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1. |
WorldWideScience.org Widget
WorldWideScience.org Widget
Science and Technology
multilingual, China, INIS, Italy, Ireland, ...
This widget searches a global science gateway connecting to scientific databases and portals from over seventy-five countries and international organizations . WorldWideScience.org was developed on behalf of the WorldWideScience Alliance and is maintained by the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information. The WorldWideScience Alliance, a multilateral partnership, consists of participating member countries and provides the governance structure for WorldWideScience.org. WorldWideScience Alliance Members: Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (CISTI) - Canada Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (ISTIC) - China VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) - Finland Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique (INIST) - France International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP) International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Health Service Executive (HSE) - Ireland German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB) - Germany Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) - Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) - Korea Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) - Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Venezuela Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - South Africa British Library - United Kingdom Science.gov Alliance - United States African Journals Online (AJOL) - Representing 24 African Countries International Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI)
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199 views | |
2. |
WorldWideScience.org
WorldWideScience.org
Science and Technology
multilingual, China, INIS, Italy, Ireland, ...
A global science gateway connecting to scientific databases and portals from over seventy-five countries and international organizations . WorldWideScience.org was developed on behalf of the WorldWideScience Alliance and is maintained by the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). The WorldWideScience Alliance, a multilateral partnership, consists of participating member countries and provides the governance structure for WorldWideScience.org. WorldWideScience Alliance Members: Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (CISTI) - Canada Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (ISTIC) - China VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) - Finland Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique (INIST) - France International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP) International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Health Service Executive (HSE) - Ireland German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB) - Germany Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) - Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) - Korea Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) - Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Venezuela Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - South Africa British Library - United Kingdom Science.gov Alliance - United States African Journals Online (AJOL) - Representing 24 African Countries International Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI)
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417 views | |
3. |
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 1991-1999
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 1991-1999
Population
China, psychotropic, El Salvador, ...
The Office of the Legal Adviser publishes the annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law to provide the public with a historical record of the views and practice of the Government of the United States in public and private international law. In his introduction to the Digest covering 1991-1999, then Legal Adviser John B. Bellinger, III, summarized its contents, stating in part: "During this period, for instance, the United States became party to important human rights treaties, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. International terrorist acts such as the bombing of Pan Am 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, posed new challenges, to which the United States responded through negotiation of new international terrorism conventions, efforts in both the UN Security Council and the International Court of Justice, and changes in U.S. domestic laws . . . . "Legal issues involving the use of force arose with U.S. participation in the Gulf War and the military intervention in the territory of the Former Yugoslavia, and were addressed in several instances before the International Court of Justice. U.S. participation in the peace process and in peacekeeping in areas as diverse as the Middle East, Bosnia, Kosovo, Somalia, and Haiti gave rise to both international and domestic legal issues. Major efforts were pursued in arms control and nuclear non-proliferation, including the establishment of the Korean Energy Development Organization. "The 1990s were an era of new international institutions and political structures. The United States was actively engaged, for instance, in the Security Council's creation of the international criminal tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda and the UN Mission in Kosovo, and in the negotiation stage of the establishment of the International Criminal Court. In the area of trade, the United States was deeply involved in the establishment of the World Trade Organization and the conclusion of the North American Free Trade Agreement. The breakup of the Soviet Union was only the biggest example of geo-political changes with a wide range of legal implications for the United States and other countries. In other fields, to list only a few examples, after completion of the 1994 Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI, the President transmitted both the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention and the 1994 Agreement to the Senate for advice and consent. Maritime interdiction of aliens and other aspects of immigration and naturalization generated important legal issues. Cases concerning the right of aliens in the United States to consular notification arose in U.S. courts and the International Court of Justice. . . ."
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207 views | |
4. |
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2000
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2000
Population
China, capital punishment, psychotropic, ...
The Office of the Legal Adviser publishes the annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law to provide the public with a historical record of the views and practice of the Government of the United States in public and private international law. The 2000 volume covers significant legal developments that occurred during 2000. The edition provides documentary excerpts and other information concerning developments in the areas of nationality, citizenship, and immigration (chapter 1); consular and judicial assistance and related issues (chapter 2), international criminal law (chapter 3); treaties and other international agreements (chapter 4); federal foreign affairs authority (chapter 5); human rights and humanitarian law (chapter 6); international organizations and multilateral institutions (chapter 7); international claims and state responsibility (chapter 8); diplomatic relations, continuity and succession of states (chapter 9); immunities and related issues (chapter 10); trade, commercial relations, investment and transportation (chapter 11); territorial regimes and related issues (chapter 12); environment and other transnational scientific issues (chapter 13); private international law (chapter 14); sanctions (chapter 15); and use of force and arms control (chapter 16). In his introduction to the 2000 Digest, then Legal Adviser William H. Taft IV provided an overview of the methodology used in preparing the volume and the history of the Digest.
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203 views | |
5. |
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2002
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2002
Population
China, capital punishment, psychotropic, ...
The Office of the Legal Adviser publishes the annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law to provide the public with a historical record of the views and practice of the Government of the United States in public and private international law. "In his introduction to the 2002 volume, then Legal Adviser William H. Taft IV stated in part: "Calendar year 2002 gave rise to a broad range of significant and sometimes novel issues of international law. Many developments again highlighted the need to protect our national security against a different kind of enemy through the use of force in self-defense, non-proliferation and arms control efforts, the detention of unlawful enemy combatants and establishment of military commissions, continued counter-terrorism efforts, the imposition of sanctions, and the freezing of governmental assets, sometimes made available for payment of claims by individuals against terrorist states. At the same time, there were notable developments in non-confrontational contexts, including the fields of human rights, trade and investment, law of the sea, international claims and state responsibility, treaty practice, and international crime. . . ."
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176 views | |
6. |
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2003
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2003
Population
China, capital punishment, psychotropic, ...
The Office of the Legal Adviser publishes the annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law to provide the public with a historical record of the views and practice of the Government of the United States in public and private international law. In his introduction to the 2003 volume, then Legal Adviser William H. Taft IV stated in part: "The year 2003 witnessed a number of significant developments in the field of international law. The military campaign to oust Saddam Hussein and his regime in Iraq and the continuing effort to locate Osama bin Laden and his supporters gave rise to many important legal issues, including those related to the lawful use of force, the response to international terrorism, and compliance with international humanitarian law. Beyond Iraq and Afghanistan, of course, many other situations affecting international security and stability generated complicated and sensitive issues for the world community and its lawyers. . . ." "The year was also marked by a series of significant cases and decisions in domestic courts and international tribunals related to international law and practice. The International Court of Justice in The Hague handed down its decision on preliminary measures in the Avena case brought by Mexico under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, as well as its judgment in the Oil Platforms case (Iran v. United States). By agreement the Lockerbie case (Libya v. United States) before the ICJ was discontinued. Ongoing litigation in our domestic courts concerned fundamental issues arising under two important U.S. statutes, the Alien Tort Statute of 1789 and the 1976 Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act. Other cases began to address issues related to the status and rights of detainees in Guantanamo and the United States. Significant decisions were rendered in several cases by NAFTA tribunals. And the United States made several major submissions in government-to-government and interpretative cases pending before the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal. We were also active in bringing and defending claims under the dispute resolution mechanisms of the WTO. . . ."
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209 views | |
7. |
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2004
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2004
Population
China, capital punishment, psychotropic, ...
The Office of the Legal Adviser publishes the annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law to provide the public with a historical record of the views and practice of the Government of the United States in public and private international law. "In his introduction to the 2004 volume, then Legal Adviser John B. Bellinger, III, stated in part: "Significant legal issues arose throughout 2004 related to the response to international terrorism, compliance with international human rights and humanitarian law, and arms control and nonproliferation throughout the world, including Iraq and Afghanistan, Israel, Gaza and the West Bank, North Korea, Iran, Libya and Sudan. To provide but a few examples, the United States entered into the first agreements under the Proliferation Security Initiative, Secretary Powell testified to the commission of genocide in Darfur, and the U.S. Supreme Court issued two decisions relating to detention of enemy combatants. "The United States also continued to be actively engaged, through negotiation of treaties, arbitrations, diplomatic initiatives, and domestic litigation, in legal issues related to global challenges including international criminal law, the law of the sea, environment, trade and investment, consular functions, privileges and immunities, international claims and state responsibility, commercial and family law, treaty practice, cultural property, and sanctions. In 2004, among other things, the United States undertook to implement a judgment of the International Court of Justice in Avena and other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States) concerning U.S. violations of Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, and the U.S. Supreme Court issued opinions concerning retroactivity of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and international law violations providing a cause of action under the Alien Tort Statute. . . ."
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210 views | |
8. |
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2006
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2006
Population
China, capital punishment, psychotropic, ...
The Office of the Legal Adviser publishes the annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law to provide the public with a historical record of the views and practice of the Government of the United States in public and private international law. In his introduction to the 2006 Digest, Legal Adviser John B. Bellinger, III, stated in part: "During 2006 my colleagues and I continued to engage our international partners in intensive discussions about the appropriate legal framework for the detention and treatment of international terrorists. . . . Armed conflicts during the year including those involving Israel, Lebanon, the Palestinian Authority, and Iraq raised other issues related to the law of war. "The United States welcomed the International Committee of the Red Cross' study on the customary international law of the law of war and provided what we believe are constructive initial comments on certain aspects of methodology that raise questions about the study's conclusions. "But these issues were, of course, only one facet of the office's practice during the year. The United States dispatched to Geneva two separate large, senior-level interagency delegations to present and discuss with the UN Committee Against Torture and the Human Rights Committee U.S. implementation of its obligations under the Convention Against Torture and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. . . . "The office continued to play a leading role in the development of U.S. treaty law and practice. . . . "In U.S. courts, the year saw further developments related to the applicability of the Alien Tort Statute, U.S. consular notification obligations under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, and the scope of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, including several Supreme Court decisions on consular notification and immunities. . . ."
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204 views | |
9. |
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2007
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2007
Population
China, capital punishment, psychotropic, ...
The Office of the Legal Adviser publishes the annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law to provide the public with a historical record of the views and practice of the Government of the United States in public and private international law. In his introduction to the 2007 Digest, then Legal Adviser John B. Bellinger, III, stated in part: "During 2006 my colleagues and I continued to engage our international partners in intensive discussions about the appropriate legal framework for the detention and treatment of international terrorists. . . . Armed conflicts during the year including those involving Israel, Lebanon, the Palestinian Authority, and Iraq raised other issues related to the law of war. "The United States welcomed the International Committee of the Red Cross' study on the customary international law of the law of war and provided what we believe are constructive initial comments on certain aspects of methodology that raise questions about the study's conclusions. "But these issues were, of course, only one facet of the office's practice during the year. The United States dispatched to Geneva two separate large, senior-level interagency delegations to present and discuss with the UN Committee Against Torture and the Human Rights Committee U.S. implementation of its obligations under the Convention Against Torture and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. . . . "The office continued to play a leading role in the development of U.S. treaty law and practice. . . . "In U.S. courts, the year saw further developments related to the applicability of the Alien Tort Statute, U.S. consular notification obligations under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, and the scope of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, including several Supreme Court decisions on consular notification and immunities. . . ."
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189 views | |
10. |
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2008
Digest of United States Practice in International Law 2008
Population
China, capital punishment, psychotropic, ...
The Office of the Legal Adviser publishes the annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law to provide the public with a historical record of the views and practice of the Government of the United States in public and private international law. The 2008 volume covers significant legal developments that occurred during 2008. In his introduction to the volume, Legal Adviser Harold Hongju Koh stated in part: "This volume provides a historical record of developments occurring during the period when my predecessor, John B. Bellinger, III, served as Legal Adviser. . . . "Significant legal developments occurred throughout 2008, including ones relating to international terrorism and piracy, conflict resolution, nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, and international human rights and humanitarian law. For example, the UN Security Council, with U.S. leadership, adopted resolutions authorizing the use of force to repress piracy off the Somali coast, a resolution maintaining and strengthening the Somali arms embargo, and a resolution reauthorizing the African Union peacekeeping mission to Somalia. The United States concluded a strategic framework agreement and a status of forces agreement with Iraq, an agreement for nuclear cooperation with India, and a comprehensive claims settlement agreement with Libya. In the area of human rights, the United States made its first appearance before the Committee on the Rights of the Child, which met to consider the initial U.S. reports on U.S. implementation of the two optional protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child . . . . "In 2008, by negotiating and concluding treaties, pursuing other diplomatic initiatives, and participating in arbitration and litigation, the United States also remained actively engaged in the development of international law. . . ."
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338 views |
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