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12-1849-ATL
Wednesday, October 10, 2012
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Minimum Wage Workers in Kentucky–2011
Of the 1.1 million workers paid hourly rates in Kentucky in 2011, 30,000 earned exactly the prevailing Federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, while 33,000 earned less, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Janet S. Rankin noted that the 63,000 workers earning the Federal minimum wage or less made up 5.8 percent of all hourly-paid workers in the state. Nationwide, those earning the Federal minimum or less accounted for 5.2 percent of the hourly-paid workforce. (The Kentucky minimum wage is equal to the prevailing Federal minimum wage.)
In 2006, 26,000 hourly-paid workers earned the prevailing Federal minimum wage or less in Kentucky—the lowest level since data were first available in 2000–accounting for 2.2 percent of all workers paid an hourly wage. (See chart 1). In 2007, the Federal minimum wage began increasing after holding steady for nearly a decade. The initial result was that more Kentucky workers fell into this category, peaking at 91,000 in 2010.
From 2010 to 2011, the portion of hourly-paid workers in Kentucky who earned at or below the Federal minimum wage declined from 8.1 to 5.8 percent. This marks the first decrease in the portion of workers who earn at or below the Federal minimum wage since 2006. The percentage of workers earning less than the Federal minimum declined 1.2 percent in 2011, while the share earning exactly the minimum wage decreased 1.0 percent.
Of the 63,000 workers earning the prevailing Federal minimum wage or less in Kentucky in 2011, 42,000, or 67 percent, were women. These women represented 7.4 percent of all women paid hourly rates in the state. There were 21,000 men earning the prevailing minimum wage or less in Kentucky; this number made up 4.1 percent of all men who were paid hourly rates in the state. (See table A; numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding.)
Overall, employed wage and salary workers earning hourly rates in Kentucky had median hourly earnings of $12.08 in 2011; nationally, the median was $12.71. The median hourly rates for men and women in Kentucky in 2011 were $12.85 and $11.58, respectively. For the nation, the comparable figures were $13.80 per hour for men and $11.98 per hour for women.
Kentucky | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | Median earnings (in dollars) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below minimum wage | At or below minimum wage | ||||||
Total(2) | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | Total(2) | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | |||
Total, both sexes | ||||||||
2001 |
1,051 | 46 | 22 | 24 | 4.4 | 2.1 | 2.3 | $9.99 |
2002 |
1,062 | 47 | 17 | 30 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 9.98 |
2003 |
1,103 | 36 | 10 | 26 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 10.17 |
2004 |
1,148 | 45 | 15 | 30 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 10.37 |
2005 |
1,120 | 35 | 9 | 26 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 11.01 |
2006 |
1,175 | 26 | 8 | 18 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 11.19 |
2007(3) |
1,152 | 35 | 9 | 26 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 11.41 |
2008(3) |
1,101 | 45 | 9 | 36 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 3.3 | 11.67 |
2009(3) |
1,070 | 77 | 32 | 45 | 7.2 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 11.70 |
2010 |
1,119 | 206 | 43 | 48 | 18.4 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 12.18 |
2011 |
1,077 | 63 | 30 | 33 | 5.8 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 12.08 |
Total, men | ||||||||
2001 |
520 | 14 | 7 | 7 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 10.85 |
2002 |
497 | 17 | 8 | 9 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 11.07 |
2003 |
533 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 11.73 |
2004 |
578 | 22 | 8 | 14 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 11.65 |
2005 |
547 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 12.04 |
2006 |
591 | 13 | 4 | 9 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 12.40 |
2007(3) |
584 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 12.75 |
2008(3) |
559 | 17 | 2 | 15 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 2.7 | 12.96 |
2009(3) |
522 | 25 | 6 | 19 | 4.8 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 12.62 |
2010 |
521 | 27 | 14 | 13 | 5.2 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 13.94 |
2011 |
508 | 21 | 12 | 9 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 12.85 |
Total, women | ||||||||
2001 |
531 | 33 | 15 | 18 | 6.2 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 9.46 |
2002 |
566 | 30 | 9 | 21 | 5.3 | 1.6 | 3.7 | 9.17 |
2003 |
570 | 24 | 5 | 19 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 3.3 | 9.27 |
2004 |
571 | 23 | 7 | 16 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 9.79 |
2005 |
573 | 28 | 8 | 20 | 4.9 | 1.4 | 3.5 | 10.08 |
2006 |
583 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 10.35 |
2007(3) |
568 | 20 | 4 | 16 | 3.5 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 10.19 |
2008(3) |
541 | 28 | 7 | 21 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 10.62 |
2009(3) |
549 | 52 | 26 | 26 | 9.5 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 10.84 |
2010 |
598 | 62 | 28 | 34 | 10.4 | 4.7 | 5.7 | 11.04 |
2011 |
568 | 42 | 18 | 24 | 7.4 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 11.58 |
Footnotes: |
In 2011, Kentucky's proportion of hourly-paid workers earning at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage ranked 18th among the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2011. Georgia had the highest proportion of hourly-paid workers earning at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage, 9.6 percent, followed by Mississippi at 8.5 percent and Texas at 8.0 percent. States with shares of 7.0 percent or higher were Louisiana, West Virginia, South Carolina, Missouri, Virginia, and Kansas. The states with the lowest percentage of workers earning the Federal minimum or below included Oregon, California, Washington, and Alaska, all less than 2.0 percent. It should be noted that, as of January 1, 2012, 18 states and the District of Columbia had laws establishing minimum wage standards that exceeded the federal level of $7.25 per hour. (See table 1 and chart 2.)
Chart 2. Minimum wage laws in the States, January 1, 2012
Technical Note
The Bureau of Labor Statistics' data on minimum wage earners are derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau, using a national sample of about 60,000 households, with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The earnings data are collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample. Data in this summary are annual averages.
Statistics based on the CPS data are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. The differences among data for the states reflect, in part, variations in the occupation, industry, and age composition of each state's labor force. In addition, sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national data.
Minimum wage worker data, particularly levels, for each year are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years because of the introduction of revised population controls used in the CPS. For technical documentation and related information, including reliability of the CPS estimates, see www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
It should be noted that the presence of a sizable number of workers with reported wages below the minimum does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exemptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. The estimates of the numbers of minimum and subminimum wage workers presented in the accompanying tables pertain to workers paid at hourly rates; salaried and other non-hourly workers are excluded. As such, the actual number of workers with earnings at or below the prevailing minimum is undoubtedly understated.
The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981-89. The minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, $4.25 in April 1991, $4.75 in October 1996, and $5.15 in September 1997. On July 24, 2007, the Federal minimum wage increased to $5.85 per hour; on July 24, 2008, to $6.55 per hour; and on July 24, 2009, to $7.25 per hour.
The principal definitions used in connection with the earnings series in this release are described below:
Median hourly earnings. The median is the amount which divides a given earnings distribution into two equal groups, one having earnings above the median and the other having earnings below the median. The median is less sensitive to extreme wages than the mean; this makes it a better measure for highly skewed distributions.
Wage and salary workers. Workers age 16 and over who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. Data refer to earnings on a person's sole or principal job. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but, for the purposes of the earnings series, excludes all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200, TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
OOH Earnings Table Extraction Wizard - output frame
Table 1. Employed wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by State, 2011 annual averages
State
Number of workers (in thousands)
Percent distribution
Percent of workers paid hourly rates
Total paid hourly rates
At or below minimum wage
Total paid hourly rates
At or below minimum wage
At or below minimum wage
Total(1)
At minimum wage
Below minimum wage
Total(1)
At minimum wage
Below minimum wage
Total
At minimum wage
Below minimum wage
Total, 16 years and over
73,926
3,829
1,677
2,152
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.2
2.3
2.9
Alabama
1,147
74
43
31
1.6
1.9
2.6
1.4
6.5
3.7
2.7
Alaska
212
4
1
3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.9
0.5
1.4
Arizona
1,517
85
20
65
2.1
2.2
1.2
3.0
5.6
1.3
4.3
Arkansas
746
49
33
16
1.0
1.3
2.0
0.7
6.6
4.4
2.1
California
8,706
139
53
86
11.8
3.6
3.2
4.0
1.6
0.6
1.0
Colorado
1,222
49
9
40
1.7
1.3
0.5
1.9
4.0
0.7
3.3
Connecticut
870
25
4
21
1.2
0.7
0.2
1.0
2.9
0.5
2.4
Delaware
213
11
3
8
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
5.2
1.4
3.8
District of Columbia
94
4
1
3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
4.3
1.1
3.2
Florida
3,891
246
73
173
5.3
6.4
4.4
8.0
6.3
1.9
4.4
Georgia
2,041
196
105
91
2.8
5.1
6.3
4.2
9.6
5.1
4.5
Hawaii
321
15
8
7
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.3
4.7
2.5
2.2
Idaho
379
19
12
7
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.3
5.0
3.2
1.8
Illinois
3,095
109
29
80
4.2
2.8
1.7
3.7
3.5
0.9
2.6
Indiana
1,730
108
54
54
2.3
2.8
3.2
2.5
6.2
3.1
3.1
Iowa
941
53
28
25
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.2
5.6
3.0
2.7
Kansas
802
56
27
29
1.1
1.5
1.6
1.3
7.0
3.4
3.6
Kentucky
1,077
63
30
33
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.5
5.8
2.8
3.1
Louisiana
1011
75
33
42
1.4
2.0
2.0
2.0
7.4
3.3
4.2
Maine
381
14
3
11
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.5
3.7
0.8
2.9
Maryland
1,274
65
27
38
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.8
5.1
2.1
3.0
Massachusetts
1,539
60
11
49
2.1
1.6
0.7
2.3
3.9
0.7
3.2
Michigan
2,550
117
29
88
3.4
3.1
1.7
4.1
4.6
1.1
3.5
Minnesota
1,544
78
47
31
2.1
2.0
2.8
1.4
5.1
3.0
2.0
Mississippi
686
58
37
21
0.9
1.5
2.2
1.0
8.5
5.4
3.1
Missouri
1,543
109
54
55
2.1
2.8
3.2
2.6
7.1
3.5
3.6
Montana
271
10
6
4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.2
3.7
2.2
1.5
Nebraska
532
29
15
14
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.7
5.5
2.8
2.6
Nevada
670
22
9
13
0.9
0.6
0.5
0.6
3.3
1.3
1.9
New Hampshire
368
14
4
10
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.5
3.8
1.1
2.7
New Jersey
1,795
99
41
58
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.7
5.5
2.3
3.2
New Mexico
459
20
6
14
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.7
4.4
1.3
3.1
New York
3,930
199
91
108
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.0
5.1
2.3
2.7
North Carolina
2,055
140
65
75
2.8
3.7
3.9
3.5
6.8
3.2
3.6
North Dakota
208
11
6
5
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
5.3
2.9
2.4
Ohio
3,224
150
27
123
4.4
3.9
1.6
5.7
4.7
0.8
3.8
Oklahoma
828
56
36
20
1.1
1.5
2.1
0.9
6.8
4.3
2.4
Oregon
1010
12
4
8
1.4
0.3
0.2
0.4
1.2
0.4
0.8
Pennsylvania
3,400
193
97
96
4.6
5.0
5.8
4.5
5.7
2.9
2.8
Rhode Island
289
11
3
8
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.4
3.8
1.0
2.8
South Carolina
1,078
79
42
37
1.5
2.1
2.5
1.7
7.3
3.9
3.4
South Dakota
253
13
7
6
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
5.1
2.8
2.4
Tennesee
1,455
101
48
53
2.0
2.6
2.9
2.5
6.9
3.3
3.6
Texas
5,896
473
259
214
8.0
12.4
15.4
9.9
8.0
4.4
3.6
Utah
765
35
15
20
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
4.6
2.0
2.6
Vermont
182
4
1
3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
2.2
0.5
1.6
Virginia
1,697
121
57
64
2.3
3.2
3.4
3.0
7.1
3.4
3.8
Washington
1,686
31
6
25
2.3
0.8
0.4
1.2
1.8
0.4
1.5
West Virginia
462
34
20
14
0.6
0.9
1.2
0.7
7.4
4.3
3.0
Wisconsin
1,711
78
32
46
2.3
2.0
1.9
2.1
4.6
1.9
2.7
Wyoming
167
10
5
5
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
6.0
3.0
3.0
Footnotes:
(1) Data may not add to totals due to rounding.
NOTE: Data exclude all self-employed persons whether or not their businesses are incorporated. Users are reminded that these data are based on a sample and therefore are subject to sampling error; the degree of error may be quite large for less populous States. It is not possible to determine whether workers surveyed in the CPS are actually covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or by individual State minimum wage laws. Thus, some workers reported as earning the prevailing Federal minimum wage may not in fact be covered by Federal or State minimum wage laws. Also, there are a number of States that have minimum wages that exceed the Federal minimum wage. At the same time, the presence of a sizable number of workers with wages below the prevailing Federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the FLSA or applicable State laws, because there are numerous exclusions and exemptions to these minimum wage statutes. Hourly earnings do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips.
Technical Note
The Bureau of Labor Statistics' data on minimum wage earners are derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau, using a national sample of about 60,000 households, with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The earnings data are collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample. Data in this summary are annual averages.
Statistics based on the CPS data are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. The differences among data for the states reflect, in part, variations in the occupation, industry, and age composition of each state's labor force. In addition, sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national data.
Minimum wage worker data, particularly levels, for each year are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years because of the introduction of revised population controls used in the CPS. For technical documentation and related information, including reliability of the CPS estimates, see www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
It should be noted that the presence of a sizable number of workers with reported wages below the minimum does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exemptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. The estimates of the numbers of minimum and subminimum wage workers presented in the accompanying tables pertain to workers paid at hourly rates; salaried and other non-hourly workers are excluded. As such, the actual number of workers with earnings at or below the prevailing minimum is undoubtedly understated.
The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981-89. The minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, $4.25 in April 1991, $4.75 in October 1996, and $5.15 in September 1997. On July 24, 2007, the Federal minimum wage increased to $5.85 per hour; on July 24, 2008, to $6.55 per hour; and on July 24, 2009, to $7.25 per hour.
The principal definitions used in connection with the earnings series in this release are described below:
Median hourly earnings. The median is the amount which divides a given earnings distribution into two equal groups, one having earnings above the median and the other having earnings below the median. The median is less sensitive to extreme wages than the mean; this makes it a better measure for highly skewed distributions.
Wage and salary workers. Workers age 16 and over who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. Data refer to earnings on a person's sole or principal job. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but, for the purposes of the earnings series, excludes all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200, TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
State | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below minimum wage | Total paid hourly rates | At or below minimum wage | At or below minimum wage | |||||||
Total(1) | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | Total(1) | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | Total | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | |||
Total, 16 years and over |
73,926 | 3,829 | 1,677 | 2,152 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 5.2 | 2.3 | 2.9 |
Alabama |
1,147 | 74 | 43 | 31 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 6.5 | 3.7 | 2.7 |
Alaska |
212 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
Arizona |
1,517 | 85 | 20 | 65 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 5.6 | 1.3 | 4.3 |
Arkansas |
746 | 49 | 33 | 16 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 6.6 | 4.4 | 2.1 |
California |
8,706 | 139 | 53 | 86 | 11.8 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
Colorado |
1,222 | 49 | 9 | 40 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 3.3 |
Connecticut |
870 | 25 | 4 | 21 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 0.5 | 2.4 |
Delaware |
213 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 3.8 |
District of Columbia |
94 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 3.2 |
Florida |
3,891 | 246 | 73 | 173 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 4.4 | 8.0 | 6.3 | 1.9 | 4.4 |
Georgia |
2,041 | 196 | 105 | 91 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 6.3 | 4.2 | 9.6 | 5.1 | 4.5 |
Hawaii |
321 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 4.7 | 2.5 | 2.2 |
Idaho |
379 | 19 | 12 | 7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 5.0 | 3.2 | 1.8 |
Illinois |
3,095 | 109 | 29 | 80 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 2.6 |
Indiana |
1,730 | 108 | 54 | 54 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 6.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
Iowa |
941 | 53 | 28 | 25 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 5.6 | 3.0 | 2.7 |
Kansas |
802 | 56 | 27 | 29 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 7.0 | 3.4 | 3.6 |
Kentucky |
1,077 | 63 | 30 | 33 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 5.8 | 2.8 | 3.1 |
Louisiana |
1011 | 75 | 33 | 42 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 7.4 | 3.3 | 4.2 |
Maine |
381 | 14 | 3 | 11 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 2.9 |
Maryland |
1,274 | 65 | 27 | 38 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 3.0 |
Massachusetts |
1,539 | 60 | 11 | 49 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 0.7 | 3.2 |
Michigan |
2,550 | 117 | 29 | 88 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 1.1 | 3.5 |
Minnesota |
1,544 | 78 | 47 | 31 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 5.1 | 3.0 | 2.0 |
Mississippi |
686 | 58 | 37 | 21 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 8.5 | 5.4 | 3.1 |
Missouri |
1,543 | 109 | 54 | 55 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 7.1 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
Montana |
271 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 3.7 | 2.2 | 1.5 |
Nebraska |
532 | 29 | 15 | 14 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 5.5 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
Nevada |
670 | 22 | 9 | 13 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 1.9 |
New Hampshire |
368 | 14 | 4 | 10 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 2.7 |
New Jersey |
1,795 | 99 | 41 | 58 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 5.5 | 2.3 | 3.2 |
New Mexico |
459 | 20 | 6 | 14 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 4.4 | 1.3 | 3.1 |
New York |
3,930 | 199 | 91 | 108 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
North Carolina |
2,055 | 140 | 65 | 75 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 6.8 | 3.2 | 3.6 |
North Dakota |
208 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 5.3 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
Ohio |
3,224 | 150 | 27 | 123 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 0.8 | 3.8 |
Oklahoma |
828 | 56 | 36 | 20 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 6.8 | 4.3 | 2.4 |
Oregon |
1010 | 12 | 4 | 8 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
Pennsylvania |
3,400 | 193 | 97 | 96 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 2.8 |
Rhode Island |
289 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 2.8 |
South Carolina |
1,078 | 79 | 42 | 37 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 7.3 | 3.9 | 3.4 |
South Dakota |
253 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Tennesee |
1,455 | 101 | 48 | 53 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 3.3 | 3.6 |
Texas |
5,896 | 473 | 259 | 214 | 8.0 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 9.9 | 8.0 | 4.4 | 3.6 |
Utah |
765 | 35 | 15 | 20 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 4.6 | 2.0 | 2.6 |
Vermont |
182 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
Virginia |
1,697 | 121 | 57 | 64 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 7.1 | 3.4 | 3.8 |
Washington |
1,686 | 31 | 6 | 25 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
West Virginia |
462 | 34 | 20 | 14 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 7.4 | 4.3 | 3.0 |
Wisconsin |
1,711 | 78 | 32 | 46 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 4.6 | 1.9 | 2.7 |
Wyoming |
167 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
Footnotes: |
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NOTE: Data exclude all self-employed persons whether or not their businesses are incorporated. Users are reminded that these data are based on a sample and therefore are subject to sampling error; the degree of error may be quite large for less populous States. It is not possible to determine whether workers surveyed in the CPS are actually covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or by individual State minimum wage laws. Thus, some workers reported as earning the prevailing Federal minimum wage may not in fact be covered by Federal or State minimum wage laws. Also, there are a number of States that have minimum wages that exceed the Federal minimum wage. At the same time, the presence of a sizable number of workers with wages below the prevailing Federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the FLSA or applicable State laws, because there are numerous exclusions and exemptions to these minimum wage statutes. Hourly earnings do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips. |
Last Modified Date: October 10, 2012