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Background
HSIP Funding Approach
HSIP Project Overview
Project Cost
Functional Class and Ownership
Improvement Categories and Subcategories
AASHTO SHSP Emphasis Areas
Summary
References
Appendix A: Full Description of HSIP Improvement Categories and Sub Categories for 2013 HSIP Reporting Guidance
Appendix B: Full Title of SHSP Emphasis Areas
Appendix C. Detailed Tables of Project Costs Summaries
Table 1: Total Number and Cost of Projects by Year
Table 2: Number and Cost of 2013 Projects by Improvement Category
Table 3: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Geometry
Table 4: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Traffic Control
Table 5: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Pedestrians and Bicyclists.
Table 6: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Roadway
Table 7: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Non-Infrastructure
Figure 1: MAP-21 Program Apportionments
Figure 2: Number of Projects by Project Cost
Figure 3. Number of Projects by Functional Class
Figure 4. Average Total Cost of Projects by Functional Class
Figure 5. Number of Projects by Road Ownership
Figure 6. Average Total Cost of Projects by Road Ownership
Figure 7. Number of Projects by Improvement Category
Figure 8. Average Total Cost of Projects by Improvement Category
Figure 9: Number of Intersection Geometry Projects by Subcategory
Figure 10: Number of Traffic Control Projects by Subcategory
Figure 11: Number of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Projects by Subcategory
Figure 12: Number of Roadway Projects by Subcategory
Figure 13: Number of Non-Infrastructure Projects by Subcategory
Figure 14: Number of Projects by AASHTO SHSP Emphasis Area
The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with an objective of achieving a significant reduction in traffic fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads through the implementation of highway safety improvement projects. The HSIP, similar to other Federal-aid programs, is a federally-funded, state administered program. The FHWA establishes the HSIP requirements via 23 CFR 924, and the States develop and administer a program to best meet their needs.
The HSIP requires a data-driven, strategic approach to improving highway safety on all public roads that focuses on performance. To obligate HSIP funds, each State shall:
States are also required to submit a report that describes the progress being made to implement highway safety improvement projects and the effectiveness of those improvements. The HSIP MAP-21 Reporting Guidance outlines the content and schedule for the annual HSIP report. The HSIP report should include, at a minimum, a discussion of each State's:
The HSIP 2013 National Summary Report compiles and summarizes aggregate information related to the States progress in implementing HSIP projects during the 2013 reporting cycle. Progress in implementing HSIP projects is described based on the amount of HSIP funds available and the number and general listing of projects obligated as documented in the 2013 HSIP reports. The HSIP 2013 National Summary Report is not intended to compare states; rather to illustrate how the states are collectively implementing the HSIP to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads across the nation.
A summary of available funding and the number and general listing of projects from prior years is available in the HSIP National Summary Baseline Report: 2009-2012. A summary of the 2013 data is provided below.
Prior to MAP-21, each apportioned program had its own formula for distribution, and the total amount of Federal assistance a State received was the sum of the amounts it received for each program. MAP-21 instead provides a total apportionment for each State and then divides that apportionment amount among individual apportioned programs.
MAP-21 authorizes a total combined amount ($37.5 billion in FY13 and $37.8 billion in FY14) in contract authority to fund five formula programs (including certain set-asides within the programs described below):
Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of funds across program under MAP-21.
Figure 1. MAP-21 Program Apportionments
HSIP receives 7% of the States apportionment remaining after allocations to CMAQ and Metropolitan Planning, which amounts to approximately $2.4 billion each year, nearly double the amount apportioned to HSIP under SAFETEA-LU. The following sums are set-aside from the State's HSIP apportionment:
In addition, if the High Risk Rural Roads Special rule applies to a State, then in the next fiscal year the State must obligate an amount at least equal to 200% of its FY 2009 HRRR set-aside for high risk rural roads.
The final HSIP apportionment represents the amount of funding available to States for the advancement of highway safety improvement projects.
States provide project specific information for all projects obligated with HSIP funds during the state-defined reporting period in their annual HSIP reports. The reporting period is defined by the State and can be calendar year, state fiscal year or federal fiscal year. For 2013, the States obligated $3.09B for 3,292 total projects. These obligations utilized funds apportioned during the 2013 fiscal year as well as HSIP funds available from previous years' apportionments.
As per the 2013 HSIP MAP-21 Reporting Guidance, project specific information includes:
The following sections present various summaries of the nationwide HSIP project obligations for the 2013 reporting cycle. It should be noted that limited analysis of the project information can be done because not all states have included all of the above information for each project in their annual HSIP reports. Full use of the HSIP online reporting tool and compliance with the most recent HSIP reporting guidance will enable more complete and accurate reporting of national HSIP project data. In addition, HSIP projects come in all shapes and sizes. For example, some HSIP projects may be much bigger in scope than others, countermeasure installations across multiple sites, or non-infrastructure projects (i.e. transportation safety planning, data improvements). Nonetheless, the summaries in the following sections provide a broad scale analysis of HSIP spending in 2013.
The cost per HSIP project in 2013 ranged widely. Some projects were small in scope and cost, such as replacing signs on a particular route. Others were higher cost projects, such as widening a highway or reconfiguring an intersection. Figure 2 shows the breakdown by project cost, grouped into general categories with breakpoints at $100,000, $500,000, and $1,000,000.
Figure 2. Number of Projects by Project Cost
Roughly two-thirds of the projects had costs less than $500K. A small percentage (13 percent) fell into the $500-$1M category. The remaining 20 percent were high cost projects totaling $1M or more.
Figure 3 through Figure 6 illustrate the distribution of projects by the types of roads on which they were conducted. Figure 3 shows number of projects by functional class, following the HPMS classification scheme; Figure 4 shows average total cost of projects by functional class; Figure 5 shows projects by the agency who owns the road; and Figure 6 shows average total cost of projects by the agency who owns the road. If the functional class or road ownership was not indicated, the project is counted under the "unknown" category.
Figure 3. Number of Projects by Functional Class
Most projects were categorized as "Unknown" indicating that the State did not associate a functional class for a particular project. Projects that were associated with a functional class were most often categorized as "Rural Major Collector" or "Urban Principal Arterial — Other". There were 370 projects categorized as "Other" and of those, roughly 220 were categorized as multiple classes or systemic. Roughly another 25 were categorized as "n/a" due to the fact that they were non-infrastructure projects.
Figure 4. Average Total Cost of Projects by Functional Class
Figure 4 shows the average total cost of projects by functional class. It is important to note that not every project had an associated cost so the average is based on the number of projects which had cost information available. Projects categorized as "Urban Principal Arterial – Interstate" had the highest average total cost per project of $4.21 million and projects categorized as "Rural Local Road or Street" had the lowest average total cost per project of $0.21 million.
Figure 5. Number of Projects by Road Ownership
Most projects were conducted on roads owned by a "State Highway Agency" or "Unknown" (indicating that the State did not indicate road ownership for a particular project). There were 116 projects categorized as "Other" and of those, roughly 80 were categorized in state-specific ownership categories.
Figure 6. Average Total Cost of Projects by Road Ownership
Figure 6 shows the average total cost of projects by road ownership. It is important to note that not every project had an associated cost so the average is based on the number of projects which had cost information available. Projects categorized as "State Highway Agency" had the highest average total cost per project of $1.15 million and projects categorized as "Other Local Agency" had the lowest average total cost per project of $0.24 million.
Under the 2013 HSIP reporting guidance, each project should be assigned a general improvement category and a subcategory under that general category. While a single project may consist of multiple project types, States are directed to assign each project to only one category. The category chosen should align with the primary purpose of the project. Figure 7 and Figure 8 show the distribution of the number and total cost of projects by general improvement category. Projects categorized as "Unknown" indicate that there was no general improvement category assigned by the State. Figure 9 through Figure 13 show the breakdown of the number of projects by subcategory for five improvement categories of note: Intersection geometry, Intersection traffic control, Pedestrians and bicyclists, Roadway, and Non-infrastructure. More detailed tables with the cost spent in each subcategory are available in Appendix C. For ease of reporting, similar sub categories were grouped together. For example, in Figure 9 below, "Auxiliary lanes – other" combines adding acceleration lanes, adding auxiliary through lanes, adding two way left turn lanes, and several other related subcategories.
Figure 7. Number of Projects by Improvement Category
Figure 7 shows the number of projects by improvement category as classified in the 2013 HSIP Reporting Guidance. Based on the project information reported by the States, the top five improvement categories are:
Figure 8. Average Total Cost of Projects by Improvement Category
Figure 8 shows the average total cost of projects by improvement category. Again, it is important to note that not every project had an associated cost so the average is based on the number of projects with cost available. Based on project information reported by the States, the lowest average HSIP cost projects are in the following categories:
Figure 9 : Number of Intersection Geometry Projects by Subcategory
For the Intersection geometry category, most projects were sub categorized as "Auxiliary lanes – add left-turn lane" (114 of 365 projects) and "Intersection geometrics – other" (141 of 365 projects). Examples of projects in the "Intersection geometrics – other" subcategory include roundabout installation and general intersection safety improvement projects.
Figure 10: Number of Traffic Control Projects by Subcategory
For the Intersection traffic control category, most projects were subcategorized as "Intersection traffic control – other" (88 of 412 projects) and "Modify traffic signal – modernization/replacement" (77 of 412 projects). Examples of projects in the "Intersection traffic control – other" sub category include controller updates, wrong way driving mitigation strategies, and projects described as general intersection safety improvement projects.
Figure 11: Number of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Projects by Subcategory
For the Pedestrians and bicyclists category, most projects were subcategorized as "Install sidewalk" (33 of 103 projects) and "Miscellaneous pedestrians and bicyclists" (29 of 103 projects). An example of a project in the "Miscellaneous pedestrian and bicyclist improvements" subcategory includes ADA facility improvements.
Figure 12: Number of Roadway Projects by Subcategory
For the Roadway category, most projects were subcategorized as "Roadway - other" (595 of 824 projects) and "Pavement surface - miscellaneous" (100 of 824 projects). An example of a project in the "Roadway – other" subcategory was guardrail aprons. The "Roadway-other" subcategory was predominately used without any project description, therefore, no other information is available for these projects.
Figure 13. Number of Non-Infrastructure Projects by Subcategory
For the Non-infrastructure category, most projects were subcategorized as "Non-infrastructure - other" (31 of 62 projects) and "Transportation safety planning" (10 of 62 projects). Projects in the "Non-infrastructure – other" subcategory are largely undescribed. A few examples include pedestrian upgrades and Safe Routes to School coordinator positions and website development. Examples of projects in the "Blank (no subcategory indicated)" subcategory include safety campaigns, training programs, and enforcement mobilization projects.
The AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan describes twenty-two emphasis areas. Figure 14 presents the number of HSIP projects categorized by AASHTO SHSP emphasis area. For consistency and national reporting purposes, each State's SHSP emphasis areas were assigned to the AASHTO SHSP emphasis areas, where possible. A complete description of each emphasis area is included in Appendix B. Please note that States often times categorize a single project by several SHSP Emphasis Areas. Therefore, for the purpose of Figure 14 , a single project may be counted more than once. For example, the State recently completed an intersection improvement project that enhanced safety for pedestrians. This project could be categorized as EA 9 Making Walking and Street Crossing Safer as well as EA 17 Improving the Design and Operation of Intersections and is therefore counted once in each category.
The top five SHSP Emphasis Areas guiding HSIP investments for 2013 were:
Figure 14. Number of Projects by AASHTO SHSP Emphasis Area
The HSIP is a strategic program that uses data and analysis to target safety resources. This HSIP 2013 National Summary Report shows that in 2013 (similar to the 2009-2012 HSIP National Summary Baseline Report), States directed HSIP funds to address the predominant infrastructure –related crash types – roadway departure, intersection and pedestrian crashes.
The HSIP National Summary Baseline Report 2009-2012 reported project and cost information for HSIP reports submitted by the States for years 2009-2012. The information from the baseline report is summarized below with the purpose of comparing basic cost and project information to the 2013 reports. Table 1 below shows that States obligated $9.59B for more than 12,000 projects over the five-year period. These obligations include not only HSIP funds apportioned during the reporting period (2009-2013), but also HSIP funds available from previous years' apportionments.
Table 1. Total Number and Cost of Projects by Year
Year | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Projects | 1684 | 2386 | 2523 | 2429 | 3292 | 12314 |
No. of Projects (with cost info.)* | 1609 | 2348 | 2449 | 2374 | 3254 | 12034 |
Cost of projects | $1.61B | $1.46B | $1.78B | $1.65B | $3.09B | $9.59B |
Avg. Cost Per Project | $1.00M | $620,684 | $725,550 | $695,721 | $950,834 | $797,206 |
*Not all states provided cost data for all projects.
As shown above, the number and funding of HSIP projects increased in 2013. The number of HSIP projects increased from approximately 2,300 projects per year to 3,292 projects in 2013. In addition, HSIP project obligations increased from approximately $1.6B per year to $3.09B in 2013. The increased investment in highway safety improvement projects demonstrates the States' commitment to improving the safety of our nation's roadways.
AASHTO, Strategic Highway Safety Plan, 2005.
http://safety.transportation.org/doc/Safety-StrategicHighwaySafetyPlan.pdf
FHWA, MAP-21 Apportionment Fact Sheet
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/factsheets/apportionment.cfm
FHWA, HSIP Apportionment Notices
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/notices/
FHWA, HSIP MAP-21 Fact Sheet
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/factsheets/hsip.cfm
FHWA, HSIP MAP-21 Reporting Guidance, February 13, 2013
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/guidance/guidehsipreport.cfm
FHWA, HSIP Online Reporting Tool
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/resources/onrpttool/
FHWA, HSIP National Summary Baseline Report 2009-2012
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/reports/nsbrpt_2009_2012.cfm
2013 State HSIP Reports
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/reports/
Category | Sub-category |
---|---|
Access management | Access management – other |
Change in access – close or restrict existing access | |
Change in access – miscellaneous/unspecified | |
Grassed median – extend existing | |
Median crossover – close crossover | |
Median crossover – directional crossover | |
Median crossover – relocate existing | |
Median crossover – unspecified | |
Raised island – install new | |
Raised island – modify existing | |
Raised island – remove existing | |
Raised island – unspecified | |
Advanced technology and ITS | Advanced technology and ITS – other |
Congestion detection / traffic monitoring system | |
Dynamic message signs | |
Over height vehicle detection | |
Alignment | Alignment – other |
Horizontal curve realignment | |
Horizontal and vertical alignment | |
Vertical alignment or elevation change | |
Animal-related | Animal related |
Interchange design | Acceleration / deceleration / merge lane |
Convert at-grade intersection to interchange | |
Extend existing lane on ramp | |
Improve intersection radius at ramp terminus | |
Installation of new lane on ramp | |
Interchange design – other | |
Ramp closure | |
Ramp metering | |
Intersection geometry | Auxiliary lanes – add acceleration lane |
Auxiliary lanes – add auxiliary through lane | |
Auxiliary lanes – add left-turn lane | |
Auxiliary lanes – add right-turn lane | |
Auxiliary lanes – add right-turn lane (free-flow) | |
Auxiliary lanes – add slip lane | |
Auxiliary lanes – add two-way left-turn lane | |
Auxiliary lanes – extend acceleration/deceleration lane | |
Auxiliary lanes – extend existing left-turn lane | |
Auxiliary lanes – extend existing right-turn lane | |
Auxiliary lanes – miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
Auxiliary lanes – modify acceleration lane | |
Auxiliary lanes – modify auxiliary through lane | |
Auxiliary lanes – modify free-flow turn lane | |
Auxiliary lanes – modify left-turn lane offset | |
Auxiliary lanes – modify right-turn lane offset | |
Auxiliary lanes – modify turn lane storage | |
Auxiliary lanes – modify turn lane taper | |
Auxiliary lanes – modify two-way left-turn lane | |
Intersection geometrics – miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
Intersection geometrics – modify intersection corner radius | |
Intersection geometrics – modify skew angle | |
Intersection geometrics – realignment to align offset cross streets | |
Intersection geometrics – realignment to increase cross street offset | |
Intersection geometrics – re-assign existing lane use | |
Intersection geometry – other | |
Splitter island – install on one or more approaches | |
Splitter island – remove from one or more approaches | |
Splitter island – unspecified | |
Through lanes – add additional through lane | |
Intersection traffic control | Intersection flashers – add "when flashing" warning sign-mounted |
Intersection flashers – add advance emergency vehicle warning sign-mounted | |
Intersection flashers – add advance heavy vehicle warning sign-mounted | |
Intersection flashers – add advance intersection warning sign-mounted | |
Intersection flashers – add miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
Intersection flashers – add overhead (actuated) | |
Intersection flashers – add overhead (continuous) | |
Intersection flashers – add stop sign-mounted | |
Intersection flashers – modify existing | |
Intersection flashers – remove existing | |
Intersection signing – add basic advance warning | |
Intersection signing – add enhanced advance warning (double-up and/or oversize) | |
Intersection signing – add enhanced regulatory sign (double-up and/or oversize) | |
Intersection signing – miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
Intersection signing – relocate existing regulatory sign | |
Intersection traffic control - other | |
Modify control – all-way stop to roundabout | |
Modify control – modifications to roundabout | |
Modify control – no control to roundabout | |
Modify control – no control to two-way stop | |
Modify control – remove right-turn yield | |
Modify control – reverse priority of stop condition | |
Modify control – traffic signal to roundabout | |
Modify control – two-way stop to all-way stop | |
Modify control – two-way stop to roundabout | |
Modify control – two-way yield to two-way stop | |
Pavement Markings – add advance signal ahead | |
Pavement markings – add advance stop ahead | |
Pavement markings – add dashed edge line along mainline | |
Pavement markings – add lane use symbols | |
Pavement markings – add stop line | |
Pavement markings – add yield line | |
Pavement markings – miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
Pavement markings – refresh existing pavement markings | |
Modify traffic signal – add additional signal heads | |
Modify traffic signal – add backplates | |
Modify traffic signal – add backplates with retroreflective borders | |
Modify traffic signal – add closed loop system | |
Modify traffic signal – add emergency vehicle preemption | |
Modify traffic signal – add flashing yellow arrow | |
Modify traffic signal – add long vehicle detection | |
Modify traffic signal – add railroad preemption | |
Modify traffic signal – add wireless system | |
Modify traffic signal – miscellaneous/other/unspecified | |
Modify traffic signal – modernization/replacement | |
Modify traffic signal – modify signal mounting (spanwire to mast arm) | |
Modify traffic signal – remove existing signal | |
Modify traffic signal – replace existing indications (incandescent-to-LED and/or 8-to-12 inch dia.) | |
Modify traffic signal timing – left-turn phasing (permissive to protected/permissive) | |
Modify traffic signal timing – left-turn phasing (permissive to protected-only) | |
Modify traffic signal timing – adjust clearance interval (yellow change and/or all-red) | |
Modify traffic signal timing – general retiming | |
Modify traffic signal timing – signal coordination | |
Systemic improvements – signal-controlled | |
Systemic improvements – stop-controlled | |
Lighting | Continuous roadway lighting |
Intersection lighting | |
Lighting – other | |
Site lighting – horizontal curve | |
Site lighting – intersection | |
Site lighting – interchange | |
Site lighting – pedestrian crosswalk | |
Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous |
Non-infrastructure | Educational efforts |
Enforcement | |
Data/traffic records | |
Non-infrastructure – other | |
Outreach | |
Road safety audits | |
Training and workforce development | |
Transportation safety planning | |
Parking | Modify parking |
Parking – other | |
Remove parking | |
Restrict parking | |
Truck parking facilities | |
Pedestrians and bicyclists | Crosswalk |
Install new "smart" crosswalk | |
Install new crosswalk | |
Install sidewalk | |
Medians and pedestrian refuge areas | |
Miscellaneous pedestrians and bicyclists | |
Modify existing crosswalk | |
Pedestrian beacons | |
Pedestrian bridge | |
Pedestrian signal | |
Pedestrian signal – audible device | |
Pedestrian signal – Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon | |
Pedestrian signal – install new at intersection | |
Pedestrian signal – install new at non-intersection location | |
Pedestrian signal – modify existing | |
Pedestrian signal – remove existing | |
Pedestrian warning signs – add/modify flashers | |
Pedestrian warning signs – overhead | |
Railroad grade crossings | Grade separation |
Model enforcement activity | |
Protective devices | |
Railroad grade crossing gates | |
Railroad grade crossing signing | |
Railroad grade crossings – other | |
Surface treatment | |
Upgrade railroad crossing signal | |
Widen crossing for additional lane | |
Roadside | Barrier end treatments (crash cushions, terminals) |
Barrier transitions | |
Barrier – cable | |
Barrier – concrete | |
Barrier – metal | |
Barrier – other | |
Barrier – removal | |
Curb or curb and gutter | |
Drainage improvements | |
Fencing | |
Removal of roadside objects (trees, poles, etc.) | |
Roadside grading | |
Roadside – other | |
Roadway | Install / remove / modify passing zone |
Pavement surface – high friction surface | |
Pavement surface – miscellaneous | |
Roadway narrowing (road diet, roadway reconfiguration) | |
Roadway – other | |
Roadway – restripe to revise separation between opposing lanes and/or shoulder widths | |
Roadway widening – add lane(s) along segment | |
Roadway widening – curve | |
Roadway widening – travel lanes | |
Rumble strips – center | |
Rumble strips – edge or shoulder | |
Rumble strips – transverse | |
Rumble strips – unspecified or other | |
Superelevation / cross slope | |
Roadway delineation | Improve retroreflectivity |
Longitudinal pavement markings – new | |
Longitudinal pavement markings – remarking | |
Delineators post-mounted or on barrier | |
Raised pavement markers | |
Roadway delineation – other | |
Roadway signs and traffic control | Curve-related warning signs and flashers |
Sign sheeting – upgrade or replacement | |
Roadway signs and traffic control – other | |
Roadway signs (including post) – new or updated | |
Shoulder treatments | Widen shoulder – paved or other |
Pave existing shoulders | |
Shoulder grading | |
Shoulder treatments – other | |
Speed management | Modify speed limit |
Radar speed signs | |
Speed detection system / truck warning | |
Speed management – other | |
Traffic calming feature | |
Work Zone | Work zone |
Table 2: Number and Cost of 2013 Projects by Improvement Category
Improvement Category | No. of Projects | Total Cost of Projects* | Average Total Cost* | Total HSIP Cost of Projects* | Average HSIP Cost* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Access management | 34 | $195,352,612.42 | $5,745,665.07 | $30,737,148.44 | $1,097,755.30 |
Advanced technology and ITS | 21 | $7,835,018.00 | $391,750.90 | $6,755,822.66 | $321,705.84 |
Alignment | 55 | $149,902,498.19 | $2,775,972.19 | $35,993,363.80 | $679,120.07 |
Animal-related | 3 | $8,450,107.00 | $2,816,702.33 | $7,043,972.40 | $2,347,990.80 |
Interchange design | 87 | $177,683,228.85 | $2,140,761.79 | $48,053,087.31 | $586,013.26 |
Intersection geometry | 376 | $445,306,021.01 | $1,213,367.90 | $243,071,648.34 | $655,179.65 |
Intersection traffic control | 420 | $279,443,365.54 | $666,929.27 | $190,167,790.03 | $475,419.48 |
Lighting | 48 | $18,678,171.44 | $389,128.57 | $18,462,105.44 | $384,627.20 |
Miscellaneous | 39 | $39,536,487.75 | $1,013,756.10 | $16,663,845.81 | $462,884.61 |
Non-infrastructure | 109 | $42,545,671.00 | $393,941.00 | $44,806,151.00 | $443,625.00 |
Parking | 0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Pedestrians and bicyclists | 103 | $53,892,611.32 | $528,358.93 | $35,694,976.78 | $346,553.17 |
Railroad grade crossings | 4 | $972,389.00 | $243,097.25 | $992,389.00 | $248,097.25 |
Roadside | 225 | $195,970,161.86 | $894,840.92 | $166,283,887.36 | $766,285.20 |
Roadway | 854 | $541,384,359.69 | $635,427.65 | $290,915,274.31 | $342,656.39 |
Roadway delineation | 102 | $59,644,608.12 | $602,470.79 | $43,313,203.01 | $424,639.25 |
Roadway signs and traffic control | 163 | $43,409,123.45 | $269,621.88 | $41,413,281.27 | $254,069.21 |
Shoulder treatments | 179 | $411,469,681.42 | $2,298,713.30 | $211,374,731.00 | $1,180,864.42 |
Speed management | 12 | $3,214,173.15 | $267,847.76 | $3,111,752.04 | $259,312.67 |
Work Zone | 1 | $93,273.00 | $93,273.00 | $93,273.00 | $93,273.00 |
Unknown | 457 | $416,019,421.66 | $912,323.29 | $26,054,849.35 | $234,728.37 |
Total | 3292 | $3,093,063,463.87 | $950,834.14 | $1,458,742,072.10 | $504,580.45 |
* Not all states provided cost data for all projects in a given improvement category.
Table 3. Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Geometry
Subcategory | No. of Projects | Total Cost |
---|---|---|
Auxiliary lanes - add left-turn lane | 114 | $126,343,935 |
Auxiliary lanes - add right-turn lane | 16 | $6,702,633 |
Auxiliary lanes - other | 44 | $88,956 |
Intersection geometrics - other | 141 | $176,292,446 |
Intersection geometrics - modify skew angle | 35 | $15,305,107 |
Intersection geometrics - realignment to improve offset | 15 | $23,366,776 |
Blank (no subcategory indicated) | 11 | $8,338,568 |
Total | 376 | $356,438,422 |
Table 4: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Traffic Control
Subcategory | No. of Projects | Total Cost |
---|---|---|
Intersection flashers and signing | 35 | $4,924,215 |
Intersection traffic control – other | 88 | $51,598,810 |
Modify control to roundabout | 47 | $56,973,072 |
Modify traffic signal – add additional signal heads | 12 | $12,050,242 |
Modify traffic signal – other | 45 | $21,692,152 |
Modify traffic signal – modernization/replacement | 77 | $60,115,452 |
Modify traffic signal – modify signal mounting | 14 | $15,604,417 |
Modify traffic signal timing or phasing | 15 | $21,663,179 |
Pavement markings | 48 | $9,248,702 |
Systemic improvements – signal-controlled | 31 | $23,105,395 |
Blank (no subcategory indicated) | 8 | $2,467,729 |
Total | 420 | $279,443,366 |
Table 5: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Pedestrians and Bicyclists
Subcategory | No. of Projects | Total Cost |
---|---|---|
Install or modify crosswalk | 11 | $6,110,617 |
Install sidewalk | 33 | $10,619,125 |
Miscellaneous pedestrian and bicyclist improvements | 29 | $22,545,047 |
Install or modify pedestrian signal | 30 | $14,617,823 |
Total | 103 | $53,892,611 |
Table 6: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Roadway
Subcategory | No. of Projects | Total Cost |
---|---|---|
Pavement surface – high friction surface | 21 | $9,761,102 |
Pavement surface – miscellaneous | 100 | $38,737,373 |
Roadway widening – add or widen lanes | 24 | $126,677,292 |
Roadway narrowing (road diet, roadway reconfiguration) | 3 | $337,903 |
Rumble strips – center | 11 | $3,962,583 |
Rumble strips – edge or shoulder | 66 | $143,286,118 |
Rumble strips – unspecified or other | 4 | $818,892 |
Roadway – other | 595 | $194,671,135 |
Blank (no subcategory indicated) | 30 | $23,131,961 |
Total | 854 | $541,384,360 |
Table 7. Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Non-Infrastructure
Subcategory | No. of Projects | Total Cost |
---|---|---|
Data/traffic records | 5 | $581,791 |
Educational efforts | 5 | $1,226,474 |
Enforcement | 2 | $2,895,444 |
Non-infrastructure – other | 31 | $13,143,650 |
Road safety audits | 9 | $2,649,500 |
Transportation safety planning | 10 | $4,112,108 |
Blank (no subcategory indicated) | 45 | $20,197,184 |
Total | 109 | $44,806,151 |
* There were two additional projects labeled as "Outreach" and "Training and workforce development" that did not have a cost indicated.