Imported Fire Ant and Household Insects : People & Places

David H. Oi

Research Entomologist

Telephone: (352) 374-5987
Fax: (352) 374-5818
E-mail: david.oi@ars.usda.gov
http://www.ars.usda.gov/saa/cmave/ifahi/doi

Research Specialties

Biological control of imported fire ants with emphasis on the use of insect pathogens.
Development of integrated pest management strategies to control pest ants.

Education

Ph.D. Entomology. University of California, Riverside (1987).
M.S. Entomology. University of Hawaii, Manoa (1983).
B.S. Horticulture. University of Hawaii, Manoa (1980).

Professional Experience

1998 - Present
Research Entomologist, UDSA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida; Courtesy & Graduate Faculty, Entomology & Nematology Dept., Univ. of Florida 2002 - Present.

1995 - 1997
Affiliate Faculty, Auburn University, Department of Entomology, Auburn, Alabama.

1992 - 1995
Postdoctoral Research Associate, USDA-ARS, Medical & Veterinary Entomology Research Lab., Gainesville, Florida.

1990 - 1992
Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Florida, Entomology & Nematology Dept., Gainesville, Florida.

1989 - 1990
Entomologist/Insectary Supervisor, Mauna Loa Macadamia Nut Corp., Hilo, Hawaii.

Significant Invitations (last 10 years)

National Pest Management Assoc. National Convention, Honolulu, Hawaii, Oct. 21, 2010. "Ants go marching millions by millions: Invasive ant research"
Biological Control for Nature Conference, Northampton, MA Oct. 5, 2010 symposium presentation: "Microsporidian and viral pathogens for the biological control of imported fire ants: can we walk the talk?".
Society for Invertebrate Pathology 42nd Annual Meeting, Park City, Utah Aug. 17, 2009 symposium presentation: "Epizootiology of Microsporidia".
Federation of Asian & Oceanic Pest Managers Convention, Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 14, 2007 "Evolution of Fire Ant Control".
Symposium on Vision for Taiwan Plant Protection Development, Taichung, Taiwan, Nov. 10, 2007 "Areawide Suppression of Fire Ants".
Society for Invertebrate Pathology 40TH Annual Meeting of the, Quebec City, Canada, Aug. 16, 2007. symposium presentation "Thelohania solenopsae as a factor of fire ant populations".
Entomological Society of America national meeting, Indianapolis, IN, Dec. 10, 2006. Section symposium presentation: "Biological control of fire ants with microsporidian pathogens".
National Pest Management Assoc. National Convention, Grapevine, Texas Oct. 28, 2006. "Fire Ant Biological Control".
Society for Invertebrate Pathology 38th Annual Mtg., Anchorage, Alaska, Aug. 9, 2005. symposium presentation "Effect of monogyne and polygyne social forms on transmission and spread of microsporidia in fire ant populations".
National Pest Management Assoc. National Convention, Honolulu, Hawaii Oct. 22, 2004. "Fire Ants and Other Invasive Ants: Strategies for Short and Long Term Control".
Pest Control Technology Ant Management Summit, Atlanta, Georgia, March 11, 2004. "The Real World: The Latest in Ant Research".
S-301 Southern Regional Research Project: Development, Evaluation and Safety of Entomopathogens for Control of Arthropod Pests annual meeting, Gainesville, Florida, Feb. 22, 2004. "Thelohania solenopsae as a classical biological control for imported fire ants".
Association of Structural Pest Control Regulatory Officials annual meeting, Sacramento, California, Aug. 25, 2003. "Ants…The Growing Menace!".
Pacific Entomology Conference: 10th annual conference of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, Feb. 19, 2003. "Fire ant pathogen Thelohania solenopsae as a model for utilizing entomopathogens for ant control".
Entomological Society of America annual meeting, symposium, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Nov. 20, 2002. "IPM of pest ants: behavioral modification as a critical component".
Entomological Society of America annual meeting, Formal Conference: Low Impact Methods of Urban IPM, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Nov. 19, 2002. "Introduction and spread of biological control organisms for fire ants".
Southeast Pest Management Conference, Gainesville, Florida, May 7, 2001. "Household Ants".
S-303 Southern Regional Project: Biological Control of Arthropod Pests and Weeds annual meeting, Augusta, Georgia, March 4, 2001. "Fire ant biological control at the USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology".
National Pest Management Assoc. 4th Annual Southern Conf., Tunica, Mississippi Feb. 9, 2001. "Fire Ants".

Refereed Publications

2010

Allen, C., J. A. Briano, L. Varone, D. H. Oi, and S. M. Valles. 2010. Exploitation of a high genomic mutation rate in Solenopsis invicta virus 1 to infer demographic information about its host, Solenopsis invicta. J. Invert. Path. 105: 105-111.

Ascunce, M. S., S. M. Valles, D. H. Oi, D. D. Shoemaker, R. M. Plowes, L. E. Gilbert, E. G. Lebrun, H. Sanchez-Arroyo, and S. Sanchez-Pena. 2010. Molecular diversity of the microsporidium Kneallhazia solenopsae reveals an expanded host range among fire ants in North America. J. Invert. Pathol. 105: 279-288.

Oi, D. H., S. M. Valles, and J. A. Briano. 2010. Laboratory host specificity testing of the fire ant microsporidian pathogen Vairimorpha invictae (Microporidia: Burenellidae). Biological Control 53: 331-336.

Valles, S. M., D. H. Oi, and S. D. Porter. 2010. Seasonal variation and the co-occurrence of four pathogens and a group of parasites among monogyne and polygyne fire ant colonies. Biol. Control 54: 342-348.

Yang, C. C., Y. C. Yu, S. M. Valles, D. H. Oi, Y. C. Chen, D. D. Shoemaker, W. J. Wu, and C. J. Shih. 2010. Loss of microbial (pathogen) infections associated with recent invasions of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Biol. Invasions 12: 3307-3318.

2009

Oi, D. H., and B. M. Drees. 2009. Fire ant IPM, pp. 390-401. In E. B. Radcliffe, W. D. Hutchison and R. E. Cancelado [eds.], Integrated Pest Management: Concepts, tactics, strategies and case studies. Cambridge, New York.

Oi, D. H., S. D. Porter, S. M. Valles, J. A. Briano, and L. A. Calcaterra. 2009. Pseudacteon decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae): Are they potential vectors of the fire ant pathogens Kneallhazia (=Thelohania) solenopsae (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) and Vairimorpha invictae (Microsporidia: Burenellidae)? Biol. Control 48: 310-315.

Oi, D. H., and S. M. Valles. 2009. Fire ant control with entomopathogens in the USA, pp. 237-257. In A. E. Hajek, T. R. Glare and M. O'Callaghan [eds.], Use of microbes for control and eradication of invasive arthropods. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Valles, S. M., D. H. Oi, and S. D. Porter. 2009. Kneallhazia (=Thelohania) Solenopsae infection rate of Pseudacteon curvatus flies determined by multiplex PCR. Florida Entomol. 92: 344-349.

2008

Oi, D. H. 2008. Pharaoh ants and fire ants, pp. 175-209. In X. Bonnefoy, H. Kampen and K. Sweeney [eds.], Public Health Significance of Urban Pests. World Health Organization, Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Oi, D. H., D. F. Williams, R. M. Pereira, P. Horton, T. S. Davis, A. H. Hyder, H. T. Bolton, Z. B.C., S. D. Porter, A. L. Hoch, M. L. Boswell, and G. Williams. 2008. Combining biological and chemical controls for the management of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Amer. Entomol. 54: 44-53.

Valles, S. M., R. M. Pereira, W. B. Hunter, D. H. Oi, C. A. Strong, P. M. Dang, and D. F. Williams. 2008. Solenopsis invicta viruses. United States Patent, Patent No. US 7,332,176 B1, Feb. 19, 2008

Valles, S. M., C. A. Strong, W. B. Hunter, P. M. Dang, R. M. Pereira, D. H. Oi, and D. F. Williams. 2008. Expressed sequence tags from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta: Annotation and utilization for discovery of viruses. J. Invert. Pathol. 99: 74-81.

2007

Porter, S. D., S. M. Valles, T. S. Davis, J. A. Briano, L. A. Calcaterra, D. H. Oi, and A. Jenkins. 2007. Host range of the microsporidian pathogen Vairimorpha invictae at three field sites in Argentina. Florida Entomol. 90: 447-452.

Valles, S. M., C. A. Strong, D. H. Oi, S. D. Porter, R. M. Pereira, R. Vander Meer, Y. Hashimoto, L. M. Hooper-Bui, H. Sanchez-Arroyo, T. Davis, V. Karpakakunjaram, K. M. Vail, L. C. Graham, J. A. Briano, L. A. Calcaterra, L. E. Gilbert, R. Ward, K. Ward, J. B. Oliver, G. Taniguchi, and D. C. Thompson. 2007. Phenology, distribution, and host specificity of Solenopsis invicta virus-1. J. of Invert. Pathol. 96: 18-27.

Vander Meer, R. K., R. M. Pereira, S. D. Porter, S. M. Valles, and D. H. Oi. 2007. Area-wide supression of invasive fire ant Solenopsis spp. populations, pp. 487-496. In M. J. B. Vreysen, A. S. Robinson and J. Hendrichs [eds.], Area-wide control of insect pests.

2006

Drees, B. M., B. Vinson, R. E. Gold, M. E. Merchant, E. Brown, K. Engler, M. Keck, P. Nester, D. Kostroun, K. Flanders, F. Graham, D. Pollet, L. Hooper-Bui, P. Beckley, P. M. Horton, T. Davis, W. Gardner, K. Loftin, K. Vail, R. Wright, W. Smith, D. C. Thompson, J. Kabashima, L. Blake, P. Koehler, D. Oi, and A. M. Callcott. 2006. Managing imported fire ants in urban areas. Texas Cooperative Extension, The Texas A&M University System, 22p.

Oi, D. H. 2006. Effect of mono- and polygyne social forms on transmission and spread of a microsporidium in fire ant populations. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 92: 146-151.

Oi, D. H., and F. M. Oi. 2006. Speed of efficacy and delayed toxicity characteristics of fast-acting fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) baits. J. Econ. Entomol. 99: 1739-1748.

2005

Fuxa, J. R., Y. Y. Sokolova, M. L. Milks, A. R. Richter, D. F. Williams, and D. H. Oi. 2005. Prevalence, spread, and effects of the microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae released into populations with different social forms of the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Environ. Entomol. 34: 1139-1149.

Oi, D. H., J. A. Briano, S. M. Valles, and D. F. Williams. 2005. Transmission of Vairimorpha invictae (Microsporidia: Burenellidae) infections between red imported Wre ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) colonies. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 88: 108-115.

2004

Oi, D. H. 2004. Ants, pp. 120-126. In J. L. Capinera [ed.], Encyclopedia of Entomology. KluwerAcademic Publishers, Norwell, MA.

Oi, D. H., S. M. Valles, and R. M. Pereira. 2004. Prevalence of Theolohania solenopsae (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) infection in monogyne and polygyne red imported fire ant (Hymenopera: Formicidae). Environ. Entomol. 33: 340-345.

Oi, D. H., C. A. Watson, and D. F. Williams. 2004. Monitoring and management of red Imported fire ant in a tropical fish farm. Florida Entomol. 87: 522-527.

Valles, S. M., D. H. Oi, J. A. Briano, and D. F. Williams. 2004. Simultaneous setection of Vairimorpha invictae (Microsporidia: burenellidae) and Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) in fire ant by PCR. Florida Entomol. 87: 85-87.

Valles, S. M., C. A. Strong, P. M. Dang, W. B. Hunter, R. M. Pereira, D. H. Oi, A. M. Shapiro, and D. F. Williams. 2004. A picorna-like virus from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta: initial discovery, genome sequence, and characterization. Virology 328: 151-157.

2003

Oi, D. H., and D. F. Williams. 2003. Thelohania solenopsae (Microporidia: Thelohaniidae) infection in reproductives of red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and its implication for intercolony transmission. Environ. Entomol. 32: 1171-1176.

Shapiro, A. M., J. J. Becnel, D. H. Oi, and D. F. Williams. 2003. Ultrastructural characterization and further transmission studies of Thelohania solenopsae from Solenopsis invicta pupae. J. Invertebrate Pathol. 83: 177-180.

Williams, D. F., D. H. Oi, S. D. Porter, R. M. Pereira, and J. A. Briano. 2003. Biological control of imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Amer. Entomol. 49: 150-163.

2002

Briano, J. A., L. A. Calcaterra, D. F. Williams, and D. H. Oi. 2002. Attempts to artificially propagate the fire ant parasite Solenopsis daguerrei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina. Florida Entomol. 85: 518-520.

Briano, J. A., D. F. Williams, D. H. Oi, and L. R. Davis, Jr. 2002. Field host range of the fire ant pathogens Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporida: Thelohaniidae) and Vairimorpha invictae (Microsporida: Burenellidae) in South America. Biol. Control 24: 98-102.

Oi, D. H., and D. F. Williams. 2002. Impact of Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) on polygyne colonies of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 95: 558-562.

Pereira, R. M., D. F. Williams, J. J. Becnel, and D. H. Oi. 2002. Yellow-head disease caused by a newly discovered Mattesia sp. in populations of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 81: 45-48.

Valles, S. M., D. H. Oi, O. P. Perera, and D. F. Williams. 2002. Detection of Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) in Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by multiplex PCR. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 81: 196-201.

2001

Calcaterra, L. A., J. A. Briano, D. F. Wiliams, and D. H. Oi. 2001. Observations on the sexual castes of the fire ant parasite Solenopsis daguerrei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Florida Entomol. 84: 446-448.

Oi, D. H., J. J. Becnel, and D. F. Williams. 2001. Evidence of intracolony transmission of Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) in red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the first report of spores from pupae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 78: 128-134.

Williams, D. F., H. L. Collins, and D. H. Oi. 2001. The red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): an historical perspective of treatment programs and the development of chemical baits for control. Am. Entomol. 46: 146-159.

2000

Callcott, A. M. A., D. H. Oi, H. L. Collins, D. F. Williams, and T. C. Lockley. 2000. Seasonal studies of an isolated red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) population in eastern Tennessee. Environ. Entomol. 29: 788-794.

Drees, B. M., C. L. Barr, S. B. Vinson, R. E. Gold, M. E. Merchant, N. Riggs, L. Lennon, S. Russell, P. Nester, and D. H. Oi. 2000. Managing imprted fire ants in urban areas. Texas Agricultural Extension Service Regional Report: 1-18

Oi, D. H., K. M. Vail, and D. F. Williams. 2000. Bait distribution among multiple colonies of pharaoh ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 93: 1247-1255.

1999

Morrison, J. E., D. F. Williams, and D. H. Oi. 1999. Effect of crop seed water content on the rate of seed damage by red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 92: 215-219.

Williams, D. F., D. H. Oi, and G. J. Knue. 1999. Infection of red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) colonies with the entomopathogen Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 92: 830-836.

1997

Morrison, J. E., D. F. Williams, D. H. Oi, and K. N. Potter. 1997. Damage to dry crop seed by red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 90: 218-222.

1996

Klotz, J. H., D. H. Oi, K. M. Vail, and D. F. Williams. 1996. Laboratory evaluation of a boric acid liquid bait on colonies of Tapinoma melanocephalum argentine ants and pharaoh ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 89: 673-677.

Oi, D. H., K. M. Vail, and D. F. Williams. 1996. Field evaluation of perimeter treatments for pharaoh ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) control. Florida Entomol. 79: 252-263.

Oi, D. H., and D. F. Williams. 1996. Toxicity and repellency of potting soil treated with bifenthrin and tefluthrin to red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 89: 1526-1530.

Vail, K. M., D. F. Williams, and D. H. Oi. 1996. Ant bait attractive to multiple species of ants. U.S. Patent No. 5,939,061, Aug. 17, 1999

Vail, K. M., D. F. Williams, and D. H. Oi. 1996. Perimeter treatments with two bait formulations of pyriproxyfen for control of Pharaoh ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 89: 1501-1507.

1994

Oi, D. H., R. M. Pereira, J. L. Stimac, and L. A. Wood. 1994. Field applications of Beauveria bassiana for control of the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 87: 623-630.

Oi, D. H., K. M. Vail, D. F. Williams, and D. N. Bieman. 1994. Indoor and outdoor foraging locations of pharaoh ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and control strategies using bait stations. Florida Entomol. 77: 85-91.

1993

Oi, D. H., and R. M. Pereira. 1993. Ant behavior and microbial pathogens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Florida Entomol. 76: 63-73.

Other Publications

2008

Flanders, K., L. C. Graham, S. D. Porter, and D. H. Oi. 2008. Biological control of imported fire ants. Alabama cooperative extension system, ANR-1149.

2007

Oi, D. H. 2007. Area-wide suppression of fire ants. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Vision of Taiwan Plant Protection Development.

Oi, D. H. 2007. Evolution of fire ant control. The 19th FAOPMA Convention and International Exhibition on Pesticides, Material and Equipment, Pest Code, November 14-16, 2007 Taipei, pp. 31-37.

Oi, D. H. 2007. Thelohania solenopsae as a factor of fire ant populations. 40th meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology; August 12-16, 2007; Quebec city, Quebec Canada.

2005

Oi, D. H. 2005. Effect of mono- and poly-gyne social forms on transmission and spread of microsporidia in fire ant populations. Society of Invertebrate Pathology Meeting, 7-11 August 2005, Anchorage, Alaska, p. 39.

Oi, D. H. 2005. Characterization of delayed toxicity in fast-acting fire ant baits. Annual Red Imported Fire Ant Conference, 22-24 March, 2005, Gulfport, Mississippi, p. 41.

Pereira, R. M., D. F. Williams, T. S. Davis, D. H. Oi, H. T. Bolton, P. M. Horton, and H. G. Williams. 2005. Imported fire ant and their management. Quail Workshop Proceedings, 13-14 October, 2005,Arcadia, Florida, p. 49-66.

Porter, S. D., S. M. Valles, T. S. Davis, J. A. Briano, L. A. Calcaterra, D. H. Oi, and A. Jenkins. 2005. Host range of the microsporidian pathogen Vairimorpha invictae at three field sites in Argentina. Gulfport, Mississippi.

Vander Meer, R. K., R. M. Pereira, S. D. Porter, S. M. Valles, and D. H. Oi. 2005. Areawide suppression of invasive fire ant populations, pp. 78-79, Proceedings of the 2nd FAO /IAEA International Conference on Area-wide Pest Management. Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria.

2002

Briano, J. A., D. F. Williams, and D. H. Oi. 2002. Long term effect of the fire ant pathogens Vairimorpha invictae and Thelohania Solenopsae in Argentina. Proc. 2002 Imported Fire Ant Conference; Athens, GA; March 24-26, 2002: 15.

Oi, D. H., and D. F. Williams. 2002. Mechanisms of intercolony transmission of Thelohania solenopsae in red imported fire ant. Proc. 2002 Imported Fire Ant Conference; Athens, GA; March 24-26, 2002, p. 21-22.

Pereira, R. M., D. F. Williams, J. J. Becnel, and D. H. Oi. 2002. Yellow head disease (YHD) caused by a newly discovered Mattesia sp. in populations of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis Invicta. Proc. 2002 Imported Fire Ant Conference; Athens, GA; March 24-26, 2002, p. 23-24.

2001

Oi, D. H., D. F. Williams, and J. J. Becnel. 2001. Intra-colony transmission and the discovery of a new spore type for Thelohania Solenopsae in red imported fire ants. Proc. 2001 Annual Imported Fire Ant Research Conf., San Antonio, TX; February 28 - March 2, 2001, p. 32.

Oi, F., D. H. Oi, S. D. Porter, and P. Koehler. 2001. Fire ant dos and don'ts. PCT Online.

Oi, F. M., S. D. Porter, and P. G. Koehler. 2001. Fire ants do's & don'ts. Pest Control Technology: annual Ant Control Issue 29 (4): 48, 52-56.

2000

Briano, J. A., L. A. Calcaterra, D. F. Williams, and D. H. Oi. 2000. The fire ant parasite Solenopsis daguerrei: progress report at the USDA- ARS-SABCL- Argentina. Imported Fire Ants Conf. Proc.; Chattanooga, TN; April 5-7, 2000; p. 81-83.

Briano, J. A., D. F. Williams, and D. H. Oi. 2000. The fire ant microsporidian pathogens Thelohania solenopsae and Vairimorpha invictae: field host range, intracolonial prevalence, and dual infections. Imported Fire Ants Conf. Proc.; Chattanooga, TN; April 5-7, 2000; p. 77-80.

Oi, D. H. 2000. Ants: Where are we now? Where are we going? Proc. 2000 National Conf. on Urban Entomol.; May 14-16, 2000; Ft. Lauderdale, FL; p. 52-60.

Oi, D. H., and D. F. Williams. 2000. I. Update of Thelohania Solenopsae inoculation and infection studies. II. sequential application of insect growth regulating and metabolic inhibiting fire ant baits. Imported Fire Ants Conf. Proc.; Chattanooga, TN; April 5-7, 2000; p. 75.

Oi, D. H., and D. F. Williams. 2000. Introduction of a protozoan for control of imported fire ants in the USA. XXI International Congress of Entomology: XVIII Brazilian Congress of Entomology; Fozdolgurassu, Brazil; August 20-26, 2000; p.506.

Williams, D. F., and D. H. Oi. 2000. The management of undesirable ants in the urban environment. XXI International Congress of Entomology: XVIII Brazilian Congress of Entomology; Fozdolgurassu, Brazil; August 20-26, 2000.

1999

Flanders, K., S. Porter, and D. Oi. 1999. Biological control of red imported fire ants. Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Alabama A &M & Auburn Universities, ANR-1149, 2 p.

Oi, D. H., and D. F. Williams. 1999. Introduction of Thelohania solenopsae as a microbial control agent for the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Society for Invertebrate Pathology, 32nd Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts, Irvien, California; August 23-27, 1999; p. 62.

1998

Oi, D. H., D. F. Williams, J. A. Briano, and L. A. Calcaterra. 1998. Research update on Solenopsis (Labauchena) daguerrei, a parasitic ant of imported fire ants. Proc. of the Imported Fire Ant Research Conference, April 1998, p. 129-130.

Williams, D. F., and D. H. Oi. 1998. Impact of a microsporidian pathogen, Thelohania solenopsae, on red imported fire ants. Proc. of the Imported Fire Ant Research Conference, April 1998, p. 79-86.

Williams, D. F., K. M. Vail, and D. H. Oi. 1998. A new bait attractive to multiple species of ants. Proceedings of the 1998 National Conference on Urban Entomology, p. 127 (Abstract).

1997

Oi, D. H., and P. G. Koehler. 1997. Imported fire ants on lawns and turf. [revision]. in [Ruppert & Black, eds.] Florida Lawn Handbook, 2nd edition, SP45, p. 170-177.

1996

Klotz, J. H., D. F. Williams, K. M. Vail, D. H. Oi, and J. I. Moss. 1996. Laboratory and field evaluation of a liquid boric acid ant bait. Proceedings of the National Conference on Urban Entomology; Arlington, TX; Feb. 18-20, 1996; p. 71-72.

1995

Oi, D. H., K. M. Vail, J. H. Klotz, and D. F. Williams. 1995. Responses of Tapinoma melanocephalum, Argentine ants, and Pharaoh ants to a boric acid bait. Proc. of the 1995 Fire Ant Conference, San Antonio, TX, May 2-4, 1995, p. 27.

Oi, D. H., and D. F. Williams. 1995. Effect of alternative bait formulations on imported fire ants and non-target ant populations. Proc. of the 1995 Fire Ant Conference, San Antonio, TX, May 2-4, 1995, p. 171.

Williams, D. F., H. Collins, D. Oi, T. Lockley, and A. Callcott. 1995. Studies of an imported fire ant population in eastern Tennessee. Proceedings of the Fifth International Pest Ant Symposia and the 1995 Annual Imported Fire Ant Conference, San Antonio, Texas, p. 62-69.

1994

Oi, D. H., K. M. Vail, and D. F. Williams. 1994. Effects of nest proximity and alternative food sources on bait distribution among Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), colonies. Proceedings of the 1994 National Conference on Urban Entomology, p. 122 (Abstract).

Oi, D. H., and D. F. Williams. 1994. Optimizing containerized soil treatments to prevent the spread of imported fire ants in the United States. Proc. IV Intl. Symp. on Pest Ants, p. 63.

Oi, D. H., and D. F. Williams. 1994. Susceptibility of monogyne and polygyne imported fire ants to indoor ant baits. Proc. 1994 Imported Fire Ant Conf., Mobile, AL, May 9-11, 1994 p. 1-8.

Oi, D. H., D. F. Williams, P. G. Koehler, and R. S. Patterson. 1994. Imported fire ants and their management in Florida. University of Florida, Extension service SP-161, 20 p.

Vail, K. M., D. H. Oi, and D. F. Williams. 1994. A novel approach to pharaoh ant control - outdoor scatter baits. Proceedings of the 1994 National Conference on Urban Entomology, p. 125.

Williams, D. F., D. H. Oi, and K. M. Vail. 1994. Comparison of fly pupa and corn grit formulated fire ant baits. Proc. of the 1994 Imported Fire Ant Conf., Mobile, AL, May 9-11, 1994.

Patents

Vail, K. M., D. F. Williams, and D. H. Oi. 1999. Ant bait attractive to multiple species of ants. U.S. Patent No. 5,939,061 Date of Patent: Aug. 17, 1999.