The child tax credit is a credit that may reduce your tax by as much as $1,000 for each of your qualifying children.

The additional child tax credit is a credit you may be able to take if you are not able to claim the full amount of the child tax credit.

This chapter explains the following.

• Who is a qualifying child.
• The amount of the credit.
• How to claim the credit.

Credits, such as the child tax credit or the credit for child and dependent care expenses, are used to reduce tax. If your tax on Form 1040, line 46, or Form 1040A, line 28, is zero, do not figure the child tax credit because there is no tax to reduce. However, you may qualify for the additional child tax credit on line 65 (Form 1040) or line 39 (Form 1040A).

A qualifying child for purposes of the child tax credit is a child who:

1. Is your son, daughter, stepchild, foster child, brother, sister, stepbrother, stepsister, or a descendant of any of them (for example, your grandchild, niece, or nephew),
2. Was under age 17 at the end of 2012,
3. Did not provide over half of his or her own support for 2012,
4. Lived with you for more than half of 2012 (see Exceptions to time lived with you later),
5. Is claimed as a dependent on your return,
6. Does not file a joint return for the year (or files it only as a claim for refund), and
7. Was a U.S. citizen, a U.S. national, or a resident of the United States. If the child was adopted, see Adopted child below.

For each qualifying child you must check the box on Form 1040 or Form 1040A, line 6c.

Your son turned 17 on December 30, 2012. He is a citizen of the United States and you claimed him as a dependent on your return. He is not a qualifying child for the child tax credit because he was not under age 17 at the end of 2012.

Your daughter turned 8 years old in 2012. She is not a citizen of the United States, has an ITIN, and lived in Mexico all of 2012. She is not a qualifying child for the child tax credit because she was not a resident of the United States for 2012.

If you are claiming a child tax credit or additional child tax credit for a child you identified on your tax return with an ITIN instead of an SSN, you must complete Part I of Schedule 8812 (Form 1040A or 1040).

Although a child may be your dependent, you may only claim a child tax credit or additional child tax credit for a dependent who is a citizen, national, or resident of the United States. To be treated as a resident of the United States, a child generally will need to meet the requirements of the substantial presence test. For more information about the substantial presence test, see Publication 519, U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens.

An adopted child is always treated as your own child. An adopted child includes a child lawfully placed with you for legal adoption.

If you are a U.S. citizen or U.S. national and your adopted child lived with you all year as a member of your household in 2012, that child meets condition (7) above to be a qualifying child for the child tax credit.

A child is considered to have lived with you for more than half of 2012 if the child was born or died in 2012 and your home was this child's home for more than half the time he or she was alive. Temporary absences by you or the child for special circumstances, such as for school, vacation, business, medical care, military service, or detention in a juvenile facility, count as time the child lived with you.

There are also exceptions for kidnapped children and children of divorced or separated parents. For details, see Residency Test in chapter 3.

A special rule applies if your qualifying child is the qualifying child of more than one person. For details, see Special Rule for Qualifying Child of More Than One Person in chapter 3.