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2013
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Environmental Scan 2012|7th Edition
National Institute of Corrections Information Center (Aurora, CO).
Beginning in the late 1990’s, the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) Information Center began scanning social, economic and corrections issues to inform the development of programs and services offered by NIC. This report, now in its 7th edition, has continued to evolve into a popular tool that is also used by corrections practitioners to inform their work in jails, prisons and community corrections. Since there are many issues beyond what is addressed in this environmental scan that potent... Read More
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38 pages
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2012
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Offender Workforce Development Specialists and Their Impact on the Post-Release Outcomes of Ex-Offenders
By Lichtenberger, Eric.
Administrative Office of the United States Courts (Washington, DC).
This article “highlights the findings of a program evaluation that used post-release outcome information, among other sources, to determine the impact of the National Institute of Correction’s (NIC) Offender Workforce Development Specialist (OWDS) program as it was implemented by the Kansas Department of Corrections (KDOC) … The purpose of the evaluation was to determine the extent to which the OWD specialists, and in aggregate the program itself, had contributed to the successful re-entry of ex... Read More
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8 pages
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2012
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Underage Drinking: Practice Guidelines for Community Corrections
By Crowe, Ann H.; Mullins, Tracy G.; Cobb, Kimberly A.; Lowe, Nathan C..
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
'In this bulletin, the authors describe 10 guidelines for community supervision professionals who regularly work with underage drinkers. These guidelines are derived from evidence-based practices. They help professionals develop a plan for screening underage drinkers, determine appropriate responses, create a case plan, and provide treatment' (p. 1). These guidelines are: conduct screening for alcohol problems at first and subsequent contacts between underage drinkers and the justice system; ass... Read More
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16 pages
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2012
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What Propels Sexual Homicide Offenders? Testing an Integrated Theory of Social Learning and Routine Activities Theories
By Chan, Heng Choon.
University of South Florida. Scholar Commons (Tampa, FL).
'Sexual homicide is a rare occurrence. Little is known about the offending perspective of sexual homicide from a criminological standpoint ' According to [an] integrative model, the individual-level view of the sexual murderers is explained by the social learning principles, while the offending process is complemented by the routine activities propositions from a micro-level to provide a better explained sexual homicide offending model. However, this model has yet to be tested empirically. In ad... Read More
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201 pages
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2012
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National Jail and Adult Detention Directory: 2011-2013
American Correctional Association (ACA) (Alexandria, VA).
Contact information for jails and detention centers in the U.S. is provided. Additional information (if available) includes date of opening and renovation (if applicable), rated capacity, ADP (average daily population), if cogender, housing type, jurisdiction, detention facilities, number of staff, programs, Fiscal Year 2010 budget, and confined population. Nationwide summaries are also supplied for: the number of facilities nationwide (broken down by state); the fifty largest local jail jurisdi... Read More
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605 pages
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2012
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Key Facts: Youth in the Justice System
Campaign for Youth Justice (Washington, DC).
This publication is a great primer for those people wanting a concise overview of juvenile justice issues. Information is provided for: youth crime; youth in the juvenile justice system—juvenile court process, and juvenile detention and corrections; youth in the adult criminal justice system—housing youth in adult jails and prisons; racial and ethnic disparities; family involvement; and cost effective alternatives.... Read More
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7 pages
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2012
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State-Level Estimates of Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States, 2010
By Uggen, Christopher; Shannon, Sarah; Manza, Jeff.
The Sentencing Project (Washington, DC).
“The United States is one of the world’s strictest nations when it comes to denying the right to vote to citizens convicted of crimes. A remarkable 5.85 million Americans are forbidden to vote because of “felon disenfranchisement,” or laws restricting voting rights for those convicted of felony-level crimes … [The authors’] goal is to provide statistics that will help contextualize and anticipate the potential effects of felon disenfranchisement on elections in November 2012” (p. 1). Sections of... Read More
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19 pages
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2012
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HIV in Prisons, 2001-2010
By Maruschak, Laura M..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
This bulletin “[p]resents national trends in the rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related death rates among state and federal prison inmates from 2001 to 2010. The bulletin also presents annual statistics on HIV/AIDS for state and federal inmates by jurisdiction from 2008 to 2010. The number of cases is reported for males and females and distinguishes between inmates who tested positive for HIV and inmates with confirmed AIDS. Ta... Read More
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13 pages
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2012
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Juvenile Court Statistics 2009
By Puzzanchera, Charles; Adams, Benjamin; Hockenberry, Sarah.
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
National Center for Juvenile Justice (Pittsburgh, PA).
Delinquency and status offense cases managed by U.S. courts with juvenile jurisdiction between 1985 and 2009 are analyzed and commented on. This report contains four chapters: introduction; national estimates of delinquency cases—counts and trends, case rates, age at referral, gender, and race; national estimates of delinquency case processing -- referral, detention, intake decision, waiver, adjudication, dispositions (out-of-home placement and probation), and case processing; and national esti... Read More
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152 p.
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2012
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Immigration Offenders in the Federal Justice System, 2010
By Motivans, Mark.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
This study “[p]resents data on criminal and civil immigration violations handled by the federal justice system. The report details recent trends in immigration apprehensions and arrests, processing of immigration matters in federal court, and correctional supervision of immigration offenders. It describes immigration violators by sex, age, country of origin, type of offense, prior criminal record, and geographic location where apprehended in the U.S. It looks at prosecution, adjudication, and se... Read More
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44 pages
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2012
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Probation and Parole in the United States, 2011
By Maruschak, Laura M.; Parks, Erika.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
"Presents data on adult offenders under community supervision while on probation or parole during 2011. The report describes trends in the overall community supervision population and analyzes changes in the probation and parole populations. It provides statistics on the number of offenders entering and exiting probation and parole and their average length of stay. The report describes the outcomes of supervision, including the rate at which offenders completed their term of supervision or were ... Read More
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21 pages
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2012
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State-by-State Comparison of Life without Parole
This chart shows the following data per state—prison population, lifers, life without parole (LWOP), percent LWOP, executed, LWOP or executed, and percent LWOP/executed. Figures for Illinois and Utah are unavailable.... Read More
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2 pages
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2012
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Mortality In Local Jails And State Prisons, 2000-2010 - Statistical Tables
By Noonan, Margaret E..
Statistics about the 4,150 inmate deaths occurring in local jails and state prisons during 2000-2010 are presented. Some of the findings show that most inmates expired in state prisons (78%) with suicide being the leading cause of death in jails and cancer being the most common in prisons.... Read More
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28 pages
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2012
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Sheriffs' Offices, 2007 - Statistical Tables
By Burch, Andrea M. .
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
"Presents data collected from a nationally representative sample of sheriffs' offices on a variety of agency characteristics. Data from the 2007 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey provide national estimates on staffing, operating costs, race, ethnicity and sex of deputies, deputy salaries, screening methods for hiring, and training requirements for new deputies. These data also describe sheriffs' offices in terms of types of weapons authorized, equipment, use... Read More
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25 pages
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2012
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On the Chopping Block 2012: State Prison Closings
By Porter, Nicole D..
The Sentencing Project (Washington, DC).
The closing of state prisons is examined. “In 2012, at least six states have closed 20 prison institutions or are contemplating doing so, potentially reducing prison capacity by over 14,100 beds and resulting in an estimated $337 million in savings. During 2012, Florida led the nation in prison closings with its closure of 10 correctional facilities; the state’s estimated cost savings for prison closings total over $65 million” (p. 1). Sections of this report address: basis for closures—reductio... Read More
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12 pages
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2012
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Key Elements of the Affordable Care Act: Interface with Correctional Settings and Inmate Health Care
Coalition of Correctional Health Authorities (CCHA) (Alexandria, VA); American Correctional Association (ACA) (Alexandria, VA).
'Understanding the key elements of the Affordable Care Act and how it will affect corrections and correctional health care is critical as planning and implementation progress ' Several provisions of the act have direct and indirect effects on the corrections profession, inmate health care and reentry provisions, thereby making it essential that correctional leaders carefully engage their state governments and community partners ' This document provides an overview of the key elements of the Affo... Read More
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16 pages
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2012
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Statistics on Women Offenders
By Sipes, Leonard A., Jr..
corrections.com (Quincy, MA).
Statistics related to female offenders are provided and organized according to: state and federal prisoners; prison, jail, and community supervision; previous years; HIV; mental health; physical or sexual abuse; physical or sexual violence; women offenders and children; drug use; family violence; and returning home (reentry).... Read More
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2 pages
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2012
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Sexual Victimization Reported by Former State Prisoners, 2008
By Beck, Allen J.; Johnson, Candace.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
This report presents “data on sexual victimization experienced by former state prisoners during their prior term of incarceration, including any time served in a local jail, state prison, or postrelease community-correctional facility.” Sections of this publication address: highlights; incidents of sexual victimization; type of coercion and physical injury; circumstances surrounding victimization; variations by sex of former inmates; variations by other individual-level characteristics; variatio... Read More
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52 pages
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2012
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Trends in U.S. Corrections
The Sentencing Project (Washington, DC).
This is a nice set of charts showing various correctional trends. Charts show: state and federal prions population, 1925-2010; federal and state prison population, by offense, 2010; number of people in federal prisons for drug offenses, 1980.2010; number of people in prisons and jails for drug offenses, 1980 and 2010; population under control of the U.S. corrections system by facility type, 1980 and 2010; international rates of incarceration, 2011; lifetime likelihood of imprisonment; number of ... Read More
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7 pages
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2012
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Jail Inmates at Midyear 2011 -- Statistical Tables
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
“Presents number of jails and jail inmates at midyear 2011. This report describes annual change in jail populations and patterns of change from 2000 through 2011. The report shows rated capacity of jails and percent of capacity occupied. It provides estimates of admissions to jails, details the volume of movement among the jail population, and presents the distribution of jail inmates by sex, race, and Hispanic origin. It also includes standard errors for jail estimates.”
“The U.S. jail inmat... Read More
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2012
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Highlights of the 2010 National Youth Gang Survey
By Egley, Arlen, Jr,; Howell, James C..
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
Those individuals concerned about juvenile gangs in the United States should read this review. Sections of this summary are: key points; survey findings for gang-related offenses, gang-member migration, and external gang influences; and conclusion. “The prevalence rate of gang activity remained relatively stable from 2005 to 2010, in contrast to the drop in overall crime over the past decade. In 2010, gang activity and serious gang crime remained highly concentrated in the most populated jurisdi... Read More
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4 pages
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2012
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Justice Expenditure And Employment
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
"Presents data from the Census Bureau's Annual Government Finance Survey and Annual Survey of Public Employment. This series includes national, federal, and state-level estimates of government expenditures and employment for the following justice categories: police protection, all judicial functions (including prosecution, courts, and public defense), and corrections. Data for large local governments (counties with populations of 500,000 or more and cities with populations of 300,000 or more) ar... Read More
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2012
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Veterans Treatment Court Resources
Justice for Vets (Justice4Vets) (Alexandria, VA).
Information regarding Veteran Treatment Courts (VTCs) can be found on this website. 'Veteran Treatment Courts hold veterans accountable to themselves and to the community ' The Veterans Treatment Court model requires regular court appearances (a bi-weekly minimum in the early phases of the program), as well as mandatory attendance at treatment sessions and frequent and random testing for substance use (drug and/or alcohol). Veterans respond favorably to this structured environment given their p... Read More
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2012
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Performance Incentive Funding: Aligning Fiscal and Operational Responsibility to Produce More Safety at Less Cost
Vera Institute of Justice. Center on Sentencing and Corrections (New York, NY); Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Center on the States (Washington, DC); Metropolis Strategies (Chicago, IL).
'With PIF [performance incentive funding], agencies or localities receive a financial reward for delivering fewer prison commitments through reduced recidivism and revocations that, in turn, must be reinvested into evidence-based programs in the community' (p. 2). This report explains how an agency can design and implement a PIF program that reduces costs while ensuring public safety, a viable option for your locality. Sections of this report include: executive summary; introduction; the problem... Read More
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24 pages
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2012
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Anger Management for Substance Abuse and Mental Health Clients: A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Manual [and] Participant Workbook [Lesson Plan and Participant's Manual]|Revised [edition]
By Reilly, Patrick M.; Shopshire, Michael S..
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (Rockville, MD).
'Despite the connection of anger and violence to substance abuse, few treatments have been developed to address anger and violence problems among people who abuse substances. Clinicians have found the dearth of treatment approaches for this important issue disheartening. To provide clinicians with tools to help deal with this important issue, the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration is pleased to present 'Anger Management for Subst... Read More
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2 volumes (volume 1 - 68 pages, volume 2 - 49 pages)
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2012
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Psychopathy: An Important Forensic Concept for the 21st Century
By Babiak, Paul; Folino, Jorge; Hancock, Jeffrey; Hare, Robert D.; Logan, Matthew; Mayer, Elizabeth Leon; Meloy, J. Reid; Hakkanen-Nyholm, Helina; O'Toole, Mary Ellen; Pinizzotto, Anthony; Porter, Stephen; Smith, Sharon; Woodworth, Michael.
This article provides a great portrait of who a psychopath is. It covers: psychopathy and personality disorder; traits and characteristics; chameleons and predators; myth busting; presence in society; assessment tool; victims; and concluding remarks. 'Psychopathy has been described as the single most important clinical construct in the criminal justice system. More recently, it is considered 'the most important forensic concept of the early 21st century.' Because of its relevance to law enforcem... Read More
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6 pages
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2012
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Arrest in the United States, 1990-2010
By Snyder, Howard N..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
Arrest trends over the twenty year period of 1990 to 2010 are presented. Sections of this report are: highlights; introduction; murder and non-negligent manslaughter; forcible rape and other sex offenses; robbery; aggravated assault; simple assault; burglary; larceny-theft; motor vehicle theft; weapon law violations; and drug abuse violations. 'The number of murder arrests in the U.S. fell by half between 1990 and 2010. The adult and juvenile arrest rates dropped substantially in the 1990s, whil... Read More
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26 pages
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2011
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Criminal Alien Statistics: Information on Incarcerations, Arrests, and Costs
U.S. Government Accountability Office (Washington, DC).
“This report addresses (1) the number and nationalities of incarcerated criminal aliens; (2) the types of offenses for which criminal aliens were arrested and convicted; and (3) the costs associated with incarcerating criminal aliens and the extent to which DOJ's methodology for reimbursing states and localities for incarcerating criminal aliens is current and relevant.” Statistics are provided for criminal alien incarcerations and nationalities, criminal alien arrests and convictions, estimated... Read More
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71 pages
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2011
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Jail Inmates at Midyear 2010 -- Statistical Tables
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
"Presents data on numbers of jails as well as analyzes patterns of growth and decline in jail populations. These statistical tables include data on rated capacity of jails, percent of capacity occupied, and capacity added. They provide estimates of admissions to jails and detail the volume of movement among the jail population. This web document also includes total numbers for jail inmates by sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Standard errors for jail estimates are included.
"Highlights include th... Read More
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2011
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National Corrections Reporting Program, 2009 - Statistical Tables (Update)
By Bonczar, Thomas P..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
"This update adds data for 2009 to the electronic series of selected tables on most serious offense, sentence length, and time served in state prison. The National Corrections Reporting Program collects demographic information, conviction offenses, sentence length, credited jail time, type of admission, type of release, and time served from individual prisoner records in participating jurisdictions."... Read More
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2011
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2010 Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics
U.S. Sentencing Commission (Washington, DC).
"[D]escriptive statistics on the application of the federal sentencing guidelines and . . . selected district, circuit, and national sentencing data" for fiscal year 2010 are provided (p. iii). Statistics are organized into the following areas: circuit and district statistics; primary offense and offender characteristics; sentencing information; guideline application; departures and sentences within the guideline range; drug cases; immigration cases; organizational sentencing practices; sentenc... Read More
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284 p.
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2011
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Highlights of the 2009 National Youth Gang Survey
By Egley, Arlen, Jr,; Howell, James C..
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
Those individuals concerned about juvenile gangs in the United States should read this review. Sections of this summary are: key points; survey findings for gang prevalence, gang activity, and gang homicides; and factors influencing local gang violence—drug-related, intergang conflict, and returning inmates.... Read More
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4 pages
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2011
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Trends in Juvenile Detention in Australia
By Richards, Kelly.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
This report looks at key trends in Australia’s juvenile detention. It can be used as a good comparison of juvenile detention in Australia versus that in the United States. Sections of this publication include: trends in juvenile detention—sex age, indigenous status, legal status (remanded or sentenced); key issues—increase in proportion of remanded juveniles and indigenous juveniles in detention; and conclusion.... Read More
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8 pages
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2011
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Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 2008
By Reaves, Brian A..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
"This report includes the number of state and local law enforcement agencies as of September 2008 and the number of sworn and civilian employees. Breakdowns are presented for general purpose agencies, including local police departments, sheriffs' offices, and primary state law enforcement agencies. The report also provides data for agencies that serve special jurisdictions "such as parks, college campuses, airports, or transit systems" or that have special enforcement responsibilities pertaining... Read More
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2011
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Sexual Victimization Reported by Adult Correctional Authorities, 2007–2008
By Beck, Allen J.; Guerino, Paul.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
“Examines 2007 and 2008 data from the Survey of Sexual Violence (SSV). Conducted since 2004, the SSV is an annual collection of official records on incidents of inmate-on-inmate and staff-on-inmate sexual victimization. This report presents counts of nonconsensual sexual acts, abusive sexual contacts, staff sexual misconduct, and staff sexual harassment reported to correctional authorities in adult prisons, jails, and other adult correctional facilities. Appendix tables include counts of sexual ... Read More
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62 pages
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2011
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Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2008: Selected Findings
By Hockenberry, Sarah; Sickmund, Melissa; Sladky, Anthony.
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
The Juvenile Residential Facility Census (JRFC) is designed to collect information regarding juvenile facilities and their operations. The number of juveniles in custody has decreased from 2006 by 12%, with overcrowding at 3% of facilities. Other findings include: although most facilities are small and private, most offenders are held in large public facilities; security features and size varied across types of facilities; facility crowding affected a substantial proportion of youth in custody; ... Read More
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12 p.
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2011
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Mental and Substance Use Disorders among Adult Men on Probation or Parole: Some Success against a Persistent Challenge
By Feucht, Thomas E.; Gfroerer, Joseph.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applies Studies (Rockville, MD); National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Issues related to adult males with mental and substance-use disorders on supervised release be it parole or probation are discussed. Sections of this report include: abstract; introduction; methods; results for trends in the number of probationers and parolees, and substance use, dependence, and abuse and unmet treatment need among probationers, and rates of mental disorders among parolees and probationers over time; and discussion. There is significant need for the provision of treatment and re... Read More
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16 pages
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2011
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Arrest in the United States, 1980-2009
By Snyder, Howard N..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
Arrest trends over the thirty year period of 1980 to 2009 are presented. Sections of this report are: highlights; introduction; murder and non-negligent manslaughter; forcible rape; robbery; aggravated assault; simple assault; burglary; larceny-theft; motor vehicle theft; weapon law violations; and drug abuse violations. “Over the 30-year period ending in 2009, the adult arrest rate for murder fell 57%, while the juvenile arrest rate fell 44%.”... Read More
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24 pages
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2011
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Juvenile Court Statistics 2008
By Puzzanchera, Charles; Adams, Benjamin; Sickmund, Melissa.
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
National Center for Juvenile Justice (Pittsburgh, PA).
Delinquency and status offense cases managed by U.S. courts with juvenile jurisdiction between 1985 and 2008 are analyzed and commented on. This report contains four chapters: introduction; national estimates of delinquency cases—counts and trends, case rates, age at referral, gender, and race; national estimates of delinquency case processing -- referral, detention, intake decision, waiver, adjudication, dispositions (out-of-home placement and probation), and case processing; and national esti... Read More
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150 p.
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2011
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Probation and Parole in the United States, 2010
By Bonczar, Thomas P.; Glaze, Lauren E..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
Statistics regarding adult offenders under community supervision, either probation or parole during 2010, are presented. The number of offenders entering and exiting probation and parole is covered along with the turnover of these populations. Characteristics of adults on probation or parole such as sex, race, status of supervision, type of offense, most serious offense, maximum sentence to incarceration, type of release from prison, tracking by a global positioning system (GPS), and sex offende... Read More
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52 pages
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2011
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Florida Mortality Study: Florida Law Enforcement and Corrections Officers compared to Florida General Population
Florida State Lodge (Tallahassee, FL).
This study was conducted to determine if there is a difference in lifespan between law enforcement and correctional officers and the general public. Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; research parameters; Florida general population; Florida Division of Retirement (FRS) Special Risk Class (Law Enforcement and Corrections); population comparison; and conclusion. On average, law enforcement and correctional officers died 12 years earlier than the general population. In o... Read More
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13 pages
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2011
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Capital Punishment, 2010 - Statistical Tables
By Snell, Tracey L..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
Information is provided about people under sentence of death or executed during 2010. Highlights include: four sates (California, Florida, Texas, and Pennsylvania) hold over half of the total inmates on death row of which 55% are white and 42% are black; 12 states executed 46 inmates; and lethal injection is authorized in every state with capital punishment. Tables cover: capital offenses by state; method of execution; federal capital offenses; prisoners under sentence of death by region, jurisd... Read More
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2011
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Federal Justice Statistics 2009 -- Statistical Tables
By Motivans, Mark.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
Information regarding criminal case processing from arrest and booking to sentencing and corrections for the federal justice system is presented. “These statistical tables present the number of suspects arrested and booked by the U.S. Marshals Service, suspects in matters investigated and prosecuted by U.S. attorneys, defendants adjudicated and sentenced in U.S. district court, and characteristics of federal prisoners and offenders under federal supervision” (p. 1). Tables are organized into thr... Read More
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62 pages
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2011
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Juvenile Arrests 2009
By Puzzanchera, Charles; Adams, Benjamin.
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
This publication provides a “comprehensive statistical overview of the problems of juvenile crime, violence, and victimization and the response of the juvenile justice system” (p. 1). Data show that juvenile crime is not on the rise. Arrests of juveniles for violent offenses dropped 10% from 2008 to 2009. Since arrest rates hit their peak in 1994, there has been a decline of almost 50%. Yet, the juvenile arrest rate for simple assault, which is the most common juvenile crime against people, has... Read More
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24 pages
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2011
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Arrest-Related Deaths, 2003-2009 - Statistical Tables
By Burch, Andrea M..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
Information regarding the “circumstances of deaths that occur during, or shortly after, state or local law enforcement officers engage in an arrest or restraint process” is presented. Sixty-one percent (61%) of arrest-related deaths were due to homicides by law enforcement personnel, with 11% due to suicide, 11% due to intoxication, 6% due to accidental injuries, and 5% due to natural causes.... Read More
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16 pages
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2011
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Uses and Abuses of Crime Statistics
By Weatherburn, Don.
New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (Sydney, NSW).
“This bulletin should help readers obtain a better understanding of the use of crime statistics, while strengthening their capacity to spot instances of flagrant abuse” (p. 15). Sections of this report cover: the diversity of crime; sources of information about crime; the reliability of these sources; measuring trends in crime; uses of crime statistics—measuring crime trends, measuring variation in prevalence, determining who is most at risk, mapping the distribution of crime, evaluating law and... Read More
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16 pages
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2011
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Failure to Register as a Predictor of Sex Offense Recidivism: The Big Bad Wolf or a Red Herring?
By Zgoba, Kristen M.; Levenson, Jill.
The relationship between the failure of sex offenders to register following release from prison and reoffending, whether sexually or non-sexually, is examined. This is achieved through a comparison of FTR (fail to register) offenders and non-FTR offenders over the period of 1980 to 2008. 'Failure to register was not a significant predictor of sexual recidivism, casting doubt on the belief that sex offenders who are noncompliant with registration are especially sexually dangerous. Few differences... Read More
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22 pages
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2010
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The Death Penalty in 2010: Year End Report
Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC) (Washington, DC).
Year end 2010 statistics regarding the death penalty are provided. Sections of this report include: quick statistics for the death penalty, executions since 1976, and public opinion; executions slowed by lethal injection controversy; Texas use drops as evidence points to mistakes; death sentences remain near historic lows; death row inmates by state; economics casts new light on the death penalty; arbitrariness persists; notable quotes; editorials; and conclusion. Sixty-one percent (61%) of Amer... Read More
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8 pages
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2010
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Overview of Federal Criminal Cases: Fiscal Year 2009
By Schmitt, Glenn R..
U.S. Sentencing Commission (Washington, DC).
An overview is provided of cases involving 81,372 individual defendants and 177 corporations or “organizational” defendants. Sections of this brief include; case load at a glance; offender characteristics; case disposition; the most common crimes—immigration, drugs, firearms and other weapons, and fraud; organizational cases; and resentencings and other modifications of sentence.... Read More
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14 p.
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2010
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Environmental Scan 2010
National Institute of Corrections Information Center (Aurora, CO).
"Beginning in the late 1990’s, the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) Information Center began scanning social, economic and corrections issues to inform the development of programs and services offered by NIC. This report, now in its 5th edition, has continued to evolve into a popular tool that is also used by corrections practitioners to inform their work in jails, prisons and community corrections. Since there are many issues beyond what is addressed in this environmental scan that poten... Read More
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20 pages
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2010
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Juveniles in Residential Placement, 1997-2008
By Sickmund, Melissa.
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
People who work with juvenile offenders will find this document of interest, especially those individuals involved in residential placement. This overview presents results from the National Juvenile Justice Data Collection Program. During 2008 there were 263 juvenile offenders in residential placement per 100,000 juveniles incarcerated in the general population. California had 14,034 juveniles in placement—the most of any state.... Read More
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2 p.
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2010
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Youth’s Needs and Services: Findings from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement
By Sedlak, Andrea J.; McPherson, Karla S..
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
This bulletin should be interesting reading for people concerned with the needs and related services of confined juveniles. Observations are organized according to mental health, mental health services, substance abuse, substance abuse counseling, health care, healthcare services, education, education services, and females in custody.... Read More
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12 p.
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2010
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Juvenile Court Statistics 2006-2007
By Puzzanchera, Charles; Adams, Benjamin; Sickmund, Melissa.
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
National Center for Juvenile Justice (Pittsburgh, PA).
Delinquency and status offense cases managed by U.S. courts with juvenile jurisdiction between 1985 and 2007 are analyzed and commented on. This report contains four chapters: introduction; national estimates of delinquency cases; national estimates of delinquency case processing -- referral, detention, intake decision, waiver, adjudication, dispositions (out-of-home placement and probation), and case processing; and national estimates of petitioned status offense cases by counts and trends, ca... Read More
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156 p.
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2010
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Mortality in Local Jails, 2000-2007
By Noonan, Margaret.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
Statistics about the 8,110 inmate deaths occurring in local jails during 2000-2007 are presented. Some findings are: over 80% of U.S. jails had no deaths in their custody; 53% of all deaths were due to illness with heart disease being the leading cause; and “suicide was the only cause of death that occurred at a higher rate in local jails than in the U.S. general population” (p.1).... Read More
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19 p.
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2010
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Sexual Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by Inmates, 2008-09
By Beck, Allen J.; Harrison, Paige M.; Berzofsky, Marcus; Caspar, Rachel; Krebs, Christopher.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC); RTI International (Research Triangle Park, NC).
Results from the second National Inmate Survey (NIS-2) documenting inmate sexual assault are presented. The NIS-2 “is part of the National Prison Rape Statistics Program, which collects administrative records of reported sexual violence, and allegations of sexual victimization directly from victims, through surveys of adult inmates in prisons and jails and surveys of youth held in juvenile correctional facilities” (p.6). Sections of this report include highlights; incidents of sexual victimizati... Read More
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91 p.
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2010
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Juvenile Justice in California 2009
By Brown, Edmund G., Jr..
California Dept. of Justice. Criminal Justice Statistics Center (Sacramento, CA).
This document presents an annual picture of California’s juvenile justice process. Statistics are presented in four sections—arrests, referrals to probation departments, petitions files, and adult court dispositions.... Read More
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126 p.
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2010
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Justice Atlas of Sentencing and Corrections
Justice Mapping Center (Brooklyn, NY).
“The Justice Atlas is a corrections data driven, interactive mapping tool ... [It] is distinct from crime mapping in that it maps the residential patterns of populations who are admitted to prison and who return to their communities from prison each year; as well as those who are on parole or probation on any typical day.” Statistics are provided per state (if given) for admissions rate, count, and expenditure, releases rate, count, and expenditure, parole rate and count, and probation rate and ... Read More
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1 page
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2009
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2009 Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics
U.S. Sentencing Commission (Washington, DC).
"[D]escriptive statistics on the application of the federal sentencing guidelines and . . . selected district, circuit, and national sentencing data" for fiscal year 2009 are provided (p. iii). Statistics are organized into the following areas: circuit and district statistics; primary offense and offender characteristics; sentencing information; guideline application; departures and sentences within the guideline range; drug cases; immigration cases; organizational sentencing practices; sentenc... Read More
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270 p.
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2009
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Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2004: Selected Findings
By Livsey, Sarah; Sickmund, Melissa; Sladky, Anthony.
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
Information about juvenile residential facilities is provided. Findings include: most states had fewer juvenile offenders held in residential placement facilities in 2004 than in 2002; although most facilities are small and private, most offenders were held in large public facilities; security features and size varied across types of facilities; facility crowding affected a substantial proportion of youth in custody; most juvenile offenders were evaluated for educational needs and attended schoo... Read More
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16 p.
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2009
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Justice Reinvestment in Michigan: Analyses of Crime, Community Corrections, and Sentencing Policies
Council of State Governments. Justice Center (New York, NY).
Results are supplied from an analysis of crime, community corrections, and sentencing policies in Michigan which will provide "a data-driven foundation upon which to review and consider policy options to increase public safety and reduce spending on corrections" (p. 1).... Read More
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11 p.
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2009
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Juvenile Suicide in Confinement: A National Survey
By Hayes, Lindsay M..
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
National Center on Institutions and Alternatives (Alexandria, VA).
Information is presented about suicides committed by juveniles in correctional facilities. Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; data collection; findings regarding personal characteristics of the victim, suicide incident characteristics, and juvenile facility characteristics; special considerations regarding comprehensive suicide prevention programming, room confinement, and corrective action; and conclusion.... Read More
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55 p.
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2009
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National Gang Threat Assessment 2009
National Gang Intelligence Center (Washington, DC); National Drug Intelligence Center (Johnstown, PA).
The serious threat that criminal gangs pose to public safety is explained. Sections of this report include: key findings; scope and methodology; key questions and assumptions; gang proliferation; gang membership; gang types; criminal activities; illicit finance; gang communications; gang members in the military; gang relationships with DTOs (drug trafficking organizations) and other criminal organizations; cross-border gang activity; gang activity in Indian Country; female involvement in gangs; ... Read More
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38 p.
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2009
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Jail Inmates at Midyear 2008 -- Statistical Tables
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
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2009
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Prison Inmates at Midyear 2008 -- Statistical Tables
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
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2009
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Practical Implications of Current Domestic Violence Research: For Law Enforcement, Prosecutors and Judges
By Klein, Andrew R..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This report covers research related to domestic violence. Eight sections make up this document: overview; reporting and arrests; perpetrator characteristics; victim characteristics; law enforcement responses; prosecution responses; judicial responses; and intervention programs.... Read More
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96 p.
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2009
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Closing California's Division of Juvenile Facilities: An Analysis of County Institutional Capacity
By Macallair, Daniel; Males, Mike; McCracken, Catherine.
Van Loben Sels/RembeRock Foundation (San Francisco, CA).
Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice (San Francisco, CA).
The benefits of closing California's Division of Juvenile Facilities (DJF) and transferring incarcerated youth to county facilities are explained. Five sections are contained in this report: summary of findings; introduction; methodology; analysis of crime rates and youth incarceration rates, county institutional capacity and the DJF population, and impact on juvenile sentencing; and summary/conclusion.... Read More
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23 p.
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2009
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Aviation Units in Large Law Enforcement Agencies, 2007
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
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2009
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Ensuring the Quality, Credibility, and Relevance of U.S. Justice Statistics
By Groves, Robert M., ed.; Cork, Daniel L., ed..
National Science Foundation (Washington, DC).
National Research COuncil (U.S.). Panel to Review the Programs of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
“This final report considers the balance of BJS’s [Bureau of Justice Statistics’] portfolio, its assistance to state and local authorities, and the functions of BJS as a whole” (p. 1). Six chapters follow an abstract and executive summary: introduction; measurement in the justice system; overview of BJS data collection series; state and local partnerships; principles and practices—BJS as a principle U.S. federal statistical agency; and strategic goals for BJS. One recommendation is that BJS need... Read More
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353 p.
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2009
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National Crime Victimization Survey Crime Against People with Disabilities, 2007
By Rand, Micheal R.; Harrell, Erika.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
“Findings in this report are the first estimates of crime against people with disabilities measured by the NCVS [National Crime Victimization Survey]” (p. 1). The crime rate for persons with disabilities is 1.5 times higher than that for the general public, while disabled individuals experience rape and sexual assault twice as much as persons without a disability.... Read More
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12
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2009
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Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions Referred by the Criminal Justice System
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies (Rockville, MD); Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc. (Arlington, VA); RTI International (Research Triangle Park, NC).
By utilizing the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), substance abuse treatment admissions referred by the criminal justice system are compared to admissions from other agencies. Sections following a summary are: demographic characteristics; treatment characteristics; treatment outcomes; trends in criminal justice referrals; and discussion. “In 2007, the criminal justice system was the largest single source of referrals to the substance abuse treatment system, comprising 37 percent of all admissio... Read More
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6 p.
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2009
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Juveniles Who Commit Sex Offenses Against Minors
By Finkelhor, David; Ormrod, Richard; Chaffin, Mark.
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
Characteristics of juveniles that are responsible for sex offenses perpetrated against other minors are reported. Sections of this bulletin are: background; the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS); juvenile and adult sex offenders known to police; using NIBRS data to investigate juvenile sex offenders; younger juvenile sex offenders; female juvenile sex offenders; reporting juvenile sex offenses; and implications. Over one-third (35.6%) of known sex offenders are juveniles who tend ... Read More
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11 p.
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2009
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HIV in Prisons, 2007-08
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
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2009
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Capital Punishment, 2008 - Statistical Tables
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
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2009
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Probation and Parole in the United States, 2008
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
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2009
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Juvenile Arrests 2008
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
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2009
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Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2006: Selected Findings
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
The Juvenile Residential Facility Census (JRFC) is designed to collect information regarding juvenile facilities (e.g., type, size, structure, security arrangements, ownership, services, and juvenile deaths) and their operations. While the number of juveniles in custody has decreased by 3%, overcrowding remains a problem with 31% of facilities at over capacity. Other findings include: although most facilities are small and private, most offenders are held in large public facilities; security fea... Read More
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20 p.
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2009
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A Human Rights Approach to Prison Management: Handbook for Prison Staff|Second Edition
By Coyle, Andrew.
King's College London. International Centre for Prison Studies (London, England); Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office (London, England).
International standards regarding prison management and prisoners' rights are explained. 'This handbook is intended to assist everyone who has anything to do with prisons ' The topics covered in the handbook demonstrate the complexity of prison management and the wide range of skills which are required from those whose task it is to direct prisons. The issues covered show that there is a common set of factors which, when taken together, constitute a model for good prison management' (p. 7). Twen... Read More
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169 pages
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2007
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How to Collect and Analyze Data: A Manual for Sheriffs and Jail Administrators
By Elias, Gail.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Voorhis Associates (Lafayette, CO); National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Longmont, CO).
Anyone who needs to gather and analyze data concerning various jail-related issues will find this manual useful. This document provides guidance on how information can fuel policy decision making. Chapters comprising this guide are: introduction; good management requires good information; information that should be collected; preparing for the data collection; how to locate and capture information; how to put it all together; how to analyze information; how to interpret information; sharing info... Read More
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220 p.
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2005
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Correctional Statistics...In Your State
LIS, Inc. (Longmont, CO)
National Institute of Corrections Information Center (Longmont, CO).
(Updated in 2008) Access to statistics about corrections in the U.S., according to each state, can be found at this website. Statistics (per 100,000) for each state include: crime rates; corrections population; incarceration rate; community corrections--probationers and parolees; cost per inmate; and general information about the state's jails, prisons, and community corrections. Also provided are at-a-glance graphs that compare the state's ranking against other states and the U.S. total.... Read More
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1 p.
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2002
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Inmate Sexual Assault: An Overview of Selected Print and Electronic Resources
By Linke, Larry.
LIS, Inc. (Longmont, CO); National Institute of Corrections Information Center (Longmont, CO).
An overview of research and information sources dealing with prison rape is presented. Created in response to increased interest generated by the "Prison Rape Reduction Act of 2002," this document provides a background to the Act and summaries of research on prison sex and assaults. Also included is a copy of the Act (Senate Bill 2619). ... Read More
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40 p.
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2001
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Proceedings of the Large Jail Network Meeting, July 2001
National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Longmont, CO).
Two main topics are addressed in these proceedings -- jail statistics from the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) and employee-related issues. Contents include: meeting highlights; opening session -- defining the issues of importance to Large Jail Network members; understanding and using the data and resources of the BJS; personal relations among employees; staff sexual misconduct with inmates; announcements by meeting participants; employees with mental health problems; utilizing staff effectiv... Read More
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59 p.
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1997
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The Connecticut Office of Adult Probation Vision
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Connecticut Judicial Branch. Office of Adult Probation (Rocky Hill, CT).
This statement of the Connecticut Office of Adult Probation's vision contains brief outlines of its mission and outcome goals for clients, criminal justice agencies, staff, victims, and the community. Also included from this results driven agency are the "1996 Annual Statistical Report Statewide" and an edition of the Strategic Planning News entitled, "Strategic Planning Outcome Measures and Data Elements Updated for the Office of Adult Probation."... Read More
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40 p.
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1996
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Managing Staff: Corrections' Most Valuable Resource
By Camp, George M.; Camp, Camille G.; Fair, Michael V..
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Association of State Correctional Administrators (South Salem, NY); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
This document presents a comprehensive review of staff retention strategies and an assessment of management strategies that have proven successful. It also details research on retention in four departments of correction and suggests improvements in tracking vital statistics on retention. ... Read More
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121 p.
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1995
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Prison Suicide: An Overview and Guide to Prevention
By Hayes, Lindsay M..
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
National Center on Institutions and Alternatives (Mansfield, MA); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
This monograph presents a review of the literature and of national and state standards for prison suicide prevention, as well as national data on the incidence and rate of prison suicide, effective prevention programs, and discussion of liability issues. Topics also discussed include staff training, intake screening/assessment, housing, levels of supervision, intervention and administrative review. The document also examines the role of the courts in shaping prison suicide policy. ... Read More
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108 p.
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1995
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Offenders Under Age 18 in State Adult Correctional Systems: A National Picture
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
LIS, Inc. (Longmont, CO); National Institute of Corrections Information Center (Longmont, CO); National Institute of Corrections. Prisons Division (Washington, DC).
This report presents an overview of how state department of corrections are responding to the challenge of dealing with juvenile inmates. This information is based on written surveys from forty-nine states plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. In addition to states' definitions of "youthful offenders," the survey responses contain information on the minimum age at which juvenile offenders can be sentenced to adult correctional systems, inmate populations, housing policies, programs and ... Read More
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30 p.
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1990
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State Corrections Agencies' Substance Abuse Treatment Programs: Results of an NIC Information Center Survey
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
National Institute of Corrections Information Center (Boulder, CO); LIS, Inc. (Boulder, CO).
As a follow-up to a national survey of state correctional agencies' substance abuse treatment programs, this paper summarizes methods for identifying inmates with treatment needs, the proportion of these inmates who are receiving treatment, the use of objective screening instruments by state agencies, and the use of inmate profile data in assigning treatment. A summary of types of substance abuse treatment programs includes those designed as therapeutic communities and programs that target speci... Read More
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9 p.
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1987
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Correctional Education: A State of the Art Analysis
By Ryan, T.A.; Woodard, Joseph Clifton.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
"This state of the art survey of adult correctional education was undertaken for the purposes of: (1) describing the extent and nature of correctional education programs for adult offenders, the extent of participation by adult offenders in educational programs, the nature of educational and vocational counseling and testing, and the administrative structures, budgets, and teaching personnel; and (2) comparing adult correctional education in 1983 with adult correctional education in 1973 and 197... Read More
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60 p.
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