Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of ozone
depletion potential, global warming potential,
toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential. Lists
of acceptable and unacceptable substitutes are updated
several times each year. A
chronological list of SNAP
updates is also available.
Note: SNAP Notices and Final Rules published in the
Federal Register take precedence over all
information on the web site.
HCFC-225ca/cb |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform |
Acceptable |
None |
EPA
recommends observing the manufacturer’s
recommended exposure guidelines of 50 ppm for the
-ca isomer, 400 ppm for the -cb isomer, and 100 ppm
for the commercial mixture of HCFC-225ca/cb.
EPA encourages users to consider other
alternatives that do not have an ozone depletion
potential.
|
HFC-4310mee |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable subject to use conditions |
Subject
to a 200 ppm time-weighted average workplace
exposure standard and a 400ppm workplace exposure
ceiling. |
None |
Monochlorotoluene / benzotrifluorides |
CFC-113, CFC-11, Methyl Chloroform, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable subject to use conditions |
Subject
to a 50 ppm workplace standard for
monochloro-toluenes and a 100 ppm acceptable
exposure limit (AEL) for benzotrifluoride. |
None |
Chlorobromomethane |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, HCFC-141b |
Unacceptable |
N/A |
Other
alternatives exist with zero or much lower
ODP. |
Perfluorocarbons |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable subject to narrowed use limits |
Acceptable only where reasonable efforts have been
made to ascertain that other alternatives are not
technically feasible due to performance or safety
requirements. |
PFCs
have extremely long atmospheric lifetimes and high
GWPs. This decision reflects these concerns and is
patterned after the SNAP decision on PFCs in the
solvent cleaning sector. |
Perfluoropolyethers |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable subject to narrowed use limits |
Acceptable only where reasonable efforts have been
made to ascertain that other alternatives are not
technically feasible due to performance or safety
requirements. |
PFPEs
have extremely long atmospheric lifetimes and high
GWPs. This decision reflects these concerns and is
patterned after the SNAP decision on PFCs in the
solvent cleaning sector. |
HFE-7200 (C5F9OCH3) |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform |
Acceptable |
None |
The
Agency expects that any exposures will not exceed
any acceptable exposure limits set by any voluntary
consensus standards organization, including the
American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists' (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs)
or the American Industrial Hygiene Association's
(AIHA) workplace environmental exposure limits
(WEELs). |
C5-C20
Petroleum hydrocarbons |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, CFC-11, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable |
None |
Petroleum hydrocarbons are flammable. Use with the
necessary precautions. Pesticide aerosols must
adhere to FIFRA standards. |
Chlorinated solvents (trichloroethylene,
perchloroethylene, methylene chloride) |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, CFC-11, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable |
None |
Extensive regulations under other statutes govern
use of these chemicals, including VOC standards,
workplace standards, waste management standards,
and pesticide formulation and handling standards.
Should be used only for products where
nonflammability is a critical feature. |
Oxygenated organic solvents (esters, ethers,
alcohols, ketones) |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, CFC-11, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable |
None |
These
substitutes are flammable. Use with the necessary
precautions. |
Terpenes |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, CFC-11, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable |
None |
These
substitutes are flammable. Use with the necessary
precautions. |
Water-based formulations |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, CFC-11, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable |
None |
None |
Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, CFC-11, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable |
None |
The
OSHA set exposure limit is 200 ppm. |
Hydrofluoroether (HFE) 7100: C4F9OCH3
(methoxynona-fluorobutane, iso and normal) |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, CFC-11, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable |
None |
None |
HCFC-141b and its blends |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, CFC-11 |
Acceptable |
None |
All
aerosol solvent uses of HCFC-141b, either by itself
or blended with other compounds, were prohibited as
of January 1, 1994 under Section 610(d) of the
Clean Air Act. Limited exemptions exist. These are
described in the section on aerosol substitutes in
59 FR 13044. |
HFC-365mfc |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable |
None |
None |
HFC-245fa |
CFC-113, HCFC-141b |
Acceptable |
None |
EPA
expects that the workplace environmental exposure
will not exceed the Workplace Environmental
Exposure Limit of 300 ppm and that users will
observe the manufacturer’s recommendations in
MSDSs. |
HFE-7000 (heptafluoropropyl methyl ether) |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform |
Acceptable |
None |
EPA
expects that the workplace environmental exposure
will not exceed the workplace environmental
exposure limit of 75 ppm and that users will
observe the manufacturer's recommendations in
MSDSs. |
The
Mini-Max Cleaner® |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform |
Acceptable |
None |
None |
C3-C6
Saturated light hydro-carbons (e.g., propane,
n-butane, isobutane) |
HCFC-22,
CFC-11, HCFC-142b |
Acceptable |
None |
Hydrocarbons are flammable. Use with the necessary
precautions. |
Dimethyl Ether |
HCFC-22,
CFC-11, HCFC-142b |
Acceptable |
None |
Hydrocarbons are flammable. Use with the necessary
precautions. Blends of DME with HCFCs are subject
to section 610 restrictions. |
HFC-152a, HFC-134a, HFC-125 |
HCFC-22,
CFC-11, HCFC-142b |
Acceptable |
None |
HFC-152a, HFC-134a, and HFC-125 are potential
greenhouse gases. |
HFC-227ea |
HCFC-22,
CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-114, HCFC-142b |
Acceptable |
None |
Despite
the relatively high global warming potential of
this compound, the agency has listed this
substitute as acceptable since it meets a
specialized application in MDIs where other
substitutes do not provide acceptable
performance. |
Alternative processes (pumps, mech-anical pressure
dispensers, non-spray dispensers) |
HCFC-22,
CFC-11, HCFC-142b |
Acceptable |
None |
None |
Compressed Gases (carbon dioxide, air, nitrogen,
nitrous oxide) |
HCFC-22,
CFC-11, HCFC-142b |
Acceptable |
None |
None |
SF6 |
HCFC-22,
CFC-11, CFC-12, HCFC-142b |
Unacceptable |
N/A |
SF6 has
the highest GWP of all industrial gases, and other
compressed gases meet user needs equally well. |
HCFC-22, HCFC-142b |
CFC-11 |
Acceptable |
None |
All
aerosol propellant uses of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b
are already prohibited as of January 1, 1994, under
Section 610(d) of the Clean Air Act. Only one
exemption exists. It is described in the section on
aerosol substitutes in 59 FR 13044. |
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