhance our understanding of, and ability to safely operate in, Arctic maritime environments.
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![Lasers RTR](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20161110114950im_/http://science.dodlive.mil/files/2016/03/Lasers-RTR-183x108.jpg)
Future Force seeks to inform readers about basic and applied research and advanced technologies funded by the Department of the Navy.
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![Chief of Naval Research Rear Adm. Mat Winter, right, talks with Rear Adm. Veijo Taipalus, commander of the Finnish navy. Both attended the International Cooperative Engagement Program for Polar Research (ICE-PPR), a first-ever gathering of senior defense officials to coordinate science and technology research in high latitudes. (U.S. Navy photo by: Lt. Marten Coulter)](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20161110114950im_/http://science.dodlive.mil/files/2016/03/Ice-PPR1-183x108.jpg)
Defense officials and scientists from partner nations with Arctic and Antarctic interests met in Helsinki to advance collaboration on polar research.
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