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Have It Your Way: How Polymorphic, Injected Kinases and Pseudokinases Enable Toxoplasma to Subvert Host Defenses
As with many intracellular infectious agents, the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii has a quiver of effectors that it uses to co-opt host cell functions including several from a paralogous family of protein kinases and pseudokinases that are injected into the host cell from the apical secretory organelles known as rhoptries (ROPs). In this Pearl Boothroyd presents how these ROPs were found and the current state of knowledge about their function.
IL-1β Production through the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Hepatic Macrophages Links Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Liver Inflammation and Disease
Hepatic inflammation during chronic HCV infection is considered to be the primary catalyst for progressive liver disease and development of liver cancer but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The results of Negash et al. identify HCV-induced IL-1b production by hepatic macrophages as a critical and central process that promotes liver inflammation and disease.
Guanylate-binding Protein 1 (Gbp1) Contributes to Cell-autonomous Immunity against Toxoplasma gondii
Emerging evidence suggests that the p65 family of guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), which is upregulated by interferon gamma, play an important role in host defense against intracellular pathogens. Selleck et al. provide findings that demonstrate that Gbp1 plays an important role in the IFN-c-dependent, cell-autonomous control of toxoplasmosis and predict a broader role for this protein in host defense.
A Refined Model of the Prototypical Salmonella SPI-1 T3SS Basal Body Reveals the Molecular Basis for Its Assembly
The T3SS injectisome is a syringe-shaped macromolecular assembly found in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that allows for the direct delivery of virulence effectors into host cells making it an important potential target for the development of novel therapeutics. Bergeron et al.'s model provides new insights as to how the basal body assembles at the surface of bacteria, and could be used for the design of novel antibiotics.
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PLOS Pathogens is an open-access journal that publishes important new ideas on bacteria, fungi, parasites, prions, and viruses that contribute to our understanding of the biology of pathogens and pathogen-host interactions.
