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Study Population. A study shows that the use of a new medication in male astronauts, 25 to 35 years of age, prevents bone mineral density loss during prolonged stays in outer space when compared with no therapy.  Which factors would limit the applicability of this trial to patients with osteoporosis? A. Differences in gender and age between the study population and the general population. B. Use of a surrogate end point. C. Differences in setting between the study population and the general population. D. All of the above.

Study Population

Evidence on the Comparative Effectiveness Regarding Quality of Life and Adverse Events

This slide graphically presents numerical differences in late xerostomia reported by seven different reports comparing IMRT vs. 3DCRT. The difference in percentages of adverse avents that occurred with IMRT vs. 3DCRT ranged from 7% to 79%. Four studies found large (greater than 15 percentage points) significant differences favoring IMRT over 3DCRT in the frequency of late xerostomia.

Evidence on the Comparative Effectiveness Regarding Quality of Life and Adverse Events: IMRT vs. 2DRT

This slide graphically presents numerical differences in the incidence of late xerostomia reported by nine different reports comparing IMRT vs. 2DRT. The difference in percentages of adverse avents that occurred with IMRT vs. 2DRT ranged from 43% to 62%. Consistent between-group differences were found for two outcomes: late xerostomia and health-related quality of life domains related to xerostomia.Eight were statistically significant in favor of IMRT.

Evidence on the Comparative Effectiveness Regarding Quality of Life and Adverse Events: 3DCRT vs. 2DRT

Other Adverse Events and Side Effects: Comparisons of Monotherapies

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