Table 1-66: Annual Highway Congestion Cost
Table 1-66: Annual Highway Congestion Cost
| Population group | Urban area | Annual congestion cost per capita (Current $) | Annual congestion cost (Current $ millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 Value | 1999 Value | 2000 Value | 2001 Value | 2002 Value | 2003 Value | 1998 Rank | 1999 Rank | 2000 Rank | 2001 Rank | 2002 Rank | 2003 Rank | 1998 Value | 1999 Value | 2000 Value | 2001 Value | 2002 Value | 2003 Value | 1998 Rank | 1999 Rank | 2000 Rank | 2001 Rank | 2002 Rank | 2003 Rank | ||
| Medium | Akron, OH | (R) 129 | (R) 131 | (R) 123 | (R) 117 | (R) 101 | 105 | (R) 58 | (R) 62 | (R) 62 | (R) 64 | (R) 71 | 70 | (R) 70 | (R) 72 | (R) 69 | (R) 67 | (R) 59 | 62 | 58 | 64 | (R) 67 | (R) 67 | (R) 68 | 68 |
| Medium | Albany-Schenectady, NY | (R) 72 | (R) 83 | (R) 90 | (R) 100 | (R) 106 | 122 | 73 | (R) 73 | 73 | (R) 71 | (R) 70 | 65 | (R) 37 | (R) 42 | (R) 47 | (R) 51 | (R) 56 | 64 | 71 | (R) 70 | 70 | 69 | 69 | 67 |
| Medium | Albuquerque, NM | (R) 369 | (R) 358 | (R) 290 | (R) 279 | (R) 243 | 269 | 14 | (R) 18 | 31 | (R) 33 | (R) 43 | 41 | (R) 209 | (R) 204 | (R) 165 | (R) 159 | (R) 138 | 156 | 37 | (R) 40 | 45 | (R) 48 | 50 | 50 |
| Medium | Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ | (R) 119 | (R) 115 | (R) 133 | (R) 143 | (R) 151 | 151 | (R) 61 | (R) 65 | (R) 60 | (R) 58 | (R) 57 | 59 | (R) 69 | (R) 68 | (R) 81 | (R) 86 | (R) 93 | 95 | (R) 60 | (R) 65 | (R) 64 | (R) 61 | (R) 61 | 63 |
| Small | Anchorage, AK | (R) 29 | (R) 28 | (R) 28 | (R) 40 | (R) 43 | 43 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 84 | (R) 7 | (R) 7 | 8 | (R) 11 | (R) 12 | 12 | 83 | 83 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 83 |
| Very large | Atlanta, GA | (R) 483 | (R) 440 | (R) 487 | (R) 506 | (R) 533 | 584 | (R) 2 | (R) 9 | 8 | (R) 8 | 6 | 5 | (R) 1,353 | (R) 1,257 | (R) 1,450 | (R) 1,508 | (R) 1,597 | 1,754 | 11 | (R) 11 | (R) 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Medium | Austin, TX | (R) 296 | (R) 364 | (R) 398 | (R) 428 | (R) 432 | 457 | 21 | (R) 17 | (R) 13 | 13 | (R) 15 | 16 | (R) 216 | (R) 271 | (R) 306 | (R) 345 | (R) 361 | 391 | (R) 35 | 33 | 30 | 29 | (R) 28 | 28 |
| Small | Bakersfield, CA | (R) 49 | (R) 47 | (R) 59 | (R) 62 | (R) 63 | 69 | (R) 79 | 82 | 80 | 81 | 80 | 80 | (R) 19 | (R) 18 | (R) 24 | (R) 25 | (R) 27 | 30 | (R) 76 | 77 | 77 | (R) 77 | (R) 77 | 77 |
| Large | Baltimore, MD | (R) 261 | (R) 274 | (R) 302 | (R) 347 | (R) 422 | 458 | 28 | 32 | 29 | (R) 21 | (R) 17 | 15 | (R) 562 | (R) 591 | (R) 657 | (R) 768 | (R) 967 | 1,057 | (R) 22 | 22 | 20 | 19 | (R) 17 | 17 |
| Small | Beaumont, TX | (R) 83 | (R) 91 | (R) 94 | (R) 97 | (R) 129 | 127 | 68 | (R) 68 | 71 | 72 | (R) 63 | 64 | 12 | (R) 13 | (R) 13 | (R) 14 | (R) 19 | 19 | (R) 79 | 81 | 80 | 81 | (R) 79 | 81 |
| Medium | Birmingham, AL | (R) 186 | (R) 197 | (R) 207 | (R) 218 | (R) 231 | 242 | 42 | 42 | (R) 42 | 43 | (R) 45 | 45 | (R) 122 | (R) 131 | (R) 138 | (R) 146 | (R) 156 | 165 | (R) 47 | 47 | 48 | 50 | 49 | 49 |
| Very large | Boston, MA-NH-RI | (R) 290 | (R) 289 | (R) 320 | (R) 341 | (R) 393 | 424 | (R) 23 | (R) 26 | (R) 25 | (R) 24 | (R) 19 | 19 | (R) 1,127 | (R) 1,121 | (R) 1,249 | (R) 1,345 | (R) 1,561 | 1,692 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Small | Boulder, CO | (R) 58 | (R) 63 | (R) 76 | (R) 78 | (R) 87 | 80 | (R) 76 | 77 | (R) 75 | (R) 76 | (R) 73 | 77 | (R) 6 | (R) 7 | 9 | (R) 9 | 9 | 9 | 84 | 83 | (R) 82 | 84 | 84 | 84 |
| Medium | Bridgeport-Stamford, CT-NY | (R) 198 | (R) 243 | (R) 253 | (R) 269 | (R) 294 | 291 | 37 | (R) 35 | (R) 34 | (R) 34 | (R) 32 | 37 | (R) 153 | (R) 191 | (R) 203 | (R) 220 | (R) 250 | 250 | 45 | 42 | 40 | (R) 39 | (R) 39 | 41 |
| Small | Brownsville, TX | (R) 33 | (R) 38 | (R) 46 | (R) 48 | (R) 43 | 40 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 84 | (R) 84 | 85 | 5 | 6 | (R) 7 | (R) 8 | (R) 7 | 7 | 85 | 85 | (R) 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 |
| Large | Buffalo, NY | (R) 42 | (R) 57 | (R) 71 | (R) 75 | (R) 80 | 104 | 81 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 75 | 71 | (R) 46 | (R) 63 | (R) 80 | (R) 83 | (R) 90 | 117 | 67 | (R) 67 | (R) 65 | (R) 63 | (R) 63 | 56 |
| Small | Cape Coral, FL | (R) 105 | (R) 109 | (R) 108 | (R) 112 | (R) 125 | 141 | 65 | (R) 67 | (R) 66 | (R) 67 | 64 | 61 | (R) 28 | (R) 30 | (R) 31 | (R) 34 | (R) 39 | 46 | 72 | 73 | 73 | (R) 72 | 72 | 71 |
| Small | Charleston-North Charleston, SC | (R) 160 | (R) 174 | (R) 188 | (R) 179 | (R) 193 | 228 | (R) 47 | (R) 46 | 45 | (R) 50 | (R) 49 | 47 | (R) 70 | (R) 77 | (R) 86 | (R) 82 | (R) 89 | 107 | (R) 58 | 62 | 62 | (R) 64 | (R) 64 | 59 |
| Medium | Charlotte, NC-SC | (R) 259 | (R) 284 | (R) 334 | (R) 336 | (R) 391 | 389 | 29 | (R) 29 | (R) 19 | (R) 25 | 20 | 22 | (R) 159 | (R) 177 | (R) 215 | (R) 224 | (R) 282 | 282 | (R) 44 | 45 | (R) 39 | 38 | (R) 37 | 39 |
| Very large | Chicago, IL-IN | (R) 388 | (R) 389 | (R) 393 | (R) 424 | (R) 479 | 526 | 13 | (R) 14 | (R) 14 | (R) 14 | (R) 11 | 8 | (R) 3,126 | (R) 3,145 | (R) 3,178 | (R) 3,437 | (R) 3,893 | 4,274 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Large | Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN | (R) 224 | (R) 224 | (R) 252 | (R) 253 | (R) 275 | 287 | (R) 34 | (R) 36 | (R) 35 | (R) 37 | (R) 34 | 38 | (R) 320 | (R) 330 | (R) 378 | (R) 389 | (R) 432 | 461 | (R) 26 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Large | Cleveland, OH | (R) 138 | (R) 144 | (R) 129 | (R) 115 | (R) 100 | 97 | 54 | (R) 59 | (R) 61 | 65 | (R) 72 | 73 | (R) 257 | (R) 268 | (R) 240 | (R) 214 | (R) 188 | 182 | 31 | (R) 35 | (R) 36 | 41 | (R) 45 | 47 |
| Small | Colorado Springs, CO | (R) 156 | (R) 188 | (R) 230 | (R) 257 | (R) 250 | 243 | (R) 49 | (R) 44 | (R) 38 | (R) 36 | (R) 42 | 44 | (R) 66 | (R) 83 | (R) 107 | (R) 121 | (R) 118 | 117 | 63 | (R) 59 | (R) 52 | (R) 53 | (R) 54 | 56 |
| Small | Columbia, SC | (R) 48 | (R) 56 | (R) 65 | (R) 64 | (R) 69 | 80 | 80 | (R) 79 | (R) 79 | (R) 80 | (R) 79 | 77 | (R) 19 | (R) 23 | (R) 27 | (R) 27 | (R) 29 | 34 | 76 | 76 | (R) 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 |
| Large | Columbus, OH | (R) 266 | (R) 285 | (R) 249 | (R) 247 | (R) 253 | 264 | (R) 27 | (R) 28 | (R) 36 | (R) 40 | (R) 41 | 42 | (R) 283 | (R) 311 | (R) 277 | (R) 281 | (R) 295 | 314 | (R) 29 | (R) 29 | 32 | 33 | 36 | 35 |
| Small | Corpus Christi, TX | (R) 35 | (R) 47 | (R) 40 | (R) 60 | (R) 54 | 65 | 83 | (R) 82 | 84 | 82 | 82 | 82 | (R) 11 | (R) 15 | (R) 13 | (R) 19 | (R) 17 | 21 | (R) 81 | 80 | (R) 80 | 79 | 81 | 79 |
| Very Large | Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | (R) 391 | (R) 500 | (R) 516 | (R) 550 | (R) 578 | 592 | 12 | (R) 5 | (R) 4 | (R) 4 | (R) 4 | 4 | (R) 1,508 | (R) 1,984 | (R) 2,064 | (R) 2,248 | (R) 2,429 | 2,545 | 7 | (R) 5 | 5 | (R) 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Medium | Dayton, OH | (R) 139 | (R) 151 | (R) 148 | (R) 125 | (R) 108 | 102 | (R) 53 | (R) 54 | (R) 56 | (R) 61 | (R) 69 | 72 | (R) 96 | (R) 107 | (R) 107 | (R) 91 | (R) 80 | 75 | 52 | (R) 54 | (R) 52 | (R) 59 | 65 | 65 |
| Large | Denver-Aurora, CO | (R) 467 | (R) 476 | (R) 535 | (R) 574 | (R) 515 | 530 | 5 | (R) 6 | 3 | 3 | (R) 7 | 7 | (R) 854 | (R) 886 | (R) 1,023 | (R) 1,163 | (R) 1,046 | 1,087 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 14 | (R) 16 | 16 |
| Very large | Detroit, MI | (R) 400 | (R) 396 | (R) 383 | (R) 429 | (R) 452 | 499 | 9 | (R) 11 | (R) 15 | (R) 12 | (R) 14 | 11 | (R) 1,607 | (R) 1,591 | (R) 1,542 | (R) 1,729 | (R) 1,826 | 2,019 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 9 | (R) 10 | 9 |
| Medium | El Paso, TX-NM | (R) 76 | (R) 116 | (R) 143 | (R) 176 | (R) 165 | 164 | 72 | 64 | 58 | 52 | (R) 52 | 55 | (R) 49 | (R) 75 | (R) 94 | (R) 116 | (R) 110 | 110 | 66 | 63 | 58 | 55 | (R) 57 | 58 |
| Small | Eugene, OR | (R) 53 | (R) 73 | (R) 101 | (R) 83 | (R) 80 | 85 | 77 | 75 | (R) 69 | 74 | (R) 75 | 76 | (R) 12 | (R) 16 | (R) 22 | (R) 19 | (R) 19 | 20 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 80 |
| Medium | Fresno, CA | (R) 126 | (R) 150 | (R) 161 | (R) 135 | (R) 132 | 120 | 59 | 55 | 52 | 60 | (R) 61 | 66 | (R) 69 | (R) 83 | (R) 91 | (R) 76 | (R) 77 | 72 | 60 | 59 | 59 | (R) 66 | (R) 66 | 66 |
| Medium | Grand Rapids, MI | (R) 166 | (R) 163 | (R) 157 | (R) 152 | (R) 159 | 169 | (R) 46 | (R) 52 | 54 | (R) 55 | (R) 55 | 53 | (R) 85 | (R) 86 | (R) 85 | (R) 85 | (R) 91 | 99 | 57 | 58 | 63 | 62 | (R) 62 | 61 |
| Medium | Hartford, CT | (R) 113 | (R) 117 | (R) 122 | (R) 146 | (R) 150 | 144 | 64 | 63 | 63 | (R) 56 | (R) 58 | 60 | (R) 96 | (R) 101 | (R) 105 | (R) 127 | (R) 132 | 126 | (R) 52 | 55 | (R) 54 | (R) 51 | 52 | 54 |
| Medium | Honolulu, HI | (R) 187 | (R) 198 | (R) 164 | (R) 177 | (R) 160 | 184 | 41 | (R) 41 | 50 | (R) 51 | (R) 54 | 50 | (R) 131 | (R) 137 | (R) 114 | (R) 124 | (R) 112 | 128 | 46 | 46 | (R) 51 | (R) 52 | (R) 56 | 53 |
| Very large | Houston, TX | (R) 424 | (R) 522 | (R) 490 | (R) 545 | (R) 605 | 609 | 8 | (R) 2 | 7 | (R) 5 | (R) 3 | 3 | (R) 1,408 | (R) 1,781 | (R) 1,714 | (R) 1,978 | (R) 2,250 | 2,283 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Large | Indianapolis, IN | (R) 281 | (R) 280 | (R) 317 | (R) 346 | (R) 327 | 350 | (R) 26 | (R) 30 | 26 | (R) 22 | (R) 30 | 27 | (R) 285 | (R) 286 | (R) 323 | (R) 356 | (R) 339 | 362 | (R) 28 | 32 | 29 | 28 | 31 | 32 |
| Medium | Jacksonville, FL | (R) 216 | (R) 222 | (R) 227 | (R) 245 | (R) 274 | 308 | 35 | 37 | (R) 40 | (R) 41 | (R) 36 | 32 | (R) 181 | (R) 189 | (R) 197 | (R) 218 | (R) 248 | 284 | 40 | 43 | 42 | (R) 40 | 40 | 38 |
| Large | Kansas City, MO-KS | (R) 137 | (R) 168 | (R) 140 | (R) 141 | (R) 135 | 156 | (R) 56 | (R) 49 | 59 | 59 | (R) 59 | 57 | (R) 188 | (R) 233 | (R) 198 | (R) 202 | (R) 199 | 235 | 39 | 37 | 41 | 44 | (R) 43 | 43 |
| Small | Laredo, TX | (R) 50 | (R) 54 | (R) 50 | (R) 65 | (R) 63 | 70 | 78 | (R) 81 | 82 | 79 | (R) 80 | 79 | 9 | 10 | (R) 9 | (R) 13 | (R) 12 | 14 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 |
| Large | Las Vegas, NV | (R) 236 | (R) 253 | (R) 262 | (R) 252 | (R) 260 | 279 | (R) 32 | 34 | (R) 33 | 39 | (R) 40 | 39 | (R) 266 | (R) 300 | (R) 329 | (R) 328 | (R) 346 | 379 | 30 | 30 | 28 | 30 | (R) 30 | 29 |
| Small | Little Rock, AR | (R) 68 | (R) 77 | (R) 76 | (R) 96 | (R) 78 | 93 | 74 | (R) 74 | 75 | 73 | 77 | 74 | (R) 22 | (R) 25 | (R) 25 | (R) 32 | (R) 27 | 32 | 75 | (R) 75 | 76 | 74 | 77 | 75 |
| Very large | Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA | (R) 839 | (R) 847 | (R) 839 | (R) 851 | (R) 864 | 855 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | (R) 10,328 | (R) 10,446 | (R) 10,358 | (R) 10,506 | (R) 10,710 | 10,686 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Medium | Louisville, KY-IN | (R) 288 | (R) 320 | (R) 322 | (R) 304 | (R) 346 | 377 | (R) 25 | 22 | (R) 23 | (R) 29 | (R) 25 | 24 | (R) 239 | (R) 269 | (R) 274 | (R) 262 | 302 | 336 | 34 | 34 | 33 | (R) 34 | 35 | 33 |
| Medium | Memphis, TN-MS-AR | (R) 196 | (R) 201 | (R) 228 | (R) 253 | (R) 275 | 295 | (R) 39 | (R) 40 | 39 | (R) 37 | (R) 34 | 35 | (R) 190 | (R) 196 | (R) 223 | (R) 247 | (R) 271 | 293 | 38 | 41 | (R) 37 | (R) 36 | (R) 38 | 37 |
| Very Large | Miami, FL | (R) 326 | (R) 367 | (R) 407 | (R) 440 | (R) 477 | 487 | (R) 16 | (R) 16 | (R) 12 | (R) 11 | (R) 12 | 14 | (R) 1,476 | (R) 1,698 | (R) 1,982 | (R) 2,183 | (R) 2,384 | 2,485 | 8 | 8 | 6 | (R) 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Large | Milwaukee, WI | (R) 193 | (R) 217 | (R) 215 | (R) 212 | (R) 211 | 214 | 40 | 38 | (R) 41 | 44 | (R) 47 | 48 | (R) 251 | (R) 289 | (R) 294 | (R) 297 | (R) 305 | 310 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 36 |
| Large | Minneapolis - St. Paul, MN | (R) 346 | (R) 394 | (R) 352 | (R) 389 | (R) 384 | 394 | (R) 15 | (R) 12 | (R) 17 | (R) 17 | (R) 21 | 21 | (R) 803 | (R) 935 | (R) 841 | (R) 944 | (R) 936 | 975 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 17 | (R) 18 | 18 |
| Medium | Nashville-Davidson, TN | (R) 230 | (R) 277 | (R) 309 | (R) 297 | (R) 338 | 331 | 33 | (R) 31 | (R) 28 | (R) 31 | (R) 29 | 29 | 170 | (R) 216 | (R) 252 | (R) 252 | (R) 305 | 317 | 43 | (R) 39 | (R) 34 | (R) 35 | (R) 33 | 34 |
| Medium | New Haven, CT | (R) 130 | (R) 172 | (R) 191 | (R) 207 | (R) 191 | 181 | 57 | 47 | (R) 44 | (R) 46 | (R) 50 | 51 | (R) 67 | (R) 90 | (R) 100 | (R) 112 | (R) 104 | 100 | 62 | 57 | 56 | (R) 56 | (R) 58 | 60 |
| Large | New Orleans, LA | (R) 159 | (R) 168 | (R) 158 | (R) 160 | (R) 153 | 167 | (R) 48 | (R) 49 | (R) 53 | (R) 53 | (R) 56 | 54 | (R) 174 | (R) 184 | (R) 172 | (R) 176 | (R) 168 | 183 | 41 | 44 | 44 | 46 | 47 | 46 |
| Very large | New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT | (R) 302 | (R) 340 | (R) 325 | (R) 353 | (R) 373 | 383 | 18 | (R) 19 | 22 | (R) 20 | (R) 22 | 23 | (R) 4,989 | (R) 5,654 | (R) 5,555 | (R) 6,071 | (R) 6,493 | 6,780 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Large | Oklahoma City, OK | (R) 92 | (R) 114 | (R) 92 | (R) 103 | (R) 122 | 112 | 66 | (R) 66 | 72 | (R) 70 | (R) 65 | 68 | (R) 95 | (R) 119 | (R) 99 | (R) 112 | (R) 133 | 122 | 54 | (R) 49 | 57 | 56 | 51 | 55 |
| Medium | Omaha, NE-IA | (R) 154 | (R) 168 | (R) 165 | (R) 188 | (R) 200 | 211 | (R) 50 | (R) 49 | (R) 49 | 49 | (R) 48 | 49 | (R) 91 | (R) 101 | (R) 102 | (R) 119 | (R) 127 | 135 | (R) 55 | (R) 55 | (R) 55 | 54 | 53 | 52 |
| Large | Orlando, FL | (R) 400 | (R) 392 | (R) 474 | (R) 497 | (R) 490 | 510 | (R) 9 | (R) 13 | 9 | (R) 9 | (R) 8 | 10 | (R) 448 | (R) 447 | (R) 562 | (R) 611 | (R) 615 | 643 | 23 | 24 | 23 | (R) 23 | 23 | 23 |
| Medium | Oxnard-Ventura, CA | (R) 168 | (R) 190 | (R) 242 | (R) 289 | (R) 288 | 307 | (R) 44 | 43 | 37 | (R) 32 | (R) 33 | 33 | (R) 90 | (R) 123 | (R) 133 | (R) 160 | (R) 161 | 177 | (R) 56 | 48 | 49 | (R) 47 | 48 | 48 |
| Small | Pensacola, FL-AL | (R) 138 | (R) 145 | (R) 178 | (R) 159 | (R) 164 | 162 | (R) 54 | (R) 57 | 47 | (R) 54 | 53 | 56 | (R) 41 | (R) 43 | (R) 53 | (R) 49 | (R) 51 | 50 | 68 | 69 | 68 | 70 | 70 | 70 |
| Very large | Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD | (R) 289 | (R) 316 | (R) 290 | (R) 336 | (R) 352 | 357 | 24 | (R) 23 | (R) 31 | (R) 25 | (R) 24 | 26 | (R) 1,408 | (R) 1,564 | (R) 1,460 | (R) 1,719 | (R) 1,830 | 1,885 | (R) 9 | 10 | (R) 10 | 10 | (R) 9 | 10 |
| Very large | Phoenix, AZ | (R) 302 | (R) 376 | (R) 378 | (R) 421 | (R) 414 | 431 | (R) 18 | (R) 15 | (R) 16 | (R) 15 | 18 | 17 | (R) 769 | (R) 1,015 | (R) 1,067 | (R) 1,220 | (R) 1,222 | 1,295 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 14 |
| Large | Pittsburgh, PA | (R) 120 | (R) 135 | (R) 108 | (R) 118 | (R) 119 | 135 | (R) 60 | 60 | 66 | 63 | (R) 66 | 62 | (R) 213 | (R) 239 | (R) 191 | (R) 207 | (R) 209 | 243 | (R) 36 | 36 | 43 | (R) 42 | (R) 42 | 42 |
| Large | Portland, OR-WA | (R) 294 | (R) 316 | (R) 322 | (R) 343 | (R) 344 | 341 | (R) 22 | 23 | 23 | (R) 23 | 27 | 28 | (R) 432 | (R) 477 | (R) 497 | (R) 545 | (R) 556 | 569 | 24 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 |
| Large | Providence, RI-MA | (R) 145 | (R) 181 | (R) 181 | (R) 203 | (R) 271 | 295 | (R) 52 | (R) 45 | 46 | 47 | (R) 37 | 35 | (R) 173 | (R) 218 | (R) 218 | (R) 245 | (R) 332 | 363 | 42 | 38 | 38 | (R) 37 | (R) 32 | 31 |
| Medium | Raleigh-Durham, NC | (R) 167 | (R) 163 | (R) 194 | (R) 261 | (R) 230 | 248 | (R) 45 | (R) 52 | 43 | (R) 35 | (R) 46 | 43 | (R) 114 | (R) 114 | (R) 141 | (R) 197 | (R) 180 | 194 | (R) 48 | (R) 52 | 46 | 45 | (R) 46 | 45 |
| Medium | Richmond, VA | (R) 148 | (R) 145 | (R) 114 | (R) 114 | (R) 131 | 153 | (R) 51 | 57 | (R) 64 | 66 | (R) 62 | 58 | (R) 109 | (R) 109 | (R) 90 | (R) 94 | (R) 114 | 140 | (R) 50 | (R) 53 | 60 | (R) 58 | 55 | 51 |
| Large | Riverside-San Bernardino, CA | (R) 428 | (R) 430 | (R) 444 | (R) 464 | (R) 487 | 517 | 7 | (R) 10 | 10 | (R) 10 | (R) 9 | 9 | (R) 599 | (R) 611 | (R) 653 | (R) 705 | (R) 784 | 864 | 19 | (R) 21 | 21 | (R) 21 | (R) 20 | 20 |
| Medium | Rochester, NY | (R) 38 | (R) 55 | (R) 53 | (R) 50 | (R) 50 | 65 | 82 | (R) 80 | 81 | 83 | 83 | 82 | (R) 24 | (R) 35 | (R) 34 | (R) 33 | (R) 33 | 43 | (R) 74 | 72 | 72 | (R) 73 | 73 | 73 |
| Large | Sacramento, CA | (R) 245 | (R) 269 | (R) 298 | (R) 333 | (R) 346 | 374 | (R) 30 | (R) 33 | (R) 30 | (R) 27 | (R) 25 | 25 | (R) 333 | (R) 374 | (R) 425 | (R) 489 | (R) 540 | 620 | (R) 25 | (R) 25 | (R) 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 |
| Small | Salem, OR | (R) 86 | (R) 85 | (R) 95 | 109 | (R) 135 | 135 | 67 | 72 | 70 | (R) 68 | (R) 59 | 62 | (R) 16 | (R) 17 | (R) 19 | 23 | (R) 29 | 29 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 78 | (R) 74 | 78 |
| Medium | Salt Lake City, UT | (R) 118 | (R) 133 | (R) 155 | (R) 221 | (R) 264 | 279 | 62 | 61 | (R) 55 | 42 | (R) 39 | 39 | (R) 105 | (R) 119 | (R) 139 | (R) 204 | (R) 243 | 257 | 51 | 49 | 47 | (R) 43 | (R) 41 | 40 |
| Large | San Antonio, TX | (R) 197 | (R) 287 | (R) 329 | (R) 301 | (R) 314 | 301 | 38 | (R) 27 | (R) 21 | (R) 30 | (R) 31 | 34 | (R) 243 | (R) 356 | (R) 412 | (R) 380 | (R) 402 | 401 | 33 | (R) 26 | (R) 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| Large | San Diego, CA | (R) 241 | (R) 311 | (R) 330 | (R) 369 | (R) 460 | 492 | (R) 31 | (R) 25 | (R) 20 | (R) 18 | (R) 13 | 12 | (R) 641 | (R) 841 | (R) 905 | (R) 1,025 | (R) 1,298 | 1,411 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 13 |
| Very large | San Francisco-Oakland, CA | (R) 475 | (R) 516 | (R) 581 | (R) 617 | (R) 632 | 631 | (R) 4 | (R) 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | (R) 1,908 | (R) 2,079 | (R) 2,345 | (R) 2,496 | (R) 2,604 | 2,604 | 4 | (R) 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Large | San Jose, CA | (R) 393 | (R) 470 | (R) 508 | (R) 533 | (R) 484 | 492 | 11 | 7 | (R) 5 | (R) 6 | (R) 10 | 12 | (R) 648 | (R) 784 | (R) 850 | (R) 893 | (R) 811 | 823 | 17 | 18 | 17 | 18 | (R) 19 | 21 |
| Medium | Sarasota-Bradenton, FL | (R) 117 | (R) 148 | (R) 147 | (R) 146 | (R) 171 | 170 | 63 | 56 | 57 | (R) 56 | (R) 51 | 52 | (R) 60 | (R) 78 | (R) 78 | (R) 80 | (R) 96 | 97 | 65 | (R) 61 | (R) 66 | (R) 65 | 59 | 62 |
| Large | Seattle, WA | (R) 443 | (R) 454 | (R) 411 | (R) 415 | (R) 426 | 427 | 6 | (R) 8 | (R) 11 | (R) 16 | (R) 16 | 18 | (R) 1,163 | (R) 1,206 | (R) 1,103 | (R) 1,137 | (R) 1,198 | 1,238 | 12 | (R) 12 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Small | Spokane, WA | (R) 79 | (R) 88 | (R) 87 | (R) 79 | (R) 85 | 90 | (R) 71 | 70 | 74 | (R) 75 | (R) 74 | 75 | (R) 26 | (R) 29 | (R) 28 | (R) 26 | (R) 28 | 32 | 73 | (R) 74 | (R) 74 | 76 | (R) 76 | 75 |
| Medium | Springfield, MA-CT | (R) 64 | (R) 66 | (R) 71 | (R) 68 | (R) 77 | 67 | 75 | 76 | (R) 77 | 78 | (R) 78 | 81 | (R) 38 | (R) 40 | (R) 43 | (R) 43 | (R) 50 | 45 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 71 | (R) 71 | 72 |
| Large | St. Louis, MO-IL | (R) 297 | (R) 322 | (R) 350 | (R) 314 | (R) 340 | 326 | (R) 20 | (R) 21 | 18 | (R) 28 | (R) 28 | 30 | (R) 593 | (R) 645 | (R) 714 | (R) 646 | (R) 701 | 675 | (R) 20 | (R) 19 | 19 | (R) 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Large | Tampa-St Petersburg, FL | (R) 310 | (R) 333 | (R) 315 | (R) 367 | (R) 372 | 422 | (R) 17 | (R) 20 | (R) 27 | 19 | (R) 23 | 20 | (R) 577 | (R) 632 | (R) 615 | (R) 734 | (R) 753 | 865 | (R) 21 | (R) 20 | 22 | (R) 20 | 21 | 19 |
| Medium | Toledo, OH-MI | (R) 80 | (R) 89 | (R) 104 | (R) 120 | (R) 117 | 110 | (R) 69 | (R) 69 | (R) 68 | (R) 62 | (R) 67 | 69 | (R) 40 | (R) 44 | (R) 53 | (R) 61 | (R) 60 | 58 | 69 | 68 | (R) 68 | 68 | (R) 67 | 69 |
| Medium | Tucson, AZ | (R) 170 | (R) 172 | (R) 169 | (R) 210 | (R) 270 | 324 | (R) 43 | (R) 47 | (R) 48 | 45 | (R) 38 | 31 | (R) 112 | (R) 115 | (R) 115 | (R) 148 | 191 | 234 | (R) 49 | (R) 51 | 50 | 49 | (R) 44 | 44 |
| Medium | Tulsa, OK | (R) 80 | (R) 87 | (R) 110 | (R) 108 | (R) 116 | 113 | 69 | (R) 71 | (R) 65 | (R) 69 | (R) 68 | 67 | (R) 61 | (R) 68 | (R) 88 | (R) 87 | (R) 94 | 91 | 64 | 65 | (R) 61 | (R) 60 | (R) 60 | 64 |
| Large | Virginia Beach, VA | (R) 203 | (R) 213 | (R) 162 | (R) 200 | (R) 236 | 239 | 36 | 39 | (R) 51 | 48 | (R) 44 | 46 | (R) 295 | (R) 313 | (R) 243 | (R) 304 | (R) 361 | 368 | 27 | (R) 28 | (R) 35 | 31 | 28 | 30 |
| Very large | Washington, DC-VA-MD | (R) 483 | (R) 510 | (R) 491 | (R) 520 | (R) 539 | 577 | 2 | (R) 4 | (R) 6 | (R) 7 | (R) 5 | 6 | (R) 1,834 | (R) 1,982 | (R) 1,914 | (R) 2,097 | (R) 2,256 | 2,465 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| NA | 85-Area Average | (R) 339 | (R) 363 | (R) 366 | (R) 388 | (R) 408 | 422 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | (R) 555 | (R) 604 | (R) 618 | (R) 665 | (R) 708 | 742 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| NA | Very Large Area Average | (R) 441 | (R) 469 | (R) 468 | (R) 498 | (R) 524 | 540 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | (R) 2,526 | (R) 2,717 | (R) 2,760 | (R) 2,964 | (R) 3,158 | 3,290 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| NA | Large Area Average | (R) 265 | (R) 291 | (R) 295 | (R) 312 | (R) 324 | 339 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | (R) 413 | (R) 459 | (R) 473 | (R) 509 | (R) 539 | 572 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| NA | Medium Area Average | (R) 163 | (R) 180 | (R) 189 | (R) 202 | (R) 214 | 225 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | (R) 108 | (R) 122 | (R) 129 | (R) 141 | (R) 152 | 162 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| NA | Small Area Average | (R) 84 | (R) 93 | (R) 105 | (R) 110 | (R) 113 | 120 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | (R) 23 | (R) 26 | (R) 30 | (R) 32 | (R) 33 | 36 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
KEY: NA = not applicable; R = revised.
Very large urban areas - over 3 million population.
Large urban areas - over 1 million and less than 3 million population.
Medium urban areas - over 500,000 and less than 1 million population.
Small urban areas - less than 500,000 population.
NOTES
The urban areas included are those containing over 500,000 people and several smaller places mostly chosen by previous sponsors of the Texas Transportation Institute study on mobility.
The cost of congestion is estimated with a value for each hour of travel time and each gallon of fuel. For a more detailed explanation of the formulas used, see the source document.
SOURCE
Texas Transportation Institute, The 2005 Annual Urban Mobility Report (College Station, TX: 2005), Internet site http://mobility.tamu.edu as of June 8, 2005.