List of countries by income equality
This article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. (November 2011) |
This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients, according to the United Nations (UN), the World Bank, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Because the underlying household surveys differ in method and in the type of data collected, the distribution data are not strictly comparable across countries.
The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the income—and everyone else has zero income). Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country. See: List of countries by distribution of wealth. Income from black market economic activity is not included and is the subject of current economic research.[1][2]
Contents
List[edit]
- Note: The table is sortable in various ways. Click the sort button cell at the top of the column you wish to sort. Click again to reverse the order of sorting. Reload the page to reset everything to its original format.
Key:
R/P 10%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%
R/P 20%: The ratio of average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%
Gini: Gini index, a quantified representation of a nation's Lorenz curve
UN: Data from the United Nations Development Programme.
CIA: Data from the Central Intelligence Agency's The World Factbook.
GPI: Data from the Global Peace Index.
Country | UN R/P 10%[3] |
UN R/P 20%[4] |
World Bank Gini (%)[5] |
WB Gini (year) |
CIA R/P 10%[6] |
Year | CIA Gini (%)[7] |
CIA Gini (year) |
GPI Gini (%)[8] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 27.8 | 2008 | 29.4 | 2008 | 60.0 | ||||
Albania | 7.2 | 4.8 | 34.5 | 2008 | 7.2 | 2004 | 34.5 | 2008 | |
Algeria | 9.6 | 6.1 | 35.3 | 1995 | 9.6 | 1995 | 35.3 | 1995 | |
Angola | 58.6 | 2000 | 62.0 | ||||||
Argentina | 31.6 | 17.8 | 36.4 | 2012 | 35.0 | 2007 Jan.-Mar. |
45.8 | 2009 | |
Armenia | 8.0 | 5.0 | 30.9 | 2008 | 25.8 | 2004 | 30.9 | 2008 | |
Australia | 12.5 | 7.0 | 30.5 | 2006 | 12.7 | 1994 | 30.3 | 2008 | |
Austria | 6.9 | 4.4 | 26.0 | 2007 | 6.8 | 2004 | 26.0 | 2007 | |
Azerbaijan | 9.7 | 6.0 | 33.7 | 2008 | 9.5 | 2001 | 33.7 | 2008 | |
Bahrain | 36.0 | ||||||||
Bangladesh | 7.5 | 4.9 | 32.1 | 2010 | 7.5 | 2000 est. | 33.2 | 2005 | |
Belarus | 6.9 | 4.5 | 26.5 | 2011 | 6.9 | 2002 | 27.2 | 2008 | |
Belgium | 8.2 | 4.9 | 33.0 | 2000 | 8.3 | 2000 | 28.0 | 2005 | |
Belize | 53.1 | 1999 | 49.2 | ||||||
Benin | 9.4 | 6.0 | 38.6 | 2003 | 9.4 | 2003 | 36.5 | 2003 | |
Bhutan | 38.1 | 2007 | 32 | ||||||
Bolivia | 93.9 | 42.3 | 56.3 | 2008 | 157.3 | 2002 | 53 | 2010 | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 5.4 | 3.8 | 36.2 | 2007 | 5.5 | 2001 | 36.2 | 2007 | |
Botswana | 43.0 | 20.4 | 61.0 | 1994 | 63 | 1993 | |||
Brazil | 40.6 | 21.8 | 54.7 | 2009 | 37.1 | 2007 | 50.8 | 2012 | |
Bulgaria | 7.0 | 4.4 | 28.2 | 2007 | 8.8 | 2005 | 45.3 | 2007 | |
Burkina Faso | 11.6 | 6.9 | 39.8 | 2009 | 11.5 | 2003 | 39.5 | 2007 | |
Burundi | 19.3 | 9.5 | 33.3 | 2006 | 19.3 | 1998 | 42.4 | 1998 | |
Cambodia | 12.2 | 7.3 | 37.9 | 2008 | 12.0 | 2004 | 37.9 | 2008 est. | |
Cameroon | 15.7 | 9.1 | 38.9 | 2007 | 15.4 | 2001 | 44.6 | 2001 | |
Canada | 9.4 | 5.5 | 32.6 | 2000 | 9.5 | 2000 | 32.1 | 2005 | |
Cape Verde | 50.5 | 2002 | |||||||
Central African Republic | 69.2 | 32.7 | 56.3 | 2008 | 68.1 | 1993 | 61.3 | 1993 | |
Chad | 39.8 | 2003 | 52.3 | ||||||
Chile | 26.2 | 15.7 | 52.1 | 2009 | 32.1 | 2003 | 52.1 | 2009 | |
China | 21.6 | 12.2 | 47.0 | 2007 | 21.8 | 2004 | 47.4 | 2012 | 46.9[9] |
Colombia | 60.4 | 25.3 | 55.9 | 2010 | 56.3 | 2008 | 58.5 | 2011 | |
Comoros | 64.3 | 2004 | |||||||
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
44.4 | 2006 | 55 | ||||||
Congo | 47.3 | 2005 | 56.2 | ||||||
Costa Rica | 23.4 | 15.6 | 50.7 | 2009 | 37.4 | 2003 | 50.3 | 2009 | |
Côte d'Ivoire | 16.6 | 9.7 | 41.5 | 2008 | 17.0 | 2002 | 41.5 | 2008 | |
Croatia | 7.3 | 4.8 | 33.7 | 2008 | 7.2 | 2003 est. | 32 | 2010 | |
Cuba | 30.0 | ||||||||
Cyprus | 29.0 | 2005 | |||||||
Czech Republic | 5.2 | 3.5 | 26.0 | 2005 | 5.2 | 1996 | 31.0 | 2009 | |
Denmark | 8.1 | 4.3 | 24.0 | 2005 | 12.0 | 2000 est. | 24.8 | 2011 est. | |
Djibouti | 40.0 | 2002 | |||||||
Dominican Republic | 25.3 | 14.3 | 47.2 | 2010 | 29.4 | 2005 | 47.2 | 2010 est. | |
Ecuador | 35.2 | 17.3 | 49.3 | 2010 | 17.5 | 2006 Oct.[10] |
47.7 | 2012 Dec.[11] |
|
Egypt | 8.0 | 5.1 | 30.8 | 2008 | 8.0 | 2000 | 34.4 | 2001 | |
El Salvador | 38.6 | 20.9 | 48.3 | 2009 | 55.4 | 2002 | 46.9 | 2007 | |
Equatorial Guinea | 65 | ||||||||
Estonia | 10.8 | 6.4 | 36.0 | 2004 | 11.0 | 2003 | 31.3 | 2010 | |
Ethiopia | 6.6 | 4.3 | 29.8 | 2005 | 6.5 | 2000 | 30.0 | 2000 | |
European Union | 30.4 | 2009 est. | |||||||
Fiji | 42.8 | 2009 | |||||||
Finland | 5.6 | 3.8 | 26.9 | 2000 | 5.7 | 2000 | 26.8 | 2008 | |
France | 9.1 | 5.6 | 32.7 | 2008 | 8.3 | 2004 | 32.7 | 2008 | |
Gabon | 41.5 | 2005 | 60 | ||||||
The Gambia | 20.2 | 11.2 | 47.3 | 2003 | 20.6 | 1998 | 50.2 | 1998 | |
Georgia | 15.4 | 8.3 | 41.3 | 2008 | 15.2 | 2003 | 46 | 2011 | |
Germany | 6.9 | 4.3 | 28.3 | 2000 | 6.9 | 2000 | 27.0 | 2006 | |
Ghana | 14.1 | 8.4 | 42.8 | 2006 | 13.7 | 1999 | 39.4 | 2005–2006 | |
Greece | 10.2 | 6.2 | 34.3 | 2000 | 10.4 | 2000 est. | 33.0 | 2005 | |
Guatemala | 33.9 | 20.3 | 55.9 | 2006 | 48.2 | 2002 | 55.1 | 2007 | |
Guinea | 10.5 | 6.6 | 39.4 | 2007 | 21.6 | 2006 | 39.4 | 2007 | |
Guinea-Bissau | 19.0 | 10.3 | 35.5 | 2002 | 84.8 | 1991 | |||
Guyana | 44.5 | 1998 | 26.0 | 1999 | 44.6 | 2007 | |||
Haiti | 54.4 | 26.6 | 59.2 | 2001 | 68.1 | 2001 | 59.2 | 2001 | |
Honduras | 59.4 | 17.2 | 57.0 | 2009 | 35.2 | 2003 | 57.7 | 2007 | |
Hong Kong | 17.8 | 9.7 | 53.3 | 2007 | 53.7 | 2011 | |||
Hungary | 5.5 | 3.8 | 31.2 | 2007 | 5.6 | 2002 | 24.7 | 2009 | |
Iceland | 28.0 | 2006 | |||||||
India | 8.6 | 5.6 | 33.4 | 2005 | 8.6 | 2004 | 36.8 | 2004 | |
Indonesia | 7.8 | 5.2 | 34.0 | 2005 | 7.9 | 2002 | 36.8 | 2009 | |
Iran | 17.2 | 9.7 | 38.3 | 2005 | 16.9 | 1998 | 44.5 | 2006 | 38.3[12] |
Iraq | 30.9 | 2007 | 42 | ||||||
Ireland | 9.4 | 5.6 | 34.3 | 2000 | 9.4 | 2000 | 33.9 | 2010 | |
Israel | 13.4 | 7.9 | 39.2 | 2001 | 11.8 | 2005 | 39.2 | 2008 | |
Italy | 11.6 | 6.5 | 36.0 | 2000 | 11.7 | 2000 | 31.9 | 2011 | |
Jamaica | 17.3 | 9.8 | 45.5 | 2004 | 17.0 | 2004 | 45.5 | 2004 | |
Japan | 4.5 | 3.4 | 38.1 | 2002 | 4.5 | 1993 | 37.6 | 2008 | |
Jordan | 11.3 | 6.9 | 35.4 | 2010 | 11.3 | 2003 | 39.7 | 2007 | |
Kazakhstan | 8.5 | 5.6 | 29.0 | 2009 | 8.0 | 2004 est. | 28.9 | 2011 | |
Kenya | 13.6 | 8.2 | 47.7 | 2005 | 18.6 | 2000 | 42.5 | 2008 est. | |
North Korea | 31.0 | ||||||||
South Korea | 7.8 | 4.7 | 31.3 | 2007 | 8.6 | 2005 est. | 41.9 | 2011 | |
Kuwait | 30 | ||||||||
Kyrgyzstan | 6.4 | 4.4 | 36.2 | 2009 | 6.4 | 2003 | 33.4 | 2007 | |
Laos | 8.3 | 5.4 | 36.7 | 2008 | 8.4 | 2002 | 36.7 | 2008 | |
Latvia | 11.6 | 6.8 | 36.6 | 2008 | 11.6 | 2003 | 35.2 | 2010 | |
Lebanon | 45 | ||||||||
Lesotho | 10.5 | 44.2 | 52.5 | 2003 | 48.2 | 2002 est. | 63.2 | 1995 | |
Liberia | 12.8 | 38.2 | 2007 | 38.2 | 2007 | ||||
Libya | 36.0 | ||||||||
Lithuania | 10.4 | 6.3 | 37.6 | 2008 | 10.3 | 2003 | 35.5 | 2009 | |
Luxembourg | 30.8 | 2000 | 6.8 | 2000 | 26.0 | 2005 | |||
Macedonia | 12.5 | 7.5 | 43.2 | 2009 | 12.3 | 2003 | 43.2 | 2009 | |
Madagascar | 19.2 | 11.0 | 44.1 | 2010 | 19.3 | 2001 | 47.5 | 2001 | |
Malawi | 10.9 | 6.7 | 39.0 | 2004 | 11.0 | 2004 | 39.0 | 2004 | |
Malaysia | 22.1 | 12.4 | 46.2 | 2009 | 28.0 | 2003 est. | 46.2 | 2009 | |
Maldives | 37.4 | 2004 | |||||||
Mali | 12.5 | 7.6 | 33.0 | 2010 | 12.6 | 2001 | 40.1 | 2001 | |
Malta | 27.4 | 2011 | |||||||
Mauritania | 12.0 | 7.4 | 40.5 | 2008 | 11.8 | 2000 | 39.0 | 2000 | |
Mauritius | 39.0 | 2006 est. | |||||||
Mexico | 21.6 | 12.8 | 48.3 | 2008 | 24.6 | 2004 | 51.7 | 2008 | |
Moldova | 8.2 | 5.3 | 33.0 | 2010 | 8.3 | 2003 | 38.0 | 2008 | |
Mongolia | 8.2 | 5.4 | 36.5 | 2008 | 8.2 | 2002 | 36.5 | 2008 | |
Montenegro | 30.0 | 2008 | 24.3 | 2010 | |||||
Morocco | 11.7 | 7.2 | 40.9 | 2007 | 11.9 | 1999 | 40.9 | 2007 est. | |
Mozambique | 18.8 | 9.9 | 45.7 | 2008 | 18.8 | 2002 | 45.6 | 2008 | |
Myanmar | 11.6 | 1998 | 40 | ||||||
Namibia | 12.8 | 56.1 | 63.9 | 2004 | 129.0 | 2003 | 59.7 | 2010 | |
Nepal | 15.8 | 9.1 | 32.8 | 2010 | 15.6 | 2004 | 32.8 | 2010 | |
Netherlands | 9.2 | 5.1 | 30.9 | 2007 | 9.2 | 1999 | 30.9 | 2007 | |
New Zealand | 12.4 | 6.8 | 36.2 | 1997 | 36.2 | 1997 | |||
Nicaragua | 31.0 | 8.8 | 40.5 | 2005 | 15.4 | 2001 | 40.5 | 2010 | |
Niger | 46.0 | 20.7 | 34.6 | 2008 | 44.3 | 1995 | 34.0 | 2007 | |
Nigeria | 17.8 | 9.7 | 48.8 | 2010 | 17.5 | 2003 | 43.7 | 2003 | |
Norway | 6.1 | 3.9 | 25.8 | 2000 | 6.0 | 2000 | 25.0 | 2008 | |
Oman | 32 | ||||||||
Pakistan | 6.5 | 4.3 | 30.0 | 2008 | 6.6 | 2002 | 30.6 | 2007–2008 | |
Panama | 49.9 | 23.9 | 51.9 | 2010 | 61.4 | 2003 | 51.9 | 2010 est. | |
Papua New Guinea | 23.8 | 12.6 | 50.9 | 1996 | 23.8 | 1996 | 50.9 | 1996 | |
Paraguay | 38.8 | 25.7 | 52.4 | 2010 | 65.9 | 2003 | 53.2 | 2009 | |
Peru | 26.1 | 15.2 | 48.1 | 2010 | 31.5 | 2003 | 46.0 | 2010 | |
Philippines | 15.5 | 9.3 | 43.0 | 2009 | 15.5 | 2003 | 44.8 | 2009 | |
Poland | 8.8 | 5.6 | 34.1 | 2009 | 8.7 | 2002 | 34.1 | 2009 | |
Portugal | 15.0 | 8.0 | 38.5 | 2007 | 9.2 | 1995 est. | 38.5 | 2007 | |
Qatar | 41.1 | 2007 | 39 | ||||||
Romania | 7.5 | 4.9 | 30.0 | 2009 | 7.4 | 2003 | 33.2 | 2011 | |
Russia | 12.7 | 7.6 | 40.1 | 2009 | 12.8 | 2002 | 41.7 | 2011 | |
Rwanda | 18.6 | 9.9 | 50.8 | 2011 | 18.2 | 2000 | 46.8 | 2000 | |
Sao Tome and Principe | 50.8 | 2001 | |||||||
Saudi Arabia | 32.0 | ||||||||
Senegal | 12.3 | 7.4 | 39.2 | 2005 | 12.4 | 2001 | 41.3 | 2001 | |
Serbia | 27.8 | 2009 | 28.2 | 2008 | |||||
Seychelles | 65.8 | 2007 | |||||||
Sierra Leone | 87.2 | 57.6 | 42.5 | 2003 | 87.2 | 1989 | 62.9 | 1989 | |
Singapore | 17.7 | 9.7 | 48.1 | 2008 | 17.3 | 1998 | 47.8 | 2012 | |
Slovakia | 6.7 | 4.0 | 26.0 | 2009 | 6.7 | 1996 | 26.0 | 2005 | |
Slovenia | 5.9 | 3.9 | 31.2 | 2004 | 5.9 | 1998 | 23.8 | 2011 | |
Somalia | 30 | ||||||||
South Africa | 33.1 | 17.9 | 63.1 | 2009 | 31.9 | 2000 | 65.0 | 2005 | |
South Sudan | 45.5 | 2009 | |||||||
Spain | 10.3 | 6.0 | 34.7 | 2000 | 10.2 | 2000 | 32.0 | 2005 | |
Sri Lanka | 11.1 | 6.9 | 40.3 | 2007 | 36.1 | 2003/04 fiscal year |
49.0 | 2010 | |
St. Lucia | 42.6 | 1995 | |||||||
Sudan | 35.3 | 2009 | 51 | ||||||
Suriname | 52.9 | 1999 | |||||||
Swaziland | 25.1 | 13.0 | 51.5 | 2010 | 25.4 | 2001 | 50.4 | 2001 | |
Sweden | 6.2 | 4.0 | 25.0 | 2000 | 6.2 | 2000 | 23.0 | 2005 | |
Switzerland | 9.0 | 5.5 | 33.7 | 2000 | 8.9 | 2000 | 29.6 | 2010 | |
Syria | 35.8 | 2004 | 42.0 | ||||||
Taiwan | 6.1 | 2002 est. | 34.2 | 2011 | |||||
Tajikistan | 7.8 | 5.2 | 30.8 | 2009 | 7.8 | 2003 | 32.6 | 2006 | |
Tanzania | 9.2 | 5.8 | 37.6 | 2007 | 9.3 | 2000 | 37.6 | 2007 | |
Thailand | 12.6 | 7.7 | 40.0 | 2009 | 12.4 | 2002 | 53.6 | 2009 | |
Timor-Leste | 31.9 | 2007 | 31.9 | 2007 est. | |||||
Togo | 34.4 | 2006 | |||||||
Trinidad and Tobago | 12.9 | 7.6 | 40.3 | 1992 | |||||
Tunisia | 13.4 | 7.9 | 41.4 | 2005 | 13.7 | 2000 | 40.0 | 2005 est. | |
Turkey | 6.6 | 4.6 | 39.0 | 2008 | 17.1 | 2003 | 40.2 | 2010 | |
Turkmenistan | 12.3 | 7.7 | 40.8 | 1998 | 12.2 | 1998 | 40.8 | 1998 | |
Uganda | 16.6 | 9.2 | 44.3 | 2009 | 16.4 | 2002 | 44.3 | 2009 | |
Ukraine | 5.9 | 4.1 | 26.4 | 2009 | 7.6 | 2006 | 28.2 | 2009 | |
United Arab Emirates | 31 | ||||||||
United Kingdom | 13.8 | 7.2 | 34.0 | 2005 | 13.6 | 1999 | 40 | 2008-2009 | |
United States | 15.9 | 8.4 | 45 | 2007 | 15.0 | 2007 est. | 45.0 | 2007 | |
Uruguay | 20.1 | 10.2 | 45.3 | 2010 | 17.9 | 2003 | 45.3 | 2010 | |
Uzbekistan | 10.6 | 6.2 | 36.7 | 2003 | 10.6 | 2003 | 36.8 | 2003 | |
Venezuela | 18.8 | 16.0 | 44.8 | 2006 | 50.3 | 2003 | 39.0 | 2011 | |
Vietnam | 6.9 | 4.9 | 35.6 | 2008 | 10.0 | 2004 | 37.6 | 2008 | |
West Bank and Gaza | 35.5 | 2009 | |||||||
Yemen | 8.6 | 5.6 | 37.7 | 2005 | 8.6 | 2003 | 37.7 | 2005 | |
Zambia | 54.6 | 2006 | 50.8 | 2004 | |||||
Zimbabwe | 50.1 | 1995 | 50.1 | 2006 | |||||
World | 12.0 | 2002 est. | 39 | 2007 |
OECD countries[edit]
Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers[edit]
Country | mid-70s | mid-80s | around 1990 | mid-90s | around 2000 | mid-2000s | Late 2000s |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | 0.467 | 0.476 | 0.465 | 0.468 | |||
Austria | 0.433 | 0.472 | |||||
Belgium | 0.449 | 0.472 | 0.464 | 0.494 | 0.469 | ||
Canada | 0.385 | 0.395 | 0.403 | 0.430 | 0.440 | 0.436 | 0.441 |
Chile | 0.541 | 0.514 | 0.526 | ||||
Czech Republic | 0.442 | 0.472 | 0.474 | 0.444 | |||
Denmark | 0.373 | 0.396 | 0.417 | 0.415 | 0.417 | 0.416 | |
Estonia | 0.504 | 0.458 | |||||
Finland | 0.343 | 0.387 | 0.479 | 0.478 | 0.483 | 0.465 | |
France | 0.380 | 0.370 | 0.473 | 0.490 | 0.485 | 0.483 | |
Germany | 0.439 | 0.429 | 0.459 | 0.471 | 0.499 | 0.504 | |
Greece | 0.448 | 0.426 | 0.446 | 0.466 | 0.454 | 0.436 | |
Hungary | 0.452 | 0.496 | 0.463 | 0.497 | 0.466 | ||
Iceland | 0.365 | 0.382 | |||||
Ireland | |||||||
Israel | 0.472 | 0.476 | 0.494 | 0.504 | 0.513 | 0.498 | |
Italy | 0.420 | 0.437 | 0.508 | 0.516 | 0.557 | 0.534 | |
Japan | 0.345 | 0.403 | 0.432 | 0.443 | 0.462 | ||
South Korea | 0.331 | 0.344 | |||||
Luxembourg | 0.383 | 0.427 | 0.421 | 0.454 | 0.482 | ||
Mexico | 0.453 | 0.532 | 0.517 | 0.491 | 0.494 | ||
Netherlands | 0.426 | 0.473 | 0.474 | 0.484 | 0.424 | 0.426 | 0.426 |
New Zealand | 0.408 | 0.468 | 0.488 | 0.484 | 0.473 | 0.455 | |
Norway | 0.351 | 0.404 | 0.426 | 0.447 | 0.410 | ||
Poland | 0.542 | 0.470 | |||||
Portugal | 0.457 | 0.436 | 0.490 | 0.479 | 0.542 | 0.521 | |
Slovak Republic | 0.458 | 0.416 | |||||
Slovenia | 0.452 | 0.423 | |||||
Spain | 0.461 | ||||||
Sweden | 0.389 | 0.404 | 0.408 | 0.438 | 0.446 | 0.432 | 0.426 |
Switzerland | 0.409 | ||||||
Turkey | 0.470 | ||||||
United Kingdom | 0.338 | 0.419 | 0.439 | 0.453 | 0.458 | 0.445 | 0.456 |
United States | 0.406 | 0.436 | 0.450 | 0.477 | 0.476 | 0.486 | 0.486 |
Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers[edit]
Country | mid-70s | mid-80s | around 1990 | mid-90s | around 2000 | mid-2000s | Late 2000s |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | 0.309 | 0.317 | 0.315 | 0.336 | |||
Austria | 0.236 | 0.238 | 0.252 | 0.265 | 0.261 | ||
Belgium | 0.274 | 0.287 | 0.289 | 0.271 | 0.259 | ||
Canada | 0.304 | 0.293 | 0.287 | 0.289 | 0.318 | 0.317 | 0.324 |
Chile | 0.527 | 0.503 | 0.494 | ||||
Czech Republic | 0.232 | 0.257 | 0.260 | 0.268 | 0.256 | ||
Denmark | 0.221 | 0.226 | 0.215 | 0.226 | 0.232 | 0.248 | |
Estonia | 0.349 | 0.315 | |||||
Finland | 0.235 | 0.209 | 0.218 | 0.247 | 0.254 | 0.259 | |
France | 0.300 | 0.290 | 0.277 | 0.287 | 0.288 | 0.293 | |
Germany | 0.251 | 0.256 | 0.266 | 0.264 | 0.285 | 0.295 | |
Greece | 0.413 | 0.336 | 0.336 | 0.345 | 0.321 | 0.307 | |
Hungary | 0.273 | 0.294 | 0.293 | 0.291 | 0.272 | ||
Iceland | 0.257 | 0.301 | |||||
Ireland | 0.331 | 0.324 | 0.304 | 0.314 | 0.293 | ||
Israel | 0.326 | 0.329 | 0.338 | 0.347 | 0.378 | 0.371 | |
Italy | 0.309 | 0.297 | 0.348 | 0.343 | 0.352 | 0.337 | |
Japan | 0.304 | 0.323 | 0.337 | 0.321 | 0.329 | ||
South Korea | 0.306 | 0.315 | |||||
Luxembourg | 0.247 | 0.259 | 0.261 | 0.258 | 0.288 | ||
Mexico | 0.452 | 0.519 | 0.507 | 0.474 | 0.476 | ||
Netherlands | 0.263 | 0.272 | 0.292 | 0.297 | 0.292 | 0.284 | 0.294 |
New Zealand | 0.271 | 0.318 | 0.335 | 0.339 | 0.335 | 0.330 | |
Norway | 0.222 | 0.243 | 0.261 | 0.276 | 0.250 | ||
Poland | 0.316 | 0.349 | 0.305 | ||||
Portugal | 0.354 | 0.329 | 0.359 | 0.356 | 0.385 | 0.353 | |
Slovak Republic | 0.268 | 0.257 | |||||
Slovenia | 0.246 | 0.236 | |||||
Spain | 0.371 | 0.337 | 0.343 | 0.342 | 0.319 | 0.317 | |
Sweden | 0.212 | 0.198 | 0.209 | 0.211 | 0.243 | 0.234 | 0.259 |
Switzerland | 0.279 | 0.276 | 0.303 | ||||
Turkey | 0.434 | 0.490 | 0.430 | 0.409 | |||
United Kingdom | 0.268 | 0.309 | 0.354 | 0.336 | 0.351 | 0.331 | 0.345 |
United States | 0.316 | 0.337 | 0.348 | 0.361 | 0.357 | 0.380 | 0.378 |
See also[edit]
General:
References[edit]
- ^ Underground economy and income inequality: two connected aspects in the oncoming context of Italian federalism. By Iacopo Odoardi and Carmen Pagliari. Vol. 15 No. 1, 2011. Global & Local Economic Review.
- ^ The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003. December 2004. By Friedrich Schneider (University of Linz and IZA Bonn). Institute for the Study of Labor.
- ^ Data show the ratio of the income or expenditure share of the richest group to that of the poorest. Human Development Report 2009, UNDP, accessed on July 30, 2011.
- ^ Data show the ratio of the income or expenditure share of the richest group to that of the poorest. Human Development Report 2007/2008, UNDP, accessed on February 3, 2008.
- ^ World Bank GINI index, accessed on November 24, 2011.
- ^ Data show the ratio of the household income or consumption share of the richest group to that of the poorest. Household income or consumption by percentage share (%), The World Factbook, CIA, updated on January 24, 2008. Note: To calculate the value given in the table for this article, the highest 10% value was divided by the lowest 10% value.
- ^ Distribution of family income - Gini index, The World Factbook, CIA, accessed on November 24, 2011.
- ^ Global Peace Index calculation incorporates UN Gini scores where available, so countries with a UN Gini calculation are left blank in this column. At [1] click on each country to see its Gini coefficient. Year is not given. "There are, nevertheless, some problems with the Gini-coefficient; there is a considerable lag in the publication of statistics for many countries suffers, forcing the Economist Intelligence Unit to estimate the coefficient for a sizeable proportion of the 153 countries in the GPI. These problems of measurement look likely to persist for the foreseeable future, and the use of other measures of income inequality may be more effective."
- ^ Stephen Young (2010) Geni Coefficient Nation Multimedia
- ^ Data for urban households only.
- ^ Data for urban households only.
- ^ http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf
- ^ a b Income distribution - Inequality — OECD Stats
Further reading[edit]
- "An Overview of Growing Income Inequalities in OECD Countries: Main Findings", Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Growing, OECD Publishing, December 2011, ISBN 978-92-64-11163-9, retrieved 6 December 2011 This book released with two titles, depending on country of publication. However, the ISBN remains the same
External links[edit]
- Global Peace Index Map of Gini data for 2007-2010
- Shadow economies all over the world : new estimates for 162 countries from 1999 to 2007. Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn, Claudio E. Montenegro. July 2010. World Bank.
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