Gene Shinn (retired) Chris Reich; Don Hickey; Ann Tihansky, 2005, Determination of Groundwater-Flow Direction and Rate Beneath Florida Bay, the Florida Keys and Reef Tract.Online Links:
Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees.
The horizontal datum used is WGS84.
The ellipsoid used is WGS84.
The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
The Nutrient Results of Ground and Surface Water at the Bayside Well Cluster study site contains the nutrient results from the collection of both ground and surface water samples. Nutrient concentrations are available for both the deep well (40 ft) and the shallow well (20 ft) in milligrams per liter and micromolar.
The Groundwater Flow Rates at the Bayside Well Cluster study site contains the results of the injection of two fluorescent dyes injected in the center wells in the well cluster on the bayside of Key Largo.
The Groundwater Flow Rates at the Oceanside Well Cluster study site contains the results of the injection of two fluorescent dyes injected in the center wells in the well cluster on the oceanside of Key Largo
727 803-8747 ext 3032 (voice)
727 803-2032 (FAX)
creich@usgs.gov
Treated sewage is injected into the limestone under the Florida Keys via on-site disposal systems (OSDs). There are 25,000 septic tank systems, approximately 5,000 cesspools, and approximately 1000 class 5 injection wells. Depths of injection wells ranges from 10 to 30 meters. Excessive algal growth, coral diseases and both marine grass and sponge mortality is perceived by the local population, NOAA, and EPA to be caused by sewage nutrients leaking from groundwater on both sides of the Florida Keys. Determining the rate and direction of saline groundwater movement beneath the Key, and the Florida Bay was considered critical to understanding the fate and effects of subsurface waste water disposal n the Florida Keys.The objective of this research was to determine the rate, direction of flow, and contamination levels of saline groundwater in the Florida Keys and Florida Bay. Contamination studies are necessary to determine if nutrient and other contaminant levels are rising and to provide a baseline of data for future decision making.
A second injection of the dyes in the bayside well cluster was done on Feb. 19, 1997 and included SF6.
1. Perform a tracer experiment in existing well clusters. 2. Sample all wells biannually for nutrient and other contaminants. 3. Drill additional wells if needed (four wells were recently installed to create a transect across Key Largo). 4. Conduct additional tests to evaluate existing seepage meter designs quantitatively (initial quantitative test prove artificial pumping in the presence of waves). 5. Develop and install new "flexible" seepage meters as mandated by project review (provided further testing proves their reliability). 6. Determine seepage volume using new seepage meter design. 7. Integrate new seepage and water-level data (from transducers) and attempt a simple cross-keys groundwater-flow and tidal-pumping model. 8. Begin synthesis of results 9. Begin evaluation of new radium isotope method for determining groundwater seepage and mixing.
Field work to be undertaken in FY 1999 included:
1. a dye-tracer study using the newly completed transect of wells across Key Largo.
2. Collaboration with EPA-funded projects and University of South Florida on-site sewage disposal-well tracer studies.
3. Twice-yearly sampling and chemical analyses of ground waters collected from existing wells.
4. Drilling additional wells if needed.
5. Analysis for four isotopes of radium, for determining groundwater seepage and mixing.
Person who carried out this activity:
727 803-8747 ext 3032 (voice)
727 803-2032 (FAX)
creich@usgs.gov
Shinn, E. A. Reese, R. S.; Reich, C. D., 1994, Fate and pathways of injection-well effluent in the Florida Keys: USGS Open-File Report 94-276, U. S. Geological Survey, Florida.Online Links:
Reich, C. D., 1996, Diver-operated manometer: a simple device for measuring hydraulic head in underwater wells: Journal of Sedimentary Rresearch v. 66 n. 5, S E P M Society for Sedimentary Research, Tulsa, OK.
Halley, R. B. Vacher, H. L.; Shinn, E. A., 1997, Geology and Hydrogeology of the Florida Keys: Developments in Sedimentology Geology and hydrogeology of carbonate islands, Elsevier Science B. V., Doorwerth, The Netherlands.Online Links:
Paul, J. H. Rose, J. B.; Brown, J.; Shi, 1995, Viral tracer studies indicate contamination of marine waters by sewage disposal practices in Key Largo, Florida: Applied and Environmental Microbiology v. 61, n. 6, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.Online Links:
Paul, J. H. Rose, J. B.; Jiang, S.; Kel, 1995, Occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria in surface waters and the subsurface aquifer in Key Largo, Florida: Applied and Environmental Microbiology v. 61, n. 6, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.Online Links:
Sacks, L. A. Tihansky, A. B., 1996, Geochemical and Isotopic Composition of Ground Water, with Emphasis on Sources of Sulfate, in the Upper Floridan Aquifer and Intermediate Aquifer System in Southwest Florida: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4146, U.S. Geological Survey, Tallahassee, FL.Online Links:
Benchmarks were installed onshore on both sides of Key Largo and position and elevation determined using GPS_Military P-code enabled. Two wells at each cluster were later leveled in using the benchmarks as a reference point.
The central wells were not sampled due to the contained/retained high concentrations of dye. Samples from all satellite wells, both bay side and ocean side, were analyzed.
The same tests were run on all samples from the satellite wells on both the bay side and the ocean side.
Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
- Access_Constraints: none
- Use_Constraints: none
727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
hhenkel@usgs.gov
Groundwater Flow Rates at the Bayside Well Cluster study site
No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data
| Data format: | contains the results from the injection of two tracer dyes in the center wells of the bayside well cluster in format MS Excel (version unknown) Size: 0.04 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/shinn/> |
727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
hhenkel@usgs.gov
Groundwater Flow Rates at the Oceanside Well Cluster study site
No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data
| Data format: | contains the results of the injection of two tracer dyes in the center wells of the oceanside well cluster in format MS Excel (version unknown) Size: 0.033 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/shinn/> |
727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
hhenkel@usgs.gov
Groundwater Seepage
No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data
| Data format: | contains information and data collected during the seepage meter experiments along the Florida Keys on both the Florida Bay and Atlantic Ocean sides in format MS Excel (version unknown) Size: 0.088 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/shinn/> |
727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
hhenkel@usgs.gov
Nutrient Results of Ground and Surface Waters at the Bayside Well Cluster study site
No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data
| Data format: | contains the nutrient results from the collection of both ground and surface water samples in format MS Excel (version unknown) Size: 0.022 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/shinn/> |
727 803-8747 ext 3028 (voice)
727 803-2030 (FAX)
sofia-metadata@usgs.gov
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey
Comments and suggestions? Contact: Heather
Henkel - Webmaster
Generated by mp version 2.8.18 on Fri Jan 11 09:42:22 2008
