Special Feature
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- 한국어
THE HISTORY OF LABOR DAY
Labor Day: How it Came About; What it Means
Labor Day, the first Monday in September, is a creation of the labor movement and is dedicated to the social and economic achievements of American workers. It constitutes a yearly national tribute to the contributions workers have made to the strength, prosperity, and well-being of our country.
The First Labor Day
The first Labor Day holiday was celebrated on Tuesday, September 5, 1882, in New York City, in accordance with the plans of the Central Labor Union. The Central Labor Union held its second Labor Day holiday just a year later, on September 5, 1883.
In 1884 the first Monday in September was selected as the holiday, as originally proposed, and the Central Labor Union urged similar organizations in other cities to follow the example of New York and celebrate a "workingmen's holiday" on that date. The idea spread with the growth of labor organizations, and in 1885 Labor Day was celebrated in many industrial centers of the country.
A Nationwide Holiday
The form that the observance and celebration of Labor Day should take were outlined in the first proposal of the holiday - a street parade to exhibit to the public "the strength and esprit de corps of the trade and labor organizations" of the community, followed by a festival for the recreation and amusement of the workers and their families. This became the pattern for the celebrations of Labor Day. Speeches by prominent men and women were introduced later, as more emphasis was placed upon the economic and civic significance of the holiday. Still later, by a resolution of the American Federation of Labor convention of 1909, the Sunday preceding Labor Day was adopted as Labor Sunday and dedicated to the spiritual and educational aspects of the labor movement.
The character of the Labor Day celebration has undergone a change in recent years, especially in large industrial centers where mass displays and huge parades have proved a problem. This change, however, is more a shift in emphasis and medium of expression. Labor Day addresses by leading union officials, industrialists, educators, clerics and government officials are given wide coverage in newspapers, radio, and television.
The vital force of labor added materially to the highest standard of living and the greatest production the world has ever known and has brought us closer to the realization of our traditional ideals of economic and political democracy. It is appropriate, therefore, that the nation pays tribute on Labor Day to the creator of so much of the nation's strength, freedom, and leadership — the American worker.
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GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
TODAY IN HISTORY: THE FIRST LABOR DAY. The Library of Congress
On September 5, 1882, some 10,000 workers assembled in New York City to participate in America's first Labor Day parade. After marching from City Hall, past reviewing stands in Union Square, and then uptown to 42nd Street, the workers and their families gathered in Wendel's Elm Park for a picnic, concert, and speeches. This first Labor Day celebration was eagerly organized and executed by New York’s Central Labor Union, an umbrella group made up of representatives from many local unions. Debate continues to this day as to who originated the idea of a workers' holiday, but it definitely emerged from the ranks of organized labor at a time when they wanted to demonstrate the strength of their burgeoning movement and inspire improvements in their working conditions.
YOUR RIGHTS AS A WORKER. U.S. Department of Labor
Do you have questions about the laws that protect you as a worker? Do you want to know more about your benefits because of a lay-off? These resources will point you to the information that you need. Review this information so that you know the questions you need to ask your employer.
FACTS FOR FEATURES: LABOR DAY 2009. U.S. Census Bureau
Facts for Features and Special Editions consist of collections of statistics from the Census Bureau's demographic and economic subject areas intended to commemorate anniversaries or observances or to provide background information for topics in the news.
UNION MEMBERSHIP. U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics
In 2008, union members accounted for 12.4 percent of employed wage and salary workers, up from 12.1 percent a year earlier, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The number of workers belonging to a union rose by 428,000 to 16.1 million. In 1983, the first year for which comparable union data are available, the union membership rate was 20.1 percent, and there were 17.7 million union workers.
The Occupational Outlook Handbook is a nationally recognized source of career information, designed to provide valuable assistance to individuals making decisions about their future work lives. The Handbook is revised every two years.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW ONLINE. U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics
Established in 1915, Monthly Labor Review is the principal journal of fact, analysis, and research from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, an agency within the U.S. Department of Labor. Each month, economists, statisticians, and experts from the Bureau join with private sector professionals and State and local government specialists to provide a wealth of research in a wide variety of fields—the labor force, the economy, employment, inflation, productivity, occupational injuries and illnesses, wages, prices, and many more.
For dozens of different kinds of industries—such as educational services, health care, and motor vehicle and parts manufacturing —the Career Guide to Industries tells you about:
- occupations in the industry
- training and advancement
- earnings
- expected job prospects
- working conditions
In addition, the Career Guide gives you links to information about the job market in each State and more.
WHAT DO YOU LIKE? U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics
This is a main home page for BLS Career Information that describes the nature, preparation, and future of various jobs in relation to a school subject.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
YOUNG WORKERS: A LOST DECADE. AFL-CIO
The AFL-CIO report, "Young Workers: A Lost Decade," shows that not only have young workers lost financial ground over the past 10 years—they have also lost some of their optimism.
- More than one in three young workers say they are currently living at home with their parents.
- 31 percent of young workers reports being uninsured, up from 24 percent without health insurance coverage 10 years ago.
The observance of Labor Day began over 100 years ago. Conceived by America's labor unions as a testament to their cause, the legislation sanctioning the holiday was shepherded through Congress amid labor unrest and signed by President Grover Cleveland as a reluctant election-year compromise. Read about the turbulent circumstances of Labor Day's birth, browse NewsHour segments on labor and the economy, and explore labor-related resources on the Internet.
100 YEARS OF STRUGGLE AND SUCCESS. AFL-CIO
This interactive photo essay bears witness to the efforts of working families throughout the decades as they struggled for living wages, safe working conditions and respect on the job. Through strikes, walkouts and other collective action, in dangerous coal mines and factory sweatshops, on construction sites and in packing plants, workers risked their jobs and sometimes their lives to make the American dream a reality.
USEFUL LINKS
U.S. Department of Labor
http://www.dol.gov/
U.S. Department of Labor's Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
http://webapps.dol.gov/dolfaq/dolfaq.asp
U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB)
http://www.dol.gov/ilab/
U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics
http://stats.bls.gov/data/home.htm
Employment Situation News Release: July 2009 (USDL-09-0908)
http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.htm
Mass Layoffs (Monthly) News Release: July 2009 (USDL-09-0980)
http://www.bls.gov/news.release/mmls.htm
American Federation of Labor - Congress of Industrial Organizations
http://www.aflcio.org/
Info-Pedia USA: Holidays - Labor Day
For English, http://infopedia.usembassy.or.kr/ENG/_f_1006.html
For Korean, http://infopedia.usembassy.or.kr/KOR/_f_1006.html