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सुनामी

एक तटरेखा मार सूनामी लहरों का दृश्य.

सुनामीज्, जिनको भूगर्भीय समुद्री तरंगे भी कहा जाता है, प्रशाँत समुद्री इलाकों में अधिकाँशतः होती हैं, परंतु ये अमेरिकी समुद्री रेखा के किनारे कहीं पर भी आ सकती हैं। सुनामीज् भूकंप जैसे किसी भूगर्भीय विक्षोभ के कारण उठने वाली सशक्त तरंगें हैं। ये सैकड़ों मील प्रति घंटे की रफतार से चल सकती हैं और जमीन को 100 फीट से भी ऊँची लहरों से टक्कर मार सकती हैं।

  • उन शब्दों के बीच अंतर को समझना जो सुनामी की पहचान करते हैं: सलाह, नजर रखें और चेतावनी। इन शब्दों की विस्तृत व्याख्या के लिये www.fema.gov (अंग्रेजी में) को देखें।
  • शीघ्रता के साथ कार्रवाई करने की योजना बनायें।
  • यदि आप समुद्री पानी के आसपास हैं और आप किनारों पर पानी में कुछ अजीब से कमी होता देखते हैं तो आपको प्रकृति की चेतावनी का अंदाजा लगा लेना चाहिये कि सुनामी आने वाली है।
  • तुरंत अंदर चले जायें और तब तक बाढ़ग्रस्त या क्षतिग्रस्त क्षेत्रों में वापस न आयें जब तक कि अधिकारी न कह दें कि ऐसा करना सुरक्षित है।
  • मौसम संबंधी और अधिक जानकारी के लिये NOAA Watch (अंग्रेजी में) पर जायें।
  • www.foodsafety.gov/keep/emergency/ (अंग्रेजी में) पर जाकर पता लगायें कि आपातकाल के दौरान और उसके पश्चात् भोजन को सुरक्षित कैसे रखा जा सकता है।

Wreckage after a tsunamiBefore a Tsunami

The following are things you can do to protect yourself, your family and your property from the effects of a tsunami:

  • To begin preparing, you should build an emergency kit and make a family communications plan.
    • Talk to everyone in your household about what to do if a tsunami occurs. Create and practice an evacuation plan for your family. Familiarity may save your life. Be able to follow your escape route at night and during inclement weather. You should be able to reach your safe location on foot within 15 minutes. Practicing your plan makes the appropriate response more of a reaction, requiring less thinking during an actual emergency.
    • If the school evacuation plan requires you to pick your children up from school or from another location. Be aware telephone lines during a tsunami watch or warning may be overloaded and routes to and from schools may be jammed.
    • Knowing your community's warning systems and disaster plans, including evacuation routes.
  • Know the height of your street above sea level and the distance of your street from the coast or other high-risk waters. Evacuation orders may be based on these numbers.
  • If you are a tourist, familiarize yourself with local tsunami evacuation protocols. You may be able to safely evacuate to the third floor and higher in reinforced concrete hotel structures.
  • If an earthquake occurs and you are in a coastal area, turn on your radio to learn if there is a tsunami warning.
Know the Terms

Familiarize yourself with these terms to help identify a tsunami hazard:

Warning

A tsunami warning is issued when a tsunami with the potential to generate widespread inundation is imminent or expected. Warnings alert the public that dangerous coastal flooding accompanied by powerful cur­rents is possible and may continue for several hours after initial arrival. Warnings alert emergency management officials to take action for the entire tsunami hazard zone. Appropriate actions to be taken by local officials may include the evacuation of low-lying coastal areas, and the repositioning of ships to deep waters when there is time to safely do so. Warnings may be updated, adjusted geographically, downgraded, or canceled. To provide the earliest possible alert, initial warnings are normally based only on seismic information.

Advisory

A tsunami advisory is issued when a tsunami with the potential to generate strong currents or waves dangerous to those in or very near the water is imminent or expected. The threat may continue for sev­eral hours after initial arrival, but significant inundation is not expected for areas under an advisory. Appropriate actions to be taken by local officials may include closing beaches, evacuating harbors and marinas, and the repositioning of ships to deep waters when there is time to safely do so. Advisories are normally updated to continue the advisory, expand/contract affected areas, upgrade to a warning, or cancel the advisory.

Watch

A tsunami watch is issued to alert emergency management officials and the public of an event which may later impact the watch area. The watch area may be upgraded to a warning or advisory - or canceled - based on updated information and analysis. Therefore, emergency management officials and the public should prepare to take action. Watches are normally issued based on seismic information without confirmation that a destructive tsunami is underway.

Information Statement

A tsunami information statement is issued to inform emergency manage­ment officials and the public that an earthquake has occurred, or that a tsunami warning, watch or advisory has been issued for another section of the ocean. In most cases, information statements are issued to indicate there is no threat of a destructive tsunami and to prevent unnecessary evacuations as the earthquake may have been felt in coastal areas. An information statement may, in appropriate situations, caution about the possibility of destructive local tsunamis. Information statements may be re-issued with additional information, though normally these messages are not updated. However, a watch, advisory or warning may be issued for the area, if necessary, after analysis and/or updated information becomes available.