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Northern Research Station
11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200
Newtown Square, PA 19073
(610) 557-4017
(610) 557-4132 TTY/TDD

You are here: NRS Home / Scientists & Staff / Randall Morin
Scientists & Staff

[image:] Randall Morin Randall Morin

Title: Research Forester
Unit: Forest Inventory & Analysis
Address: NRS
11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200
Newtown Square, PA 19073
Phone: 610-557-4054
E-mail: Contact Randall Morin

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Education

  • M.S. Forestry - West Virginia University (2002)
  • B.S. Forest Resource Management - West Virginia University (1997)

Civic & Professional Affiliations

Society of American Foresters, Resource Modeling Association

Current Research

I am a Research Forester in the Northern Research Station's Forest Inventory and Analysis group located in Newtown Square, PA. The NRS-FIA unit is one of four such units that make up the national Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, which is responsible for conducting a comprehensive and consistent inventory of our Nation's forests. The inventory is based on a network of permanent ground plots where timber attributes are sampled, with a spatial sampling intensity of one plot per approximately 6,000 acres. In addition, forest health indicators are sampled on 1/16th of those plots. Indicators of forest health are broadly delineated by the Criteria and Indicators of Sustainability for reporting under the Montreal Process: understory vegetation, down woody materials (DWM), soils, crowns, tree damage, tree mortality, lichen communities, and ozone injury. My current research focuses on landscape-level influences of forest insects, diseases, invasive species, and other biotic and abiotic disturbances on forests. I am the also the lead analyst for the New Hampshire and Vermont inventories with responsibility for the core-reporting requirements of State-level reports. Additionally, I serve as the analyst for the National Inventory and Monitoring Applications Center (NIMAC).

Why is This Important

The mission of the NRS-FIA program is to "improve the understanding and stewardship of northern forests through scientifically credible inventories and analyses of the status and trends in forest condition, use, and productivity, and by transferring timely resource information and new technology to the public." My research fills critical information needs on forest ecosystems to the general public, resource managers, scientists, policy-makers, economists, and a wide range of other natural resource specialists. Success in this mission is crucial to assessing the condition, health, and sustainability of not only forest ecosystems in the north but also our Nation's forests. The outputs will also provide Forest Service customers and clients with crucial information and provide improved techniques for application to a range of resource inventory and monitoring needs. Human and other impacts on forest composition, structure, condition, and process have been identified as critical reporting needs for northern forests. I am responsible for developing indicators, analytical frameworks, and reports that elucidate impacts and resultant forest conditions in a timely manner.

I serve as the National Forest System Coordinator for NRS-FIA. This position requires me to work with NFS personnel across the Northern Region to ensure that FIA is able to provide relevant inventory information to all 18 national forests in the region. The national forests cover nearly 15 million acres with many different ecosystems, forest types, and management objectives. Other duties required for this task include coordinating issues and helping with adaptive plan management, attending meetings regarding planning of special studies, delegating information requests, and tracking reporting and analysis progress on national forest lands.

Future Research

My research time is currently allocated between conducting forest health research and being the lead analyst for New Hampshire and Vermont. My research objectives are

  1. FIA forest health indicator analysis,
  2. effects of disturbances on forests,
  3. insect and disease spread models and riskmapping.

Featured Publications

  • Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C. 2012. Abstracts of Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012. In: Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C., comps. Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012; 2012 December 4-6; Baltimore, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [CD-ROM]: 30 p.
  • McCaskill, George L.; Morin, Randall S. 2012. Beech status in New England's aftermath forests. In: Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C., comps. Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012; 2012 December 4-6; Baltimore, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [CD-ROM]: 192-198.
  • Westfall, James A.; Morin, Randall S. 2012. Canopy cover estimates for individual tree attributes. In: Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C., comps. Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012; 2012 December 4-6; Baltimore, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [CD-ROM]: 248-253.
  • Butler, Brett J.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D. 2012. Connecticut's forest resources, 2011. Res. Note NRS-149. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Lister, Tonya W.; Gladders, Glenn; Barnett, Charles J.; Brand, Gary J.; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Domke, Grant M.; Griffith, Douglas M.; Hatfield, Mark A.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lister, Andrew J.; Morin, Randall S.; Moser, W. Keith; Nelson, Mark D.; Perry, Charles H.; Piva, Ronald J.; Riemann, Rachel; Woodall, Christopher W. 2012. Delaware's Forests 2008. Resour. Bull. NRS-62. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 56 p. [DVD included].

Additional Online Publications

  • McWilliams, William H.; Morin, Randall S.; Johnson, Katherine; Moser, W. Keith; Westfall, James A. 2012. Invasive plant monitoring for northern U.S. forests. In: Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C., comps. Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012; 2012 December 4-6; Baltimore, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [CD-ROM]: 283-287.
  • Butler, Brett J.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D. 2012. Massachusetts' forest resources, 2011. Res. Note NRS-150. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C. 2012. Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [CD-ROM]. 478 p.
  • Morin, R.S.; Woodall, C.W. 2012. New Hampshire's forest resources, 2011. Res. Note. NRS-140. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Widmann, Richard H.; Crawford, Sloane; Barnett, Charles; Butler, Brett J.; Domke, Grant M.; Griffith, Douglas M.; Hatfield, Mark A.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lister, Tonya W.; Morin, Randall S.; Moser, W. Keith; Perry, Charles H.; Riemann, Rachel; Woodall, Christopher W. 2012. New York's Forests 2007. New York's Forests 2007. Resour. Bull. NRS-65. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 64 p. [DVD included].
  • Smith, Gretchen C.; Morin, Randall S.; McCaskill, George L. 2012. Ozone injury to forests across the northeast and north central United States, 1994 - 2010. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-103. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 46 p.
  • Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C. 2012. Poster abstracts of Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012. In: Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C., comps. Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012; 2012 December 4-6; Baltimore, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [CD-ROM]: 462-478.
  • Butler, Brett J.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D. 2012. Rhode Island's forest resources, 2011. Res. Note. NRS-151. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Canham, Charles D.; Morin, Randall S.; Johnson, Katherine; Roth, Paul; Westfall, James A. 2012. Sampling forest regeneration across northern U.S. forests: filling a void in regeneration model input. In: Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C., comps. Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012; 2012 December 4-6; Baltimore, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [CD-ROM]: 290-294.
  • Morin, Randall S.; Steinman, Jim; Randolph, KaDonna C. 2012. Utility of tree crown condition indicators to predict tree survival using remeasured Forest Inventory and Analysis data. In: Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C., comps. Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012; 2012 December 4-6; Baltimore, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [CD-ROM]: 210-215.
  • Morin, R.S.; Woodall, C.W. 2012. Vermont's forest resources, 2011. Res. Note. NRS-141. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Widmann, Richard H.; Cook, Gregory W.; Barnett, Charles J.; Butler, Brett J.; Griffith, Douglas M.; Hatfield, Mark A.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Morin, Randall S.; Moser, W. Keith; Perry, Charles H.; Piva, Ronald J.; Riemann, Rachel; Woodall, Christopher W. 2012. West Virginia's Forests 2008. Resour. Bull. NRS-61 Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 64 p. [DVD included].
  • Pugh, Scott A.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Morin, Randall S. 2011. Changes in ash tree demography associated with emerld ash borer invasion, indicated by regional forest inventory data from the Great Lakes States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 2165-2175.
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H.; Morin, R.S. 2011. Maine's forest resources, 2010. Res. Note NRS-110. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • McCaskill, George L.; McWilliams, William H.; Barnett, Charles J.; Butler, Brett J.; Hatfield, Mark A.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Morin, Randall S.; Moser, W. Keith; Perry, Charles H.; Woodall, Christopher W. 2011. Maine's forests 2008. Resour. Bull. NRS- 48. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 62 p. [DVD included].
  • Lister, T.W.; Perdue, J.L.; Barnett, C.J.; Butler, B.J.; Crocker, S.J.; Domke, G.M.; Griffith, D.; Hatfield, M.A.; Kurtz, C.M.; Lister, A.J.; Morin, R.S.; Moser, W.K.; Nelson, M.D.; Perry, C.H.; Piva, R.J.; Riemann, R.; Widmann, R.; Woodall, C.W. 2011. Maryland's Forests 2008. Resour. Bull. NRS-58. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 60 p. [DVD included].
  • Morin, Randall S.; Barnett, Chuck J.; Brand, Gary J.; Butler, Brett J.; Domke, Grant M.; Francher, Susan; Hansen, Mark H.; Hatfield, Mark A.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Moser, W. Keith; Perry, Charles H.; Piva, Ron; Riemann, Rachel; Woodall, Chris W. 2011. New Hampshire's Forests 2007. Resour. Bull. NRS-53. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 56 p. [DVD included].
  • Morin, R.S. 2011. New Hampshire's forest resources, 2009. Res. Note NRS-84. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Morin, R.S.; Nelson, M. 2011. New Hampshire's forest resources, 2010. Res. Note. NRS-109. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Butler, Brett J.; Barnett, Charles J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Domke, Grant M.; Gormanson, Dale ; Hill, William N.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lister, Tonya; Martin, Christopher; Miles, Patrick D.; Morin, Randall; Moser, W. Keith; Nelson, Mark D.; O'Connell, Barbara; Payton, Bruce; Perry, Charles H.; Piva, Ronald J.; Riemann, Rachel; Woodall, Christopher W. 2011. The Forests of Southern New England, 2007: A report on the forest resources of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. Resour. Bull. NRS-55. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 48 p. [DVD included].
  • Morin, Randall S.; Barnett, Chuck J.; Brand, Gary J.; Butler, Brett J.; De Geus, Robert; Hansen, Mark H.; Hatfield, Mark A.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Moser, W. Keith; Perry, Charles H.; Piva, Ron; Riemann, Rachel; Widmann, Richard; Wilmot, Sandy; Woodall, Chris W. 2011. Vermont's Forests 2007. Resour. Bull. NRS-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 56 p. [DVD included].
  • Morin, R.S.; De Geus, R.; Wilmot, S. 2011. Vermont's forest resources, 2009. Res. Note NRS-85. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Morin, R.S.; Nelson, M.; De Geus, R. 2011. Vermont's forest resources, 2010. Res. Note. NRS-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Morin, Randall S.; Widmann, Richard H. 2010. A comparison of the status of spruce in high-elevation forests on public and private land in the southern and central Appalachian Mountains. In: Rentch, James S.; Schuler, Thomas M., eds. 2010. Proceedings from the conference on the ecology and management of high-elevation forests in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains. 2009 May 14-15; Slatyfork, WV. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-64. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 134-139.
  • Woodall, C.W.; Morin, R.S.; Steinman, J.R.; Perry, C.H. 2010. Comparing evaluations of forest health based on aerial surveys and field inventories: Oak forests in the Northern United States. Ecological Indicators. 10: 713-718.
  • Morin, R.S.; McCaskill, G.M.; McWilliams, W.; Tansey, M. 2010. New Hampshire's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-56. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • Morin, R.S.; Butler, B.J.; Tansey, M. 2010. New Hampshire's forest resources, 2008. Res. Note. NRS-57. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Morin, Randall S. 2010. The distribution of ash in North America. In: Michler, Charles H.; Ginzel, Matthew D., eds. 2010. Proceedings of symposium on ash in North America; 2010 March 9-11; West Lafayette, IN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-72. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 16.
  • Morin, R.S.; McCaskill, G.M.; McWilliams, W.; De Geus, R. 2010. Vermont's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-54. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • Morin, R.S.; Butler, B.J.; De Geus, R. 2010. Vermont's forest resources, 2008. Res. Note. NRS-55. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Gottshcalk, Kurt W. 2009. Anisotropic spread of hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States. Biological Invasions. 11: 2341-2350.
  • Huebner, Cynthia D.; Morin, Randall S.; Zurbriggen, Ann; White, Robert L. 2009. Patterns of exotic plant invasions in Pennsylvania's Allegheny National Forest using intensive Forest Inventory and Analysis plots. Forest Ecology and Management. 257: 258-270.
  • Morin, Randall S.; Lister, Andrew; Doyle, James. 2009. Use of FIA data and GIS to characterize the effects of fragmentation on the forests of New Hampshire. In: Proceedings, 2009 Society of American Foresters national convention, Opportunities in a forested world; 2009 Sept. 30- Oct. 4; Orlando, FL. Bethesda MD: Society of American Foresters. [CD].
  • Morin, R.S.; Tansey, M. 2008. New Hampshire's Forest Resources, 2006. Res. Note NRS-17. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Woodall, Chris W.; Morin, Randall S.; Steinman, Jim R.; Perry, Charles H. 2008. Status of oak seedlings and saplings in the northern United States: implications for sustainability of oak forests. In: Jacobs, Douglass F.; Michler, Charles H., eds. 2008. Proceedings, 16th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2008 April 8-9; West Lafayette, IN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-24. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 535-542.
  • Morin, R.S.; De Geus, R. 2008. Vermont's Forest Resources, 2006. Res. Note NRS-16. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Perry, Charles H. (Hobie); Everson, Vern A.; Brown, Ian K.; Cummings-Carlson, Jane; Dahir, Sally E.; Jepsen, Edward A.; Kovach, Joe; Labissoniere, Michael D.; Mace, Terry R.; Padley, Eunice A.; Rideout, Richard B.; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Liknes, Greg C.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; Wilson, Barry T. (Ty); Woodall, Christopher W. 2008. Wisconsin's forests, 2004. Resour. Bull. NRS-23. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 104 p.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Cassell, Seth P.; Alerich, Carol L.; Butler, Brett J.; Hoppus, Michael L.; Horsley, Stephen B.; Lister, Andrew J.; Lister, Tonya W.; Morin, Randall S.; Perry, Charles H.; Westfall, James A.; Wharton, Eric H.; Woodall, Christopher W. 2007. Pennsylvania's Forest 2004. Resour. Bull. NRS-20. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 86 p.
  • Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Tobin, Patrick C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Luzader, Eugene. 2007. Spread of beech bark disease in the eastern United States and its relationship to regional forest composition. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37: 726-736.
  • Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M; Gottschalk, K.W.; Woodall, Chris W.; Twardus, Daniel B.; White, Robert L.; Horsley, Stephen B.; Ristau, Todd E. 2006. Analysis of forest health monitoring surveys on the Allegheny National Forest (1998-2001). Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-339. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 102 p.
  • Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Luzader, Eugene R.; Lister, Andrew J.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Twardus, Daniel B. 2005. Mapping host-species abundance of three major exotic forest pests. Res. Pap. NE-726. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 11 p.
  • Liebhold, Andrew; Morin, Randall; Gottschalk, Kurt; Twardus, Dan. 2005. The Biogeography of Beech Bark Disease Invasion of North America. In: Evans, Celia A., Lucas, Jennifer A. and Twery, Mark J., eds. Beech Bark Disease: Proceedings of the Beech Bark Disease Symposium; 2004 June 16-18; Saranak Lake, NY. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-331. Newtown Square, PA: US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 124.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Butler, Brett J.; Caldwell, Laurence E.; Griffith, Douglas M.; Hoppus, Michael L.; Laustsen, Kenneth M.; Lister, Andrew J.; Lister, Tonya W.; Metzler, Jacob W.; Morin, Randall S.; Sader, Steven A.; Stewart, Lucretia B.; Steinman, James R.; Westfall, James, A.; Williams, David A.; Whitman, Andrew; Woodall, Christopher W. 2005. The forests of Maine: 2003. Resour. Bull. NE-164. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 188 p.
  • Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Gottschalk, Kurt W. 2004. Area-Wide Analysis of Hardwood Defoliator Effects on Tree Conditions in the Allegheny Plateau. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry. 21(1): 31-39.
  • Liebhold, Andrew M.; Morin, Randall S.; Lister, Andrew; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Luzader, Eugene; Twardus, Daniel. 2003. Mapping forest risk associated with beech bark disease. In: Fosbroke, Sandra L. C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. p.56.
  • Liebhold, Andrew M.; Morin, Randall S.; Lister, Andrew; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Luzader, Eugene; Twardus, Daniel. 2003. Mapping forest risk associated with the gypsy moth. In: Fosbroke, Sandra L. C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. p.57.
  • Liebhold, Andrew M.; Morin, Randall S.; Lister, Andrew; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Luzader, Eugene; Twardus, Daniel. 2003. Mapping forest risk associated with the hemlock woolly adelgid. In: Fosbroke, Sandra L. C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. p.58.
  • Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2003. Potential susceptibility of eastern forests to sudden oak death, Phytophthora ramorum. In: Fosbroke, Sandra L.C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2002; 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 32.
  • Greene, D. F.; Zasada, John C.; Sirois, L.; Kneeshaw, D.; Morin, H.; Charron, I.; Simard, M. J. 1999. A review of the regeneration dynamics of North American boreal forest tree species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 29(6): 824-839. (1999)

Last Modified: 02/15/2012