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Table 3-23: Employment in For-Hire Transportation and Selected Transportation-Related Industries(a) (North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) basis) (Thousands)

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NAICS Code   1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 (R) 2013 2014
  TOTAL U.S. labor forceb 54,296 60,874 71,006 77,069 (R) 90,533 (R) 97,532 109,527 108,427 108,802 110,935 114,398 117,407 119,836 122,951 126,157 129,240 (R) 132,024 (R) 132,087 (R) 130,649 (R) 130,347 (R) 131,787 (R) 134,051 (R) 136,453 (R) 137,999 (R) 137,242 (R) 131,313 (R) 130,361 (R) 131,932 (R) 134,175 136,381 138,958
  Transportation related labor force 2,115 2,133 2,312 3,040 3,054 3,550 (R) 12,316 (R) 12,011 (R) 11,867 (R) 11,981 (R) 12,350 (R) 12,705 (R) 12,192 (R) 13,247 (R) 13,481 (R) 13,766 (R) 13,907 (R) 13,752 (R) 13,438 (R) 13,224 (R) 13,259 (R) 13,395 (R) 13,492 (R) 13,516 (R) 13,212 (R) 12,234 (R) 12,086 (R) 12,305 (R) 12,563 12,778 13,130
48-49 Transportation and warehousingc U U U 2,620 2,961 3,012 3,476 3,463 3,462 3,554 3,701 3,838 3,935 4,027 4,168 4,300 4,410 4,372 4,224 4,185 4,249 4,361 4,470 4,541 4,508 4,236 4,191 4,302 4,416 4,498 4,661
481 Air transportation U U U U U U 529 525 520 517 511 511 526 542 563 586 614 615 564 528 515 501 487 492 491 463 458 457 459 444 444
4811 Scheduled air transportation U U U U U U 503 498 491 486 477 473 486 501 520 543 570 570 520 485 472 456 442 446 444 419 417 416 418 406 406
4812 Nonscheduled air transportation U U U U U U 27 27 29 31 34 38 40 41 43 44 45 45 44 43 43 44 45 46 47 44 42 41 41 38 38
482 Rail transportation 862 716 617 534 518 350 272 256 248 242 235 233 225 221 225 229 232 227 218 218 226 228 228 234 231 218 216 228 231 231 236
483 Water transportation U U U U U U 57 57 57 53 52 51 51 51 51 52 56 54 53 55 56 61 63 66 67 63 62 61 64 65 67
4831 Sea, coastal, and Great Lakes water transportation U U U U U U 35 36 35 33 33 32 32 32 32 33 36 34 32 34 35 37 39 40 U U U U U U U
484 Truck transportation U U U U U U 1,122 1,105 1,107 1,155 1,206 1,249 1,282 1,308 1,354 1,392 1,406 1,387 1,339 1,326 1,352 1,398 1,436 1,439 1,389 1,268 1,250 1,301 1,349 1,382 1,417
4841 General freight trucking U U U U U U 807 795 797 831 867 901 924 942 976 1,002 1,013 992 952 935 950 981 1,005 1,007 976 885 868 901 927 944 967
4842 Specialized freight trucking U U U U U U 315 310 311 324 339 348 359 367 379 390 393 395 388 390 402 417 431 432 413 383 383 399 423 438 450
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation U U U U U U 274 284 288 300 317 328 339 350 363 371 372 375 381 382 385 389 399 412 423 422 430 440 440 449 467
4851, 4852, 4855 Urban transit, interurban, rural, and charter bus transportation U U U U U U 72 73 73 75 80 82 86 88 93 95 97 97 96 93 93 91 91 93 96 93 94 94 95 97 98
4851 Urban transit systems U U U U U U 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 36 36 35 36 38 38 39 40 40 40 U U U U U U U
4852 Interurban and rural bus transportation 38 39 41 38 36 33 25 23 22 21 22 23 23 21 23 23 23 24 23 22 21 20 20 19 U U U U U U U
4853 Taxi and limousine service U U U U U U 57 59 58 61 64 66 68 70 72 73 72 71 68 67 66 66 69 73 71 67 68 72 74 77 79
4854 School and employee bus transportation U U U 66 81 93 114 118 121 125 130 136 137 142 146 151 152 153 161 165 167 169 172 177 182 185 186 187 182 184 193
4855 Charter bus industry U U U 11 15 21 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U
4859 Other transit and ground passenger transportation U U U U U U 31 34 36 39 43 45 48 51 52 53 51 54 56 58 59 63 67 70 74 77 82 88 90 91 96
486 Pipeline transportation U U U U U U 60 61 60 59 57 54 51 50 48 47 46 45 42 40 38 38 39 40 42 43 42 43 44 45 47
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation U U U U U U 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 25 25 26 28 29 26 27 27 29 28 29 28 28 27 28 28 29 31
488 Support activities for transportation U U U U U U 364 377 370 382 405 430 446 473 497 518 537 539 525 520 535 552 571 584 592 549 543 562 580 598 626
4881 Support activities for air transportation U U U U U U 96 96 96 99 101 104 109 115 124 133 141 140 139 136 142 148 157 163 168 154 154 159 163 169 177
4883 Support activities for water transportation U U U U U U 91 96 89 86 89 92 90 92 94 96 97 95 95 94 92 94 99 100 99 91 91 91 92 95 98
4884 Support activities for road transportation U U U U U U 35 36 38 41 45 49 53 57 60 63 66 69 70 72 76 79 81 84 85 82 80 81 86 88 93
4885 Freight transportation arrangement U U U U U U 111 115 114 120 130 143 149 161 166 172 178 179 168 167 171 177 180 184 187 174 169 180 184 190 197
4889, 4882 Support activities for other transportation, including rail U U U U U U 32 33 34 37 40 43 45 48 53 54 56 57 52 52 55 55 53 54 53 48 49 52 55 57 61
492 Couriers and messengers U U U U U U 375 379 389 414 466 517 540 546 568 586 605 587 561 562 557 571 582 581 573 546 528 529 534 544 577
4921 Couriers and express delivery services U U U U U U 340 344 354 378 423 469 489 494 513 528 546 530 507 510 507 522 533 531 523 499 480 477 480 488 517
49111, 49221 Local messengers, local delivery, and private postal service U U U U U U 35 35 35 36 43 48 51 52 55 58 59 57 54 51 50 50 50 50 50 47 48 52 54 56 59
493 Warehousing and storage U U U U U U 407 403 406 413 431 444 452 462 474 494 514 514 517 528 558 595 638 665 672 637 633 653 687 711 750
  Transportation related manufacturing                                                              
324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing U U U U U U 153 155 152 146 144 140 137 136 135 128 123 121 118 114 112 112 113 115 117 115 114 112 112 110 112
32621 Tire manufacturingd U U U U U U 90 86 87 87 85 87 86 84 87 87 87 82 76 72 70 67 60 59 59 53 52 53 54 53 54
32622 Rubber and plastic hoses and belting manufacturing U U U 29 31 26 25 23 23 24 26 27 27 28 29 30 30 29 28 28 28 29 28 28 27 U U U U U U
334511 Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and nautical system and instrument manufacturing U U U U U 354 (R) 280 (R) 256 (R) 226 (R) 201 (R) 175 (R) 158 (R) 158 (R) 159 (R) 163 (R) 161 (R) 149 (R) 150 (R) 148 (R) 145 (R) 151 (R) 157 (R) 158 (R) 158 (R) 153 (R) 152 (R) 146 (R) 139 (R) 134 128 122
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing U U U U U U 2,135 2,029 1,978 1,915 1,937 1,979 1,975 2,028 2,078 2,089 2,057 1,939 1,830 1,775 1,767 1,772 1,769 1,712 1,608 1,348 1,333 1,382 1,461 1,509 1,559
3361 Motor vehicle manufacturing U U U U U U 271 258 260 264 282 295 285 287 284 291 291 279 265 265 256 248 237 220 192 146 153 158 168 182 194
3362 Motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing U U U U U U 130 120 126 136 151 160 155 158 170 184 183 159 152 153 165 171 179 166 140 104 107 114 127 135 141
3363 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing U U U U U U 653 639 661 678 736 787 800 809 818 837 840 775 734 708 692 678 655 608 544 414 419 446 483 509 537
3364 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing U U U U U U 841 784 711 624 552 514 514 555 579 547 517 511 470 442 442 455 474 489 507 492 478 487 499 495 491
3366 Ship and boat building 130 148 158 179 203 172 174 165 158 148 147 148 147 146 154 154 154 148 147 147 149 154 157 160 156 131 125 123 129 132 137
3365, 3369 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing and other transportation equipment manufacturing U U U U U U 66 63 63 66 70 75 74 73 75 75 73 67 61 61 63 66 68 69 70 61 52 55 56 57 59
  Other transportation related industries                                                              
2373 Highway, street, and bridge construction U U U U U U 289 267 264 271 274 278 288 294 308 336 340 346 346 340 347 351 348 345 327 291 287 286 294 293 294
4231 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers U U U U U U 309 304 302 306 320 335 343 350 354 360 356 347 346 342 341 344 348 350 338 315 309 313 320 325 328
42386 Transportation equipment and supplies merchant wholesalerse U U U U U U 35 34 33 31 31 32 33 35 37 40 39 36 34 32 32 33 33 34 35 33 32 33 33 33 33
4247 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers U U U U U U 155 147 137 129 128 126 124 123 122 123 119 114 111 106 101 100 100 101 100 96 94 93 94 95 99
441 Motor vehicle parts dealers U U U U U U 1,494 1,435 1,428 1,475 1,565 1,627 1,686 1,723 1,741 1,797 1,847 1,855 1,879 1,883 1,902 1,919 1,910 1,908 1,831 1,638 1,629 1,691 1,737 1,793 1,862
4411 Automobile dealers U U U 769 783 904 983 938 935 970 1,032 1,072 1,113 1,135 1,142 1,180 1,217 1,225 1,253 1,254 1,257 1,261 1,247 1,242 1,177 1,018 1,012 1,057 1,096 1,138 1,188
4412 Other motor vehicle dealers U U U U U U 93 84 81 83 91 97 101 105 110 121 132 136 142 149 159 166 169 172 162 136 129 128 130 134 140
4413 Automotive parts, accessories, and tire stores U U U U U U 418 413 413 422 443 459 471 484 489 496 499 493 485 480 487 491 494 495 492 483 489 507 512 521 534
447 Gasoline stations U U U U U U 910 889 876 881 902 922 946 956 961 944 936 925 896 882 876 871 864 862 842 826 819 831 844 866 881
5321 Automotive equipment rental and leasing U U U U U 142 163 152 151 156 163 171 180 184 189 199 208 208 195 193 197 199 199 196 193 168 161 165 173 179 189
5615 Travel arrangement and reservation services U U U U U U 250 240 245 256 271 281 294 302 304 297 299 285 252 235 226 224 226 227 223 194 186 190 192 195 196
6219 Other ambulatory health care services U U U U U U 99 107 114 125 135 143 154 164 171 173 173 180 187 195 200 206 217 228 238 246 251 258 267 272 278
8111 Automotive repair and maintenance U U U U U U 659 636 636 670 701 738 781 811 828 864 888 904 900 894 891 886 887 885 856 806 801 820 832 848 868
81293 Parking lots and garages U U U U U U 68 69 68 70 71 75 78 82 85 89 93 96 96 100 102 103 108 111 114 111 111 115 120 125 129
912001 Postal service 591 619 741 699 673 750 825 813 800 793 821 850 867 866 881 890 880 873 842 809 782 774 770 769 747 703 659 631 611 595 593
  Government employment, totalf 532 650 795 831 846 852 903 905 884 892 900 899 U 895 842 862 873 890 932 894 888 888 885 890 895 902 911 892 870 862 871
  U.S. DOTg U U 104 112 112 100 104 108 110 109 103 101 99 98 69 65 64 66 99 59 57 56 54 54 56 58 58 58 57 55 55
  State and Local h,i 532 650 691 719 734 752 798 796 774 783 798 798 U 797 772 797 809 824 832 835 830 833 831 835 839 845 853 834 813 807 816

KEY: R = revised; U = data are unavailable.

a Annual averages.

b Excludes farm employment.

c Does not include Postal service.

d Includes tire manufacturing and tire retreading.

e Does not include motor vehicle wholesalers.

f Not all government agencies are included (e.g., the National Transportation Safety Board).

g The U.S. Department of Transportation was created in 1966. Data are on a fiscal year basis and include permanent civilians as well as temporary employees and military. The United States Coast Guard (USCG) and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) were transferred to the Department of Homeland Security in 2003.

h Full-time equivalent employment. Data prior to 1986 are not directly comparable to data from later years due to a change in the way full-time equivalent was calculated. Full-time equivalent was not calculated for 1985. State and local data for 1960 include highway employment only. For years 1965 and later, state and local government employment covers highway, air, water and transit modes.

i Due to a change in the reference period, from October to March, the October 1996 Annual Survey of Government Employment and Payroll was not conducted.

NOTES

Details may not add to totals due to independent rounding.

State and local employment statistics for years 1965 and later are significantly different from the data reported in the previous edition of the report because current data include employment for air, water and transit modes in addition to highway.

Due to lack of data, employment for inland water transportation; pipeline transportation of crude oil; pipeline transportation of natural gas; other pipeline; scenic and sightseeing transportation for land, water and other; commercial air, rail, water transportation equipment rental and leasing; and regulation and administration of transportation programs are not reported.

SOURCES

All data, except as noted:

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics Data, National Employment Hours and Earnings, available at http://www.bls.gov/data/ as of Mar. 3, 2016.

Government employment:

USDOT:

1970-75: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1976 (Washington, DC: 1976), table 409, and U.S. Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard, G-WPM, Office of Military Personnel, personal communication.

1980-85: U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of the Secretary of Transportation, DOT Employment Facts, A Report to Management (Washington, DC: Annual issues).

1990-2003: Ibid., DOT Workforce Demographics (Washington, DC : Annual issues).

2004: Ibid., DOT Workforce Demographics, Demographics by Year, available at http://dothr.ost.dot.gov/workforceinfo/demographics.htm as of Nov. 9, 2011.

2005-14: Ibid., DOT Workforce Demographics, Demographics by Year, available at http://www.dot.gov/assistant-secretary-administration/human-resources/wo... as of Mar. 3, 2016.

State and local:

1960-91: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1993 (Washington, DC: 1993), table 500 and similar tables in earlier editions.

1992-2014: Ibid., Government Employment and Payroll, available at http://www.census.gov/pub/govs/ as of Mar. 3, 2016.