Practitioners in the employee relations field provide advice and guidance to supervisors on how to address poor performance and employee misconduct. In such instances, a complex host of requirements concerning performance and misconduct govern matters such as progressive discipline and procedural due process, and these requirements must be considered in effecting disciplinary actions. The most severe of these actions, such as suspensions of more than 14 days, demotions, and removals, are often referred to as "adverse actions."