At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 -- which saw brother against brother as well as Jew against Jew -- there were 150,000 Jews in the United States. Three thousand fought on the side of the Confederacy and 6,700 for the Union.

In section 13 at Arlington, there are five Jewish soldiers who fought and died during the Civil War serving in the Union Army.

Moses Ezekiel, Confederate soldier. At the outbreak of the war, he was a cadet at Virginia Military Institute. The young cadets formed a battalion and fought in a few battles. After the war and upon graduating from VMI, he went to Europe to study art, and in time he became one of the 19th Century's greater sculptors. Later in his life, he was knighted by the King of Italy and the Kaiser of Germany. Upon his death in 1917, his remains were returned to Arlington where they now lay under the sculpture he created to honor his fellow Confederate soldiers. (section 16, site 0-E)

Arthur Goldberg, U.S. Air Force. He was a colonel in the Air Force. He was appointed Secretary of Labor during the Kennedy administration and later was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. He became ambassador to the United Nations and Ambassador at Large.

Adm. Hyman Rickover, U.S. Navy. "Father of the Nuclear Navy." (section 5, site 7000-NH)

Dr. Judith A. Resnik, Space Shuttle Challenger mission specialist and NASA astronaut. (section 46)

Three Rabbis who served as chaplains in the military: Capt. Joshua Goldberg, U.S. Navy. The first rabbi to be commissioned as a Navy chaplain in World War II and the first to reach the rank of captain. (section 2, site 226-A- 1)

Brig. Gen. Simeon Kobrinetz, U.S. Air Force. The first Air Force Jewish chaplain of general officer rank. (section 2, site E-71-RH)

Rear Adm. Bertram W. Korn, U.S. Navy. The first Jewish chaplain to attain flag/general officer rank in the U.S. Armed Forces. (section 2, site E-186-LH)

There is a memorial headstone for Rabbi Alexander D. Goode, U.S. Army, one of four chaplains who perished in 1943 aboard the transport ship Dorchester. (section MF, site 40-2)

Ambassador M. Robert Guggenheim, U.S. Army. He was appointed United States Ambassador to Portugal, 1953 -1954. Ambassador Samuel D. Berger, U.S. Army. Berger was assigned as ambassador to the Republic of Korea by President John F. Kennedy. (section 2, 4734-2)

Ambassador Samuel D. Berger, U.S. Army. Berger was assigned as ambassador to the Republic of Korea by President John F. Kennedy. (section 22, site 15032-D-1)

Lt. Col. Rachel (Rae) Landy, U.S. Army. She served in World War I and World War II. In 1913, as a young nurse, Landy went to Jerusalem to help start the Hadassah Hospital. (section 21, site 5-1)

Maj. Gen. Orde Charles Wingate, British Army. Although not Jewish, he is considered one of the more important people in Israel's history. As a major stationed in Palestine in the 1930s, he took pity on the new settlers, most of whom were from Eastern Europe and knew little of farming and nothing about defending themselves from the Arab bandits. Wingate helped train the early settlers in self defense. His unconventional military tactics were adopted by the Israeli Defense Forces. Generals Moshe Dyan and Yigal Allon were two of his prize students. In March of 1944, Wingate was commander of the British commando units in Burma. He and his staff were aboard a U.S. airplane traveling to attend a meeting. The plane crashed and burned in the jungles of Burma. Their remains were found later and returned to Arlington for burial in a common grave. (section 12, site 288)