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USAID | Afghanistan

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Infrastructure

Expand and improve access to economic and social infrastructure

Infrastructure

USAID began building roads, schools, and clinics in 2002 to demonstrate immediate progress to the Afghan people. While these projects continue, USAID is shifting its focus to improve energy and power. The building and refurbishing of infrastructure boosts economic growth and agricultural yields, connects rural Afghans to services, and provides schools, clinics, and courthouses for its citizens.

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BACKGROUND

Decades of war, harsh climatic conditions, and neglect due to extreme poverty have left the country’s infrastructure in rubble and decay. In many remote areas, it was never developed at all. The lack of infrastructure has had a huge impact on Afghanistan’s economic development. Nevertheless, Afghanistan has made substantial progress in recent years.

PROGRAM OVERVIEW

U.S. Government assistance is helping to strengthen Afghan capacity to design, build, and maintain roads; increase the supply of reliable electricity; expand access to potable water; and design and construct schools, clinics, and hospitals. While constructing infrastructure in Afghanistan is critical to the U.S. Government’s short-term stabilization objectives and long-term development goals, such projects face many challenges and problems. Most projects face security threats, physically remote and inaccessible sites, and difficulties moving equipment across rough terrain. Nevertheless, USAID infrastructure projects, in partnership with and in support of the Afghan Government and other donors, are successfully overcoming such obstacles in order to provide power, roads, water, and buildings that support job creation and economic growth.

ENERGY

Surveys indicate increased electricity supply is a top priority for Afghans. USAID efforts have significantly increased access to electricity among the Afghan population. The U.S. supported the Afghan government in coordinating multi-donor efforts to build the North East Power System (NEPS) needed to transmit low-cost power from Uzbekistan to Kabul and other population centers. The U.S. also rehabilitated two turbines at the Kajaki hydropower facility that doubled hydropower generation capacity of the dam. In addition, USAID constructed the Tarakhil Power Plant, which can provide electricity to more than 600,000 residents in Kabul and those living in communities supported by NEPS. USAID recently launched a new project to install a third turbine at the Kajaki hydropower facility and expand and improve distribution and transmission in Kandahar and Hilmand provinces. Planned U.S.-funded projects include connecting the isolated South East Power System (SEPS) to NEPS creating a national transmission grid.  

A key component of the U.S. energy strategy is building the capacity of Afghans working in the power sector. In concert with this effort, USAID is actively supporting power sector reform and the commercialization of the national state-owned utility, Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (DABS). DABS is expected to grow into a strong and viable commercial entity that can reduce electricity losses, increase revenue flow, and improve service delivery to millions of consumers. Collections improvements at DABS has doubled revenues in two years and increased power distributed by 18 percent.

In addition to large-scale projects, the U.S. assists more than 300 rural communities gain access to advanced technologies to power their homes, schools, and businesses through clean, renewable energy, such as micro-hydropower, solar, and wind projects.

ROADS

An expanded and improved road network supports increased economic activity while enabling Afghans to access key services such as healthcare and education. USAID has funded the rehabilitation of more than 2,000 km of regional, national, provincial, and rural roads. Construction of a 103 km national highway in Badakhshan Province in the north (Kishim to Fayzabad) was completed in 2010, and highlights the economic gains from new and improved roads. The number of new businesses such as fuel stations and markets has more than doubled, commercial bus activity has increased, and market prices have declined along the road’s path.

Ongoing and planned U.S.-funded projects include rehabilitation of two national highways linking Khost and Gardez to the Ring Road, emergency repair to the Salang Tunnel, construction of Section 1 of the Bamyan to Dushi highway, a critical north-south route, and ongoing rehabilitation of strategic provincial roads that connect villages to district centers. USAID is working closely with the Afghan government and the private-sector to maintain more than 1,700 km of roads nationwide. USAID projects strengthen capacity of government staff on road design and support national efforts to establish an independent road authority and road fund that will enable long-term management and maintenance of the transportation infrastructure.

WATER

Currently, only 23 percent of Afghan households have access to safe drinking water. USAID is working to provide clean drinking water in urban areas and drinking water and improved sanitation facilities in 1,000 rural communities. USAID also supports the government’s water and sanitation sector reforms, which seek to commercialize the urban water sector, increase cost recovery, and improve management. In addition, USAID is working to develop river basin master plans that will allow the Afghan government to optimize its future water resource development.

BUILDINGS

USAID is constructing hospitals, mid-wife training centers, teacher training centers, high schools, residential and educational facilities for university students, and government structures, all built to modern seismic standards. USAID is supporting the construction of two campus-size high schools in Kabul City, specifically designed to accommodate the high demand for both boys’ and girls’ secondary education. Additionally, USAID is funding the design and construction of provincial teacher-training colleges, teacher-training facilities for higher education, midwife-training centers, and hospitals. These facilities will help the Afghan government provide critical health and education services throughout the country.

Fact Sheet Infrastructure Sector May 2012

Project Implementing Partner(s)

Diesel Thermal Power Plants Operations and Maintenance

Kishem to Faizabad National Highway

Advisor to the Secretariat of the Inter-Ministerial Commission for Energy (ICE)

Afghan Clean Energy Project (ACEP)

Afghan Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation (SWSS)

Afghanistan Energy Assistance Project

Afghanistan Engineering Support Program (AESP)

Afghanistan Infrastructure and Rehabilitation Program (AIRP) - General Management and Administration

Afghanistan Infrastructure and Rehabilitation Program (IRP) - Quick Response General Services

Commercialization of Afghanistan Water and Sanitation Activity (CAWSA)

Construction of Health and Education Facilities (CHEF)

Darunta Hydroelectric Power Plant Rehabilitation

Demining

Design and Construction of Uruzgon Bridge

Design and Initial Construction of of Bamyan and Dushi Road

District Center Roads (DCR) Program

Energy Partnership

Engineering Design Support Activity (EDSA)

Engineering Quality Assurance and Logistical Support (EQUALS)

Faculties of Higher Education (FoHE)

Gardez to Khost National Highway (GK Highway)

Human and Institutional Capacity Building for Afghanistan Energy and Natural Resources (AECB)

Human Resources and Logistical Support (HRLS)

Infrastructure and Rehabilitation Program (IRP) - Power (LBG/B&V)

Infrastructure and Rehabilitation Program (IRP) - Roads (LBG/B&V)

Infrastructure Rehabilitation Program (IRP) - USACE

Kabul Electricity Directorate (KED) Commercialization

Kabul Electricity Service Improvement Project (KESIP)

Kabul Schools Program

Kabul University Facility Renovations and Construction

Kabul Urban Water Supply

Kandahar Commercialization Support

Kandahar-Hilmand Power Project (KHPP)

National Load Control Center

Reactive Power Compensation for NEPS

Reconstruction of the Gardez to Khost Road

Rehabilitation of Economic Facilities and Services (REFS) - Power

Rehabilitation of Economic Facilities and Services (REFS) - Roads

Road Operation and Maintenance Capacity Building Project

Sardar-e-Kabuli Girls’ High School Site Utilities

Schools and Clinics Construction and Refurbishment Program - CHF

Schools and Clinics Construction and Refurbishment Program - IOM

Schools and Clinics Construction and Refurbishment Program - LBGI

Schools and Clinics Construction and Refurbishment Program - Shelter for Life

Schools and Clinics Construction and Refurbishment Program - UMCOR

Schools and Clinics Construction and Refurbishment Program - UNOPS

Sheberghan Gas Development Project

Sheberghan Gas Generation Project

Special Projects: Watershed Studies, Multi-purpose Dam Designs, and Technical Assistance

Strategic Provincial Road-Southern and Eastern Afghanistan (SPR-SEA)

Sustainable Water Resources Management

Tarakhil Power Plant

Technical Support to Afghan Energy Information Center (AEIC)

Infrastructure Snapshot

  • Provided clean water to 615,000 Afghans
  • 3,000 wells built
  • Over 2000km of roads have been built, including 63km of the Gardez-Khost road
  • Completed construction on 615 schools country-wide, most recently the Ghazi boys’ and Sardar girls’ high schools, providing education for 12,000 students in Kabul City
  • In 2002, only 6% of Afghans had access to reliable electricity.  Today, over 20% have access, largely due to our partnerships and work
  • Facilitated 172 additional megawatts to the national power grid, and assisted in connecting more than 3.3 million new people to the electrical grid

(Data as of January 2013)