山崩れ、土石流 (泥の地滑り)

泥すべりや土石流とも知られる地滑りは、米国全州およびテリトリーで発生し、地震、暴風雨、火災を含むさまざまな要因を持ちます。地すべりはしばしば前触れもなく、突然急速に起こりうるので、最善の準備としては、あなたの家の内外で地すべりが起こりそうな気配をしめす変化についてよく情報を得ておくことです。

適切な土地利用規則を守って土地すべりに備えましょう。すなわち、傾斜の急な土地や自然の侵食渓谷に沿った場所での建築を避けます。
自分の周りの土地についてよく知っておきましょう。地方当局に問い合わせ、あなたの地域で過去土石流が起こったかを調べましょう。土石流が過去に起こった傾斜は、将来も土石流が発生しがちです。
地形や水路の変化、基礎や歩道に新しくできた地割れなどを見つけましょう。
破壊抵抗力の強い柔軟なパイプ管など、ご家庭や仕事場の適切な防護策について、専門家のアドバイスを求めましょう。
ご家庭または仕事場近くの暴風雨の排水路のパターンを観察し、特に、氾濫した水流が泥にまみれた傾斜でさらに力を増して合流する場所を留意します。小さな地すべり、土石流、傾斜度が増す木々などの土地の動きの兆候が、ご家庭や仕事場の周りの丘陵で起こっていないかを観察します。

Before a Landslide

The following are things you can do to protect yourself, your family and your property from the effects of a landslide or debris flow:

To begin preparing, you should build an emergency kit and make a family communications plan.
Prepare for landslides by following proper land-use procedures - avoid building near steep slopes, close to mountain edges, near drainage ways or along natural erosion valleys.
Become familiar with the land around you. Learn whether debris flows have occurred in your area by contacting local officials. Slopes where debris flows have occurred in the past are likely to experience them in the future.
Get a ground assessment of your property.
Consult a professional for advice on appropriate preventative measures for your home or business, such as flexible pipe fittings, which can better resist breakage.
Protect your property by planting ground cover on slopes and building retaining walls.
In mudflow areas, build channels or deflection walls to direct the flow around buildings. Be aware, however, if you build walls to divert debris flow and the flow lands on a neighbor's property, you may be liable for damages.
If you are at risk from a landslide talk to your insurance agent. Debris flow may be covered by flood insurance policies from the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).

Changes occur in your landscape such as patterns of storm-water drainage on slopes (especially the places where runoff water converges) land movement, small slides, flows, or progressively leaning trees.
Doors or windows stick or jam for the first time.
New cracks appear in plaster, tile, brick, or foundations.
Outside walls, walks, or stairs begin pulling away from the building.
Slowly developing, widening cracks appear on the ground or on paved areas such as streets or driveways.
Underground utility lines break.
Bulging ground appears at the base of a slope.
Water breaks through the ground surface in new locations.
Fences, retaining walls, utility poles, or trees tilt or move.
A faint rumbling sound that increases in volume is noticeable as the landslide nears.
The ground slopes downward in one direction and may begin shifting in that direction under your feet.
Unusual sounds, such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together, might indicate moving debris.
Collapsed pavement, mud, fallen rocks, and other indications of possible debris flow can be seen when driving (embankments along roadsides are particularly susceptible to landslides).