Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the United States recognized the independence of Moldova. The U.S. provides assistance to Moldova for infrastructure, education, commerce and other programs.

Moldova has accepted all relevant arms control obligations of the former Soviet Union. Moldova ratified the Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty, acceded to the provisions of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Biological Weapons Convention. It does not have nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons. Moldova has been involved in information exchange, trade and transportation, border control, and energy projects issues within this regional agreement.

There are Status of Forces, Military-to-Military, and Military-to-Civilian engagement agreements in place with Moldova. Additionally, the U.S. encourages Moldova to increase interoperability with NATO air and land forces  as well as partnering to advance border security, illicit trafficking, and counter-proliferation.