Authorization
The project was authorized by the River and Harbor Act of 1945.
Progress
Construction of the McNary project began in May 1947. All power units were in operation in February 1957. No significant investments have been made to improve the efficiency of the generating units since they were installed. USACE and the Bonneville Power Administration are working together to modernize McNary’s turbines and related systems to improve power availability and hydraulic capacity while taking advantage of the technology that has become available since the dam was built to improve turbine passage for fish.
Project
The project includes McNary Dam, Lake Wallula, powerhouse, navigation lock, two fish ladders and a system of levees and pumping plants. The project provides for slackwater navigation, hydroelectric power generation, recreation, wildlife habitat and incidental irrigation.
McNary Dam
The dam is 7,365 feet long, rising approximately 183 feet above the streambed. It consists of a concrete structure with an earthfill embankment at the Oregon (south) abutment. The spillway is a concrete, gravity-type spillway dam. It is 1,310 feet long, and contains 22 vertical lift gates, each 50 feet by 51 feet. The crest is at elevation 291 feet mean sea level and is designed to pass a flood of 2,200,000 cubic feet per second.
Reservoir
Lake Wallula lies directly behind McNary Dam. It extends 64 miles upstream to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site (about 27 miles above Pasco, Wash.), on the Columbia River. The lake also extends up the Snake River to Ice Harbor Lock and Dam. Lake Wallula has a water surface area of 38,800 acres with 242 miles of shore line.
Levees
The cities of Pasco, Kennewick, and Richland, Wash. are surrounded by 16.8 miles of levees. Drainage and groundwater levels landward of these levees are controlled by 15 pumping plants.
Generators
The powerhouse has fourteen 70,000-kilowatt hydroelectric generator units – a 980-megawatt total powerhouse capacity. One megawatt serves approximately 700 homes. At full capacity, McNary’s powerhouse can supply enough power for about 686,000 homes. During fiscal year 2015, more than 5.27 billion kilowatt hours of electricity were produced.
Navigation Lock
This is a single-lift lock, 86 feet wide by 683 feet long, with a 75 foot vertical lift. More than 5.05 million tons of commodities were passed through the navigation lock during 2015, consisting primarily of grains, petroleum products, fertilizer, wood products and miscellaneous cargo.
Fish Passage
There are two fish ladders for adult migrating salmon and steelhead to use. A new juvenile fish facility (JFF) and bypass system was completed in 1994. During 2015, about 1.9 million juvenile salmon and steelhead were collected at the JFF. In 2007, spillway weirs were installed in two spillway bays. The weirs are designed to create a surface-oriented route for juvenile salmon passage at the dam. In 2010, fish ladders were modified to better accommodate lamprey passage by providing continuous surface areas in locations where migratory stalling might otherwise occur. A further improvement to support adult lamprey passage was added in 2014, when a revised entrance was installed at the south shore fish ladder to improve entry conditions.
Lands
About 13,500 acres of project lands surrounding the lake are utilized for public recreation purposes, wildlife habitat, wildlife mitigation and water-connected industrial development. At the present time, about 2,400 acres are leased either to state or local park agencies. Port districts own approximately 1,500 acres within the project boundary for industrial development. Facilities operated by commercial concessionaires or boat clubs are available at eight locations. Public boat launching facilities are available at 14 locations along the shoreline. Visitation on Lake Wallula during 2015 was about 4.1 million.
People
More than 120 Walla Walla District employees work at the McNary Project. They serve as electricians, lock operators, painters, welders, riggers, utility workers, mechanics, biologists, environmental resource specialists, park rangers, heavy equipment operators, administrative staff, engineers and maintenance workers. Together, they ensure the safe and continuous operation of the project.
Budget
During fiscal year 2015, total expenditures were about $20.2 million for the McNary Project.