Mauna Loa, Hawaii, United States [MLO]
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Location
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Description
Mauna Loa Observatory is located on the Island of Hawaii at an elevation of 3397 m on the northern flank of Mauna Loa volcano at 200 north. Established in 1957, Mauna Lao Observatory has grown to become the premier long-term atmospheric monitoring facility on earth and is the site where the ever-increasing concentrations of global atmospheric carbon dioxide were determined. The observatory consists of 10 buildings from which up to 250 different atmospheric parameters are measured by a complement of 12 NOAA/ESRL and other agency scientists and engineers.
GMD Projects at Mauna Loa, Hawaii
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status | Carbon Dioxide | CO2 | 1969-08-20 | Ongoing | Methane | CH4 | 1983-05-06 | Ongoing | Carbon Monoxide | CO | 1989-07-07 | Ongoing | Molecular Hydrogen | H2 | 1989-07-07 | Ongoing | Nitrous Oxide | N2O | 1997-05-09 | Ongoing | Sulfur Hexafluoride | SF6 | 1997-05-09 | Ongoing | Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Carbon Dioxide | d13C (CO2) | 1990-01-12 | Ongoing | Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 in Carbon Dioxide | d18O (CO2) | 1990-01-12 | Ongoing | Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Methane | d13C (CH4) | 1998-01-02 | Ongoing | D/H in Methane | dD (CH4) | 2005-04-06 | Terminated - 2009-11-03 | Methyl Chloride | CH3Cl | 2005-08-10 | Ongoing | Benzene | C6H6 | 2007-01-10 | Ongoing | toluene | C7H8 | 2007-01-10 | Ongoing | ethane | C2H6 | 2005-08-10 | Ongoing | ethene | C2H4 | 2005-08-10 | Ongoing | propane | C3H8 | 2005-08-10 | Ongoing | propene | C3H6 | 2005-08-10 | Ongoing | i-butane | i-C4H10 | 2005-08-10 | Ongoing | n-butane | n-C4H10 | 2005-08-10 | Ongoing | i-pentane | i-C5H12 | 2005-10-12 | Ongoing | n-pentane | n-C5H12 | 2005-08-10 | Ongoing | n-hexane | n-C6H14 | 2005-08-10 | Ongoing | wind speed | ws | 1992-07-01 | Ongoing | wind direction | 1992-07-01 | Ongoing | ambient temperature | 1992-11-27 | Terminated - 2004-09-22 | isoprene | C5H8 | 2007-01-10 | Ongoing |
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Carbon Cycle In Situ Observatory
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status | Carbon Dioxide | CO2 | 1974-05-17 | Ongoing | Methane | CH4 | 1987-04-03 | Ongoing | Carbon Monoxide | CO | 1992-05-29 | Ongoing |
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HATS Flask Sampling
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status | HFC-134a | CH2FCF3 | 1994-11-07 | Ongoing | HCFC-22 | CHF2Cl | 1991-12-30 | Ongoing | Methyl Chloride | CH3Cl | 1993-08-30 | Ongoing | HCFC-142b | CH3CF2Cl | 1992-02-10 | Ongoing | Halon-1211 | CBrClF2 | 1991-12-30 | Ongoing | methyl bromide | CH3Br | 1993-08-30 | Ongoing | HCFC-141b | CH3CCl2F | 1992-12-28 | Ongoing | CFC-113 | CCl2FCClF2 | 1991-12-30 | Ongoing | dichloromethane | CH2Cl2 | 1994-01-18 | Ongoing | tetrachloroethylene | C2Cl4 | 1993-11-22 | Ongoing | carbonyl sulfide | COS | 2000-03-13 | Ongoing | HFC-152a | CH3CHF2 | 1995-03-13 | Ongoing | Halon 1301 | CF3Br | 2004-03-08 | Ongoing | Halon 2402 | CBrF2CBrF2 | 1995-03-13 | Ongoing | Methyl Chloroform | CH3CCl3 | 1991-12-30 | Ongoing |
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HATS In Situ Observatory
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status | Nitrous Oxide | N2O | 1998-11-28 | Ongoing | Sulfur Hexafluoride | SF6 | 1998-11-28 | Ongoing | HCFC-22 | CHF2Cl | 1998-11-28 | Ongoing | CFC-12 | CCl2F2 | 1999-05-02 | Ongoing | Methyl Chloride | CH3Cl | 1999-04-23 | Ongoing | HCFC-142b | CH3CF2Cl | 1998-11-28 | Ongoing | Halon-1211 | CBrClF2 | 1998-11-28 | Ongoing | CFC-113 | CCl2FCClF2 | 1998-11-28 | Ongoing | carbon tetrachloride | CCl4 | 1998-11-28 | Ongoing | Methyl Chloroform | CH3CCl3 | 1998-11-28 | Ongoing | CFC-11 | CCl3F | 1999-06-25 | Ongoing |
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Aerosol Surface, Continuous Measurements
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status | Light Scattering Coefficient | σsp | 1974-01-01 | Ongoing | Light Absorption Coefficient | σap | 1990-01-01 | Ongoing | Particle Number Concentration | Nt | 1974-01-01 | Ongoing |
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Radiation In-Situ Observatory
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status | Direct Beam | 1976-01-01 | Ongoing | Shortwave Global | 1976-01-01 | Ongoing | Diffuse | 1976-01-01 | Ongoing | Downward Longwave | 1993-10-31 | Ongoing |
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Surface Ozone
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status | Ozone | O3 | 1973-09-20 | Ongoing |
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Dobson Total Ozone
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status | Total Ozone | O3 | 1957-12-01 | Ongoing |
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Trajectories
Lidar
Meteorology
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status | Wind Speed 10 Meters | ws | 1977-01-01 | Ongoing | Wind Direction 10 Meters | wd | 1977-01-01 | Ongoing | Barometric Pressure | bar_press | 1977-01-01 | Ongoing | Relative Humidity (RH) | rh | 1977-01-01 | Ongoing | Temperature 2 Meters | temp_2m | 1977-01-01 | Ongoing | Temperature 10 Meters | temp_10m | 1993-11-02 | Ongoing | temperature Top | temp_top | 1993-11-02 | Ongoing | Precipitation Intensity | precip | 1987-01-01 | Ongoing |
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Dobson Umkehr Ozone
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status | Ozone | O3 | 1963-12-26 | Ongoing |
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