List of countries by research and development spending
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the List of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available. Only those nations which annually spend more than 100 million dollars have been included. World's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.[1]
Rank | Country | Expenditures on R&D (billions of US$, PPP) |
% of GDP PPP | Year | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
405.3 | 2.7% | 2011 | [2] |
2 | ![]() |
251.8 | 1.84% | 2011 | [3] |
3 | ![]() |
144.1 | 3.3% | 2011 | [2] |
4 | ![]() |
69.5 | 2.3% | 2011 | [2] |
5 | ![]() |
44.8 | 3.0% | 2011 | [2] |
6 | ![]() |
42.2 | 1.9% | 2011 | [2] |
7 | ![]() |
38.4 | 1.7% | 2011 | [2] |
8 | ![]() |
36.1 | 0.9% | 2011 | [2] |
9 | ![]() |
24.3 | 1.8% | 2011 | [2] |
10 | ![]() |
n123.8 | 1.0% | 2011 | [2] |
11 | ![]() |
19.4 | 0.9% | 2011 | [2] |
12 | ![]() |
19.0 | 1.1% | 2011 | [2] |
13 | ![]() |
19.0 | 2.3% | 2011 | [2] |
14 | ![]() |
17.2 | 1.3% | 2011 | [2] |
15 | ![]() |
15.9 | 1.7% | 2011 | [2] |
16 | ![]() |
11.9 | 3.3% | 2011 | [2] |
17 | ![]() |
10.8 | 1.6% | 2011 | [2] |
18 | ![]() |
9.4 | 4.2% | 2011 | [2] |
19 | ![]() |
8.3 | 2.5% | 2011 | [2] |
20 | ![]() |
7.5 | 2.3% | 2011 | [2] |
21 | ![]() |
6.9 | 1.7% | 2011 | [2] |
22 | ![]() |
6.9 | 0.7% | 2011 | [2] |
23 | ![]() |
6.9 | 0.9% | 2011 | [2] |
24 | ![]() |
6.4 | 0.4% | 2011 | [2] |
25 | ![]() |
6.3 | 3.1% | 2011 | [2] |
26 | ![]() |
6.3 | 2.2% | 2011 | [2] |
27 | ![]() |
6.2 | 0.7% | 2010 | [4] |
28 | ![]() |
5.1 | 2.4% | 2011 | [2] |
29 | ![]() |
4.2 | 1.6% | 2011 | [2] |
30 | ![]() |
3.8 | 1.4% | 2011 | [2] |
31 | ![]() |
3.7 | 0.7% | 2011 | [2] |
32 | ![]() |
2.8 | 1.2% | 2011 | [2] |
33 | ![]() |
2.75 | 0.85% | 2007 | [5] |
34 | ![]() |
n22.73 | 0.67% | 2007 | [5] |
35 | ![]() |
2.7 | 0.4% | 2011 | [2] |
36 | ![]() |
2.6 | 1.4% | 2011 | [2] |
37 | ![]() |
2.6 | 0.63% | 2010 | [6] |
38 | ![]() |
1.7 | 0.6% | 2011 | [2] |
39 | ![]() |
1.7 | 0.9% | 2011 | [2] |
40 | ![]() |
1.46 | 0.25% | 2010 | [6] |
41 | ![]() |
1.4 | 1.2% | 2011 | [2] |
42 | ![]() |
1.3 | 0.5% | 2011 | [2] |
43 | ![]() |
1.22 | 0.53% | 2007 | [5] |
44 | ![]() |
1.02 | 0.96% | 2007 | [5] |
45 | ![]() |
0.91 | 0.23% | 2007 | [5] |
46 | ![]() |
0.8 | 1.4% | 2011 | [2] |
47 | ![]() |
0.76 | 0.6% | 2007 | [5] |
48 | ![]() |
0.72 | 0.07% | 2010 | [6] |
49 | ![]() |
0.7 | 0.81% | 2007 | [5] |
50 | ![]() |
0.67 | 1.62% | 2007 | [5] |
51 | ![]() |
0.66 | 0.86% | 2007 | [7] |
52 | ![]() |
0.6 | 0.16% | 2007 | [5] |
53 | ![]() |
0.52 | 0.19% | 2010 | [6] |
54 | ![]() |
0.5 | 0.4% | 2011 | [2] |
55 | ![]() |
0.47 | 0.82% | 2007 | [5] |
56 | ![]() |
0.44 | 0.48% | 2007 | [5] |
57 | ![]() |
0.38 | 0.21% | 2007 | [5] |
58 | ![]() |
0.36 | 1.11% | 2007 | [5] |
59 | ![]() |
0.3 | 2.3% | 2011 | [2] |
60 | ![]() |
0.29 | 0.09% | 2007 | [5] |
61 | ![]() |
0.272 | 0.42% | 2007 | [5] |
62 | ![]() |
0.271 | 0.05% | 2007 | [5] |
63 | ![]() |
0.25 | 0.35% | 2007 | [5] |
64 | ![]() |
0.24 | 0.1% | 2007 | [5] |
65 | ![]() |
0.23 | 0.59% | 2007 | [5] |
66 | ![]() |
0.18 | 0.23% | 2007 | [5] |
67 | ![]() |
0.16 | 0.07% | 2007 | [5] |
68 | ![]() |
0.15 | 0.32% | 2007 | [5] |
69 | ![]() |
0.13 | 0.39% | 2007 | [5] |
70 | ![]() |
0.11 | 0.17% | 2007 | [5] |
71 | ![]() |
0.11 | 0.42% | 2007 | [5] |
72 | ![]() |
0.1 | 0.17% | 2007 | [5] |
[edit] Notes
- 1. ^ If you use Worldbank Data which gave Russia a higher GDP instead of the Data of the IMF which was used by Royalsociety, Russia would spent 30.1 Billion instead of 23 with the 1% spending for R&D. The Worldbank counted Russias GDP in PPP terms at 3015 Billion Dollars in 2011.[8]
- 2. ^ Pakistan spends 0.67% of its GDP (PPP) on R&D equaling to 2.73 billion dollars excluding the R&D undertaken by its military. The combined R&D spending is 0.9% of GDP (PPP) equaling to 3.67 billion dollars.[7]
[edit] See also
- Academic publishing
- Research and development
- Science and technology in Iran
- Science of science policy
- Science policy
[edit] References
- ^ http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/Influencing_Policy/Reports/2011-03-28-Knowledge-networks-nations.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am http://www.battelle.org/media/news/2011/12/16/battelle-r-d-magazine-annual-global-funding-forecast-predicts-r-d-spending-growth-will-continue-while-globalization-accelerates
- ^ http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rdpcgb/qgrdpcgb/t20121025_402845404.htm
- ^ "reporter: بودجه پژوهش در امورغير پژوهشي". Reporter.ir. 2010-12-25. http://www.reporter.ir/archives/89/10/006635.php. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001899/189958E.pdf
- ^ a b c d "The performance of research in Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. 2010-01-22. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/07/02/the-performance-research-indonesia.html. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
- ^ a b http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001899/189958E.pdf
- ^ http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2011+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc
|