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Environmental Handbook

Acronyms

ACM - Asbestos Containing Material 
APC  -Account Processing Code
AR  -Army Regulation
ASD - Accumulation Start Date 
AUL  -Authorized Use List
AVIM - Aviation Intermediate Maintenance 
BMP - Best Management Practice
CARC - Chemical Agent Resistant Coating 
CBRNE - Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear Explosive 
CFR - Code of Federal Regulations
CID - Command Investigation Division 
CID - Commercial Item Description
CIP - Command Inspection Program 
CRM - Cultural Resource Manager
DA PAM - Department of the Army Pamphlet 
DFAC - Dining Facility 
DoD - Department of Defense 
DODACC - Department of Defense Activity Account Code 
DOT - Department of Transportation
DPTMS - Department of Plans, Training, Mobilization and Security 
DPW - Directorate of Public Works 
DRMO - Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office
DSN - Defense Switch Network 
DSR - Disposal Service Representative (DRMO) 
EMS - Environmental Management System 
EPAS - Environmental Performance Assessment System
EPS - Environmental Protocol Sheet
EQO - Environmental Quality Officer
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency 
FEDLOG - Federal Logistics Data System
EQD - Fort Sill Environmental Quality Division 
FCFH - Ft. Campbell Family Housing
FMT - Facility Maintenance Technician
FRH - Flameless Ration Heaters
FOUO - For Official Use Only
FST - Field Sanitation Team
GPC - Government Purchase Card
HAZCOM - Hazardous Communication 
HAZMAT - Hazardous Materials 
HAZWOPER - Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response 
HM - Hazardous Materials
HMCC - Hazardous Material Control Center
HMIRS - Hazardous Materials Information Resource System 
HSMS - Hazardous Substance Management System 
HSWA - Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments 
HW - Hazardous Waste
IAW - In Accordance With
ITAM - Integrated Training Area Management
LOI - Letter of Instruction 
LBP - Lead Based Paint 
LQG - Large Quantity Generator 
LWPS - Light Water Purification System 
MIL STD - Military Standard
MOGAS - Motor Vehicle Gasoline 
MRE - Meals Ready to Eat 
MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet(s)
NA - North American 
NBC - Nuclear, Biological and Chemical 
NFPA - National Fire Protection Association
NICAD - Nickel Cadmium
NOV - Notice of Violation 
NSN - National Stock Number
ODC - Ozone Depleting Chemical
ODS - Ozone Depleting Substance
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration 
OWS - Oil-Water Separator
PCB’s - Polychlorinated Biphenyl’s 
POL - Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants 
POV - Personally Owned Vehicle 
PPE - Personal Protective Equipment 
PPOC - Pollution Prevention Operations Center 
QSL - Quality Status Listing
RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RMW - Regulated Medical Waste
ROWPU - Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit 
SAP  - Satellite Accumulation Point 
SCU  - Secondary Containment Unit 
SLAB  - Sealed Lead Acid Battery 
SOP - Standard Operating Procedure 
SSA - Supply Support Activity 
SWMU - Solid Waste Management Unit 
SPCCP - Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure Plan 
TSCA - Toxic Substance Control Act 
TSDF - Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility 
TWPS - Tactical Water Purification System 
UBL - Unit Basic Load 
UN - United Nations 
USFWS - United States Fish and Wildlife Service 
UW - Universal Waste
UXO - Unexploded Ordnance

Agricultural Outlease

In accordance with the AR 200-3, military land will be routinely examined to determine what areas, if any, can be made available for outleases. In accordance with the concept of multiple land use, areas which are required to support the military mission may be also outleased for agricultural purposes.

The Ag Lease Program is one of the most effective tools for enhancing and maintaining training lands for the Installation with NO OMA Dollars. Fort Campbell would not have open ground for training without incurring a tremendous cost for clearing and maintenance.

Fort Campbell's Ag Lease is one of FORSCOM's most viable programs generating $130K annually. This revenue is collected by Louisville COE and forwarded to U. S. Treasury. It is then deposited to the Army account established for the purpose of redistribution to the Outleasing for Grazing and Agriculture on Military Lands. For the past 3 years, FORSCOM has allocated Fort Campbell's Ag Lease Program more than we have generated. Our budget has more than tripled from $90K in FY97 to $371 in FY00. . We currently have approximately 5000 acres in production, which include row crops, i.e. corn, wheat, soybeans, milo and hay (primarily on the DZ's).

The cost avoidance for the Installation for maintenance on these acres is $260K at the rate of $50 an acre per the current mowing contract. This fee is for one-time mowing per year. Ag Lease can also use budget monies for other Natural Resources Projects. These projects are approved and encouraged by FORSCOM.

Our goal is to clean up the waterways in the DZ's and LZ's and eliminate the woody vegetation from the open fields to enhance training and improve wildlife habitat. We have set a goal of 500+ acres per year, using various means, such as, prescribe burning; mechanical clearing; and chemical control.

There are around 11,000 acres with soils conducive to agriculture, we can use for rotational fields. Some of these open fields will be incorporated into a Rotational Program to be maintained by Ag Lease funds. It would cost the Installation in an excess of $5 million to clear all of these acres. Also, it would cost the Installation $544K at $50 an acre to maintain these acres annually.

Air Quality

What Causes Air Pollution? 

The sources at Fort Campbell include:

Spray booths
Underground and Aboveground storage tanks
Fuel burning equipment
Classified document incinerator
Woodworking shops
Aggregate storage area
*Taken from the EPA

The Clean Air Act: The Clean Air Act provides the principal framework for national, state, and local efforts to protect air quality. Under the Clean Air Act, the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards is responsible for setting standards, also know as national ambient air standards, for pollutants which are considered harmful to people and the environment.

Fort Campbell's Area of Responsibility: Fort Campbell has been designated an ozone "maintenance" area in 2005 . The maintenance plan requirements will be designed to maintain the average ozone concentration levels at or below the maximum allowed to sustain compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

Title I

Attainment & Maintenance of Ambient Air Quality: Air pollution control requirements are in place for areas that do not meet USEPA air quality standards.

Title II

Mobile Sources: The goal is to reduce emissions from mobile sources through inspections

-Pollution control requirements
-Clean fuel technologies
This title also requires Federal fleets to introduce clean fuel or alternative fuel vehicles (non-tactical) into the system over a period of years. Since Fort Campbell is designated as an attainment area for pollutants, vehicle inspections are currently not required.

Title III

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS): Implemented a program to control the emissions of 189 hazardous air pollutants. This title also addresses accidental releases and risk management plans. Some of the typical sources on the installation include:

-Perchlorethylene Dry Cleaners
-Spray Booths
-Degreasing operations

Asbestos

The word asbestos is derived from a Greek objective meaning inextinguishable. The 'miracle mineral' as it was referred to by the Greeks, was admired for its soft and pliant properties, as well as its ability to withstand heat. Asbestos was spun and woven into cloth in the same manner as cotton. It was also utilized for wicks in sacred lamps. Romans likewise recognized the properties of asbestos and it is thought that they cleaned asbestos tablecloths by throwing them into the flames of a fire. From the time of the Greeks and Romans in the first century until its re-emergence in the eighteenth century, asbestos received little attention or use. It was available in large amounts until extensive deposits were discovered in Canada in the late 1800's. Following this discovery, asbestos emerged as an insulating component in thermal system insulation for boilers, pipes, and other high temperature applications and as a reinforcement material for a variety of products.

Building Materials Containing Asbestos
Floor Sheeting	Floor Tile	Mastics
Cement Pipe	Transite Pipe	Gaskets
Flex Duct	Transite Board	Drywall
Joint Compound	Ceiling Tile	Shingles
Roofing Felt	Flashing Tar	Glazing
Pipe Insulation	Joint Insulation	Seam Paste
Fire Door Insulation	Fire Blankets	Stage Ropes
Stage Curtains	Heat Shields	Kilns
Acoustical Tile	Safe/File Cabinets	Gloves

 

Characteristics

Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral. It is distinguished from other minerals by the fact that its crystals form long, thin fibers. Deposits of asbestos are found throughout the world. Asbestos minerals are divided into two groups-serpentine, which is "S" shaped and long, and amphibole, which is more straight, shorter and "Javelin" like in appearance. The distinction between groups is based upon a mineral's crystalline structure-serpentine minerals have a sheet or layered structure, amphiboles have a chain-like crystal structure. Chrysotile, the only asbestos mineral in the serpentine group, is the most commonly used type of asbestos and accounts for approximately 95% of the asbestos found in building in the United States. Chrysotile is commonly known as "white asbestos", so named for its natural color. Five types of asbestos are found in the amphibole group. Amosite, the second most likely type to be found in buildings, if often referred to as "brown asbestos". As you might assume, in its natural state Amosite is brown in color. Crocidolite, "blue asbestos", is also an amphibole. Crocidolite was used in high temperature insulation applications. The remaining types of asbestos in the amphibole group are: anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolite. These varieties are of little commercial value.

Uses

Asbestos has been used in literally thousands of products. Collectively, these are frequently referred to as asbestos-containing material. Asbestos gained widespread use because it is plentiful, readily available, and low in cost. Due to its unique properties-fire resistance, high tensile strength, poor heat and electrical conductivity, and being generally impervious to chemical attacks-asbestos proved well suited for many used in the construction trades. One of the most common uses for asbestos is as a fireproofing material. It was sprayed on steel beams, columns, and decking that were used in construction of multi-storied buildings. Asbestos is also used to enhance the strength of building materials. It is found in concrete and concrete-like products. As an insulator, asbestos received widespread use for thermal insulation and condensation control.

Friable Vs. Non-Friable Asbestos Containing Material

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) distinguished between friable and non friable forms of asbestos containing material. Friable asbestos containing material contains more than 1% asbestos and can be 'crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to a powder with hand pressure when dry'. Other things being equal, friable asbestos containing material is thought to release fibers into the air more readily; however, many types of non friable asbestos containing material can also release fibers if disturbed.

Categories

The EPA identifies three categories of asbestos containing material used in buildings:
Surfacing Materials: asbestos containing material sprayed or troweled on surfaces (walls, ceilings, structural members) for acoustical, decorative, or fireproofing purposes. This includes plaster and fireproofing insulation. Thermal System Insulation: Insulation used to inhibit heat transfer or prevent condensation on pipes, boilers, tanks, ducts, and various other components of hot and cold waste systems and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HV AC) systems. This includes pipe lagging, pipe wrap, block, batt, and blanket insulation; cements and "muds"; and a variety of other products such as gaskets and ropes. Miscellaneous Materials: Other, largely non friable products and materials such as floor tile, ceiling tile, roofing felt, concrete pipe, outdoor siding, and fabrics. While it is often possible to 'suspect' that a materials or product is or contains asbestos by visual determination, actual determinations can only be made by instrumental analysis. The EPA requires that the asbestos content of suspect materials be determined by collecting bulk samples and analyzing them by polarized light microscopy (PLM). The PLM technique determines both the percent and type of asbestos in the bulk material.

Asbestos "Building Occupant Notification Form" (BONF)

Fort Campbell buildings posts an 8 ½ X 11" notification form at the entry of each building or mechanical room. The yellow colored notification provides occupants and maintenance workers one means of identifying the asbestos containing material present.The form contains the building number, date of inspection, a list of the asbestos containing material(s) as well as the type of material and location. This information is for awareness so that such material is not disturbed. Detailed survey information is available at the Environmental Division.

Fort Campbell & Asbestos

First and foremost is the concern for compliance. Compliance is an on-going task that is being accomplished by means of surveys of all Fort Campbell OMA buildings. This was accomplished in 1992 and is being recertified through new surveys and/or re-inspection every three years.

The surveys provide for the re-inspection and assessment of existing asbestos, the identification of new suspect-manifestations, and the maintenance of asbestos non-compliant problems.
Identifying potential asbestos problems outside of the parameters of the survey. This usually calls for the sampling and analyses of samples collected from:
(a) components that have been declared as excess, or
(b) non-building material components that are to be disposed of.

Providing technical expertise and consultation to other FCKY entities relative to unique asbestos issues.

Battery Management

Battery management enhances combat readiness, establishes regulatory compliance and provides inventory management of battalion level batteries throughout the division. Through a cooperative effort between the PPOC and the Division Material Management Center (DMMC) we have created a centralized program for the requisition, receipt, distribution, storage, testing and disposal of batteries.

Contingency Support Operations

UBL/Contingency Operations enhance combat readiness and sustain deployable units during training exercises and real world missions. The PPOC    maintains a 15-day package to support the specific needs of each unit. Materials are gathered from inventory, assembled, and then packaged in Performance Oriented Packaging as required by the Department of Transportation and United Nations regulations. Units returning to garrison upon completion of a deployment coordinate a turn-in of materials. Hazmat contingency operations are also in place to support real world deployments and is coordinated through the Installation Operation Center. PPOC personnel reinspect all incoming materials for serviceability and reconstute unit UBL packages to meet future requrements.

Cultural Resources

Fort Campbell has rich cultural resources to manage including archaeological sites up to 12,000 years old, family cemeteries, houses from the 19th and 20th centuries, and World War II and the Cold War places of interest. Please keep the following in mind to protect and conserve these historical resources.

1. Collecting artifacts from archaeological sites on federal property is prohibited

2. Recreational use of metal detectors within Fort Campbell is prohibited

3. Severe criminal penalties can be imposed for collecting archaeological resources without a permit.

4. Get properly issued dig permits from the ITAM Program for all mechanically assisted digging for military training activities

5. Human bones or remnants should be reported immediately to the Criminal Investigative Division (CID), and the Cultural Resources Program (CRP). Secure the immediate vicinity to prevent further disturbance pending inspection by CID and CRP manager.

6. Report the collecting of artifacts from either prehistoric or historic sites to the CID, as well as the CRP Manager. Secure the area from further use or disturbance pending inspection by CID and CRP Manager.

7. If prehistoric artifacts or remnants of historical sites are found in non-restricted areas, report the finds and location to the CRP Manager.

 

Overview:
In 1941 the Department of Defense, in response to the imminent entrance of the U.S. into WW II, realized the necessity for more military training areas. One such area was the 105,000 acres that is now Fort Campbell. This land was already home to many small communities, farms, and places of businesses – some dating back to the 1820s. And up until the arrival of Europeans, Native Americans lived and hunted here continuously as early as 12,000 years ago. The Cultural Resource Management Program works to protect these historic sites – from prehistoric Native American sites to the remnants of an old farmstead to the present-day “temporary” WW II barracks. It encompasses not only the study of archeology, but also history, architecture, and anthropology – to name just a few.

As a federal agency Fort Campbell is responsible for being a good steward of the land – and this includes identifying and protecting the cultural resources located on its land. While it is a common misconception that cultural resources refer only to archaeological sites, cultural resources include a variety of other items. Army Regulation 200-4 lists all of the different cultural resources and the laws that define them. These resources include historic properties (which includes historic districts, individual buildings, and archaeological sites), Native American cultural items and sites, archaeological resources (not just the sites, but the artifacts), and the records and collections of all the associated research. Cultural resources that are important enough may be eligible to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Here at Fort Campbell, the Cultural Resources office conducts not only physical archeological and architectural surveys in order to identify cultural resources, but also prepares historic context statements that assists in the evaluation of the resources. Known resources include historic and prehistoric archaeological sites, historic buildings, historic districts, and objects. Historic buildings include the four structures that pre-date Fort Campbell (including the building seen above and is the home of the Cultural Resources Program - the Childers House); as well as World War II, Korean, and Cold War structures. Districts are areas that have a series of structures that individually may not have cultural value, but together does. Fort Campbell has a single historic district, ex-nuclear component storage area, Clarksville Base. And finally, Fort Campbell has two historic objects, a statue by local artist E.T. Wickham, and a Kentucky/Tennessee state line marker erected in 1858. In addition to all of these resources, there are over 100 known historic cemeteries on Fort Campbell. Which, while having a special interest at Fort Campbell, are not usually eligible for the National Register.

The office also works to educate the public about the cultural significance of the area by participating in Fort Campbell’s local Annual Earth Day for post primary and secondary schools as well as helping those with genealogical searches that lead them to cemeteries here on post. An oral history program is also underway to study the ethnography, history, sociology, and geography of the land prior to the land acquisitions of 1941.

The office also participates in the bi-monthly EQO training sessions to educate all parties that work on post – be they soldiers, contractors, or government employees – to ensure that training and construction does not destroy or damage historic items. The Program also coordinates with G3 (Range Control) and ITAM for training activities; Master Planning, ITBC, and DPW for construction activities, and any other agencies that are involved in post activities that may effect cultural resources. The office participates in Environmental Assessment and Record of Environmental Consideration reviews and dig permits must be obtained from the CRM office by both military and civilian personnel before performing mechanical excavation anywhere on post. For planning purposes, the program has an Integrated Cultural Resource Management Plan (ICRMP) that details how the work will be done and guides future projects.

And finally, as much as we want the public to be interested in the history and archaeology of the region, it is important to remember that pursuant to the Archeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 (16U.S.C. 470), it is a federal crime to sell, purchase, damage alter or deface an archeological resource or attempt to do so. It is also illegal to sell, purchase, exchange transport or receive and archeological resource from federal land or offer to do so. It is illegal if a person violates, counsels, procures, solicits or employs any person to violate an aforementioned provision. In short no one is allowed to collect arrow heads, pot hunt, or use metal detectors anywhere on Fort Campbell property. Punishments range from a misdemeanor to a felony charge and can include forfeiture of vehicles, equipment and materials associated with the crime. And while this may seem harsh, it is important to remember that history belongs to all of us and that the removal of artifacts damages the integrity of an archaeological site and may destroy important historical information.

EPAS

References:
• AR 200-1, Environmental Protection and Enhancement, paragraph 16-1, Environmental Performance Assessment and Environmental Management System Audits
• The Environmental Assessment and Management (TEAM) Guide with Army and state supplements [Guides are available for download from FedCenter at http://www.fedcenter.gov/ . Account required.]

The Environmental Performance Assessment System (EPAS) program assists in attaining, sustaining, and monitoring compliance with Federal, State, and local environmental laws and regulations, as well as DoD and Army compliance and performance requirements. It plays a vital role in a proactive approach for environmental compliance and management auditing. Specifically, it:

• Identifies compliance and environmental management deficiencies and associated root causes.
• Determines potential corrective actions to address deficiencies and identifies resources to implement corrective actions.
• Monitors progress of corrective actions and analyzes non-compliance trends.
• Increases environmental awareness across the installation.

Installations undergo both external and internal EPAS assessments utilizing the TEAM Guide with appropriate supplements. For external assessments, the U.S. Army Environmental Command (USAEC) conducts risk-based scheduling to assess installations with greater environmental risk more frequently, while maintaining an assessment standard for installations with less environmental risk. External assessments are typically conducted at Fort Campbell every three to four years. Internal assessments are performed by onsite installation staff and are conducted in accordance with the Environmental Operating Procedure for Internal EPAS Audits. Findings resulting from both external and internal assessments are included in the EPAS Installation Corrective Action Plan (ICAP) and progress is tracked until the appropriate corrective action has been taken to correct the deficiency.

With the Army’s development and implementation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) to comply with EO 13148, 21 Apr 00 (and its eventual replacement, EO 13423, 26 Jan 07), the expanded EPAS program now includes environmental management performance auditing. Fort Campbell’s EMS includes sustainability and, therefore, is named the “Sustainable Installation Management System (SIMS).” For information on SIMS, click on the EMS link on the Fort Campbell Environmental Division website.

EQO Information and Education

The Fort Campbell Environmental Division provides training for Environmental Division personnel, military and civilian workers, and their resident families. We teach the environmental laws and Executive Orders that govern Fort Campbell as well as the environmental protection guidelines crucial when traveling abroad. Our classes are constructed to be broad-ranged, flexible, comprehensive, and frequent to suit the varied needs of our students.

Classes:

Twenty-nine courses are offered to soldiers, civilians, and contractors through the Environmental Division’s Education and Outreach program.

The Environmental Quality Officers course is the foundation of these classes providing a complete overview of Environmental programs and compliance issues on Fort Campbell. This 20-hour program focuses on compliance and E.O. requirements and employs experts from each field to provide both generalized and specialized P2 guidance.

In addition to our main class listings, Fort Campbell provides specialized and unique training to suit the unique needs of our personnel:

-Regulatory required training (OSHA, Hazwoper, and RCRA) is offered for soldier and civilian convenience on Fort Campbell saving valuable installation dollars in travel expenses.
-Operational training to provide current handlers with innovative methods to recycle fuel, avoid spills and prevent contamination of our environment.
-Rear Detachment commander training teaching recycling and solid waste management for those left behind in the event of a major deployment.
-Recycling training for mobilized National Guard and Army Reserve units on the installation for varying periods of 2 days to 1-2 year deployments on site.
-EQO Bi-Monthly meetings on recycled metal to update and raise awareness.

Fish and Wildlife

The Fish and Wildlife Program applies to all Army commands and personnel, and covers Army installations on United States soil which contain land and water areas suitable for conservation and management of fish and wildlife resources. The suitability of a military installation for fish and wildlife management shall be determined after consulting with the USFWS and the state. Provisions for proper fish and wildlife management are described in AR 200-3.

 

Unit Responsibilities:

1. ROWPU/TWPS/LPS units should contact the Environmental Division Conservation Branch and Stormwater Program prior to purifying water from Lake Kyle or Lake Taal.

2. Remove concertina wire, containers, and other trash from training areas when leaving the field. Animals, people, equipment can get trapped in concertina wire.

3. Military units are encouraged to release training areas to range control for hunting when lands are not being used for training.

4. Immediately report road killed white-tailed deer to post game wardens.

5. Avoid wildlife research sites.

Forestry

Forest management activities are highly visible to the public. Mission support and public relations are elements that a well planned, and scientifically managed forest can yield. Additional benefits of an ecologically sound forest management program include protection of watersheds, cultural resources, and endangered species; recreational opportunities; improved wildlife populations and habitat; and natural beauty. Our activities include forest product sales, timber stand improvements, prescribed burning, forest improvements, forest fire protection and monitoring for forest pests.

Forest Fire Management
Please Note: Fort Campbell's fire season is from October to April

What are some of the causes of Forest Fires?
Troop Training is a cause of fires. Occasionally we find trip flares that have not been removed from the forest, and animals trip the flares causing fire.

Why is Control Burning necessary?
We burn annually to prevent uncontrolled wildfires. We burn impact areas and create fire breaks around the perimeter to contain any fires that may escape. The training areas are on a three-year rotation for controlled burning. Training areas surrounding impact areas are on a two-year rotation. Control burning opens areas up for troop use, reduces fuel buildup, and generates new growth of desirable timber species or vegetative habitat for wildlife. In addition, we perform prescribed burning in pine plantations. Dense underbrush creates more open areas for light maneuver training.

Tips from the Fire Bug

- If troops start a fire they need to try and extinguish it if at all possible, if not call Range Control and continue the mission.
- To prevent fires when using pyrotechnics, smoke pats, etc...place them in areas free of vegetation.
- During training only scrub tree limbs should be used for camouflage. Hardwood trees will not be used. Trees will not be cut or damaged without prior approval from Range Control and the Forestry Branch.
- Please dispose of concertina wire properly. The wire, if concealed within deep grass can cause accidents during fire suppression.

Hazardous Materials Management

Examples of hazardous materials include: POL's, Paints, Adhesives, Cleaning Compounds

Materials are regulated by:

29 CFR (OSHA)
40 CFR (EPA)
49 CFR (DOT)

EQO RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Container Labels/ Marking
2. Maintaining Lists such as:
-HAZMAT Inventory
-Waste Dispositions
-Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
-HAZCOM Training Program
-Emergency Spill Planning

HAZMAT CUSTODIAN RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Assists EQO
2. Additional POC for HMCC
3. Control Access of HAZMAT storage areas
4. Ensure HAZMAT is returned and storage areas are secured when not in use
5. Ensure chemical sign in/out logs are properly completed
6. Coordinating changes to inventory (GSL)

HMCC GARRISON SUPPORT
1. Product Obtained
2. Serviceability Ensured Material Delivered
3. Removal of Empty Containers/Contaminated Materials
4. Monthly Assessments
5. Providing Service to units/activities
6. Management of Hazmat Storage Areas

SERVICEABLE HAZMAT STORAGE AREA (GARRISON)
1. Know who your HAZMAT POC
2. Inventory & Sign-out Log Posted
3. Sign for products removed from HAZMAT storage areas.Return serviceable products to the location indicated on the sign-out
sheet and sign them back in.
4. MSDS’s Provided
5. Additional Needs? Contact POC
6. Do Not Support Contingency Operations with Garrison Stock

RETURN AREA (GARRISON)
1. Place all empty containers and contaminated materials in return area.
2. Containers must be marked to identify contents.
3. Containers must be closed and placed so as to prevent spills.HAZMAT storage area restocked upon return of empty containers.

HAZMAT CONTINGENCY/UBL FACILITY (Contingency HAZMAT Picked Up & Returned Here)
BLDG. 5136, 2nd & Wickham
Hours: 0700 - 1530

Please Note: 7- Day notice Required for all scheduled training exercises
-Return Unused Materials and MSDS Packet to PPOC Upon Recovery
-Local Deployment: Return Empty Containers & Contaminated materials to PPOC Upon Recovery
-Other Deployments: Dispose of Empty Containers & Contaminated materials. Follow Host’s Operating Procedures.
-EOC Notifies HMCC if Necessary

Hazardous Waste

The PPOC’s 90-Day Accumulation Point for hazardous waste storage provides single point accountability, classification, chemical analysis, manifesting, bulking, labeling and tracking of all waste for ultimate disposal.

A “You Call We Haul” service has been integrated to maximize customer service. Customers can simply call 798-9790 to schedule a pick-up of waste within 72 hours. PPOC personnel will come to the unit location and remove the material.

Product screening has also been established to minimize material disposal. These processes coupled with dedicated personnel have enabled Fort Campbell to reduce hazardous waste disposal quantities and related costs by over 80% since 1992.

Antifreeze Recycling
The PPOC manages used antifreeze for the installation, providing on-site testing and recycling. The PPOC's recycling efforts have led to the same antifreeze being utilized, recycled, then re-issued. This provides the soldier with a serviceable product that meets all military specifications at a reduced cost.
If you require recycled antifreeze, please notify your servicing representative.

Battery Management
The purpose of this program is to enhance combat readiness, establish regulatory compliance and inventory management of battalion level battery stockage requirements throughout the division. This is achieved by a team effort between the PPOC and the Division Material Management Center (DMMC) by establishing single point control and accountability over the requisitioning, receipt, distribution, storage, testing and disposal of batteries.

POL Management
The PPOC also provides management for used petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL's). Used POL's generated at the unit or maintenance level are collected, assessed, stored, and then sent for recycling.

Lead Based Paint

The Lead Based Paint (LBP) program initially focused on childcare facilities and family housing. In more recent times that focus has been adjusted to include the more traditional aspects of the soldiers' everyday life. As more and more self-help projects are initiated by the units the need for identification of suspect-LBP is increasing.

 
Protocols have been developed to identify suspect-areas and establish procedural steps once a lead paint problem has been verified.

Maps

NEPA

NEPA is out nation’s basic charter for the protection of the environment. Established in 1969, NEPA requires that all proposed actions or projects consider their full environmental impact in the planning and decision making process. The NEPA process was written to be included as early as possible in the decision making process so that all environmental concerns can be considered before a final decision is made. NEPA is not intended to be a “road block” in the decision making process.

Environmental Assessments (EA) and Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) are written reports that help to establish a project’s affect of the surrounding environment. These reports also list alternatives to the proposed action and their affects on the environment. The main purpose of these results is to help identify ways to stop and reduce negative impacts that projects have on the environment. Certain actions do not need an in-depth environmental analysis. These projects are excluded from this process if they fall under a Categorical Exclusion. The Army’s list of Categorical Exclusions can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations under 32 CFR 651, Environmental Analysis of Army Actions. This Code establishes the NEPA Policy for the Department of the Army.

PPOC

The PPOC consists of 3.6 acres, or 157,280 square feet of integrated environmental management and mission readiness. Located at 2nd & Wickham, the PPOC consists of several programs, each having an integral role in minimizing waste, ensuring environmental compliance, maintaining combat effectiveness, and saving valuable installation dollars.

These programs ensure proper management for the requisition, receipt, distribution, and storage of all hazardous materials, hazardous wastes, and recyclable fuels/oils at Fort Campbell.

By combining knowledgeable people with innovative new solutions the PPOC has become one of the most celebrated environmental program successes in the Army.

Hazardous Material Control Center (HMCC)

The goal of the HMCC is to provide complete life cycle management of hazardous materials (HAZMAT) at Fort Campbell. This is achieved through requisition, receipt, serialization, and automated tracking utilizing the Hazardous Substance Management System (HSMS). The HMCC also utilizes a dedicated service route to provide continuous management of HAZMAT at the unit level while increasing unit efficiency.

All Fort Campbell units are required to utilize the HMCC for all of their HAZMAT needs. The days of time consuming searches for HAZMAT or costly individual credit card purchases are over for Fort Campbell units. This program has taken the hassle out of HAZMAT while saving your units money.

THE PPOC PROGRAMS

Shelf Life Management

Shelf life extension is a tool utilized by the PPOC to reduce waste and ensure viable product is delivered to the soldier. In order for items to be managed in accordance with all DoD directives, shelf life management personnel utilize all available information from the manufacturer, Defense Supply Center-Richmond, and the US Army Petroleum Center. These sources are used to inspect for deterioration of specific materials and to extend those materials that would otherwise be disposed of as a waste. This coupled with on-site serviceability of incoming materials allows the shelf life manager to determine if products can be re-used or if they will need further testing. Product reuse improves force sustainment and saves valuable installation dollars necessary for combat training. Shelf life extension also eliminates sending materials to waste therefore saving procurement and disposal costs.

Battery Management and Reissue

Battery management enhances combat readiness, establishes regulatory compliance and provides inventory management of battalion level batteries throughout the division. Through a cooporative effort between the PPOC and the Division we have created a centralized program for the requisition, receipt, distribution, storage, testing and disposal of batteries.

Freon Reclamation

Used refrigerants from all over Fort Campbell are recovered by PPOC personnel, recycled on site and sent to an external EPA approved company for quality assurance tests. The approved Freon is then reissued to the units of Fort Campbell. This process saves the environment and funds through eliminating Freon disposal and aids our installation by providing a cost free refrigerant to our units.

Parts Washers/ Weapons Cleaners

Efficiency gained through PPOC management of the parts washer program has reduced program operating costs while increasing service and support to 192 units and 319 installation owned parts washers. The PPOC recycles an average of 20,000 gallons of parts washer solvent on-site every year. Soldiers report mission readiness has increased 25-30 percent with the implementation of the Parts Washers program, by saving countless hours of hand scrubbing parts and weapons.

Used Oil Management

The PPOC also provides management of used petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL’s) through collection, assessment, storage, and control of POL’s.
Used POL's generated at the unit or maintenance level are collected, assessed, stored, and then sent for recycling.

Antifreeze Recycling

Antifreeze is collected, recycled and reissued saving valuable installation dollars and a real environmental benifit.

Spill Response Materials

To assist units in managing environmental impacts during deployments and while performing maintenance operations, the PPOC implemented a spill response materials program.

The PPOC designed spill kits boast impressive savings. These kits which are made on-site are designed for what a soldier actually needs in a field environment. A 69 percent total savings on spill kits and materials has encouraged units and activities to annually purchase over 500 spill kits and various re-fill materials. Having these materials on hand is a definite pollution prevention initiative. If our soldiers have the right materials at the right time, they will be able to prevent unnecessary contamination.

Hazardous Waste Management

The PPOC’s 90-Day Accumulation Point for hazardous waste storage provides single point accountability, classification, chemical analysis, manifesting, bulking, labeling and tracking of all waste for ultimate disposal.
A “You Call We Haul” service has been integrated to maximize customer service. Customers can simply call 798-9790 to schedule a pick-up of waste and within 72 hours. PPOC personnel will come to the unit location and remove the material.
Product screening has also been established to minimize material disposal.

UBL (Unit Basic Load) & Contingency Support Operations
(25% increase in combat readiness since iniation)

UBL/Contingency Operations enhance combat readiness and sustain deployable units during training exercises and real world missions. The PPOC maintains a 15-day package to support the specific needs of each unit. Materials are gathered from inventory, assembled, and then packaged in Performance Oriented Packaging as required by the Department of Transportation and United Nations regulations. Units returning to garrison upon completion of a deployment coordinate a turn-in of materials. Hazmat contingency operations are also in place to support real world deployments and is coordinated through the Installation Operation Center. PPOC personnel reinspect all incoming materials for serviceability and reconstute unit UBL packages to meet future requrements.

Accomplishments and Accolades

The PPOC’s greatest accomplishment is providing our troops with the hazmat they need when they need it. Our efforts have not gone unnoticed, within the last 5 years this program has been recognized 16 times by entites such as the White House, the Secretary of the Army and Harvard University, for outstanding pollution prevention/environmental management.

PPOC has been recognized on the federal, state, and private level with the following honors.

2006 White House Closing the Circle Award Recycling Military

2006 Governor’s Award for Excellence in Hazardous Waste Management (State of TN)

2006 Certificate of Appreciation Excellence in Fuel Recycling (TN National Guard)

2005 Secretary of Defense Environmental Quality, Non-Industrial Installation

2005 Secretary of the Army Environmental Quality Award, Non-Industrial Installation

2005 White House Closing the Circle Award Recycling Military (Honorable Mention)

2004 Secretary of Defense Environmental Awards Non-Industrial Installation (Honorable Mention)

2004 Secretary of the Army Environmental Award for Pollution Prevention, Installation U.S. Army Environmental Center

2004 Governor's Award for Excellence in Hazardous Waste Management, State of Tennessee

2004 Governor's Award for Excellence in Local Government Stewardship, State if Tennessee

2003 Harvard Innovation Finalist PPOC Harvard University

2003 Governor's Award for Excellence in Hazardous Waste Management, State of Tennessee

2003 White House Closing the Circle Award - Solid Waste and Recycling (Honorable Mention)

2002 Secretary of the Army Environmental Award
Pollution Prevention (Non-Industrial) (Runner-Up)

2002 White House Closing the Circle Award - Model Facility, Office of the Federal Environmental Executive

2002 Governor’s Award for Industrial Pollution Prevention, State of Tennessee

2001 Governor’s Environmental Excellence Award for Leadership in Pollution Prevention, State of Kentucky

1999 White House Closing the Circle Award- (Outstanding Leadership Implementing Executive Order 12856 (implementation of the Pollution Prevention Operation Center)

1999 Governor’s Award for Excellence in Hazardous Waste Management, State of Tennessee

Pollution prevention team efforts have resulted in improvements in material management, increased mission readiness, improved environmental compliance, and cost savings. Fort Campbell is dedicated to a leadership role in becoming good stewards to our natural resources and the environment entrusted to us. We can only do this by integrating environmental responsibility into everything we do.

Recycling and Solid Waste

The waste collection system is designed for the collection of waste generated on the installation during normal operations. Waste containers are sized and placed at locations throughout the installation to maximize convenience and minimize excess waste.

Field trash and off-post trash creates a burden on the waste collection system designed to collect only the waste normally generated on the installation. The Recycling Convenience Center is located near the south vehicle wash facility which is conveniently located and designed to handle trash during and at the end of field exercises. Field trash should not be taken to company or hangar areas.

Introduction of off-post trash at installation collection points violates Kentucky and Tennessee State Laws and causes overflows at collection points.

Introduction of hazardous materials/waste and munitions such as, unused MRE heaters, compressed gas cylinders, florescent light tubes, aerosol cans, blanks, smoke devices (used and unused), etc… into waste containers creates regulatory/safety problems and the potential for fines.

Recycling

Recycling is a key factor in the management of solid waste. Recycling turns materials that would otherwise become waste into valuable resources. Not only does recycling divert materials from the landfill, bit it also conserves natural resources while using existing ones.

Recycling of Paper and Cardboard is Mandatory

All offices and activities on the installation are required to participate in the mandatory cardboard and office paper recycling initiative per the Garrison Commander memorandum issued 31 January 2003. Each major office building is equipped with containers for paper and small quantities of cardboard. All paper (paper in any color: newspapers, magazines, junk mail, brochures, flyers, scratch paper, copier/computer paper, manuals, tab cards, letterhead, paperboard packaging such as cracker boxes and soda boxes and phone books) should be placed in these containers for pick up by contractor personnel. Paper that is not collected includes laminated, carbon, photographic paper, tissues, napkins and paper cups/plates. Cardboard should be flattened and placed in recycle containers or flattened and stacked next to the container for removal. Building managers without paper containers should call 798-9785/9618/9767 to obtain them. Paper and corrugated materials will not be placed in refuse containers or dumpsters for disposal.

The Recycle Center
5225 Desert Storm Avenue
Open Monday through Friday, 0730-1600

Accepting the following materials: 

-Military Ammunition Cans

The Recycling Convenience Center:
Receives field trash after exercises and solid waste from on-post housing and activities. Recyclables from off-post personnel are also accepted. However, in accordance with local, state, and Federal laws, bringing household trash onto the installation is prohibited. If there are any questions regarding what may be brought to the recycle center, please call the number listed below.

Recycling Convenience Center (798-5695)
Located at Airborne Street & A Shau Valley Road
Hours of Operation:

Monday through Friday: 0830-1430
Saturday: 0800-1600
Sunday: 1200-1600
DONSA: 0800-1600

Containers are provided at the Recycling Convenience Center for the following:

-Scrap wood and yard debris
-Type 1 & 2 plastic containers
-Unpainted-non sensitive scrap metals
-Unused Field Ration Heaters 
-Scrap aluminum
-Food and beverage cans
-Cardboard
-White paper
-Mixed paper 
-Glass
-Used oil (non-military)
-Used antifreeze (non-military)
-Used automotive batteries from personal owned vehicles are also accepted
-Household hazardous materials, i.e., cleaning chemicals
-Printer ink cartridges
-Computers and computer peripherals

Pollution Prevention Operations Center (798-9771/1157)
2nd & Wickham
Hours of Operation: Monday through Friday 0700-1530

Items issued through the Pollution Preventions Operations Center (PPOC)/Hazardous Materials Control Center (HMCC) should be returned to the PPOC, unit or activity hazardous materials storage area when they are empty per a commanding general memorandum issued Feb.1999.

DLA Disposition Services - Campbell (Formerly DRMO) (270-798-4897/3295/3525)
Bldg 5212, 8th and Oregon
Item Turn-In Hours: Monday -Thursday, 0700-1200
Military items should be turned in to DLA Disposition Services - Campbell accompanied by the appropriate documentation.

Recycling Constr. & Demo. Debris

Woodlawn Construction and Demolition Landfill is located 5.73 miles SW of Gate 10 on Woodlawn Road.

Contractors are required to obtain a permit to use Fort Campbell’s Construction and Demolition Landfill. Contractors should bring a signed copy of their contract (one page order for supplies/services) to the Solid Waste/Recycling Program (Bldg 2186 on 13 ½ Street) in order to receive a permit. Permits will be valid for the length of the contract. Contractors will be only furnished one permit per truck that will unload at the landfill at one time. Contractors are responsible for retaining the permit and ensuring loads delivered under this permit do not include unacceptable materials.

Contract specifications require at least a 50% diversion of building materials such as wood, plumbing fixtures, electrical materials (lights and panels), windows, doors, toilet partitions, HVAC equipment, and scrap metals. Diversion can be accomplished by deconstructing the wooden buildings or moving the structure off- post. Construction specifications require a Waste Management Plan to be submitted and approved by DPW.

Concrete and masonry materials shall be ground up at the site or transported and stockpiled at the Woodlawn C/D landfill for future grinding. All ground up concrete and masonry products shall be used on post for road/parking lot surfacing or other uses or reused on the project site. Concrete and masonry materials to be ground up shall not have foreign items (doors, windows, piping, PVC items, toilet partitions, plumbing fixtures, etc) included that will render the ground up product un-useable. Concrete and masonry that is ground up on the site and is not reuses in the project shall be hauled to a location(s) as directed by the COR. Metals that are recovered as a result of grinding shall be separated and sold by DRMO as scrap metal.

Street surfacing (asphalt/concrete), sidewalks, curbs & gutters, etc shall be diverted in the same manner as concrete and masonry materials.

Underground utilities removed from the project site shall be delivered to DRMO for selling as scrap metal.

Any other firms or facility used by the contractor for recycling, reuse, and disposal shall be appropriately permitted for the contractor’s intended use, to the extent required by Federal, State, local and Army policies and regulations. All tonnage generated by reusing, returning, salvaging, or recycling materials shall be reported to the Solid Waste/Recycling Program.

Any construction and demolition waste disposal at an off post location shall be approved by the Solid Waste/Recycle Program office at Building 2186, 13 1/2 St & Indiana.

Restoration

Challenges
The land and water of Fort Campbell were not always treated with respect as they are today. Years ago solid waste management consisted of throwing household rubbish, fuel sludge and other toxins unceremoniously into a hole, or sinkhole, and covering them up. Those environmental mistakes do not just go away with time; eventually they show up in our soil, surface water or groundwater. The Installation Restoration Program (IRP) is on Fort Campbell to correct and/or prevent past, present and future environmental threats.

Environmental Challenges Met
The vast amount of training conducted on the installation presents extensive challenges for the environmental cleanup effort. The environmental mission of protecting lands while maintaining mission readiness requires striking a delicate balance. Fort Campbell's Installation Restoration Program recognizes that essential ingredients of reaching and maintaining this balance include seeking the cooperation and input of the community and other stakeholders, effective management strategies, and efficient clean up practices.Founded in 1996, Fort Campbell's RAB is one of the most active RABs in the Army. The RAB membership consists of 16 active members including representatives from the community (adjacent landowners, educators, chamber of commerce members, farmers, environmentalists, etc.), the installation, and regulatory agencies from Kentucky, Tennessee, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region IV.

The purpose of the RAB is to solicit community advice and comment on restoration issues: obtain community feedback on environmental interests and concerns; and act as a conduit for the exchange of information between the community, Fort Campbell and the environmental oversight agencies regarding the installation's restoration and other environmental programs.
The RAB is co-chaired by a representative from the community and Fort Campbell. For all who read this, please consider it an invitation to attend any or all RAB meetings or show your interest by contacting us at any time.

Satellite Accumalation Points (SAPS)

A Satellite Accumulation Point (SAP) is a location where hazardous waste or universal waste can be accumulated at the point of generation up to 6 months and cannot exceed a total of 55-gallons or 1 quart of acute HazWaste. The Satellite Accumulation Point management program reaches out to installation activities to assist with the management and operation of SAP's. The regulations of two states can be difficult to understand, but the SAP inspector is there to answer questions regarding the storage and handling requirements for hazardous waste.

The SAP program provides monthly compliance inspections and courtesy inspections. Certification courses are also available on a monthly basis. **Annual Training is a requirement to operate any SAP's** All members of Fort Campbell are welcome to attend the course--this includes contractor's, civilian personnel, and military personnel of any rank. All course materials are provided.

Hints from the Inspector

For more specific information on SAP's check out the online EQO SAP Handbook under Hazardous Waste Management
All lids must be tightly closed at all times, unless adding or removing. There are no exceptions.
Re-certification letters must be submitted annually.
Refresher training is a yearly requirement.

The benefits from this program include: a decrease in environmental violations--this means more money is available for combat readiness activities, an increase in the safety of our customers and their customers, and an awareness of environmental issues on the installation.

Spill Management

Spill management is everyone's responsibility. Fort Campbell is required by law to have spill management plans in effect to manage and remediate any spills that occur on the installation, this applies to the resident who changes and disposes the oil from his/her POV, to the unit managing thousands of gallons of fuel.

A spill containing hazardous materials/substances could be devastating to the surrounding environment and water supply. One gallon of oil that is spilled can contaminate one million gallons of water. Fort Campbell's complex geological setting compounds this. Better known as 'karst topography', the surrounding area is made up of sinkholes, caves, sinking streams, and underground rivers. If a release occurs and makes it way to these underground waterways, the contamination could spread to nearby counties and cause untold damage.

Compliance

To comply with all federal regulations regarding spills, Fort Campbell established a spill response team to assist the installation with a spill or release of hazardous substances. Programs are in place to provide spill awareness and prevention training, spill response materials, proper control/use of hazardous materials, and proper actions to be taken should a spill or release occur.

Fort Campbell has experienced sixty-six non-reportable spills and five reportable spills during 2004. The majority of the spills were petroleum, oils, or lubricants (POL), or JP8. Chemicals that are commonly involved in toxic pollution include elements such as mercury, arsenic, pesticides, and POL products.

Spill Prevention

Simply having knowledge can prevent most spills. Fort Campbell's Spill Management Program offers these guidelines: Preventative maintenance can go a long way. Use secondary containment whenever possible, use drip pans, inspect containers before use, and inspect vehicles for leaks. Maintain good housekeeping. Make sure containers are not set in high traffic areas. Plan for emergencies.

Understand your spill plan and have spill response materials in an accessible location. Be aware of the hazards involved with any chemical/hazardous material you may use or come into contact with.

Participate in the annual spill awareness training. This Guidance is provided by the Environmental Division.

Notification Procedures

You must report oil spills that are over 10-gallons, in an area greater than three feet by three feet, or any amount that is spilled into a stream or body of water. Please call 911.

Report any amount of spilled or released mercury or any uncontrolled quantity of a hazardous substance. If a spill or release should occur in your work area, or at home, above all, keep yourself, your family, and co-workers safe, and then call 911.

Fort Campbell's Pollution Prevention Operations Center (PPOC) is equipped with spill response material kits. Kits are specially designed for POL spills. The PPOC can specialize kits to meet unit-specific needs as well. The kits were created to assist units to manage environmental impacts during deployment, training, and maintenance operations.

If the spill or release occurs in a training area, call range control at 798-3001/798-4122 or on radio frequency 49.95 FM.

Remember all spills must be cleaned up and properly disposed of. Contact Environmental Division at (270) 798-9637 or 798-9601 for assistance as needed.

Storage Tanks

The storage tank program was created to meet the regulatory requirements of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).

Congress amended RCRA in 1984 to regulate certain types of USTs and amended again in 1986 to impose financial responsibility requirements on owners and operators. In 1988 the EPA issued extensive technical regulations implementing the UST provisions of RCRA. These regulations included performance standards for new and upgraded USTs, general operating requirements, release detection requirements, release reporting and investigation requirements, and tank closure requirements. The tank standards deadline was December 22, 1998. Here at Fort Campbell, we successfully met this deadline.

What is an UST?

An underground storage tank system (UST) is a tank and any underground piping connected to the tank that has at least 10 percent of its combined volume underground.

Why Be Concerned About UST's?

Until the mid-1980s, most USTs were made of bare steel, which is likely to corrode over time and allow the contents to leak into the environment. Faulty installation or inadequate operating and maintenance procedures also can cause USTs to release their contents into the environment. The greatest potential hazard from a leaking UST is that the petroleum or other hazardous substance can seep into the soil and contaminate groundwater. Because nearly half of all Americans depend on groundwater for their drinking water, leaking gasoline tanks represent a significant public health hazard. Leaking gasoline tanks can also present the risk of fire and explosion because vapors from leaking tanks can travel through sewer lines into buildings.
When the UST program began, there were approximately 2.1 million regulated tanks in the U.S. Today there are far fewer since many substandard UST systems have been closed. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that there are about 698,000 federally regulated USTs buried at over 269,000 sites nationwide (as of March 31, 2002)
In September 1999, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was monitoring about 370,000 Leaking UST sites in the United States. About 21,000 site cleanups were planned for fiscal year 2001.
How much gasoline does it take to contaminate drinking water? Not much. The benzene in a 10 gallon gasoline leak can contaminate about 46 million liters, or 12 million gallons, of water.

Threatened and Endangered Species

Fort Campbell possesses a diverse natural heritage. Its natural assets include a diverse flora and fauna, which contain over 500 species of plants, 171 birds, 63 fish, 28 amphibians, 26 reptiles, and 47 mammals. The reservation also contains several unique ecosystems. Its remnant tall grass prairies, known as barrens, are the largest continuous system known within the states of Kentucky and Tennessee. Currently 58 species are tracked by Fisheries and Wildlife personnel, of these, only the Indiana bat and gray bat are protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Fort Campbell has the responsibility to protect these natural resources and maintain healthy ecosystems for future generations. State and federal agencies provide technical guidance in managing these resources, but their survival depends upon informed and well-trained soldiers to help protect the unique natural diversity found within the reservation borders. Fort Campbell Fisheries and Wildlife program is responsible for stewardship of the reservation's wildlife resources to include threatened and endangered species. The program seeks to provide current, accurate, and useful information to trainers, managers, federal and state agencies, and the public concerning wildlife status and threatened and endangered species.

What is an Endangered Species?

Threatened and endangered species can be defined as any species that is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range or is in danger of extinction or extirpation throughout all or a significant portion of its range. Endangered species occur within all states and most every habitat within the United States.

How Are Species Listed?

To list a species, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service follows a strict legal process to propose and later adopt regulations that have the effect of law. The USFWS publishes notices of review that identify U.S. species considered as "candidates" for listing. A priority system, based upon degree and immediacy of threat and taxonomic factors, has been developed to direct efforts toward plants and animals with the greatest need for protection. Once a species has been chosen for listing, proposal letters of inquiry are sent to species experts, federal and state agencies, and other interested organizations and individuals. If biological information supports the decision to continue the listing process, a proposed rule is then published in the Federal Register. The public and any interested parties are encouraged to comment however, the comment period last only 60 days.

Why Save Endangered Species?

Here are some reasons: (taken from the USFWS web site) Protecting endangered species helps protect a healthy environment.

• A healthy environment for wildlife contributes to a healthy environment for people.
• Protecting endangered species and biodiversity saves species that may become important sources of new drugs, medicines, or foods.
• Endangered species are Nature's "911", an early warning system for pollution and environmental degradation that may someday affect human health.
• Endangered species are linked to environmental quality (such as endangered mussels as indicators of water quality.)
• Protecting endangered species helps protect sustainable economies and a good quality of life.
• States and localities with healthy environments attract residents and businesses interested in a good quality of life.
• Healthy environments sustain a variety of jobs (for example, commercial fishing, tourism, outdoor equipment and clothing. Loss of forests and degradation of rivers and streams (due to increased erosion and sedimentation) causes job losses for fishermen.)
• Unhealthy environments cost money. (Loss of wetlands can increase flooding and cost millions in flood losses.) Look for local examples in your areas that illustrate how protective measures for endangered species have contributed to a healthy economy based on a healthy environment.
• Some localities celebrate their endangered species to attract tourist revenue (for example, the Kirtland's warbler in Michigan, Festival of the Cranes in New Mexico).
• Protecting our Nation's heritage is a fundamental American value.
• Stewardship for the land and wildlife is a part of the American tradition, from President Theodore Roosevelt to the writings of Thoreau and Aldo Leopold.
• Protecting endangered species saves a part of nature for our children and grandchildren to enjoy.

Urban Forestry

Urban forestry is a specialized branch of forestry; it involves the management of trees and woody vegetation in urbanized areas. It includes the planning, maintenance, establishment, treatment of insects and diseases, conserving and designing of trees and shrubs in the landscape. Properly placed trees help keep the environment cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter, saving energy costs and helping reduce expenses at Fort Campbell. Tree canopies intercept rain water and filter out air pollutants allowing people to breathe easier while creating an aesthetically pleasing environment. Fort Campbell has approximately 9,500 acres in the cantonment area. Within this area there are over 31,000 trees that need to be cared for and managed. The landscape value of the trees is 58 million dollars, making the trees an asset worth caring for.

Read about tree myths that will affect the health and longevity of trees.

Urban Forest Management

The Forestry Section of the Conservation Branch has completed an Urban Forest Management Plan to help with the care and continued presence of trees. The plan outlines three areas of urban forest management: hazard tree risk assessment, tree maintenance, and tree planting.

Public safety is also a basic principle of urban forest management.

Hazard tree risk assessment will involve the inspection of areas with high pedestrian and vehicle traffic identifying tree with high potential to cause harm to persons or property. Hospital and housing areas are examples of high use areas. Trees with a high potential to fail will be evaluated and a maintenance recommendation will be made to deal with the situation.

The tree maintenance program involves pruning, treatment of insect and disease problems, removal, and protection of trees during construction. Maintenance is a perpetual activity in a tree’s life. The more care a tree is given the longer the tree will live healthy and free from defect. Educating people on the proper care of trees is part of the program. Making sure tree care workers are properly trained and use best management practices for treatment of Fort Campbell’s trees will be a point of focus in the program. Information on proper tree care can be found at The International Society of Arboriculture web site “Trees are Good”

The tree planting program is used to replace trees that have been removed because they are a hazard or dead, due to construction removal, or poor placement. The program is accomplished by planting replacement trees throughout areas under management by DPW. A goal of the program is to plant the right tree in the right place based on the soil type and amount of room a mature sized tree needs. Fort Campbell Family Housing hosts the annual Arbor Day celebration in the residential area and is responsible for planting and care in the family housing lease area.
The Tree City, USA award is given out by the National Arbor Day Foundation in partnership with the US Forest Service it recognizes communities that have an urban tree care program. Fort Campbell has earned the award every year since 2005.

More information on Tree City, USA

For more information on contact urban forestry or tree care questions contact 956-2452.

Water

The water management program has several pollution prevention initiatives in effect to prevent the contamination of Fort Campbell's drinking water, to reduce contamination at the waste water plant, and to ensure safe, clean drinking water.

Fort Campbell obtains its water supply from Boiling Spring, a large spring issuing from limestone rock and located adjacent to the Little West Fork of the Red River, which is a tributary to the Cumberland River. The area surrounding the spring, including a large part of the reservation and some off-base areas in both Tennessee and Kentucky, an area of approximately 126 square miles, has been designated as a Wellhead Protection Area. This includes an area of approximately 50 square miles, which is the Boiling Spring ground water basin.

The Wellhead Protection Area is protected by law from the threat of potentially polluting materials and activities that could result in contamination of Fort Campbell's drinking water supply. Examples of potentially polluting materials and activities include excessive application of pesticides and herbicides, unauthorized use and/or transport of hazardous materials, and illegal dumping of batteries, gasoline, or oil. Boiling Spring produces water at the rate of approximately five million gallons per day, which is piped to the Fort Campbell Water Treatment Plant, where it is processed. The water is then sent to five water storage tanks and the water distribution system to be delivered to 40,000 customers each day. Numerous safeguards are in place and working continuously to protect Fort Campbell's water. These safeguards include regular sampling to assure that the water remains pure and that an adequate chlorine residual is maintained, a cross-connection prevention program to protect the system, a flushing program, and requirements to disinfect new and repaired pipes to maintain the integrity of the distribution system.

Waste Water

Fort Campbell's Wastewater Treatment Plant, built in the 1940's and expanded in 1975, is a trickling filter system with the capacity to treat four million gallons of wastewater per day. The wastewater collection system consists of 62 sewage lift stations and 85 miles of associated collection piping. Treatment of wastewater includes primary treatment, secondary treatment, and effluent disinfection using ultraviolet treatment. The plant operates under an NPDES Permit, which authorizes discharge of effluent from the WWTP to Little West Fork Creek, and requires pretreatment of any wastewater that contains grease or oils.

Stormwater

At Fort Campbell, care is taken to prevent stormwater from becoming mixed with contaminants that are a product of industry and construction. An example of such industry at Fort Campbell would be a motor pool. An example of construction would be the building of new housing units. The Clean Water Act requires that operators of facilities, including federal installations, which discharge stormwater associated with industrial and construction activity, obtain permits under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and the Kentucky Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (KPDES) to control the quality of stormwater discharges and to ensure that no contaminants or pollutants are conveyed along with stormwater. Tennessee and Kentucky have issued NPDES/KPDES permits for stormwater discharges, and under those permits, Fort Campbell is required to develop and implement a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan for each industrial and construction site covered under the permit. On the installation there are 66 industrial sites and numerous construction sites that are monitored by the Stormwater Branch. Each individual site is responsible for implementing its Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan. In addition to contaminants arising from industrial and construction activities possibly affecting our watershed, urban stormwater runoff from housing areas also has the potential to carry contaminants (such as overused lawn chemicals and soapy water from washing cars in driveways, to name a few) into our storm drains and eventually into our streams, lakes and rivers. Therefore, care must be given to protecting storm drains in these areas as well. For more information, or to report suspected illicit discharges call the Environmental Compliance, Stormwater Branch at 798-9588 or the Ft. Campbell information number at 798-INFO, and remember, Only Rain in the Storm Drain.

Sinkholes

Fort Campbell is located in a geological area of karst terrain characterized by underground limestone rock of a cavernous nature. The surface of the ground over these underground caverns sometimes gives way and sinkholes form. Sinkholes vary widely in size, width, depth, and shape. A sinkhole may occur as a shallow depression in the ground surface or as a deeper cavity often with loose soil and rock. Potential for sinkhole formation increases during extreme weather conditions such as heavy rainfall, major runoff and even drought. A sinkhole may be a conduit to underground waters and thus represents a potential route for groundwater contamination or pollution. For this reason, sinkholes are classified by the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act of 1977 and its 1998 amendments as Class V injection wells and, as such, are subject to monitoring and, in some cases, permitting by the state of Tennessee. A sinkhole is a natural occurrence. When one forms on the installation, depending on the circumstance, the sinkhole might be permitted and repaired or simply monitored. However, because a sinkhole is an unstable area, it is difficult to stabilize permanently and it is subject to growing and reforming during periods of movement and settling. Because the ground around a sinkhole is unstable and subject to collapse it can be dangerous and should not be investigated on you own. If you discover a newly collapsed sinkhole on Ft. Campbell, please call the Environmental Compliance, Stormwater Branch at 798-9588 or the Ft. Campbell information number at 798- INFO.

Pretreatment

The Clean Water Act and the NPDES Permit require that certain contaminants be removed from wastewater before it is discharged to the wastewater collection system. Under this pretreatment requirement, wastewater contaminated with grease or oils must be treated to remove the grease or oil before the water can be discharged to the wastewater collection system. Oil and grease removal is accomplished primarily by oil/water separators and grease traps. As pretreatment, the oil/water separator removes oil and grease contaminants from surface water runoff before the water is released into the sanitary sewer system. Fort Campbell has 27 oil/water separators located at aircraft and vehicle maintenance and wash facilities throughout the installation. An additional pretreatment device, the grease trap, separates and retains suspended grease from wastewater before the water enters the sanitary sewer system. Grease traps are found at facilities where food is prepared such as mess halls, school cafeterias, child care facilities, and commercial food establishments. As a part of the pretreatment program, before being removed from service, fuel tankers and fuel containers must be purged to eliminate vapors and fuel residue. A strict protocol is followed to assure that no fuel reaches the wastewater system during the purging activity.