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火山爆发

火山喷发出来的火红滚热的岩浆景观

以身作则，动员他人行动起来， 承诺进行准备，并告诉其他人这意味着什么！

承诺进行准备

火山是开口朝下通往地表之下熔岩库的山脉。 与大部分拔地而起的山脉不同，火山就是熔岩逃往地表的喷口。 当熔岩里气体压力过大时，就会喷发。 火山喷发可以是安静的也可以是爆炸性的。 可能会有熔岩流、夷为平地的景象、有毒气体以及有时会顺风到达几百英里开外的飞沙走石和灰烬。

因为其强大的热量，熔岩流会构成很大的火灾危害。 熔岩流会摧毁所到之处的任何东西，不过大部分都流动缓慢，人们足以逃离。

新鲜的火山灰源自粉碎的岩石，摩擦大、呈酸性、粗砂质、充满气泡并且散发着气味。 尽管不会立即对大部分成年人造成危险，但酸性气体和灰烬会造成婴儿、老年人和严重呼吸类疾病患者的肺部损伤。 火山灰也会损坏机械，包括发动机和电气设备。 混有水的火山灰积聚起来慢慢变重，会造成屋顶坍塌。 火山灰会影响到火山锥数百英里以外的人们。

在边路发生的火山爆炸，也叫"横向爆炸"，能在数英里高速击中大块的岩石。 这类爆炸带来的冲击、掩埋或热量都是致命的。 据说，横向爆炸会摧毁整个森林。

酸雨、火灾，在特殊条件下还会有海啸。

 

火山喷发会伴随有其它自然灾害、 包括 地震、 泥石流和山洪 、岩崩和山体滑坡、 酸雨、 火灾、 特殊条件下还会有海啸。

美国的活火山主要分布在夏威夷、阿拉斯加和太平洋西北部。 火山周围危险区域覆盖半径大约是 20 英里，不过离火山 100 英里或更远的地方也存在某种危险。

A smoldering volcanic crater.Before a Volcanic Eruption

The following are things you can do to protect yourself, your family and your property in the event of a volcanic eruption.

  • Build an Emergency Supply Kit, which includes items like non-perishable food, water, a battery-powered or hand-crank radio, extra flashlights and batteries. You may want to prepare a portable kit and keep it in your car in case you are told to evacuate. This kit should also include a pair of goggles and disposable breathing masks for each member of the family.
  • Make a Family Emergency Plan. Your family may not be together when disaster strikes, so it is important to know how you will contact one another, how you will get back together and what you will do in case of an emergency.

During a Volcanic Eruption

  • Follow the evacuation order issued by authorities and evacuate immediately from the volcano area to avoid flying debris, hot gases, lateral blast and lava flow.
  • Be aware of mudflows. The danger from a mudflow increases near stream channels and with prolonged heavy rains. Mudflows can move faster than you can walk or run. Look upstream before crossing a bridge and do not cross the bridge if a mudflow is approaching.
  • Avoid river valleys and low-lying areas.
  • Remember to help your neighbors who may require special assistance - infants, elderly people and people with access and functional needs.
Protection From Falling Ash
  • If you are unable to evacuate, and in order to protect yourself from falling ash, you should remain indoors with doors, windows and ventilation closed until the ash settles.
  • If you have a respiratory ailment, avoid contact with any amount of ash. Stay indoors until local health officials advise it is safe to go outside.
  • Listen to a battery-powered radio or television for the latest emergency information.
  • Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
  • Use goggles and wear eyeglasses instead of contact lenses.
  • Use a dust mask or hold a damp cloth over your face to help with breathing.
  • Stay away from areas downwind from the volcano to avoid volcanic ash.
  • Stay indoors until the ash has settled unless there is a danger of the roof collapsing.
  • Close doors, windows, and all ventilation in the house (chimney vents, furnaces, air conditioners, fans and other vents.
  • Clear heavy ash from flat or low-pitched roofs and rain gutters.
  • Avoid running car or truck engines. Driving can stir up volcanic ash that can clog engines, damage moving parts, and stall vehicles.
  • Avoid driving in heavy ash fall unless absolutely required. If you have to drive, keep speed down to 35 MPH or slower.

After a Volcanic Eruption

  • Go to a designated public shelter if you have been told to evacuate or you feel it is unsafe to remain in your home. Text SHELTER + your ZIP code to 43362 (4FEMA) to find the nearest shelter in your area (example: shelter 12345).
  • Local authorities may not immediately be able to provide information on what is happening and what you should do. However, you should listen to NOAA Weather Radio, watch TV, listen to the radio or check the Internet often for official news and instructions as they become available.

Publications

U.S. Geological Survey

  • Volcano Hazards Program. Website with volcano activity updates, feature stories, information about volcano hazards and resources. Available online at: http://volcanoes.usgs.gov

Related Websites

Find additional information on how to plan and prepare for a volcanic eruption and learn about available resources by visiting the following websites:

Listen to Local Officials

Learn about the emergency plans that have been established in your area by your state and local government. In any emergency, always listen to the instructions given by local emergency management officials.