Topics are nominated through a public process, which includes submissions from health care professionals, professional organizations, the private sector, policymakers, the public, and others. A systematic review of all relevant clinical studies is conducted by independent researchers, who are funded by AHRQ, to synthesize the evidence in a report summarizing what is known and not known about the select clinical issue. The research questions and the results of the report are subject to expert input, peer review, and public comment. The results of these reviews are summarized into Clinician and Consumer Research Summaries for use in decisionmaking and in discussions with patients. The research reviews and the full report, with references for included and excluded studies, are available at www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov.