The figure below shows the model time non-reciprocity in the USNO - NPL Ku-band TWSTT link. The simple GPS-type model is used to compute a path delay for each path (four total) between the ground and the satelite. The local solar time for each station is accounted for as are the appropriate up/down frequencies for each path. All four model ionospheric path delays were combined to produce the model non-reciprocity for each hour of the day. A value of the solar flux was chosen as 230. The example was computed for 1 May 2001.
This page is http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/twsttcal.html
(17 June 2001)