Regional accreditation

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Regional accreditation is a term used in the United States to refer to educational accreditation conducted by any of several accreditation bodies established to serve six defined geographic areas of the country for accreditation of schools, colleges, and universities. Each regional accreditor encompasses the vast majority of public and nonprofit private educational institutions in the region it serves. They accredit (and therefore include among their membership) elementary schools, junior high schools, middle schools, high schools, and public and private universities, colleges, and institutions of higher education that are academic in nature.[1][2][3]

Contents

[edit] List of regional accreditors

The following are the regional accrediting agencies for educational institutions in the United States:[4][5]

Each regional agency has full accrediting authority for both grade schools (primary and secondary) and colleges (postsecondary), with the exception of the northwestern region, for which responsibility is divided between two separate accreditation agencies (Northwest Accreditation Commission for primary and secondary schools and the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities for colleges and universities).[6][7]

The U.S. Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation list a total of eight regional accreditation entities as recognized for higher education accreditation. Except for the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities, these are subdivisions within the regional agencies:[8]

  • The Middle States Commission on Higher Education, a component of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
  • Two subdivisions of the New England Association of Schools and Colleges: the Commission on Institutions of Higher Education and the Commission on Technical and Career Institutions
  • The Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools
  • The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges
  • Two subdivisions of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges: the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges and the Accrediting Commission for Senior Colleges and Universities

[edit] History

The regional accrediting agencies were established in the late 19th and early 20th century in response to a perceived need for better articulation between secondary schools and higher education institutions, particularly to help colleges and universities evaluate prospective students. [9][10] The New England Association was formed in 1885 by a group of schoolmasters of secondary schools. The Middle States Association formed in 1887.[9] The faculty of Vanderbilt University led the establishment of the Southern Association in 1895, and the North Central Association was organized the same year at a meeting of 36 administrators of midwestern schools, colleges, and universities.[9][10] The Northwest Association of Secondary and Higher Schools (predecessor of the two organizations that now serve that region) was formed in 1917 and the Western Association was founded in 1923.[9] Initially the main focus of the organizations was on accreditation of secondary schools and establishment of uniform college entrance requirements.[9][10]

[edit] Regional accreditation vs. national accreditation

Regionally accredited higher education institutions are predominantly academically oriented, non-profit institutions.[11][12][13] Nationally accredited schools are predominantly for-profit and offer vocational, career or technical programs.[11][12]

Every college has the right to set standards and refuse to accept transfer credits.[14] However, if a student has gone to a nationally accredited school, it may be particularly difficult to transfer credits (or even credit for a degree earned) if he or she then applies to a regionally accredited college.[12] A 2005 study by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) found that, in making decisions on credit transfer, about 84 percent of U.S. higher education institutions considered whether the sending institution is accredited, and many had policies stating that they would accept credits only from regionally accredited institutions.[15] About 63 percent of institutions told the GAO that they would accept credit from any regionally accredited institution, but only 14 percent similarly accepted credits from nationally accredited schools.[15] One reason given for regional institutions' reluctance to accept credits from nationally accredited institutions is that national accreditors have less stringent standards for criteria such as faculty qualifications and library resources.[15] Students who are planning to transfer credits from a nationally accredited school to a regionally accredited school are advised to ensure that the regionally accredited school will accept the credits before they enroll.[11][12][14]

In general, the names of U.S. post-secondary institutions and their degree titles do not indicate whether the institution is accredited or the type of accreditation it holds. Rules on this topic vary from state to state. Regulations of the Tennessee Higher Education Commission require that post-secondary institutions in the state of Tennessee must be regionally accredited to use the word "university" in their names, and that a school lacking regional accreditation may not use the word "college" in its name without adding a qualifier such as "career", "vocational", "business", "technical", "art", "Bible", or "Christian". Tennessee rules also specify that only regionally accredited schools can issue "liberal arts" degrees or degree titles such as Associate of Arts or Science and Bachelor of Arts or Science.[16]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Statement of Commitment by the Regional Accrediting Commissions for the Evaluation of Electronically Offered Degree and Certificate Programs, retrieved from University of Hawaii website, June 19, 2011. "The eight regional accrediting commissions ... assure the quality of the great majority of degree-granting institutions of higher learning in the United States." (Page i)
  2. ^ Catherine Finnegan, Aligning Information Technology with Academic Standards, Educause Center for Applied Research Research Bulletin, volume 2006, Issue 10, May 9, 2006. "Regional acceditors include among their membership nearly all community colleges and public and private colleges universities in the region that they serve." (Page 2)
  3. ^ Janice M. Karlen, Accreditation and Assessment in Distance Learning, Academic Leadership: The Online Journal, Volume 1, Issue 4, Fall 2003 (November 2003). "Most institutions rely upon one of the eight regional accreditation organizations for their accreditation status."
  4. ^ Regional Accrediting Organizations 2010-2011, Council for Higher Education Accreditation, accessed June 19, 2011
  5. ^ Regionally Accredited Colleges/Universities, State of Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, accessed June 19, 2011
  6. ^ http://www.nwccu.org/About/History/NWCCU%20History.htm
  7. ^ http://www.northwestaccreditation.org/our-history
  8. ^ Recognized Accrediting Organizations, Council for Higher Education Accreditation website, dated May 2011, accessed June 19, 2011.
  9. ^ a b c d e Fred F. Harcleroad and Judith S. Eaton (2005), "The Hidden Hand: External Constituencies and their Impact," Chapter 9 in Philip G. Altbach, Robert Oliver Berdahl, and Patricia J. Gumport, editors, American higher education in the twenty-first century: social, political, and economic challenges. Page 263. JHU Press. ISBN 0-8018-8035-1, ISBN 978-0-8018-8035-3.
  10. ^ a b c History of the North Central Association
  11. ^ a b c What is the Difference Between Regional and National Accreditation, Yahoo! Education website[unreliable source?]
  12. ^ a b c d Tussling Over Transfer of Credit, Inside Higher Ed, February 26, 2007 by Doug Lederman
  13. ^ Judith S. Eaton, Accreditation and Recognition in the United States, CHEA, 2008.
  14. ^ a b Demanding Credit, Inside Higher Ed, Oct. 19, 2005 by Scott Jaschik
  15. ^ a b c Government Accountability Office, Transfer Students: Postsecondary Institutions Could Promote More Consistent Consideration of Coursework by Not Basing Determinations on Accreditation, GAO-06-22, October 2005.
  16. ^ Tennessee Comptroller of the Treasury, Protecting Tennesseans from Education Fraud, March 2007. Page 7.

[edit] External links

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