SUMMARY OF THE
2003 BUDGET
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United States Office of the EPA-205-S-02-001
Environmental Protection Chief Financial Officer February 2002
Agency (2732A)
Internet Address (URL) http://www.epa.gov
Recycled/Recyclable Printed with Vegetable Oil Based Inks on Recycled Paper (Minimum 50% Postconsumer)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page#
Introduction
EPA's Mission and Goals iii
Annual Plan and Budget Overview iv
Goals
Goal 1: Clean Air 1-1
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water II-1
Goal 3: Safe Food 1II-1
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in
Communities, Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems IV-1
Goal 5: Better W;aste Management and Restoration of
Contaminated Waste Sites, and Emergency Response V-I
Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental
Risks VI-1
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information VII-1
Goal 8: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental
Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems ... VIII-1
Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance
With the Law IX-1
Goal 10: Effective Management X-l
Additional Information
Homeland Security....... XI-1
Categorical Grants Program XII-1
Infrastructure Financing XIII-1
Trust Funds XIV-1
Budget Tables XV-1
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EPA's Mission and Goals
The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to protect
human health and to safeguard the natural environment — air, water, and land-
upon which life depends.
EPA's Goals
EPA has developed a series of ten
strategic, long-term Goals in its Strategic
Plan. These goals, together with the
underlying principles that will be used to
achieve them, define the Agency's planning,
budgeting, analysis, and accountability
process.
• Clean Air: The air in every
American community will be safe
and healthy to breathe. In particular,
children, the elderly, and people with
respiratory ailments will be protected
from health risks of breathing
polluted air. Reducing air pollution
will also protect the environment,
resulting in many benefits, such as
restoring life in damaged ecosystems
and reducing health risks to those
whose subsistence depends directly
on those ecosystems.
Clean and Safe Water: All
Americans will have drinking water
that is clean and safe to drink.
Effective protection of America's
rivers, lakes, wetlands, aquifers, and
coastal and ocean waters will sustain
fish, plants, and wildlife, as well as
recreational, subsistence, and eco-
nomic activities. Watersheds and
their aquatic ecosystems will be
restored and protected to improve
public health, enhance water quality.
reduce flooding, and provide habitat
for wildlife.
Safe Food: The foods Americans
eat will be free from unsafe pesticide
residues. Particular attention will be
given to protecting subpopulations
that may be more susceptible to
adverse effects of pesticides or have
higher dietary exposures to pesticide
residues. These include children and
people whose diets include large
amounts of noncommercial foods.
Preventing Pollution and Reducing
Risk in Communities, Homes,
Workplaces, and Ecosystems:
Pollution prevention and risk
management strategies aimed at
eliminating, reducing, or minimizing
emissions and contamination will
result in cleaner and safer
environments in which all Americans
can reside, work, and enjoy life.
EPA will safeguard ecosystems and
promote the health of natural
communities that are integral to the
quality of life in this nation.
Better Waste Management, Re-
storation of Contaminated Waste
Sites, and Emergency Response:
America's wastes will be stored,
treated, and disposed of in ways that
prevent harm to people and the
natural environment. EPA will
in
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EPA's Mission and Goals
work to clean up previously polluted
sites, restore them to uses
appropriate for surrounding com-
munities, and respond to and prevent
waste-related or industrial accidents.
Reduction of Global and Cross-
Border Environmental Risks: The
United States will lead other nations
in successful, multilateral efforts to
reduce significant risks to human
health and ecosystems from climate
change, stratospheric ozone de-
pletion, and other hazards of
international concern.
Quality Environmental In-
formation: The public and decision
makers at all levels will have access
to information about environmental
conditions and human health to
inform decision making and help
assess the general environmental
health of communities. The public
will also have access to educational
services and information services
and tools that provide for the reliable
and secure exchange of quality
environmental information.
Sound Science, Improved Under-
standing of Environmental Risk,
and Greater Innovation to
Address Environmental Problems:
EPA will develop and apply the best
available science for addressing
current and future environmental
hazards as well as new approaches
toward improving environmental
protection.
A Credible Deterrent to Pollution
and Greater Compliance with the
Law: EPA will ensure full
compliance with laws intended to
protect human health and the
environment.
Effective Management: EPA will
maintain the highest-quality stand-
ards for environmental leader-ship
and for effective internal
management and fiscal responsibility
by managing for results.
IV
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Annual Plan and Budget Overview
The Environmental Protection
Agency's FY 2003 Annual Plan and Budget
requests S7.724 billion in discretionary
budget authority and supports 17,648 Full
Time Equivalents (FTE). Resources support
the Agency's efforts to work with its
partners toward cleaner air, purer water, and
better protected land. The Agency's
proposal for FY 2003 supports the
Administration's commitment to setting
high standards for environmental protection,
while focusing on results and performance.
Strong Partnerships and Innovative
Approaches
With this Annual Plan and Budget,
the Administration demonstrates that strong
partnerships and innovative approaches are
the way to a healthier, cleaner environment.
This budget provides critical environmental
and health protections, with the recognition
that State, local and Tribal governments
often have the best solutions for their
environmental challenges. Nearly forty-five
percent of our proposed budget — S3.46
billion — consists of grants for states, tribes,
and other EPA partners. This budget
supports two innovative state grant
programs: one for environmental in-
formation networks and another for state
enforcement efforts. This budget also
provides substantial support for the Nation's
critical water infrastructure needs with
$2.062 billion for the Clean Water and
Drinking Water State Revolving Funds.
A Commitment to Reform and Results
The Agency is committed to the
Administration's government-wide, citizen-
centered reform efforts. This Annual Plan
and Budget represents a strong commitment
to reduce regulatory burdens and streamline
Agency operations, so that the Agency's
focus is on environmental results, rather
than process. EPA implemented a significant
management reform by restructuring its
budget to match the strategic goals and
objective structure of its strategic plan under
the Government Performance and Results
Act (GPRA). The Agency's own
management reform agenda fully supports
the President's goals for a government that
is citizen-centered, results-oriented, and
market-based. EPA is taking steps to ensure
that its workforce is efficiently focused on
delivering environmental results to its
ultimate customer: the American people.
Implementation of the President's
Management Reform Agenda is primary to
the Agency's FY 2003 budget request. EPA,
as well as other Federal agencies, was
provided baseline scores on five
government-wide initiatives, including:
Human Capital, E-Government, Competitive
Sourcing, Financial Performance, and
Budget and Performance Integration.
Although widely considered to have scored
far better than other federal agencies, EPA
will focus on improvements to the scores,
and moving towards "green" lights in all
areas. The Agency's plans for progress in
these five areas are described throughout the
budget
Homeland Security
The President's FY 2003 Budget
requests $124 million in new funding for a
total EPA investment of SI 33.4 million in
homeland security. These investments
include: $13.2 million for continued
operation of the West Coast Environmental
Response Team and enhancing emergency
response capabilities; $5 million in grants to
states to enhance homeland security
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Annual Plan and Budget Overview
EPA will provide industry, states, and
consumers with the information on
technology performance they need to make
informed decisions by developing 10 testing
protocols and completing 40 additional
technology verifications for a cumulative
Environmental Technology Verification
(ETV) program total of 230,
coordination; $16.9 million to conduct
drinking water system vulnerability
assessments on small to mid-sized systems;
$19 million to maintain security contracts
and continue upgrades at EPA facilities as
initiated by the Emergency Supplemental
Appropriation Act; $75 million to conduct
research on better technologies and
assessments to clean up buildings
contaminated and biological and chemical
agents; S3.8 million for special agents who
will provide environmental crimes expertise;
and $0.5 million to enhance outreach on the
Agency's Homeland Security efforts to the
public.
Cleaner Air
Under the Clean Air Act, EPA works
Maintain health air quality for 44,1 million
people living in monitored areas attaining
the ozone standard. Certify that 2 areas of
the remaining 45 nonattainment areas have
attained the I-hour NAAQS for ozone, thus
increasing the number of people living in
areas with healthy air quality by 1.0 million.
to make the air clean and healthy to breathe
by setting standards for ambient air quality,
toxic air pollutant emissions, new pollution
sources, and mobile sources. President Bush
has directed EPA in his National Energy
Policy to work with the Congress to develop
legislation that would establish a flexibility
market-based approach to significantly cap
and reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides,
sulfur dioxide, and mercury from power
generation utilities. Also, as part of the
implementation of the National Energy
Policy, EPA will work with States, Tribes,
and Local agencies to put in place new-
source review programs that are both fairer
and more effective in provide more certainty
for the regulated communities.
In FY 2003, EPA will assist States,
Tribes and local governments in devising
additional stationary and mobile source
strategies to reduce ozone and paniculate
matter, and other pollutants.
The Agency also will develop
strategies and rules to help States and Tribes
reduce emissions and exposure to hazardous
air pollutants, particularly in urban areas,
and reduce harmful deposition in water
bodies. A key to achieving the Clean Air
Goal is $232.6 million included in this
budget for air grants which go directly to
States and Tribes.
Addressing Climate Change
This budget request includes $129.7
million to meet the Agency's climate change
objectives by working with business and
other sectors to deliver multiple benefits -
from cleaner air to lower energy bills -
while improving overall scientific
understanding of climate change and its
potential consequences. The core of EPA's
climate change efforts are government/
industry partnership programs designed to
Air toxics emissions nationwide from
stationary and mobile sources combined will
be reduced by an additional 3% (for a
cumulative reduction of 40% from the 1993
level of 6.1 million ions per year.)
VI
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Annual Plan and Budget Overview
capitalize on the tremendous opportunities
available to consumers, businesses, and
organizations to make sound investments in
efficient equipment and practices. These
programs remove barriers in the
marketplace, resulting in faster deployment
of technology into the residential,
commercial, transportation, and industrial
sectors of the economy.
Greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced
from projected levels by approximately 73.5
MMTCE per year through EPA partnerships
with businesses, schools, state and local
governments, and other organizations
thereby offsetting growth in greenhouse
gas emissions above 1990 level by about
20%.
Purer Water
Over the past three decades, our
Nation has made significant progress in
water pollution prevention and cleanup.
While we have substantially cleaned up
many of our most polluted waterways, and
provided safer drinking water for millions of
U.S. residents, significant challenges
remain. This budget request addresses the
challenge to provide clean and safe water in
every American community.
« Protection from Drinking Water
Contaminants. The FY2003 request
strengthens work with the States and
Tribes to implement new health
based standards to control for
microbial contaminants, disinfectants
and their byproducts, and other
contaminants.
92 percent of the population served by the
community water systems will receive
drinking water meeting all health based
standards in effect as of 1994, up from 83
percent in 1994.
Drinking Water State Revolving
Fund. The Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund (DWSRF) request
of $850 million will provide
substantial funding to States and
Tribes to upgrade and modernize
drinking water systems.
BEACHES Grants. This budget
includes $10 million for grants to
states to develop monitoring and
notification programs for coastal
recreation waters. This funding
supports the Agency's im-
plementation of the "Beaches
Environmental Assessment and
Coastal Health Act of 2000."
New Watershed Investments. The
FY 2003 request includes an
initiative designed to support
watershed efforts. The $21 million
Targeted Watershed Program
recognizes States' needs for
additional support for the range of
water quality restoration tools, from
adequate monitoring to effective and
appropriate standards, TMDL
development, and to implementation
of those load limits via point source
permit requirements and nonpoint
source controls. The Program will
provide direct grants to watershed
stakeholders ready to implement
comprehensive restoration actions.
Helping States Address Run-off and
Restore Polluted Waters. The
President's FY 2003 Budget
provides significant resources to
states to build on successes we have
achieved in protecting the Nation's
waters, by providing States and
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Annual Plan and Budget Overview
Tribes with grants to address
polluted run-off, protect valuable
wetlands, and restore polluted
waterways.
Clean Water State Revolving Fund.
This budget request includes $1.212
billion for States and Tribes for the
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
(CWSRF). States receive
capitalization grants, which enable
them to provide low interest loans to
communities to construct wastewater
treatment infrastructure and fund
other projects to enhance water
quality. This investment allows EPA
to meet the goal for the CWSRF to
provide $2 billion average in annual
financial assistance over the long-
term even after Federal assistance
ends.
700 projects funded by the Clean Water SRF
will initiate operations, including400
projects providing secondary treatment,
advanced treatment, combined sewer
overflow correction (treatment), and/or storm
water treatment. Cumulatively, 8,600
CWSRF-funded projects will have initiated
operations since program inception.
Protecting Human Health along the
U.S...-Mexico Border. This budget
includes $75 million for water and
wastewater projects along the U.S.-
Mexico Border. These resources
help the Agency address the serious
environmental and human health
problems associated with untreated
A cumulative 900 thousand residents of the
U.S.-Mexico border area will be protected
from health risks because of the
construction of adequate water and
wastewater sanitation systems since 1994.
and industrial and municipal sewage
on the U.S.-Mexico border.
Better Protected Land
EPA will provide additional site
assessment funding to 74 new sites, and to
52 existing sites, resulting in a cumulative
total of 3,350 properties assessed, the
generation of 21,300 jobs, and the
leveraging of $5 billion in cleanup and
redevelopment funds since 1995.
Cleaning Up Toxic Waste
* Keeping Superfund Working. This
budget continues a commitment to
clean up toxic waste sites with $1.3
billion for Superfund cleanups. The
Agency will also work to maximize
the participation of responsible
parties in site cleanups while
promoting fairness in the
enforcement process. This budget
will continue the dramatic progress
we have made in cleaning up toxic
waste sites, while protecting public
EPA and its partners will complete 40
Superfund cleanups (construction
completions).
health, and returning land to
productive use. Through September
2001, cleanups have been completed
at 804 sites, and over 6,500 removal
actions have been taken.
Revitalizing Local Economies and
Creating Jobs Through Brownfields
Cleanup and Redevelopment. The
FY 2003 budget request includes
$200 million for the Brownfields
program, which is an increase of
viu
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Annual Plan and Budget Overview
over $100 million above the FY
2002 request level. The additional
resources will support the
redevelopment and revitalization of
Brownfields communities by
providing funding for additional
assessments at hazardous waste and
petroleum contaminated properties
and for state voluntary cleanup
programs. The Brownfields program
will continue to promote local
cleanup and redevelopment of
industrial sites, returning abandoned
land to productive use and bringing
jobs to blighted areas.
Strong Science
The FY 2003 budget supports EPA's
efforts to further strengthen the role of
science in decision-making by using sound
scientific information and analysis to help
direct policy and establish priorities. The
Agency will achieve maximum
environmental and health protections by
employing the highest quality scientific
methods, models, tools, and approaches.
This budget request includes $602 million to
develop and apply sound science to address
both current and future environmental
challenges. The budget request supports a
balanced research and development program
designed to address Administration and
Agency priorities, and meet the challenges
of the Clean Air Act (CAA), the Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA), the Food Quality Protection Act
(FQPA), and other environmental statutes.
Broad-Based and Multi-Media
Approaches
Integrating Environmental Information
In FY2003, EPA will continue its
grant program that provides assistance to the
States and Tribes to develop and implement
the Exchange Network. The grant program
builds on work currently underway in
several states. It assists States and Tribes in
evaluating their readiness to participate in
the Exchange Network, enhances their
efforts to complete necessary' changes to
their information management systems to
facilitate Exchange Network participation,
and supports state information integration
efforts. The grant program also proposes
providing training and other technical
assistance programs to assist States and
Tribes in developing and implementing the
Exchange Network.
EPA will maintain and improve quality and
accuracy of EPA's enforcement and
compliance data to identify noncompliance and
focus on human health and environmental
problems.
The Central Data Exchange (CDX)
is the focal point for securely receiving,
translating, and forwarding data to EPA's
data systems — the electronic reporting
gateway to the Agency's information
network. The CDX satisfies the
Government Paperwork Elimination Act
mandates by providing the infrastructure
necessary to implement electronic signature
and electronic filing of EPA required
reports. In FY2003, the CDX infrastructure,
a key component of the Exchange Network,
will service 45 states and an assemblage of
25,000 facilities, companies, and
IX
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Annual Plan and Budget Overview
The number of states using the Central Data
Exchange will increase to 45 as the means by
which they submit data.
laboratories. These facilities will use it to
provide data to EPA electronically. By
widely implementing an electronic reporting
infrastructure, the CDX will reduce reliance
on less efficient paper-based processes,
thereby improving data quality, reducing
reporting burden, and simplifying the
reporting process.
Working with States for Effective, Sensible
Enforcement
Most of the Nation's environmental
laws envision a strong role for state
governments in implementing and managing
environmental programs. The FY 2003
request includes $15 million for the Agency
to continue support to state agencies
implementing authorized, delegated, or
approved environmental programs through
the new enforcement grant program. These
funds will continue to allow states greater
responsibility for enforcement of
environmental laws and regulations.
EPA will improve capacity of states, localities
and Tribes to conduct enforcement and
compliance programs. EPA will provide
training as well as assistance with state and
Tribal inspections to build capacity, including
implementation of the inspector credentials
program for Tribal law enforcement personnel.
The FY 2003 request will continue to
support the regulated community's
compliance with environmental re-
quirements through voluntary compliance
incentives and assistance programs. The
Agency will provide information and
technical assistance to the regulated
community through the compliance
assistance program to increase its
understanding of all statutory or regulatory
environmental requirements, thereby
reducing risk to human health and the
environment and gaining measurable
improvements in compliance. The program
will also continue to develop strategies and
compliance assistance tools that will support
initiatives targeted toward improving
compliance in specific industrial and
commercial sectors or with certain
regulatory requirements.
Ensuring Safe Food through the Food
Quality Protection Act (FQPA)
The FY 2003 request includes
$142.3 million to help meet the multiple
challenges of the implementation of the
Increase the regulated community's
compliance with environmental
requirements through their expanded use of
compliance assistance. The Agency will
continue to support small business
compliance assistance centers and develop
compliance assistance tools such as sector
notebooks and compliance guides.
Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of
1996 so that all Americans will continue to
enjoy one of the safest, most abundant, and
most affordable food supplies in the world.
FQPA focuses on the registration of reduced
risk pesticides to provide an alternative to
the older versions on the market, and on
developing and delivering information on
alternative pesticides/techniques and best
pest control practices to pesticide users.
FQPA implements a "whole farm" approach
to pollution management and will help
farmers transition — without disrupting
production — to safer substitutes and
alternative farming practices. Expanded
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Annual Plan and Budget Overview
support for tolerance reassessments will
reduce the risks to public health from older
pesticides. Reassessing existing tolerances
ensures food safety, especially for infants
and children; and ensures that all pesticides
registered for use meet the most current
health standards. This budget request also
supports FQPA-related science through
scientific assessments of cumulative risk,
including funds for validation of testing
components of the Endocrine Disrupter
Screening Program.
By the end of 2003, EPA will reassess a
cumulative 68% of the 9,721 pesticide
tolerances required to he reassessed over ten
years. This includes 75% of the 893
tolerances of special concern in protecting the
health of children.
SUMMARY
The EPA's FY2003 Annual Plan and Budget
provides the resources and vision necessary
to reach our Nation's environmental mission
to protect the environment and human
health. This budget represents this
Administration's commitment to work with
our environmental partners to develop
innovative environmental programs that
ensure cleaner air, purer water, and better
protected land now and for generations to
come.
XI
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Environmental Protection Agency's
2003 Budget Totals $7.7 Billion
(dollars in billions)
f~1 Infrastructure
PI Trust Funds
Operating Program
$7.4
$7.6 $7.6 S7.9
S8.0
$6.9
$2.5
$1.7
$2.7
S6.6 $6.6
$6.5
$6.7
$2.5
$1.5
$2.6
$2.5
$1.4
$2.7
$2.0
$1.3
$3.0
$2.2
$1.4
$3.1
$2.5
$1.5
$3.4
$2.5
$1.5
$3.6
$2.6
$1.4
$3.6
$2.6
$1.4
$3.9
$2.7
$1.4
$4.0
$7.7
$2.3
$1.4
$4.1
FY ! 993-2002 reflect EPA's final enacted operating plan.
FY 2002 does not include $175.6 million provided for Homeland Security in the
Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act.
FY 2003 includes $107 million for proposed new pension and health benefits legislation. To
make columns comparable. FY 2001 and FY 2002 have also been revised for this change.
Xll
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Environmental Protection Agency's 2003
Workforce Totals 17,648
1 ' 1
1993
17.280
17.106
'
! .
17.082 ,17-152
i ,
p
17,739
1 K.I Id
17.670
17,558
17.645
17.648
r
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
FY 1993 through FY 2001 reflect actual FTE usage; FY 2002 docs not include workyears
provided for Homeland Security in the Emergency Supplemental Appropnation^Ac^
Kill
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Environmental Protection Agency
2003 Budget by Goal
Total Agency: $7,723.6 million*
Coal8
4.2%
Coal 9
5.2%
Goal?
2.6%
Goal 6: Reducing Global Risks
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information
Goal 8: Sound Science
Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution &
Greater Compliance with the Law
Goal 10: Effective Management
GoalS
22.2%
Goal 1; Clean Air
Goal 2: Clean & Safe Water
Goal 3: Safe Food
Goal 4; Preventing Pollution
Goal 5: Better Waste Management
'•'Include* &4.0M ill offsetting receipts.
*Resources associated with the pending health benefits legislation account for 1.3% of the Agency's budget.
XIV
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Goal 1:
Clean Air
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Goal 1: Clean Air
<;..! I: ?.•"-.
©
Strategic Goal: The air in every American community will be safe and
healthy to breathe. In particular, children, the elderly, and people with
respiratory aliments will be protected from health risks of breathing
polluted air. Reducing air pollution will also protect the environment,
resulting in many benefits, such as restoring life in damaged ecosystems
and reducing health risks to those whose subsistence depends directly on
those ecosystems.
Resource Summary
(dollars in thousands)
FY 2002 FY 2003
Enacted Request
FY 2003 vs.
FY 2002
Clean Air
Attain NAAQS
Reduce Air Toxics Risk
Reduce Acid Rain
Workyears
$593,361.8
$457,711.8
5114,658.9
$20,991.1
1,830.7
$597,9773
$458,856.3
SI 18,023.2
$21,097.8
1,820.0
$4,615.5
$1,144.5
$3,364.3
$106.7
(10.7)
Means and Strategy
EPA's overall goals for the air
quality program include: improving air
quality and addressing highest health and
environmental risks, while reducing
program costs; getting better results in less
burdensome ways; and increasing the roles
of State, Tribal, and local governments. The
Clean Air Act provides the principal
framework for national. State, Tribal, and
local efforts to protect and improve air
quality and reduce risks. Under the Clean
Air Act, EPA has a number of
responsibilities:
* Ensuring continued protection of
public health and the environment
through regular review of National
Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQSs) for the six criteria
pollutants and revision of the
NAAQSs. if necessary, based on the
latest scientific information
available.
Ensuring that the NAAQSs are met
by developing and carrying out
national regulatory and non-
regulatory programs that reduce air
pollution from vehicles, factories,
and other sources, and by working in
partnership with State, Tribal, and
local governments on implementing
their clean air programs.
1-1
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Goal 1: Clean Air
• Assessing public health risks from
air toxics and reducing public
exposure to pollutants that cause or
may cause cancer and other adverse
human health effects through
pollution prevention and reduction of
toxic emissions.
• Reducing acid rain through a market-
based approach that provides
flexibility to electric utilities and
other large sources of sulfur dioxide
(SCb) and nitro oxides (NOX) in how
they meet emission reduction
requirements.
• Protecting and enhancing visibility
across large regional areas, including
many of the Nation's most treasured
parks and wilderness areas, by
reducing pollutants such as
particulate matter (PM), SCb, and
NOS.
• Providing a strong scientific basis for
policy and regulatory decisions and
exploring emerging problem areas
through a coordinated, comprehen-
sive research program.
One constant across the titles of the
Clean Air Act is that they all are designed to
get the most cost-effective pollution
reductions early on. The problems that
remain are some of the most difficult to
solve. EPA has developed strategies to help
address this difficult increment and
overcome the barriers that have hindered
progress towards clean air in the past. The
Agency will use flexible approaches, where
possible, instead of hard-and-fast formulas
or specific technology requirements. Also,
the Agency will work with areas that have
the worst problems to develop strategies that
address unique local conditions and achieve
real risk reductions that matter to
communities.
• Mulli-pQlliitanl^strategies. The many
inter-relationships among ozone, fine
PM, regional haze, and air toxics
problems provide opportunities for
developing integrated strategies to
reduce pollutant emissions. EPA
has encouraged States, Tribes, and
local governments to coordinate the
work they are doing to maximize the
effectiveness of control strategies.
* Economic incentives. EPA has
provided increased flexibility to
industry through the use of economic
incentives and market-based
approaches. Emissions trading,
averaging, and banking have become
standard tools in the Agency's air
programs. The acid rain program
uses allowance trading and early
reduction credits 13 cut control costs
and reduce pollution faster. The Tier
II and diesel programs allow
manufacturers to produce a mix of
vehicles that collectively meet
emission reduction targets. EPA's
economic incentive programs
include a variety of measures
designed to increase flexibility and
efficiency, while maintaining the
accountability and enforceability of
traditional air quality management
programs.
* Consensus building. In im-
plementing the Clean Air Act, the
Agency has emphasized consensus
building, and broad stakeholder
involvement. Examples include:
• Working cooperatively with
industry on toxics standards (e.g.,
the regulatory-negotiation with
the coke oven industry).
1-2
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Goal 1: Clean Air
" Working with industry to
implement innovative approaches
(e.g., the auto industry
voluntarily agreeing to meet
National Low Emission Vehicle
standards).
" Meeting with the refining
industry, the auto industry, and
State officials to balance the
many concerns in the Tier II
rulemaking and promulgating a
groundbreaking national program
supported by a wide range of
stakeholders.
Systems jpj?roach, Tier II also is a
good example of how the Agency
looks at air quality problems from a
broader perspective and takes
advantage of the potential synergies.
As catalyst technology requires low-
sulfur del, the Agency is regulating
fuels and vehicles as one system, to
give pollution control manufacturers
the incentive to develop even cleaner
technologies. This results in a
greater reduction in pollution — at
less cost — than by addressing fuels
and vehicles separately.
Innovative technology. EPA
increasingly incorporates incentives
and performance-based approaches
into regulations to spur new
technologies that will help meet
ambitious goals more cost-
effectively (sometimes at even less
cost than EPA has predicted). The
Agency also is building partnerships
that help develop and deploy these
new technologies. The report
prepared to meet the requirements of
section 812 of the Clean Air Act
includes a list of the technologies
that have been developed since the
1990 Amendments. The advances
have been remarkable. Technologies
like selective catalytic reduction
(SCR) on power plants, ultra-low
NOX burners, or advanced catalysts
now have entered the mainstream, at
far less cost than anyone predicted.
Research
EPA's NAAQS-related research
supports the Agency's Clean Air Goal to
meet national clean air standards for carbon
monoxide (CO), SOi, nitrogen dioxide
(NOi), lead, tropospheric ozone, and PM.
This research provides methods, models,
data, and assessment criteria on the health
risks associated with these and other
pollutants, alone and in combination,
focusing on the exposures, health effects,
mechanisms of injury, and identifying
components of PM, which affect public
health. In addition, this research provides
NAAQS implementation tools to support
efforts by industry, and State, Tribal, and
local regulators, to develop and improve
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and
Tribal Implementation Plans (TIPs) to attain
the NAAQS.
Research on air toxics investigates
the root causes of the environmental and
human health problems in urban areas
related to these pollutants. These efforts
provide the necessary health effects data,
measurements, methods, models, in-
formation, assessments, and technical
support to EPA, State, Tribal, and local
regulators to estimate human health effects
and aggregate exposures to hazardous air
pollutants. Research also supports atmos-
pheric and emission modeling in order to
estimate fate, ambient concentrations, and
mobile source emissions of air toxics at a
more refined scale. With this information
the Agency will be in a better position to
1-3
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Goal 1: Clean Air
determine risk and develop alternative
strategies for maximizing risk reductions.
Highlights
Continue progress toward NAAQS
attainment.
For FY 2003, EPA will implement
the President's National Energy Policy;
continue the regular reviews of the NAAQS;
carry out programs to meet NAAQS and
regional haze requirements; and continue the
research, air quality monitoring, and
laboratory analyses that provide the
scientific and technical bases for the
NAAQS program.
" Mu|ti-j3ollutant legislation. President
Bush has directed EPA in his
National Energy Policy to work with
the Congress to develop legislation
that would establish a flexible,
market-based approach to sig-
nificantly cap and reduce emissions
of NOX, SOi, and mercury from the
power generation sector. The
legislation would build on the
successful acid rain program and on
the NOx allowance trading program
for the Northeast. Reducing
emissions of NOX and SO? will
reduce levels of ground-level ozone
and PM, as well as acid deposition.
* New Source Review reform. Also
as part of the implementation of the
National Energy Policy, EPA will
work with States, Tribes and local
agencies to put in place revised New
Source Review programs. EPA is
working with stakeholders to explore
options that are both fairer and more
effective and provide more certainty
for the regulated communities.
Review of NAAQS. During
FY 2002, EPA will make available
to the public a comprehensive
assessment of recent scientific
findings on the health and
environmental risks associated with
PM. Following completion of this
assessment and a staff paper that
evaluates the policy implications of
the scientific findings, EPA will
propose in FY 2003 a decision on
whether to retain or revise the PM
NAAQS.
Implemgntgtiori of existing NAAQS.
On the national level, EPA will work
with States, Tribes, and local
governments on developing and
implementing measures to meet
clean air standards. The Agency will
continue technical support for
implementing the 1-hour ozone
NAAQS. EPA also will support
States and Tribes in developing
innovative, voluntary programs that
will help to achieve early reductions
in the transition to the 8-hour ozone
standard. The Agency also will
develop a strategy and guidance for
transition from the PM-10 standard
to a fine paniculate standard. We
will work to promote and expand the
use of voluntary, and smart growth
and other innovative approaches to
provide emission reductions.
Public information. EPA and States
will expand outreach efforts to
promote public awareness of the Air
Quality Index.
Vehicle, engine, andfMei§ jtendjrds.
EPA will establish and implement
Federal standards to require cleaner
motor vehicles, fuels, and non-road
equipment that are cost-effective and
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Goal 1: Clean Air
technically feasible. The Agency
will continue implementation of the
Tier I! and gasoline sulfur standards.
The Agency also will continue work
on the 2007 heavy-duty highway
engine and diesel sulfur
requirements. In addition, EPA will
develop a proposed rule establishing
new standards for heavy-duty, non-
road, land-based diesel engines and
vehicles.
Testing for compliance. EPA will
continue research, monitoring, and
laboratory analysis of industry
compliance to national air quality
standards. By 2003, a dramatic
change in the type and amount of
testing will be required at EPA's
National Vehicle and Emissions
Laboratory (NVFEL) to ensure
meeting the goals of the Tier II and
Heavy-Duty Engine regulations, as
well as to proceed with
advancements in vehicle emission
control technologies. To meet this
challenge, EPA will require an
investment for essential emission
measurement system upgrades at the
NVFEL in order to (1) fully
implement and enforce the new Tier
II emission standards and test
procedures for all passenger cars and
light trucks beginning with the 2004
model year; (2) implement and
enforce the model years 2004 and
2007 Diesel Engine Standards for all
on-highway, heavy-duty engines;
and (3) develop digital and
computer-based emission
measurement system upgrades
required to accurately measure the
next generation of emission control
systems.
Reduce public exposure to air toxics.
In FY 2003, EPA will develop
strategies and rules to help States and Tribes
reduce emissions and exposure to hazardous
air pollutants, particularly in urban areas,
and reduce harmful deposition in water
bodies. The Agency also will target source
characterization work, especially
development and improvement of emissions
information, that is essential for the States,
Tribes, and local agencies to develop
strategies to meet the standards. EPA will
look closely at urban areas to determine the
various sources of toxics that enter the air,
water, and soil, and determine the best
manner to reduce the total toxics risk in
these urban areas. Some specific activities
and initiatives in this program for FY 2003
include:
• Air toxics monilprinK. EPA will
work with States to expand the air
toxic monitoring network operated
by State, Tribal, and local agencies.
This expansion will help assess the
success of EPA's comprehensive air
toxics strategy as well as the multi-
pollutant strategy. Such monitoring
data will also enable EPA to
benchmark its models and to track
ambient trends for inhalation-risk air
toxics and toxic components of
paniculate matter.
* Air toxics Riles. EPA will continue
the extensive residual risk analyses
for sources covered by Maximum
Achievable Control Technology
(MACT) standards to determine if
additional standards are necessary to
reduce the remaining risks from
these sources.
« Mobile sources air toxics. In FY
2001, EPA issued a rule to address
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Goal 1: Clean Air
emissions of air toxics from mobile
sources. In the rule, the Agency
identified 21 mobile source air toxics
and established new gasoline toxic
emission performance standards.
The rule established a Technical
Analysis Plan to conduct research
and analysis on mobile source air
toxics. Based on the results of that
research, EPA will consider nature
rulemaking in 2004 in which EPA
will revisit the feasibility and need
for additional controls for non-road
and highway engines and vehicles
and their fuels. To prepare for this
review, in FY 2003, EPA will
continue gathering emissions data,
conducting exposure analyses, and
evaluating the need for additional
controls. EPA also will incorporate
toxics emissions data into the mobile
source models.
Implement market-based acid rain
program.
For FY 2003 EPA will continue to
carry out the market-based acid rain
program, tracking emissions, auditing and
certifying monitors, recording transfers of
allowances, and reconciling emissions and
allowances.
* Phase II implementation. EPA will
continue to implement the trading
system, tracking transfers of
emission allowances from the
expanded number of electric utility
units covered by the Phase II
requirements of the Clean Air Act.
• Monitoring and assessment. EPA
will manage the operation of the
Clean Air Status and Trends
Network (CASTNet), a wet
deposition network, and provide
operational support for the National
Atmospheric Deposition Program
(NADP), a dry deposition network.
The Agency will use the monitoring
results, along with other information,
to help assess the effectiveness of the
acid rain program in reducing health
and environmental risks.
Research
EPA's NAAQS-related research
program will develop new information and
assess existing studies to support statutorily
mandated reviews of the NAAQS and will
upgrade methods and models needed to
guide development of SIPs and TIPs, used to
achieve the NAAQS. In FY 2003,
tropospheric ozone research will evaluate
and refine emissions and air quality models
to support efforts by Agency, State, Tribal
and local regulators, as well as industry, to
improve SIPs and TIPs for tropospheric
ozone. The PM research program will
continue work to strengthen the scientific
basis for the periodic review of the PM
NAAQS, including conducting epi-
demiological and exposure studies. The PM
program will also develop tools and methods
for use by States, Tribal, and local regulators
to assess control options to improve PM
NAAQS implementation plans that will
move the Agency toward its objective of
reducing Americans* exposure to PM. Also
included under this objective will be
research to support review of the lead,
carbon monoxide (CO), SOi, and NOi
NAAQS.
Air toxics research provides
information on effects, exposure, source
characterization, as well as other data to
quantify existing emissions and to identify
key pollutants and strategies for cost
effective risk management. In FY 2003,
research will focus on completing health
1-6
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Goal 1: Clean Air
assessments for some of the highest priority
hazardous air pollutants, and providing the
science and technical support to Agency,
State, Tribal and local regulators to estimate
health effects and exposures to hazardous air
pollutants both indoors and outdoors and to
reduce risks.
2003 Annual Performance Goals
« In 2003, maintain healthy air quality
for 44.1 million people living in
monitored areas attaining the ozone
standard; certify that 2 areas of the
remaining 45 nonattainment areas
have attained the 1-hour NAAQS for
ozone thus increasing the number of
people living in areas with healthy
air by 1.0 million,
* In 2003, maintain healthy air quality
for 7,2 million people living in
monitored areas attaining the PM
standards; increase by 81 thousand
the number of people living in areas
with healthy air quality that have
newly attained the standard.
* In 2003, maintain healthy air quality
for 52.7 million people living in
monitored areas attaining the CO,
SOj, NCb, and lead standards;
increase by 4,1 million the number
of people living in areas with healthy
air quality that have newly attained
the standard.
In 2003, air toxics emissions
nationwide from stationary and
mobile sources combined will be
reduced by an additional 3% of the
updated 1993 baseline of 6.1 million
tons (for a cumulative reduction of
40% from the 1993 level of 6.1
million tons per year.)
In 2003, maintain or increase annual
SCb emission reduction of
approximately 5 million tons from
the 1980 baseline. Keep annual
emissions below level authorized by
allowance holdings and make
progress towards achievement of
Year 2010 SO? emissions cap for
utilities.
In 2003, 2 million tons of NO, from
coal-fired utility sources will be
reduced from levels that would have
been emitted without implementation
of Title IV of the Clean Air Act
Amendments,
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Goal 1: Clean Air
Goal 1: Clean Air Key Programs
(dotInn in thousands)
Acid Rain -CASTNct
Acid Rain-Program Implementation
Air Toxics Research
Air,State,Local and Tribal Assistance Grants: Other Air Grants
Carbon Monoxide
Congressional ly Mandated Projects
Facilities Infrastructure ind Operations
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Homeland Security*
Lead
Legal Services
Management Services and Stewardship
Nitrogen Oxides
Ozone
Paniculate Matter
Participate Matter Research
Regional Haze
Regional Management
Sulfur Dioxide
Tropospheric Ozone Research
FY 2002
Enacted
S3.99I.2
$12,500,2
$18,923.4
$232,584,6
§4,258.4
$18,837.5
$25.720.2
$52.225.3
$874.0
$342.2
$7,874.6
$5,960.0
$1.325,5
$68,455.1
$52,302.7
$65,468.2
$2,535.9
$349.5
$12.318.5
S6.514.8
*FY 2002 does not include $175.6 million provided in the Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act for Homeland Security,
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Goal 2
Clean and
Water
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Goal 2; Clean and Safe Water
Strategic Goal: All Americans will have drinking water that is clean and
safe to drink. Effective protection of America's rivers, lakes, wetlands,
aquifers, and coastal and ocean waters will sustain fish, plants, and
wildlife, as well as recreational, aibsistence, and economic activities.
Watersheds and their aquatic ecosystems will be restored and protected to
improve public health, enhance water quality, reduce flooding, and
provide habitat for wildlife.
Resource Summary
(dollars in thousands)
FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 vs.
Enacted Request FY 2002
Clean & Safe Water
Safe Drinking Water, Fish and Recreational
Waters
$3,738,990.3 $3,214,674.2 ($524,316.1)
$1,268,497.1 $1,148,425.1 ($120,072.0)
Protect Watersheds and Aquatic Communities $463,061.1 $435,814.7 ($27,246.4)
Reduce Loadings and Air Deposition
Workyears
$2,007,432.1 $1,630,434.4 ($376,997.7)
2,737.3
2,742.8
5.5
Means and Strategy
To achieve the Nation's clean and
safe water goals, EPA will operate under an
overarching watershed approach in carrying
out its statutory authorities under both the
Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments
(SDWA) of 1996 and the Clean Water Act
(CWA). Protecting watersheds involves
participation by a wide variety of
stakeholders, a comprehensive assessment
of the condition of the watershed, and
implementation of solutions based on sound
science and stakeholder input. Full
involvement of stakeholders at all levels of
government, the regulated community, and
the public is fundamental to the watershed
approach. The watershed approach helps
EPA, its Federal partners, States, Tribes,
local governments, and other stakeholders to
implement tailored solutions and maximize
the benefits gained from the use of
increasingly scarce resources.
EPA will continue to implement the
SDWA Amendments of 1996 that chart a
new and challenging course for EPA, States,
tribes, and water suppliers. The central
provisions of the Amendments include 1)
improving the way that EPA sets drinking
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
water safety standards and develops
regulations based on good science,
prioritization of effort, sound risk
assessment, and effective risk management;
2) providing flexibility to the States in
monitoring for certain contaminants and in
setting time francs for compliance with
regulations, and providing funding for
improvements to drinking water
infrastructure through the Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund (DWSRF); 3)
establishing new prevention approaches,
including provisions for operator
certification, capacity development, and
source water protection; and 4) providing
better information to consumers, including
consumer confidence reports.
EPA has a significant role in
protecting public health from terrorist
attacks on the nations critical water
infrastructure. Through Presidential
Decision Directive (FDD) 63, EPA is
working through a public-private partnership
to safeguard water supplies and wastewater
treatment systems from terrorist acts. Using
FY 02 base and supplemental funds, EPA
and its partners, especially the American
Water Works Association (AWWA) and the
Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies
(AMWA), will fulfill this responsibility by
providing technical and financial assistance
to utilities to assess vulnerabilities of water
supplies and to take appropriate actions to
protect water systems.
EPA will continue efforts to provide
States and tribes tools and information to
assist them in protecting their residents from
health risks associated with contaminated
recreational waters and noncommercially-
caught fish. These tools will help reduce
health risks, including risks to sensitive
populations such as children and subsistence
and recreational anglers. EPA activities
include development of water quality
criteria (including aquatic life, human
health, biological, nutrient, and pathogen
criteria), enhanced fish tissue monitoring,
development of fish and shellfish
consumption advisories, and risk assessment
activities. For beaches, EPA's three-part
strategy is to strengthen beach standards and
testing, improve the scientific basis for
beach assessment, and develop methods to
inform the public about beach conditions.
Beach water quality monitoring and public
notification will be improved by providing
grants to state and local governments as
authorized under Section 406 of the Clean
Water Act. These efforts help implement
the Beaches Environmental Assessment and
Coastal Health (BEACH) Act of 2000 with
its emphasis on developing strong
monitoring and notification programs.
Key to the watershed approach is
continued development of scientifically-
based water quality standards and criteria
under the CWA and better consolidated
identification of waters not meeting these
goals under Sections 303(d) and 305(b).
Where water quality standards are not being
met, EPA will work with States and tribes to
improve implementation of a Total
Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program
that establishes the analytical basis for
watershed-based decisions on needed
pollution reductions. To support States and
tribes in their standards adoption and TMDL
programs, EPA will continue to provide
scientifically sound criteria and guidance for
toxic chemicals, nutrients, biological
integrity, microbial, and physical stressors.
EPA will continue to develop and revise
national effluent guideline limitations and
standards, capitalize and manage the Clean
Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF)
11-2
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
program and other funding mechanisms,
strengthen the focus of state nonpoint source
programs on protecting and restoring
waterbodies, and target the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit program to achieve
progress toward attainment of water quality
standards and support implementation of
TMDLs in impaired water bodies. The
Agency will continue to work with States to
reduce the NPDES permit backlog and to
expand data management/electronic
information activities lo include permit
information on storm water, combined sewer
overflows (CSOs), sanitary sewer overflows
(SSOs), concentrated animal feeding
operations (CAFOs), indirect discharges,
and other emerging areas. Annual
performance goals to reduce discharges and
to prevent pass through to the Nation's
waters will identify these sources and model
their loading reductions. With concrete
information on the NPDES universe,
including sufficient data to model loading
reductions from all classes of discharges and
integration of that information with other
water quality data, EPA will be better able
to describe the environmental improvements
from approximately 550,000 point sources
covered by NPDES permits,
EPA has moved forward to provide
guidance and regulations to cover the
expanding universe of NPDES facilities.
The phase II storm water rule's permitting
requirements become effective in FY 2003,
and the CAFO rule will be issued in
December 2002. Work to address CSOs and
SSOs is also proceeding. EPA is completing
guidance and data collection for reports to
Congress as required by the Wet Weather
Water Quality Act of 2000. Strategies are
being developed for other emerging areas,
such as pesticide discharges and invasive
species, as well as expedited permitting of
energy facilities.
The Clean Water SRF is an
important tool for achieving clean and safe
water by helping communities meet their
significant needs for waste water
infrastructure over the next 20 years and
providing increased support to address
nonpoint source problems. The budget
request includes $1.212 billion for the
CWSRF. This investment continues EPA's
commitment for the CWSRF to provide $2
'billion in average annual financial assistance
over the long-term even after Federal
assistance ends. Total SRF funds available
for loans as of July 2001. reflecting loan
repayments, state match dollars, and other
sources of funding, are approximately $37.7
billion, of which $34.3 billion has been
provided to communities as financial
assistance. The Agency again requests that
state flexibility to address their most critical
demands be continued by extending their
authority for limited funds transfers between
the CWSRF and DWSRF for one year.
EPA is assisting States and tribes to
characterize risks, rank priorities, and
implement a mix of voluntary and regulatory
approaches through improved state nonpoint
source (NPS) management programs.
Working with EPA, States and tribes are
strengthening their NPS programs to ensure
that needed nonpoint source controls are
implemented to achieve and maintain
beneficial uses of water. In particular, EPA
and the States are working together to better
use the Clean Water Act Section 319
framework and funds to develop and
implement nonpoint source TMDLs. States
will continue to implement coastal NPS
programs approved by EPA and the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
under the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization
Amendments, and to work with the U.S.
Department of Agriculture to promote
implementation of Farm Bill programs
consistent with state nonpoint source
management needs and priorities. EPA will
also provide tools to States to assess and
strengthen controls on air deposition sources
of nitrogen, mercury, and other toxics.
With respect to wetlands, EPA will
work with Federal, state. Tribal, local, and
private sector partners on protection and
community-based restoration of wetlands,
and with its Federal partners to avoid,
minimize, and compensate for wetland
losses through the CWA Section 404 and
Farm Bill programs. In particular, the
agency will focus its efforts on developing
appropriate tools to assess wetlands extent
and condition, increasing the success of
wetlands restoration projects, and protecting
vulnerable wetlands. EPA wil! be part of
coordinated Federal agency efforts to
support conservation of fauna, including the
North American Bird Conservation Initiative
and Partners for Amphibians and Reptile
Conservation.
EPA will work with States, tribes,
municipalities, and the regulated community
to ensure that the Phase li rules for the storm
water program are implemented to address
problems caused by sediment and other
pollutants in our waters. EPA will also
establish criteria for nutrients (i.e., nitrogen
and phosphorus) so that more States can
develop water quality standards that protect
waters from harmful algal blooms such as
pfiesteria, and prevent dead zones and fish
kills which can develop as a result of an
excess of these nutrients. EPA will work
with States to fund priority watershed
projects through the CWSRF to reduce
nonpoint and estuary pollution. The Agency
will also work to reduce pollution from
failing septic systems. Finally, EPA will
have a coordinated strategy for protecting
drinking water sources that includes
microbial pathogen, chemical, and nutrient
criteria.
Research
EPA's research efforts will continue
to strengthen the scientific basis for drinking
water standards through the use of improved
methods and new data to better evaluate the
risks associated with exposure to chemical
and microbial contaminants in drinking
water. To support the research provisions of
the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
amendments, the Agency's drinking water
research will develop dose-response
information on disinfection by-products
(DBFs), waterborne pathogens, arsenic, and
other drinking water contaminants for
characterization of potential health risks
from consuming tap water. The focus will
be on filling key data gaps and developing
analytical detection methods for measuring
the occurrence of chemical and microbial
contaminants on the Contaminant Candidate
List (CCL). The Agency will develop and
evaluate cost-effective treatment tech-
nologies for removing pathogens from water
supplies while minimizing DBP formation,
for maintaining the quality of treated water
in the distribution system and for preventing
the intrusion of microbial contamination.
By reducing uncertainties and improving
methods associated with the assessment and
control of risks posed by exposure to
microbial contaminants in drinking water,
EPA is providing the scientific basis
necessary to protect human health and
ensure that by 2005, 95 percent of the
population served by community water
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
systems will receive water that meets health-
based drinking water standards.
Research to support the protection
and enhancement of aquatic ecosystems and
their biotic components includes
understanding the structure, function, and
characteristics of aquatic systems, and
evaluating exposures and effects of stressors
on those systems. EPA is also working to
develop biological and landscape indicators
of ecosystem condition, sources of
impairment, and stressor response/fate and
transport models. The results of these
efforts will improve risk assessment
methods to develop aquatic life, sediment,
habitat, and wildlife criteria, as well as risk
management strategies and will help EPA
and other Federal, state, and local agencies
develop better baseline assessments of water
quality. Through the development of a
framework for diagnosing adverse effects of
chemical pollutants in surface waters, EPA
will be able to evaluate the risks posed by
chemicals that persist in the environment
and accumulate in the food chain,
threatening wildlife and potentially human
health. This research will facilitate
ecological health assessment of the nation's
waters, providing water resource managers
with tools for determining whether their
aquatic resources support healthy aquatic
communities. The Agency also will develop
cost-effective technologies for managing
suspended solids and sediments with an
emphasis on identifying innovative in situ
solutions.
Research in this goal will also
provide the scientific basis and technical
support for program, regional and state
efforts to protect and inform recreational
water users. A sound scientific foundation
connecting water quality indicators and
human disease will be established. This
research will also develop diagnostic tools to
evaluate human and ecological exposures to
toxic constituents of wet weather flows
(combined-sewer overflows (CSOs),
sanitary-sewer overflows (SSOs), and
stormwater). These wet weather events pose
significant risks to human and ecological
health through the uncontrolled release of
pathogenic bacteria, protozoans, and viruses
as well as a number of potentially toxic,
bioaccumulative contaminants. EPA will
develop and validate effective watershed
management strategies and tools for
controlling wet weather flows (WWFs),
including: (\} new and improved indicator
methods to describe the toxic inputs to
watersheds from WWFs; (2) methods to
utilize condition and diagnostic ecological
indicators in evaluating wet weather flow
management strategies in preventing
degradation of water and sediment quality
by contaminated runoff; (3) methods for
diagnosing multiple stressors in watershed
ecosystems; and (4) evaluation of low cost
watershed best management practices to
evaluate risks associated with various
control technologies for wet weather flows.
Highlights
So that all Americans have water that
is safe to drink, EPA will work to increase
the percentage of the population that will
receive drinking water from systems
meeting all health-based standards in effect
as of 1994. The Agency will continue to
work with the States in implementing rules
required by the 1996 amendments to the
SDWA to control for microbial
contaminants especially CryptosporiJium.
disinfectants and their byproducts, arsenic,
radon, radionuclides, and other
contaminants.
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Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
In FY 2003, EPA will be completing
final regulatory action on all contaminants
specifically identified in the 1996 SDWA
Amendments. Consequently, primary
attention in FY 2003 will be focused on
contaminants from the Contaminant
Candidate List (CCL) and any potential
revisions stemming from the statutorily
mandated six year review of existing
regulations. The CCL process, a new
provision in the 1996 SDWA amendments,
makes risk prioritization the dominant factor
in selecting contaminants to regulate, EPA,
in partnership with the States, water
systems, environmental and public health
groups, the scientific community, and the
public, must use three criteria to determine
whether to regulate a contaminant: 1) the
contaminant adversely affects human health;
2) it is known or substantially likely to occur
in public water systems with a frequency
and at levels of public health concern; and 3)
regulation of the contaminant presents a
significant opportunity for health risk
reduction. EPA is required to publish the
second CCL in the Federal Register in
August 2003, Also in 2003, the Agency will
be revising, if necessary, existing national
primary drinking water regulations that were
reviewed in FYs 2001 and 2002 using the
best available, peer-reviewed data on
occurrence and associated health risks,
analytical methods, and treatment
technologies. Approaches to preventing
contamination will continue to be
emphasized and implemented in 2003 as
EPA assists its partners and stakeholders in
effectively implementing all available tools
to protect vulnerable sources of drinking
water supplies.
EPA, in concert with our many
partners, is pursuing a comprehensive
strategy for assessing and restoring the
Nation's most impaired watersheds.
Fundamental to the Agency's efforts to
conserve and enhance the Nation's waters is
the management of water quality resources
on a watershed basis, with the full
involvement of all stakeholders including
communities, individuals, businesses, state
and local governments, and tribes.
The Targeted Watersheds Project is a
new $21 million program to provide grants
to watershed stakeholders ready to
implement comprehensive restoration
actions. Targeted watersheds will be chosen
based on criteria established in consultation
with our state, local and other stakeholder
partners, with emphases on value of the
resource. likelihood of positive
environmental outcomes, evidence of strong
state/local government support, ability to
leverage Agency resources, and readiness to
proceed based on existing problem
identification.
By FY 2003, with EPA's support,
the National Estuary Program will have
restored and protected an additional 25,000
acres of habitat, including sea grass and
shellfish beds. In FY 2003, EPA will
continue implementing appropriate
management responses to harmful algal
blooms and other marine pests and diseases,
EPA will also implement the Agency-
specific action plan in response to the
Invasive Species Executive Order. Finally,
EPA will implement management options
resulting from its assessment of cruise ship
and ballast water discharges,
A key element of the Agency's effort
to achieve its overarching goal of clean and
safe water is the reduction of pollutant
discharges from point sources and nonpoint
sources. The NPDES program (which
II-6
-------
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
includes NPDES permits covering municipal
and industrial discharges, urban wet
weather, large animal feeding operations,
mining, the pretreatment program for non-
domestic wastewater discharges into
municipal sanitary sewers, and biosolids
management controls) establishes controls
on pollutants discharged from point sources
into waters of the United States. Key annual
performance goals for FY 2003 are to
reduce loadings of toxic pollutants,
nonconventional pollutants, and
conventional pollutants from all categories
of NPDES permitted facilities. To ensure
that all point sources are covered by current
permits, EPA developed a backlog reduction
strategy under which 90 percent of major
permittees and 84 percent of minor
permittees would have current permits in
place by the close of FY 2003. In support
of that effort, EPA is developing a permit
prioritization strategy to expedite reissuance
of permits of low significance with respect
to revisions needed to protect water quality.
EPA will also continue evaluating data
received from monitoring sites under the
National Marine Debris Monitoring
Program. This program monitors marine
debris in an effort to determine sources of
the debris, much of which enters coastal
waters through stormwater runoff.
States report that pollution from
nonpoint sources (NPS) is the largest cause
of water pollution, with agriculture as a
leading cause of impairment in 60 percent of
the river miles assessed. In order to restore
and maintain water quality, significant
loading reductions from nonpoint sources
must be achieved. State NPS programs are
critical to protecting and restoring the
Nation's water resources. To achieve
reductions in NPS loadings, it is essential for
EPA to work with States to expeditiously
implement the nine key program elements in
their strengthened state NPS programs. In
addition, EPA will continue to encourage
States to make use of CWSRF and other
Federal resources to finance projects that
address polluted runoff. As of mid-2001.
States had invested nearly $1.4 billion in
nonpoint source pollution controls through
the CWSRF.
Research
In FY 2003, EPA's drinking water
research program will continue to conduct
research to reduce the uncertainties of risk
associated with exposure to mierobial
contaminants in drinking water and improve
analytical methods and risk assessments to
control risks posed by drinking water
contamination. As required by the SDWA
amendments, the first Contaminant
Candidate List (CCL) was published in 1998
and included nine mierobial contaminants in
its Research Priorities Category that require
more data before a regulatory determination
could be made. The drinking water research
program will continue to focus on mierobial
contaminants on future CCLs. Significant
data gaps still exist on the occurrence of
these microbes in source and distribution
system water, linkages between water
exposure and infection, and the effectiveness
of candidate treatment technologies to
remove and inactivate these contaminants.
Research efforts will also continue to
support arsenic-specific research and
development of more cost-effective
treatment technologies for the removal of
arsenic from small community drinking
water systems. This work will include
strategies for the acceptable control of water
treatment residuals enriched with arsenic.
The development of this crucial information
will provide the scientific basis necessary to
11-7
-------
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
protect human health and ensure 95 percent
of the population served by community
water systems will receive water that meets
health-based drinking water standards.
EPA is also conducting research on
suspended solids and sediments (non-
contaminated). Although suspended solids
and sediment are a natural part of aquatic
ecosystems critical to the energy cycle of the
water body as well as the provision of
microhabitats, they have become stressors
associated with human activity that
adversely affects aquatic habitats.
Suspended solids and sediments have been
identified among the leading causes of water
quality impairment for streams and rivers.
As part of EPA's efforts in FY 2003 to
conserve and enhance the nation's waters,
the aquatic stressors research program will
continue suspended solids and sediments
research program that will focus on
developing tools which allow for the
determination of background levels of
sediments and suspended solids inherent to a
region.
Another area of research will focus
on growing evidence of the risk of infectious
diseases resulting from exposure to
microbes in recreational waters. Exposure
to these diseases is of particular concern
after major rainfall events that cause
discharges from both point and non-point
sources. In FY 2003, EPA will continue
efforts to perform a suite of epidemiological
studies needed to establish a stronger, more
defensible link between water quality
indicators and disease. These
epidemiological studies will provide reliable
information about the relationship between
recreational water quality and swimming-
associated health effects. This will enable
EPA to provide States with consistent
monitoring methods, standardized indicators
of contamination, and standardized
definitions of what constitutes a risk to
public health.
Section 1.01
Goals
2003 Annual Performance
In 2003, 85 percent of the population
served by community water systems
will receive drinking water meeting
health-based standards promulgated
in or after I998,
In 2003, 92% of the population
served by community water systems
will receive drinking water meeting
all health-based standards in effect as
of 1994, up from 83% in 1994.
In 2003, reduce human exposure to
contaminated recreation waters by
increasing the information available
to the public and decision-makers.
By FY 2003, water quality will
improve on a watershed basis such
that 600 of the Nation's 2,262
watersheds will have greater than 80
percent of assessed waters meeting
all water quality standards, up from
500 watersheds in 1998.
In 2003, assure that States and Tribes
have effective, up-to-date water
quality standards programs adopted
in accordance with the Water Quality
Standards regulation and the Water
Quality Standards program priorities.
In 2003, restore and protect estuaries
through the implementation of
Comprehensive Conservation and
Management Plans (CCMPs).
11-8
-------
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
In 2003, current NPDES permits
reduce or eliminate loadings into the
nation's waters of (1) inadequately
treated discharges from municipal
and industrial facilities {direct and
indirect dischargers); and (2)
pollutants from urban storm water,
CSOs, and CAFOs.
In 2003, 900 projects funded by the
Clean Water SRF will initiate
operations, including 515 projects
providing secondary treatment,
advanced treatment, CSO correction
(treatment), and/or storm water
treatment. Cumulatively, 8,800
projects will have initiated
operations since program inception.
II-9
-------
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water Key Programs
(dollars in thousands}
Beach Grants
Chesapeake Bay
Congressional Iy Mandated Projects
Disadvantage) Communities
Drinking Wafer Implementation
Drinking Water Regulations
Ecosystems Condition, Protection and Restoration Research
Effluent Guidelines
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Fish Contamination/Consumption
Great Lakes
Gulf of Mexico
Homeland Security*
Lake Champlain
Legal Services
Long Island Sound
Management Services and Stewardship
Marine Pollution
National Estuaries Program/Coastal Watersheds
National Nonpoint Source Program Implementation
NPDES Program
Pacific Northwest
Preventing Contamination of Drinking Water Sources
PWSS - Homeland Security
Recreational Water and Wet Weather Flows Research
Regional Management
Safe Drinking Water Research
Safe Recreational Waters
South Florida/Everglades
State Nonpoint Source Grants
II-10
-------
Goal 2: Clean and Safe Water
State Pollution Control Grants (Section 1 06)
State PWSS Grants
State Underground Injection Control Grants
State Water Quality Cooperative Agreements
Stae Wetlands Program Grants
TMDLs
Wastcwater Management/Tech innovations
Water Infrastructure: Alaska Native Villages
Water lnfrastracture:C"l«aii Water State Revolving Fund ICW-SRFJ
Water lnfrastructurc:Drinking W'atcr State Revolving Fund (DW-SRF)
Water Quality Criteria and Standards
Water Quality Infrastructure Protection
Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment
Watershed Assistance
Wetlands
$192,476,9
593,100.2
SI 0,950.9
$18,958.2
SI 4,967.0
S2 1.232.1
$8,840.1
540,000.0
SI. 350.000.0
S850.000.0
$18,782.4
$16,783.8
SI 1.665.2
S7.82I.6
517,829.8
$180,376.9
S93, 100.2
$10,950.9
$38.958.2
SI 4.967.0
S2 1.43 3.2
$9.073.7
$40.000.0
SI, 2 12,000.0
5850,000.0
SI 9, 127.2
SI 7,239.2
SI 1,967,7
$9.479.1
SI 8.381. 9
*FY 2002 does not include $175,6 million provided in the Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act for Homeland Security.
11-11
-------
-------
Goal 3:
Safe Food
-------
-------
Goal 3: Safe Food
fi.nl )! I -I",
Strategic Goal: The foods Americans eat will be free from unsafe pesticide
residues. Particular attention will be given to protecting sub-populations that
may be more susceptible to adverse effects of pesticides or have higher
dietary exposures to pesticide residues. These include children and people
whose diets include large amounts of noncommercial foods.
Resource Summary
(dollars in thousands)
FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 vs.
Enacted Request FY 2002
Safe Food
Reduce Risks from Pesticide Residues in Food
Eliminate Use on Food of Pesticides Not Meeting
Standards
Workyears
$109,071.7 §109,814.6
$742.9
$47,007.0 $45,290.4 ($1,716.6)
$62,064.7 $64,524.2 $2,459.5
777.5
770.1
(7.4)
Means and Strategy
The Agency=s strategy for accomplishing the
objectives of Safe Food is based on five
pillars, four of which are in Goal 3 and one
in Goal 4. Under Goal 3, the EPA is:
* Assuring that new chemicals and
new uses are registered in
accordance with the FQPA=s strict
"standard, reasonable certainty of no
harm," and that no harm will result
to human health from all combined
sources of exposure to pesticides
(aggregate exposures);
* Assuring that pesticide maximum
legally allowable tolerances for
foods eaten by children are in
conformance with FQPA
requirements;
• Re-evaluating older, potentially
higher-risk pesticides using the best
current scientific data and methods
to determine whether additional
limits on a pesticide=s use are needed
to provide reasonable certainty of no
harm, especially for children and
other sensitive populations; and
* Expediting review and registration of
alternative pesticides that are less
risky than pesticides currently in use
and may be substituted effectively
for higher risk pesticides.
In 2003, the Agency will continue to
promote accelerated registrations for
pesticides that provide improved risk
reduction or risk prevention compared to
those currently on the market. Progressively
replacing older, higher-risk pesticides is one
HI-1
-------
Goal 3: Safe Food
of the most effective methods for curtailing
adverse impact on health and the ecosystem
while preserving food production rates.
EPA uses its authorities to manage
systematically the risks of pesticide
exposures by establishing legally
permissible food-borne pesticide residue
levels, or tolerances. EPA defines the legal
use of pesticides, up to and including the
elimination of pesticides that present a
danger to human health and the
environment. This task involves a
comprehensive review of existing pesticide
use as stipulated by the reregistration
provision, as well as a comprehensive
reassessment and update of existing
tolerances within ten years, as required by
FQPA.
The 2003 request emphasizes efforts
to evaluate existing tolerances for currently
registered pesticides to ensure they meet the
new Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)
health standards. This tolerance
reassessment program screens and requires
testing of certain pesticides and chemicals to
evaluate their potential for disrupting
endocrine systems in animab or in humans.
The emphasis will be on balancing the need
for pesticides with the risks of exposure, and
allowing for smooth transitions to safer
pesticide alternatives, through an open and
transparent process that seeks input from all
stakeholders.
EPA uses the latest scientific
advances in health-risk assessment practices,
to ensure that current pesticides meet the
standard of a reasonable certainty of no
harm, as stipulated by FQPA. This includes
the incorporation of new scientific data
relating to the effects of endocrine
disruption and the special needs of
susceptible populations such as children and
Native Americans.
Adoption of biotechnology has great
potential to reduce reliance on some older,
more risky chemical pesticides, and to lower
worker risks. For example, the use of Bt
cotton has affected the use of other
insecticides which present higher risk to
wildlife. According to the reported number
of insecticide treatments per planted acre of
cotton, use of insecticides labeled either
toxic or extremely toxic to wildlife has
undergone significant reduction since 1995,
the extremely toxic pesticides decreasing
from 1.6 to 0.5 acre treatments, a 68%
reduction. (See chart.)
Cotton insecticide use
l warnings to birds and wi
Outreach activities on the subject of
biotechnology such as public meetings and
scientific peer reviews of our policies and
assessments are likely to be expanded to
keep pace with changing science and the
public's demand for information in this area.
EPA is working closely with other federal
agencies involved in biotechnology and is
also actively involved in developing
international standards for the regulation of
biotechnology products. Specific activities
III-2
-------
Goal 3: Safe Food
in 2003 will include advancing scientific
knowledge of allergenicity (i.e.human
allergic reactions to pesticide residues);
continued implementation of the plant
incorporated protectant rule, which defines
the type of substances used in bioengineered
plants that must undergo scientific
evaluation by the Agency: and participating
in the Codex Ad Hoc Intergovernmental
Task Force on Food Derived from
Biotechnology. The Task force is involved
in developing international standards
governing foods derived from
biotechnology,
Use of biotechnology to modify
plants so that they resist harmful insects or
the effects of herbicides is likely to attract
continued public scrutiny, particularly on
issues such as allergenicity and gene
transfer. Biotechnology is becoming
increasingly more important in our economy
with bioengineered plants accounting for a
larger share of acres planted than ever
before in the United States. For example, in
1996, Herbicide Resistant (HT) Soybeans
accounted for only 8% of the total U.S. acres
planted in soybeans. In 2000, HT Soybeans
accounted for 53% of the acres planted (see
chart).
Adoption of Genetically Modified Plant
Incorporated Protectant Crops
United Stales, 1995 - 2000 (percent of a««s)
50-
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IV
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^'^t/f /
-^* .^^ ..---* " -Y" "
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if TH » 9 9
95 19% 19*7 IMS I»W 2tt
-*-HTS»* beans
Bt Corn
- HT Corn
' Bl Cdtton
-5K- HT Cotton
^~Bt/H Collon
While certain issues remain to be
addressed, among the potential benefits of
biotechnology is a reduction of our reliance
on some older, more risky chemical
pesticides, thereby reducing worker
exposure to these chemical pesticides. To
ensure the safety of foods derived from
biotechnology, EPA will continue to seek
outside expert scientific advice through
scientific peer reviews on our regulatory
decisions, policies, methods and tools.
New registration actions result in
more pesticides on the market that meet the
strict FQPA pesticide risk-based standards,
which brings the Agency closer to the
objective of reducing adverse risks from
pesticide use. Tolerance reassessments may
mean mandatory use changes because a
revision in the allowable residue levels can
involve changes in pesticide application
patterns, changes in the foods the pesticides
may be applied to, and other risk
management methods. As measured by the
number of tolerances that have been
reassessed, the Agency's progress in the
tolerance reassessment program directly
serves the objective of reducing the use on
food of pesticides that do not meet the new
standards.
In addition to setting the
requirements for continued legal use of
agricultural pesticides, EPA works in
partnership with USDA, FDA and the States
toward the broader effort to prevent the
misuse of pesticides. In the ever changing
environment of pesticide use, accessibility to
information is a primary component of an
effective strategy to inform the public on the
appropriate, safe use of pesticides to
minimize risk.
III-3
-------
Goal 3: Safe Food
More information about EPA's food
safety efforts is available on the Agency's
website at http://www.epa.Eov/pesticides.
Research
Current approaches to human health
risk assessment focus on single pesticides
and do not adequately account for
cumulative risks arising from complex
exposure patterns and human variability due
to age, gender, pre-existing disease, health
and nutritional status, and genetic
predisposition. Existing tools for controlling
and preventing exposure are limited to
certain processes and materials.
To support the Food Quality
Protection Act (FQPA), EPA must develop
the tools (methods, models, approaches) and
quality exposure data for characterizing
aggregate risks from exposure to pesticides
in order to reduce uncertainty in risk
assessments. The FQPA identifies clear
science needs, including the evaluation of all
potential routes and pathways of exposures
to pesticides, and resulting health effects,
particularly for sensitive subpopulations and
considering effects from cumulative
exposures.
EPA's research program will
continue to focus on: I) developing and
validating methods to identify and
characterize, as well as models to predict,
the potential increased susceptibility to
human health effects experienced by infants
and children; 2) identifying and
understanding major exposure routes,
pathways, and processes, and developing
theoretical and experimentally based
multipathway exposure models for
pesticides and other toxic substances; and 3)
addressing the adequacy of current risk
assessment methods and providing the
necessary risk assessment guidance.
Highlights
Reduce Public Health Risk from Pesticide
Residues
FFDCA and FIFRA authorize EPA
to set terms and conditions of pesticide
registration, marketing and use. EPA will
use these authorities to reduce residues of
pesticides with the highest potential to cause
cancer or neurotoxic effects, including those
which pose particular risks to children and
other susceptible populations. All new
pesticides, including food/feed-use
pesticides are registered after an extensive
review and evaluation of human health and
ecosystem studies and data, applying the
most recent scientific advances in risk
assessment. The Registration program
includes registration activities, such as
setting tolerances, registering new active
ingredients, new uses, and handling
experimental use permits and emergency
exemptions.
In 2003, the Agency will continue its
efforts to decrease the risk the public faces
from agricultural pesticides through the
regulatory review of new pesticides,
including reduced risk pesticides and
biopesticides. EPA expedites the
registration of reduced risk pesticides, which
are generally presumed to pose lower risks
to consumers, lower risks to agricultural
workers, and lower risk to the earth's ozone
layer, groundwater, aquatic organisms or
wildlife. These accelerated pesticide
reviews provide an incentive for industry to
develop, register, and use lower risk
pesticides. Additionally, the availability of
these reduced risk pesticides provides
III-4
-------
Goal 3: Safe Food
alternatives to older, potentially more
harmful products currently on the market.
Reduce Use on Food of Pesticides Not
Meeting Current Standards
In FY 2003, the Agency will
continue its review of older pesticides and
move forward toward its ten year statutory
deadline of reassessing all 9,721 tolerances,
reassessing a cumulative 66 percent of those
tolerances by August 2002 as it tracks
towards achieving the goal of a cumulative
100 percent by August 2006, The Agency
will also continue to develop tools to screen
pesticides for their potential to disrupt the
endocrine system. In 2003, EPA will work
toward completing 1? Reregistration
Eligibility Decisions (REDs), 750 product
reregistrations and 225 tolerance
reassessments.
The tolerance reassessment process
addresses the highest-risk pesticides first.
Using data surveys conducted by the USDA,
the FDA and other sources, EPA has
identified a group of "top 20" foods
consumed by children and matched those
with the tolerance reassessments required
for pesticides used on those foods. The
Agency has begun to track its progress in
determining appropriate tolerances for these
pesticides under the new FQPA standards.
In 2003, EPA will continue its effort to
reduce dietary risks to children, by
completing approximately a cumulative 75
percent of these tolerances of special
concern.
Two widely used groups of
pesticides, organophosphates and
carbamates, are believed to pose higher
risks, particularly to children. Curtailing or
restricting the use of these pesticides will
significantly change current farming
practices that have relied upon them, by
adopting integrated pest management
strategies that draw on cultural, biological,
and mechanical techniques as well as
chemical. With new strategies comes a
steep learning curve on how to use them
effectively. This transition requires broad
input and participation by stakeholders to
minimize adverse, unintended consequences
on agriculture. To achieve input, EPA
developed a special process for its
stakeholder for addressing data analysis and
regulatory requirements, protocols, and
scientific and public review as the Agency
continues to reduce risks posed by these
pesticides through regulatory actions. The
Agency will continue this important
dialogue with stakeholders as we protect
human health and the environment by-
assessing risks of other groups of pesticides.
EPA's authority to collect
Reregistration Maintenance Fees expires at
the end of FY 2002 under the 2002
appropriations bill for the Agency. The
2003 request substitutes appropriated funds
for fees to fund the reregistration program.
The appropriated dollars for this were
reprogrammed from the tolerance
assessment program which will be funded
by fee revenue starting in March 2003.
The Reregistration program was
accelerated by the 1988 amendments to
F1FRA and enhanced by FQPA, which
includes a tolerance reassessment
requirement. Through the Reregistration
program, EPA reviews pesticides currently
on the market to ensure they meet the latest
health standards. Pesticides not in
compliance with the new standards will be
eliminated or restricted in order to minimize
potentially harmful exposure. The issuance
of a Reregistration Eligibility Decision
(RED) for a pesticide under reregistration
10-5
-------
Goal 3: Safe Food
review summarizes the health and
environmental effects findings of that
pesticide and determines whether existing
tolerances protect human health and the
environment. The findings determine
whether the products registered under this
chemical are eligible for reregistration. The
Agency's progress in achieving goals for
production of REDs and its tolerance
reassessment component are summarized in
the chart,
FQPA added considerably more
complexity into the pesticide reregistration
process lengthening the "front end" of
reregistration. These requirements include
considering aggregate exposure and
cumulative risk in our risk assessments,
implementing new processes to increase
involvement of pesticide users and other
stakeholders, and ensuring a reasonable
opportunity for agriculture to make the
transition to new, safer pest control tools and
practices. Over the longer run, these
changes will enhance protection of human
health and the environment,
Pesticide reregistration is a statutory
requirement under the 1988 amendments to
FIFRA, Under the law, all pesticides
registered prior to November 1984 must be
reviewed to ensure that they meet current
health and safety standards. The 1996 Food
Quality Protection Act requires the
reassessment of pesticide tolerances by
2006. Many pesticides must be reviewed
under both statutes.
The program has been working to
integrate new FQPA requirements with the
reregistration program to avoid duplication
and increase efficiency. Implementing
FQPA has also consumed time and effort as
the technical challenge posed by
reregistration of older pesticides has been
increased by the health and safety
enhancements of FQPA, including:
• Review of inert ingredients;
* Reform of the antimicrobial review
process;
* Transparency of our regulatory
decisions;
• incorporation of aggregate and
cumulative risk into our reviews;
« Special protection for infants and
children; and
• Endocrine screening of pesticides,
minor use enhancements and reduced
risk registration emphasis.
These and other additional
requirements required that the Agency
revise, in some cases overhaul, its existing
policies, procedures, process, and databases.
The Agency also needed to consider a
reasonable transition to FQPA for
agriculture, and thus a substantive
stakeholder participation process had to be
developed for input from those affected. All
these considerations resulted in the
temporary slow-down of the program.
By the end of FY 2003, EPA expects
to have implemented EPA's science
policies, including the cumulative risk
policy, to meet the ten-year tolerance
reassessment deadline. As required by
FQPA, EPA has developed a tolerance fee
rule that recovers from pesticide
manufacturers the full cost of setting and
reevaluating pesticide tolerances on food.
Additionally, to meet another FQPA
need, EPA is developing a process for
periodic review of pesticide registrations.
This new program will update all pesticide
registrations using current health standards,
scientific data, risk assessment
methodologies, program policies and
III-6
-------
Goal 3: Safe Food
effective risk reduction measures. In 2003,
the Agency will continue developing and
refining the framework for the registration
review program and issue the final
regulation for the program.
Research
In FY 2003, EPA's research program
will continue to develop pesticides exposure
and effects data, risk assessment methods
and models for children, and control
technologies needed to comply with the
requirements of Food Quality Protection Act
both long-term exposures and multiple acute
exposures. Risk assessment research will
continue to compare pesticide exposures
across age groups, identify factors leading to
higher exposures, and analyze data to
improve the evaluation of exposure factors
for pesticide risk assessment. Results will
support risk assessments under FQPA and
the development of Agency guidelines for
cumulative risk assessment through the EPA
Risk Assessment Forum (ERAF). Risk
management research will evaluate
characteristics of commonly used pesticides
or pesticides of particular concern to
determine which chemicals should be
targeted for development of risk
management tools.
2003 Annual Performance Goals
* In 2003, decrease adverse risk from
agricultural uses from 1995 levels
and assure that new pesticides that
enter the market are safe for humans
and the environment, through
ensuring that all registration action
are timely and comply with
standards mandated by law.
(FQPA) - effectively engaging
components of the risk paradigm.
all
Specifically, exposure research will
address major exposure data gaps,
distributions of key exposure factors
(especially across age groups for children
and exposures for other susceptible sub-
populations), and uncertainties associated
with the exposure assessment requirements
for FQPA. Health effects research will also
develop methods to evaluate the effects of
cumulative exposures to pesticides and toxic
chemicals, including:
« In 2003, occurrence of residues of
carcinogenic and cholinesterase
inhibiting neurotoxic pesticides on
foods eaten by children will have
decreased by 20 percent (cumulative)
from their average 1994 to 1996
levels.
* In 2003, at least six percent of acre-
treatments will use applications of
reduced risk pesticides.
» In 2003, assure that pesticides active
ingredients registered prior to 1984
and the products that contain them
are reviewed to assure adequate
protection for human health and the
environment. Also consider the
unique exposure scenarios such as
subsistence lifestyles of Native
Americans in regulatory decisions.
By the end of 2003 EPA will
reassess a cumulative 68% of the
9,721 pesticide tolerances required to
be reassessed over ten years and
complete reassessment of a
cumualtive 75% of tolerances of
special concern in protecting the
health of children.
01-7
-------
Goal 3: Safe Food
Goal 3; Safe Food Key Programs
(dollars in thousands)
Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Homeland Security*
Legal Services
Management Services and Stewardship
Pesticide Registration
Pesticide Reregistration
Pesticide Residue Tolerance Reassessments
Research to Support FQPA
Safe Pesticide Applications
Science Coordination and Policy
FY 2002
Enacted
$5.249.1
$9,300.4
$14.0
$1,453.2
SI. 435,5
$31,832.4
$33,397,8
$14,671.8
S1 1.377.4
$25.0
$315.1
FY 2003
President's
RgflMSSj
$5,360.4
$9.616.6
$0.0
$ ! ,560.8
$1.275.2
$30.882.2
$44,265.8
$5,267.9
$10.821.3
$0.0
$764.4
*FY 2002 does not include $175.6 million provided in the Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act for Homeland Security.
Ill-8
-------
Goal 4:
Preventing Pollution and
Reducing Risk in
Communities, Homes,
Workplaces,
and Ecosystems
-------
-------
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
Strategic Goal: Pollution prevention and risk management strategies
aimed at eliminating, reducing, or minimizing emissions and contamination
will result in cleaner and safer environments in which all Americans can
reside, work, and enjoy life. EPA will safeguard ecosystems and promote
the health of natural communities that are integral to the quality of life in
this nation.
Resource Summary
(dollars in thousands)
Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in
Communities, Homes, Workplaces, and
Ecosystems
Reduce Public and Ecosystem Risk from Pesticides
Reduce Risks from Lead and Other Toxic Chemicals
Manage New Chemical Introduction and Screen
Existing Chemicals for Risk
Ensure Healthier Indoor Air
Facilitate Prevention, Reduction and Recycling of
PBTs and Toxic Chemicals
Assess Conditions in Indian Country
Workyears
FY2002
Enacted
§319,915.1
$55,543,9
$36,273,5
$74,235,6
$39,670,1
$48,755.4
$65,436.6
1,204.9
FY 2003
Request
$326,651.9
$55,409.8
$36,355,9
$77,538.2
$40,322.7
$46,115.9
$70,909.4
1,193.9
FY 2003 vs.
FY 2002
$6,736.8
($134.1)
$82.4
$3,302.6
$652.6
($2,639.5)
$5,472.8
(11.0)
Means and Strategy
The diversity and sensitivity of
America's environments (communities,
homes, workplaces and ecosystems) requires
EPA to adopt a multi-faceted approach to
protecting the public from the threats posed
by pesticides, toxic chemicals and other
pollutants. The underlying principle of the
activities in this goal is the application of
pollution prevention practices, which can be
cheaper and smarter than cleanup and
IV-1
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Goal 4; Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
remediation, as evidenced by the high cost
of Superfund, Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA), and Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (PCB) cleanups. Pollution
Prevention (P2) involves changing the
behavior of those that cause the pollution
and fostering the wider use of preventive
practices as a means to achieve effective,
sustainable results.
Under this Goal, EPA ensures that
pesticides and their application methods do
not present unreasonable risks to human
health, the environment, and ecosystems. In
addition to the array of risk-management
measures specified in the registration
authorities under the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodentcide Act (F1FRA) for
individual pesticide ingredients, EPA has
specific programs to foster worker and
pesticide-user safety, ground-water
protection, and the safe use of pesticides and
other pest control methods. These programs
work to ensure the comprehensive
protection of the environment and wildlife,
endangered species in particular, and to
reduce the contribution of pesticides to
ecological threats such as pollutant loading
in select geographic areas. EPA is also
addressing emerging threats such as
endocrine disrupters by developing and
implementing new screening technologies to
assess a chemical's impact on hormonal
activity.
Within the pesticide program, EPA
pursues a variety of field activities at the
regional, state, Tribal and local levels,
including the promotion of pesticide
environmental stewardship and Integrated
Pest Management (IPM). States and Tribes
are vital partners in our work to implement
FQPA. Newer lab equipment will assist
States enforcement of new FQPA standards.
The voluntary partnerships and outreach
programs that help farmers transition away
from the riskier products are often catalyzed
by state participation. These programs,
combined with the availability of newer and
safer pesticides, are having a real impact. In
2003 we expect at least 6 percent of acre-
treatments will use applications of reduced-
risk pesticides. We are seeing a reduction in
wildlife impacts from pesticides as well, and
in 2003 we project an additional 10 percent
reduction in reported incidents of wildlife
mortalities, from the 1995 level (for a
cumulative 20 percent). That means fewer
bird casualties, and fewer fish kills. The
accumulation of these improvements will
mean safer food, improved biodiversity, and
a cleaner environment.
The Agency remains committed to
safeguarding our Nation's communities,
homes, workplaces and ecosystems.
Preventing pollution through regulatory,
voluntary, and partnership actions —
educating and changing the behavior of the
public — is a sensible and effective
approach to sustainable development while
protecting our nation's health. Two groups
with significant potential to effect
environmental change are industry and
academia. The Agency has successfully
pursued a number of pollution prevention
programs with both of these groups.
Likewise, improved understanding of the
potential risks to health from airborne toxic
chemicals present indoors will strengthen
our ability to reduce residents' exposure
through voluntary changes in behavior and
through potential product reformulation.
Preventing pollution through
partnerships is also central to EPA's
Chemical Right-to-Know Program
(ChemRTK) which has already started
IV-2
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Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
providing the public with information on the
basic health and environmental effects of the
2,800 highest production volume (HPV)
chemicals in the United States (chemicals
manufactured in or imported into the U.S. in
quantities of at least 1 million pounds).
Most residents come into daily contact with
many of these chemicals, yet relatively little
is known about their potential impacts.
Getting basic hazard testing information on
large volume chemicals is the focus of the
"HPV Challenge Program," a voluntary
program challenging industry to develop
chemical hazard data that are critical to
enable EPA, State, Tribes, and the public to
screen chemicals already in commerce for
any risks they may be posing.
Children's health remains a strong
focus of the indoor environments program.
Efforts in FY 2003 will target reductions in
the presence of indoor triggers of asthma,
such as environmental tobacco smoke and
biological contaminants, by continuing to
educate the public about the disease and
about the steps they can take to reduce the
severity and frequency of asthma attacks.
Voluntary work will be undertaken by
schools to empower their students to manage
their asthma symptoms better, by school
personnel to improve the indoor
environments of their schools, and by health
care personnel to incorporate education
about managing environmental asthma
triggers into asthma treatment plans for their
patients. EPA will continue to work toward
bottom line results to reduce risk and
improve indoor air quality through
implementation of the Indoor Air Quality
(1AQ) "Tools for Schools" kit and schools-
based asthma education programs such as
the "Open Airways" program in elementary
schools. EPA will also continue work in the
radon area primarily through the State
Indoor Radon Grant Program where EPA
provides assistance to the States for the
development and implementation of
programs to assess and mitigate radon to
enhance the effectiveness of state and local
activities for radon risk management and
reduction.
Also central to the Agency's work
under this goal in FY 2003 will be continued
attention to reducing potential risk from
persistent, bioaccumulative and highly toxic
chemicals (PBTs) and from chemicals that
have endocrine disruption effects. PBT
chemicals are of particular concern not only
because they are toxic but also because they
may remain in the environment for a long
period of time, are not readily destroyed,
and may build up or accumulate to high
concentrations in plant or animal tissue. In
cases involving mercury and PCBs, they
may accumulate in human tissue. EPA is
also taking the initial steps to address the
potential threat of endocrine disrupting
chemicals on the health of humans and
wildlife. Work focuses on developing and
validating new chemical screens and tests to
isolate those chemicals and characterize the
threat.
EPA programs under this Goal have
many indirect effects that significantly
augment the stream of benefits they provide.
For example, each year the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) New
Chemicals program reviews and manages
the potential risks from approximately 1,800
new chemicals and 40 products of
biotechnology that enter the marketplace.
This new chemical review process not only
protects the public from the possible
immediate threats of harmful chemicals, like
PCBs, from entering the marketplace, but it
has also contributed to changing the
IV-3
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Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
behavior of the chemical industry, making
industry more aware and responsible for the
impact these chemicals have on human
health and the environment. This awareness
has led industry to produce safer "greener"
alternative chemicals and pesticides. Under
the Pollution Prevention Framework, the
Agency recently started providing industry
training in the use of the same tools that
EPA uses to assess new chemicals, enabling
companies to make smarter choices at earlier
stages in their design process, reducing
government costs, and hastening the entry of
safer new products into the marketplace.
The Design for the Environment
(DIE), Green Chemistry Program and Green
Engineering (GE) build on and expand new
chemistry efforts. They target industry and
academia to maximize pollution prevention.
Our DfE Program forms partnerships with
industry to find sensible solutions to prevent
pollution. In one example, taking a sector
approach, EPA has worked with the
electronics industry to reduce the use of
formaldehyde and other toxic chemicals in
the manufacture of printed wiring boards.
Our Green Chemistry Program also forms
partnerships with industry and the scientific
community to find economically viable
technical solutions to prevent pollution. In
addition, the Green Engineering Program
works with the American Society of
Engineering Education (ASEE) to
incorporate GE approaches into engineering
curricula.
In several cases, achieving the
strategic objectives under this goal is a
shared responsibility with other federal, state
and Tribal partners. For example, EPA's
role in reducing the levels of childrens lead
exposure involves promotion of federal-
state-Tribe partnerships to decrease the
number of specific sources of lead to
children, primarily from addressing lead-
based paint hazards. These partnerships
emphasize development of a professional
infrastructure to identify, manage and abate
lead-based paint hazards, as well as public
education and empowerment strategies.
which fit into companion Federal efforts
with Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS), Department of Defense
(DOD), Department of Energy (DOE),
Department of Justice (DOJ), Centers for
Disease Control (CDC), and Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
These combined efforts help to monitor lead
levels in the environment, with the intent of
virtually eliminating lead poisoning in
children.
Intrinsic to the effort to prevent
pollution is the minimization of the
quantities of waste generated by the public,
industry, government agencies, and
hazardous-waste management operations.
Strategies range from fostering materials
reuse and recycling and other resource-
recovery processes to broad-based
campaigns to re-engineer the consumption
and use of raw materials or personal
conservation of resources. Effective and
sustainable programs reduce the need for
storage, treatment or disposal of hazardous
or municipal wastes, while reducing costs to
industry and municipalities.
In FY 2003, EPA's waste
management program will increase
consumer and individual awareness of
environmental issues by focusing on an
environmental retail theme. This will
emphasize a retail outreach approach
targeted at consumers and households.
EPA's environmental retail theme promotes
better environmental decision- making,
IV-4
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Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
greater interest in the environment, and
environmental stewardship on the
manufacturing level
Since this Goal focuses on how the
public lives in communities, it features the
Agency's commitment of fulfilling its
responsibility for assuring human health and
promoting environmental protection in
Indian Country. EPA's policy is to work
with Tribes on a government-to-government
basis that affirms the vital trust
responsibility that EPA has with 572 Tribal
governments and remain cognizant of the
Nation's interest in conserving the cultural
uses of natural resources.
Research
Currently, there are significant gaps
with regard to the understanding of actual
human and ecological exposures to
pesticides and toxic substances. To address
those data gaps, this research will provide a
strategic framework for developing an
integrated suite of tools and models that will
enhance EPA's procedures for assessing the
risks to human health and ecological
systems associated with commercial
chemicals, microorganisms, and genetically
modified organisms.
Highlights
EPA seeks to prevent pollution at the
source as the first choice in managing
environmental risks to humans and
ecosystems. Where pollution prevention at
the source is not a viable alternative, the
Agency will employ risk management and
cost effective remediation strategies.
Reducing pollution at the source will be
carried out using a multi-media approach in
the following environmental problem areas:
Reduce Public and Ecosystem Risks from
Pesticides
Reducing risk from exposure to
pesticides requires a multi-faceted approach.
Beyond being exposed through the food we
eat, the general public, applicators, and farm
workers may be exposed to pesticides
through direct handling, groundwater
contamination or aerial spray. One intent of
the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) is
to protect the public by shifting the nation
toward reduced risk pesticides and safer
pesticide use. Appropriate transition
strategies to reduced risk pesticides are
important to the nation to avoid disruption
of food supply or sudden changes in the
market that could result from abruptly
terminating the use of a pesticide before
well-targeted reduced risk equivalents can
be identified and made available. In 2003,
the initiative will continue efforts to reach
more farmers, and grower groups, encourage
them to adopt safer pesticides, use
environmental stewardship and integrated
pest management practices, and adopt a
"whole farm" approach to environmental
protection. Through these partnership
programs the Agency has become more
aware of the multiple pressures on our
nation's agricultural industry and the
interaction of the various environmental
requirements that affect it. In 2003, the
strategic agricultural partnership program
will be expanded to explore policy and
process improvements that more fully
integrate EPA's water, air and pesticides
programs' work with the agricultural
industry.
In 2003, the Agency will increase
funding by almost 50% to strengthen state
capacity in the pesticides program
implementation to meet the growing
IV-5
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Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
challenges of FQPA, as well as providing
multi-year funding devoted specifically to
improving state laboratory capacity.
Additionally, through the Certification and
Training (C&T) and Worker Protection
(WP) programs, EPA will continue training
and educating farm workers and employers
on worker safety practices and the dangers
of pesticides. EPA will continue to protect
the Nation's ecosystems and reduce adverse
impacts to endangered species through
various regulatory and voluntary programs,
including the Pesticide Environmental
Stewardship Program (PESP) and integrated
pest management (IPM). The Agency will
emphasize efforts with our Tribal partners to
address pesticide issues and enhance the
development of Tribal technical capacity,
particularly in the areas of risk management,
worker safety, training, and pollution
prevention.
Together, the WP and the C&T
programs address issues of safe pesticide use
and pesticide exposure. These programs
emphasize safeguarding workers and other
pesticide users from occupational exposure
to pesticides by providing training for
workers, employers, and pesticide
applicators and handlers. Training and
certification of applicators of restricted use
pesticides further ensures that workers and
other vulnerable groups are protected from
undue pesticide exposure and risk.
Recertifieation requirements keep their
knowledge current with label changes,
application improvements, availability of
new pesticides and other pesticide related
issues. The Endangered Species program
will enlist the support of the agricultural
community and other interested groups to
protect wildlife and critical habitats from
pesticides. This voluntary program is
carried out through communications and
outreach efforts and in coordination with
other federal agencies. The Pesticide
Environmental Stewardship Program
(PESP) and Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) play pivotal roles in moving the
nation to the use of safe pest control
methods, including reduced risk pesticides.
These closely related programs promote risk
reduction through collaborative efforts with
stakeholders to use safer alternatives to
traditional chemical methods of pest control.
Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Members
Rights of Way/Electric Utilllie^
20.0%
Networking/Technology Trsnsfet^
142%
Landscaping/Turl (includes golf com
9.2%
Government/Municipalities (includes school
10.0%
Growers/food Craps
325%
Food Processors
4 2%
est Control Operators
10,0%
IV-6
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Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
Antimicrobial steriiants and
disinfectants are used to kill microorganisms
on surfaces and objects in hospitals, schools,
restaurants and homes. Antimicrobials
require appropriate labeling and handling to
ensure safety and efficacy. EPA remains
focused on accurate product labeling and
product efficacy and meeting other
requirements for antimicrobial steriiants set
forth by FQPA, as well as the reregistration
of older antimicrobials to ensure they meet
today's standards.
Reduce Risks from Lead and Other Toxic
Chemicals
EPA is part of the Federal effort to
address lead poisoning and elevated blood
levels in children by assisting in, and in
some cases guiding, federal activities aimed
at reducing the exposure of children in
homes with lead-based paint. During FY
2003, EPA will continue implementing its
comprehensive program to reduce the
incidence of lead poisoning and elevated
blood levels in children nationwide.
In 2003, EPA will continue the Lead
Based Paint Training & Certification
Program in all fifty States through EPA
authorized state, territorial or Tribal
programs or, in States and territories without
EPA authorization, through direct
implementation by the Agency. By the end
of 2003, we expect to have provided the
nation with more than 6,000 individuals and
firms formally certified in properly abating
lead paint hazards. In the lead regulatory
program, EPA will finalize one major rule
on training and certification for renovation
and remodeling activities. We will also be
working to finalize a major rule setting
standard for deleading of buildings and
structures, which will be proposed late in
2002.
EPA will continue to implement the
new Lead Hazards Standards Rule (finalized
in 2001), the Lead Renovation Information
Rule and the Real Estate Notification &
Disclosure Rule. EPA is working with other
Federal Agencies including Department of
Health and Human Serviced (HHS),
Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD), Department of
Defense (DOD), Department of Energy
(DOE), Consumer Product Safety
Commission (CPSC), and Department of
Justice (DOJ) on implementing a Federal
Strategy to virtually eliminate lead
poisoning.
For other chemicals whose
significant risks are well established (such as
PCBs, asbestos, and dioxin), reductions in
use and releases are important to reducing
exposure of the general population as well
•as sensitive sub-populations. In FY 2003,
EPA's PCB control efforts will encourage
phase-out of PCB electrical equipment,
ensuring proper waste disposal methods and
capacity, and fostering PCB site cleanups.
660,000,000 Kg of bulk PCB-contaminate
waste will be safely disposed of in 2003.
The Agency will continue assessing dioxin
risks, including identifying and quantifying
the link between dioxin sources and the
general population exposure, and
development of a plans to develop an dioxin
strategy to respond to the latest science and
address dioxin risk management in a more
comprehensive cross-media approach.
IV-7
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Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
Manage New Chemical Introduction and
Screen Existing Chemicals for Risk
Under TSCA, EPA identifies and
controls unreasonable risks associated with
chemicals. The chemical right-to-know
program addresses a critical gap in the
nation's knowledge about the health and
environmental hazards of high production
volume chemicals (HPVs). EPA is working
with industry to put information about those
chemicals into the hands of the public so
they can make better and more informed
consumer choices,
EPA's Chemical Right-to-Know
Initiative (ChemRTK) has already started
providing the public with information on the
basic health and environmental effects of the
2,800 highest production volume (HPV)
chemicals in the United States {chemicals
manufactured in or imported into the U.S. in
quantities of at least 1 million pounds).
Industry response to the HPV Challenge has
been overwhelming: more than 460
companies have voluntarily committed
themselves to providing EPA with test data
for 2,155 chemicals and 187 chemical
categories of the 2,800 HPV chemicals.
EPA has already commenced its review and
public posting of these company
submissions. By the end of FY 2002, the
Agency expects to have posted test data
covering 8% of the HPV chemicals. EPA is
requesting additional resources for the
ChemRTK program in FY 2003 to bolster
our ability to keep pace with the pending
increase of industry data submissions.
These additional resources will make it
possible for EPA to nearly double the
amount of publicly available HPV chemical
test data, increasing the cumulative number
of chemical data postings from 224
chemicals in 2002 to 420 chemicals in 2003
(15%ofthe2,800HPV's).
Under a parallel Voluntary
Children's Chemical Evaluation Program
that will be launched in 2002 (a pilot was
started in 2001), EPA and industry will
collaborate in fully assessing the risks
associated with chemicals to which children
are exposed. With our state partners we will
work to establish a series of pilot programs
to address TSCA responsibilities at the state
level, where local knowledge of unique
problems or solutions can bring greater
efficiencies to this wide ranging program.
An important Agency priority is to
develop and use >alid chemical screens and
tests to identify and characterize the risk of
chemicals that may cause endocrine
disruption in humans, fish and wildlife. In
2002 EPA will put in place an Endocrine
Disruptor Methods Validation
Subcommittee (EDMVS) made up of
approximately 25 scientific experts
representing outside interest groups. These
experts will meet during 2002 and 2003 to
provide advice and counsel to EPA on
scientific issues associated with the conduct
of studies necessary for validation of
screening and testing methods listed in the
Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening
Program. The EDMVS will be reviewing
the development of approximately 13
laboratory test methods.
Ensure Healthier Indoor Air for All
The Agency has set a goal of
healthier indoor air for millions of students,
staff, and faculty. To meet this goal, the
Agency will reduce asthma incidents and
other respiratory ailments by promoting
improved indoor air quality and indoor
IV-8
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Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
environment management. By increasing
the number of schools where "Tools for
Schools" indoor air quality guidelines are
adopted and implemented, healthier indoor
air will be provided for millions of students,
staff, and faculty. In FY 2003, improved air
quality is anticipated for 1,050,000 students,
staff and faculty through the voluntary Tools
for Schools (TfS) program, including an
effort to obtain commitments from five of
the 50 largest school districts in the country
to implement TfS.
In FY 2003, the Agency expects
848,000 Americans to be living in healthier
residenial indoor environments. Part of
meeting this goal includes the expansion of
EPA's successful community-based
educational partnerships addressing sound
indoor environmental management. In FY
2003, the Agency expects to utilize these
partnerships to educate \ 36,000 people with
asthma and their caregivers about improved
indoor air quality techniques. Additionally,
EPA will focus on indoor environment
issues related to older Americans* health by
assessing the links between environmental
exposure and older Americans' health and
developing activities to address those links.
The Agency will also develop pilot
programs with community organizations
serving older populations in order to gather
information and address and educate older
Americans about indoor environmental
issues.
Facilitate Prevention, Reduction and
Recvcling ofPBT's and Toxic Chemicals
Pollution prevention and waste
minimization require a comprehensive effort
of minimizing the quantity and toxicity of
waste generated by industries, the
government and individual citizens. EPA's
role includes several specific activities
addressing industrial hazardous waste and
municipal and industrial solid waste.
Preventing pollution can be cost-
effective to industry in cases where it
reduces excess raw materials and energy
use. P2 can also reduce the need for
expensive "end-of-pipe" treatment and
disposal, enable firms to avoid potential
liability, and support quality improvement
incentives in place at facilities. Current
EPA strategies include institutionalizing
preventive approaches in EPA's regulatory,
operating, and compliance/enforcement
programs and facilitating the adoption of
pollution prevention techniques by States,
Tribes, the academic community and
industry.
In FY 2003, EPA is requesting
additional resources to launch a bold new
Advancing Environmental Stewardship in
America's Communities Initiative. The
Agency will be working hand-in-hand with
States to challenge and assist American
industry in achieving important national
environmental goals through new
innovations in product and service design,
production, and delivery.
One approach the Agency employs is
the industrial sector-based focus that
promotes cleaner technologies leading to a
reduction of risks to health and the
environment. EPA's Design for the
Environment (DfE) Program works in
partnership with industry to develop
comparative risk, performance, and cost
information about alternative technologies,
chemicals, and processes in order to make
environmentally informed business
decisions.
IV-9
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Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
In this objective, EPA provides the
national leadership so important to reducing
the generation of municipal and industrial
solid waste regulated under RCRA Subtitle
D and to improving the recovery and
conservation of materials and energy
through source reduction and recycling.
EPA encourages source reduction of
municipal solid waste through its
WasteWise program and encourages
recycling and the recycling market through
such programs as Pay-As-You-Throw and
Jobs Through Recycling. In addition,
working with public and private sector
stakeholders, EPA promotes financial and
technological opportunities for
recycling/reuse businesses. In FY 2003, the
Agency will serve as a catalyst for
innovative source reduction and recycling in
many industrial sectors, including waste
reduction opportunities for construction and
demolition debris, food wastes, tires,
electronics equipment, carpet, transport
packaging, and plastic beverage packaging.
EPA will kick off an environmental retail
initiative that encourages consumers and
individuals to think about environmental
issues at the "point of purchase."
In the hazardous waste arena,
regulated under RCRA Subtitle C, the
Agency's focus is on reducing the presence
of priority chemicals in hazardous waste by
50 percent by FY 2005 (compared to a 1991
baseline). This goal is consistent with other
national and international toxic chemical
reduction efforts. In FY 2003 the Agency
will encourage and support implementation
at the Regional, state and local levels
through voluntary pollution prevention
partnerships that not only make economic
sense but must also decrease human and
environmental exposure to toxic wastes. By
FY 2003, EPA plans to initiate partnerships
with companies willing to make specific
commitments to reducing hazardous waste
as part of the Agency-wide Voluntary
Chemical Reductions program.
The Agency will continue reducing
the barriers to safe recycling of hazardous
waste through changes to recycling
regulatory standards and ongoing outreach
to stakeholders to explore additional
innovations. EPA will place particular
emphasis on ways to increase safe hazardous
waste recycling while reducing the burden
for small businesses concerned with
printing, electronics recycling, and metal
finishing.
The Green Chemistry Challenge
Program continues to be an effective catalyst
for the behavioral change necessary to drive
the research, development, and
implementation of green chemistry
technologies. In addition, this program also
continues to provide an opportunity to
quantitatively demonstrate the technical,
environmental, and economic benefits that
green chemistry technologies offer. In 2003,
the Green Chemistry Program will be
focusing its outreach, awards, and research
efforts to target: 1) audiences not currently
involved in green chemistry product and
process design; and, 2) specific high priority
chemicals, products, and/or processes for
which safer alternatives are not available.
To address continuing issues
associated with PBTs, EPA launched a
cross-office, cross-media PBT program in
FY 1999. Through this effort, the Agency
seeks to prevent, minimize and, when
possible, eliminate PBTs which are harmful
to both human health and the environment.
By the beginning of FY 2003, the Agency
plans to be well into the implementation of
IV-10
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Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
its Mercury National Action Plan, focusing
on seven key priority areas. Critical
measurement and monitoring efforts will be
in their third year, facilities will be
collecting PBT chemical release data under
the new TR1 rule, and submissions under
TSCA for approval of new PBT chemicals
for entry into commerce will be under close
scrutiny,
Assess Conditions in Indian Country
EPA places particular priority on
working with Federally Recognized Indian
Tribes on a government-to-government basis
to improve environmental conditions in
Indian country in a manner that affirms the
vital trust responsibility that EPA has with
some 572 Tribal governments. The Agency
will concentrate on building Tribal programs
and strive to complete a documented
baseline assessment of environmental
conditions for Tribes. These assessments
will provide a blueprint for planning future
activities identified in Tribal/EPA
Environmental Agreements (TEAs) or
similar Tribal environmental plans to
address and support priority environmental
multi-media concerns in Indian country.
In 2003, EPA is requesting a total of
$57.5 million for Indian General Assistance
Program grants. These resources will allow
most Tribes to support at least one or two
persons working in their community to build
a strong, sustainable environment for the
future. These stewards perform vital work
by assessing the status of a Tribe's
environmental condition and building an
environmental program tailored to that
Tribe's needs. Another key role of this
workforce is to alert EPA of serious
conditions requiring attention in the near
term so that, in addition to assisting in the
building of Tribal environmental capacity,
EPA can work with the Tribe to respond to
immediate public health and ecological
threats.
EPA continues to consider additional
approaches on how EPA and Indian Tribes
might work in concert to protect public
health and the environment in Indian
country. As part of that effort, EPA is
proposing to continue authority granted in
FY 2002 to enter into cooperative
agreements with Tribes to assist EPA in
implementing environmental programs in
instances where the Tribe has not achieved
primacy. Implementation of this approach
would allow for a more gradual transition to
full program authorization by allowing for
varying degrees of Tribal involvement based
on an individual Tribe's capabilities and
interests.
Research
In FY 2003, health effects research
under this goal will continue to focus on
development of mechanistically-based
predictive models for human health risk
assessment, such as structure-activity-
relationship models, to help determine
testing needs under Section 5 of the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA), which
addresses the introduction of new chemicals
into commerce. Research will address the
need for methods to evaluate effects
associated with a variety of exposure
conditions and the special sensitivities of
certain subpopulations (including children)
based on age, genetic factors, and health
status. These methods will be used to
evaluate endpoints of toxicity that are
qualitatively different from those of concern
for the general population. EPA will
continue to participate in the Agriculture
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Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
Health Study (AHS). The primary objective
of the EPA exposure study is to collect high
quality exposure data that can be used to
evaluate how accurately the AHS
questionnaire classifies pesticide application
activities and enables the prediction of
applicator exposure and dose.
Also, EPA proposes in FY 2003 to
begin a major research effort focused on
biotechnology. Areas of research will
include: 1) potential allergenicity of proteins
introduced into the food supply by
biotechnology; 2) potential adverse
ecological effects on non-target species or as
a result of unintended gene transfer; and 3}
potential development of pesticide resistance
in the target species. This research will
result in improved capability to assess the
risks of allergenicity from genetically
altered food, improved capability to assess
the ecological risks associated with
genetically modified organisms, and tools to
manage gene transfer and resistance.
2003 Annual Performance Goals
» In 2003, reduce by 20 percent from
1995 levels the number of incidents
involving mortalities to terrestrial
and aquatic wildlife caused by
pesticides.
* In 2003, reduce lead exposure in
housing units and in the deleading of
bridges and structures.
In 2003, of the approximate 1,800
applications for new chemicals and
microorganisms submitted by
industry, ensure those marketed are
safe for humans and the
environment. Increase proportion of
commercial chemicals that have
undergone PMN review to signify
they are properly managed and may
be potential green alternatives to
existing chemicals.
In 2003, provide information and
analytical tools to the public for
assessing the risks posed by toxic
chemicals.
In 2003, 834,400 additional people
will be living in healthier residential
indoor environments.
In 2003, 1,050,000 students, faculty
and staff will experience improved
indoor air quality in their schools.
In 2003, the quantity of Toxic
Release Inventory (TRI) pollutants
released, disposed of, treated or
combusted for energy recovery in
2003, (normalized for changes in
industrial production) will be
reduced by 200 million pounds, or
2%, from 2002. This data will be
reported in 2005,
In 2003, divert an additional 1% (for
a cumulative total of 32% or 74
million tons) of municipal solid
waste from land filling and
combustion, and maintain per capita
generation of RCRA municipal solid
waste at 4.5 pounds per day.
In 2003, AIEO will evaluate non-
Federal sources of environmental
data pertaining to conditions in
Indian Country to enrich the Tribal
Baseline Assessment Project.
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Goal 4: Preventing Pollution and Reducing Risk in Communities,
Homes, Workplaces and Ecosystems
Goal 4: Preventing Pollution Key Programs
(dollars in thousands)
Air.State.Local and Tribal Assistance Grants: Other Air Grants
American Indian Environmental Office
ATSDR Superfund Support
Children's Indoor Environments
Community Assistance
Congrcssionally Mandated Projects
Design for the Environment
Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program. EMAP
Existing Chemical Data, Screening. Testing and Management
Facilities infrastructure and Operations
Grants to States for Lead Risk Reduction
Indoor Environments
Lead Risk Reduction Program
Legal Services
Management Services and Stewardship
National Program chemicals: PCBs, Asbestos. Fibers.and Dioxin
New Chemical Review
Partnerships to Reduce High Risk Pesticide Use
PBTI
Pesticide Registration
Pesticide Rcregistration
Pesticides Program Implementation Grant
Pollution Prevention Incentive Grants to States
Pollution Prevention Program
Radon
RCRA State Grants
RCRA Waste Reduction
Regional Management
Research to Support Safe Communities
Safe Pesticide Applications
Science Coordination and Policy
Tribal General Assistance Grants
IV-13
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Goal 5:
Better Waste Management,
Restoration of
Contaminated Waste Sites,
and Emergency Response
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
Strategic Goal: America's wastes will be stored, treated, and disposed of
in ways that prevent harm to people and to the natural environment, EPA
will work to clean up previously polluted sites, restore them to uses
appropriate for surrounding communities, and respond to and prevent
waste-related or industrial accidents.
Resource Summary
(dollars in thousands)
FY 2002
Enacted
FY 2003
Request
FY 2003 vs.
FY 2002
Better Waste Management, Restoration of
Contaminated Waste Sites, and Emergency
Response
Control Risks from Contaminated Sites and
Respond to Emergencies
Regulate Facilities to Prevent Releases
Workyears
$1,520,683.8 §1,711,279.8 $190,596.0
$1,354,840.9 $1,544,018.6 $189,177.7
$165,842.9 $167,261.2 $1,418.3
4.308.5
4.498.7
190.2
Means and Strategy
EPA and its partners will continue
their efforts to achieve this goal by
promoting better waste management,
cleaning up contaminated waste sites, and
preventing waste-related or industrial
accidents. To date, EPA and its partners
have made significant progress toward
achieving its two primary objectives that
address human health and the environment
at thousands of Superfund, Brownfields,
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA), underground storage tank (UST),
and oil sites. Brought together by our
common interest to protect our health,
environment, and livelihoods, EPA and its
partners have established an effective
structure to manage the nation's hazardous
and solid wastes.
To achieve this goal, EPA seeks to
further reduce or control the unacceptable
risks posed to human health and the
environment through better waste
management and restoration of abandoned
waste sites. In partnership with states, tribal
governments, the public, and other
stakeholders, EPA will reduce or control the
risks to human health and the environment
at thousands of Superfund, Brownfields,
RCRA, and UST sites. EPA's strategy is to
apply the fastest, most effective waste
management and cleanup methods available,
while involving affected communities in the
decision making process. The Agency will
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
employ enforcement efforts to further assist
in reducing risk to humans from hazardous
waste exposure.
In FY 2003, EPA will focus on four
overarching themes in achieving its
objectives:
• Homeland Security: Enhancing
EPA's emergency preparedness and
emergency response programs to
ensure the afety and health of the
public, and other emergency
response personnel. The Agency
will then be able to provide
appropriate and timely crisis and
consequence management related to
weapons of mass destruction and
releases of hazards substances. EPA
will also conduct research on better
technologies and assessments to
clean up buildings contaminated by
biological and chemical agents.
* Revitalization: Broad promotion of
the successes and lessons learned by
the brownfields program and other
waste program revitalization efforts,
and how revitalization can
complement our traditional cleanup
programs and lead to faster cleanups
and productive reuse of properties,
* One Cleanup Program: Creating a
national dialogue on the future of
Superfund and other waste/cleanup
programs. Continue progress in
cleanups while increasing
consistency and transparency across
programs.
• Recycling, Waste Minimization
and Energy Recovery: Promotion
of recycling, waste minimization and
energy recovery for both hazardous
and non-hazardous wastes.
Homeland Security
In support of Homeland Security, the
Agency is requesting S86 million to
strengthen the Agency's preparedness,
response structure and improve state and
local emergency response capabilities,
continue operations of the Environmental
Response Team Center West (ERTC-West),
and research decontamination of buildings
resulting from a release of biological agents.
Through the ERTC-West, the
Superfund Program will maintain an around-
the-clock emergency response activation
system to support regions and states in the
western part of the country. The ERT
provides critical technical support services
to EPA's response personnel in the field.
These services include: environmental
monitoring, decontamination, technical
assistance on hazardous and radiation
emergencies, and support to FBI-led
response teams. The ERT also offers
technical training to Federal, State, and bcal
government officials in the latest response
technology.
EPA plays a vital role in helping to
protect the American people from hazardous
substances releases as well as the highly
dangerous agents (chemical, biological,
radiological) associated with acts of
terrorism. Any major terrorism event,
whether it involves explosives, conventional
hazardous materials or radiological,
chemical or biological agents, will
necessitate an EPA response to, first, assess
the risks to public health, the environment
and to response workers, second, to manage
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
and mitigate the hazards of residual
contamination, and, third, to conduct
assessments of the adequacy of the response
sufficient to allay the concerns of the public
who will re-occupy the affected area.
Currently, EPA's capability to conduct such
responses resides in our Emergency
Response program.
The Agency's chemical emergency
preparedness and prevention (CEPP)
program complements EPA's emergency
response efforts. This program addresses
the risks associated with the manufacture,
transportation, storage and use of hazardous
chemicals to prevent and mitigate chemical
releases whether an incident may be
accidental or intentional, as is the case in
releases caused by terrorist acts. To meet its
homeland security obligations the CEPP
program works with state agencies and
Local Emergency Planning Committees
(LEPCs) to help strengthen their capabilities
to prepare for and respond to potential
incidents of terrorism. The LEPC is a
community organization that brings together
all entities (first responders, fire
departments, hospitals, emergency
technicians, planners, industry, the media,
and local elected officials) that have primary
responsibility for emergency preparedness at
the local level. The program also works in
partnership with the chemical and
petrochemical industry to improve site
security and the safe operations of facilities
throughout the country.
Within the National Response
System, EPA supports a national emergency
preparedness and response capability. Under
the National Response Team (NRT),
Regional Response Team (RRT) and
Federal Response Plan (FRP) the Federal
government helps states and local
governments address major incidents that
are beyond their capabilities, including those
involving terrorism. EPA chairs the NRT
and co-chairs the 13 RRTs throughout the
U.S. which integrates actions of all Federal
partners to prevent, prepare for and respond
to hazardous material releases including
chemical, biological and radiological
substances. The Agency also participates
with other Federal agencies to implement
national security, continuity of operations
and other homeland security requirements.
The FY 2003 President's Budget
requests resources to conduct research on
better technologies and assessments to
cleanup buildings contaminated by
biological and chemical agents. These
efforts will include the transfer of
technologies and guidance on
decontamination processes, evaluation of
existing and new cleanup and detection
technologies, development of risk
assessment methodologies, and production
of rapid decontamination techniques and
technologies.
Revitali/ation
To address the theme of
revitalization, EPA is requesting S200
million to implement the Small Business
Liability Relief and Brownfields
Revitalization and Environmental
Restoration Act (H.R. 2869), signed by
President Bush on January II, 2002.
Brownfields are abandoned, idled, or
underused industrial and commercial
properties and are not traditional Superfund
sites. Generally, Brownfields are not highly
contaminated and, therefore, present lesser
health risks. Economic changes over several
decades have left thousands of communities
with these contaminated properties and
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
abandoned sites. This legislation promotes
brownfields redevelopment by providing
financial assistance for assessment and
cleanup, reforming Superfund liability and
enhancing state response programs. The
legislation was the top environmental
priority of the Administration and EPA will
be working with Congress, other Federal
agencies, states, tribes, local governments,
the private sector and non-profit
organizations on its implementation. In
addition to the activities which have been
carried out in the past, the new legislation
will expand EPA's ability to address sites
contaminated with petroleum and permit
EPA to establish grants for brownfields
cleanup.
EPA is committed to integrating the
concept of re vital ization and reuse into the
process of cleaning up abandoned, inactive
and contaminated waste sites, active and
closing Federal facilities, and other
properties. An essential element of the
assessment and cleanup of contaminated
property, whether they are Brownfields,
Superfund, RCRA Corrective Action, Base
Realignment and Closure, Federal facilities
or USTs, is the ultimate goal of revitalizing
and reusing that property. Although
assessment and cleanup provide clear
environmental benefits in mitigating
exposure to hazardous contaminants, the
ultimate goal is the reuse of these properties
to improve the quality of life in America's
communities. Building upon the Agency's
recent successes in this area, EPA's waste
cleanup programs will actively seek out
opportunities to leverage public or private
investment, create jobs associated with
reuse, and increase the overall acreage
reused.
One Cleanup Program
In support of the one cleanup
program theme, the Superfund program
works with States, Tribes, local
governments, and other Federal agencies to
protect human health and the environment
and to restore sites to uses appropriate for
nearby communities. Many of the Nation's
largest and most technically complex
contaminated properties including
abandoned, private, and Federal facilities are
cleaned up by the Superfund Program. Site
assessment is the first step in determining
whether a site meets the criteria for
placement on the National Priorities List
(NPL) or for removal action to prevent,
minimize or mitigate significant threats.
When a site is placed on the NPL it becomes
eligible for a fund-financed cleanup. The
Agency also provides outreach and
education to the surrounding communities to
improve their understanding of potential site
risk, such as risks posed by radioactive
materials, and to promote direct involvement
in every phase of the cleanup process.
One of the Superfund program's
major goals is to have responsible parties
pay for and conduct cleanups at abandoned
or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The
Superfund enforcement program maximizes
Potentially Responsible Party (PRP)
participation and is committed to reforms,
which increase fairness, reduce transaction
costs, and promote economic
redevelopment. The Agency also seeks to
recover costs associated with a site cleanup
from responsible parties when Superfund
trust fund monies have been expended.
The RCRA corrective action
program addresses a significant number of
industrial sites, including Federally-owned
V-4
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
facilities. Administered by EPA and
authorized states, these sites include some of
the most intractable and controversial
cleanup projects in the country.
Approximately 3,500 industrial facilities
must undergo a cleanup under the RCRA
program. Of these facilities, EPA and state
partners have identified over 1,700 facilities
as high priority because people or the
environment are likely to be at significant
current or future risk. As evidence of
success in meeting this challenge, EPA and
the states have now documented that both
exposure to contamination and further
migration of contaminated groundwater
have been controlled at over 600 of the 1700
high priority facilities.
The RCRA corrective action
program continues to emphasize
redevelopment of RCRA corrective action
sites to prevent these properties from
becoming Brownfields (unused or underused
property due to perceived concerns
regarding hazardous waste contamination).
Through its nine active pilots, the RCRA
Brownfields Prevention Pilot program
showcases the implementation of the RCRA
corrective action reforms and the use of
innovative approaches to cleanup activities.
In addition, the RCRA program also
sponsors a Targeted Site Effort (TSE) to
focus a small amount of funds at specific
sites to give assistance in moving forward in
the corrective action process.
In partnership with the states, the
Agency prevents releases, detects releases
early in the event they occur, and addresses
leaks from USTs containing petroleum and
hazardous substances. The strategy for
achieving this goal is to promote and
enforce compliance with the regulatory
requirements aimed at preventing and
detecting UST releases, thereby protecting
our nation's groundwater. While the vast
majority of the approximately 700,000
active USTs have the proper equipment per
Federal regulation, significant \vork remains
to be done to ensure UST owners and
operators properly maintain and operate
their systems. The Agency's role is to work
with states to promote compliance with the
spill, overfill, and corrosion protection
requirements, and ensure that the leak
detection requirements are a national
priority. This encompasses compliance for
all Federally-regulated UST systems,
including those on private and public
property, in Indian Country, and Federal
facilities. The Agency has primary
responsibility for implementing the UST
program in Indian Country.
The Leaking Underground Storage
Tank (LUST) Program will continue its
progress by promoting rapid and effective
responses to releases from USTs containing
petroleum. EPA plays a key role in
implementing the national LUST Program
by supporting the management of state,
local, and tribal enforcement and response
capability, as well as, sharing lessons
learned with state regulators and the
regulated community to increase cleanup
accomplishments. The Agency's highest
priorities in the LUST program over the next
several years is to address approximately
150,000 cleanups that have yet to be
completed, and to address methyl-tertiary-
butyl-ether (MTBE) contamination which
states are increasingly discovering, and
which pose unique and often difficult
remediation challenges.
V-5
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
Recycling, Waste Minimization, and
Energy Recovery
In support of the recycling, waste
minimization and energy recovery theme,
the RCRA program will focus on improving
current waste management practices,
providing greater regulatory flexibility and
promoting opportunities for converting
waste to future energy and raw material
sources. In FY 2003, EPA will undertake a
comprehensive review of its waste
management programs and regulations
regarding hazardous and non-hazardous
waste recycling, waste minimization and
energy recovery practices. The review
objective will be to identify opportunities to
further the goal of resource conservation and
recovery, while remaining true to the
mission of ensuring safe and protective
waste management practices.
Other elements of the Better Waste
Management goal are associated with the
promotion of safe waste management
practices, which serve to avoid future
cleanup and redevelopment burdens. For
facilities that currently manage hazardous
wastes, EPA and the authorized states
ensure human health and environmental
protection through the issuance of RCRA
hazardous waste permits. The RCRA
program works primarily through state
partners to reduce the risks of exposures to
dangerous hazardous wastes by maintaining
a cradle-to-grave waste management
framework. Under this framework, EPA
and the states oversee the handling,
transport, treatment, storage, and disposal of
hazardous waste, ensuring that communities
are not exposed to hazards through improper
management. Hazardous waste
management facilities with appropriate
controls in place have made significant
progress in minimizing the threat of
exposure to hazardous substances. To date,
48 states, Guam, and the District of
Columbia are authorized to issue permits.
State authorization for all portions of the
RCRA program, including regulations that
address waste management issues included
in permits, is an important Agency goal.
The RCRA program strives to achieve
greater efficiencies by adapting new
innovative technologies that not only
streamline permitting processes and better
protect our land but also provide greater
regulatory flexibility and opportunity for
converting waste to future energy and raw-
material sources.
The Agency's chemical emergency
preparedness and prevention program
addresses some of the risks associated with
the manufacture, transportation, storage and
use of hazardous chemicals to prevent and
mitigate chemical releases, whether an
incident may be accidental or intentional, as
is the case in a terrorist event. The program
also implements right-to-know initiatives to
inform the public about chemical hazards
and encourages actions at the local level to
reduce risk. Section 112(r) of the Clean Air
Act requires an estimated 16,000 facilities to
develop comprehensive risk management
plans (RMPs) and submit them to EPA, state
agencies, and Local Emergency Planning
Committees. The Agency believes that
states are best suited to implement the RMP
program because they benefit directly from
its success and they often have established
relationships with the communities that may
be at risk.
The Oil Spill Program prevents,
prepares for, responds to, and monitors oil
spills as mandated and authorized in the
Clean Water Act and Oil Pollution Act of
V-6
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
1990. EPA protects U.S. waterways through
oil spill prevention, preparedness, and
enforcement compliance. There are 465,000
non-transportation-related oil storage
facilities that EPA regulates. When
necessary, the Agency undertakes oil spill
response in the inland zone which is then
funded through a reimbursable agreement
with the U.S. Coast Guard.
Finally, the Agency has established
performance objectives specific to Indian
Tribes and Alaska Native Villages. These
objectives stress waste prevention and
cleanup and assistance to Tribes. To meet
these objectives, EPA will identify Tribal
needs, support and promote the involvement
of Tribes in implementation activities, and
control risks in Indian Country through
assessment and clean up of contaminated
sites in consultation and partnership with
Tribes.
Research
The FY 2003 waste research
program supports the Agency's objective of
reducing or controlling potential risks to
human health and the environment at
contaminated waste sites by accelerating
scientifically defensible and cost-effective
decisions for cleanup at complex sites,
mining sites, marine spills, and Brownfields
in accordance with CERCLA. Research
will: 1) provide improved methods and
dose-response models for estimating risks
from complex mixtures contaminating soils
and groundwater; 2) provide improved
methods for measuring, monitoring, and
characterizing complex waste sites in terms
of soils and groundwater; 3) develop more
reliable technologies for cleanup of
contaminated soils, groundwater, and
sediments; and 4) determine the effects of
contaminants on the environment. A new
effort in Homeland Security will also begin
in 2003 and focus on critical issues, such as
the decontamination of buildings, in order to
prevent and respond to future instances of
bioterrorism.
Waste identification, waste
management, and combustion constitute the
three major areas of research under RCRA
in FY 2003, as the Agency works towards
preventing releases through proper facility
management. Waste identification research
will focus on multimedia, multi-pathway
exposure modeling and environmental fate
and transport; physical estimation in support
of risk-based exemption levels for wastes;
development of targeted exemptions of
waste streams that do not pose unacceptable
risks; and efforts to streamline the waste de-
listing process. These efforts could
significantly reduce compliance costs while
still supporting EPA's mission to protect
human health and the environment. Waste
management research will focus on
developing more cost-effective ways to
manage/recycle non-hazardous wastes and
will examine other remediation
technologies, while combustion research
will continue to focus on characterizing and
controlling emissions from waste
combustion.
Highlights
In FY 2003, EPA and state cleanup
actions will protect human health by
reducing the effects of uncontrolled releases
on local populations and sensitive
environments. The Agency will build on
past successes in cleaning up sites. The
following accomplishments provide
examples of what has been done by the
Agency to achieve its goal:
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
Cleaned up 804 Superfund National
Priorities List Sites through
September 30, 2001;
Conducted over 6,500 Superfund
removal response actions from 1982
through September 30, 2001:
Assessed over 43,700 potential
Superfund sites;
Removed more than 32,700 sites
from the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Com-pensation
and Liability Information System
(CERCLIS) waste site list;
Secured greater than $20 billion in
PRP commitments, through response
and cost recovery settlements, over
the life of the Superfund program.
Resolved potential liability of 24,700
small volume waste contributing
parties through more than 475
deimnimis settlements;
Responded to or monitored 300 oil
spills in a typical year;
Awarded 399 Brownfields
assessment pilots, over 129
brownfiekls cleanup revolving loan
fund pilots, and 48 job training pilots
through September 1, 2001;
Over 600 of approximately 1,700
high priority RCRA sites targeted for
aggressive risk reduction have met
GPRA Environmental Indicator
goals;
74% of approximately 2,750
hazardous waste management
facilities have effective controls in
place;
Launched a RCRA Brownfields
Prevention Pilot program with nine
active pilots;
Cleaned approximately 259,000
leaking underground storage tanks
since 1987.
In FY 2003, EPA's goal is to
complete construction at 40 private and
Federal Superfund sites and take action to
address contamination at 275 sites using
removal authorities, in addition, EPA and
its partners will make final site assessment
decisions on 475 additional sites. The
Superfund enforcement program's goal will
be to obtain PRP commitments to initiate
work at 70% of construction starts at non-
Federal facility sites on the NPL and to
conduct or fund removals.
In FY 2003, the Superfund
redevelopment initiative will facilitate the
return of additional Superfund sites to
productive reuse. The Agency has compiled
a list of over 260 Superfund sites that have
been recycled. At these sites, more than
60,000 acres are now in ecological or
recreational use. Approximately 15,500
jobs, representing approximately $500
million in annual income, are located at sites
that have been recycled for commercial use.
In FY 2003, the Agency will
improve its Homeland Security preparedness
and response capability, workforce safety,
and coordination with our Federal and local
partners. This will support national efforts to
combat terrorist threats including biological,
chemical and radiological attacks on
populations in the United States. The
Agency will implement an initiative to
establish a viable Homeland Security
program at EPA that will reduce the risk to
the public, better protect our emergency
responders, and prevent environmental
harm. This initiative will support the
National Homeland Security strategy
developed by the Office of Homeland
Security and the White House that assigns
EPA a critical role in preparing for and
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
responding to terrorist incidents. This
responsibility is based upon EPA's unique
expertise and experience in emergency
preparedness and response to hazardous
material releases.
The Agency's Homeland Security
efforts will concentrate on: (1) developing a
multi-skilled workforce and providing them
with advanced training; (2) implementing an
EPA-wide event planning/response program
that can fully participate in national inter-
agency exercises; (3) providing state-of-the-
art response equipment (e.g., personal
protection, field analysis, decontamination)
and the resources to maintain the equipment;
and (4) enhancing planning, coordination,
and outreach efforts at the local, state, and
Federal levels.
Reducing chemical accidents is vital
to ensure that communities are not exposed
to hazardous materials. The Agency will
continue its efforts to help states and local
emergency planning committees implement
the risk management plan (RMP) program.
EPA continues to make steady progress in
this area and, in FY 2003, will delegate the
program to eight additional states for a
cumulative total of twenty-five. To reach
this goal, EPA will provide technical
assistance grants. technical support,
outreach, and training to state and local
emergency planning committees. Through
these activities, states, local communities,
and individuals will be better prepared to
prevent and prepare for chemical accidents.
Through the Federal Oil Spill
Program, EPA will continue to prevent,
respond to, and monitor oil spills that occur
in the waters of the United States and
adjoining shorelines. Over 24,000 spills are
reported annually while approximately half
are in the inland zone which is under EPA's
jurisdiction. EPA typically responds to and
monitors the work of responsible parties at
approximately 300 significant spills a year.
To reduce the risk of hazardous exposure to
people and the environment, the Agency
aims to prevent oil spills from occurring,
prepare for oil spills that do occur, and
respond to and monitor spills when
necessary.
The EPA Brownfields program
coordinates a Federal, state, tribal, and local
government approach to assist in addressing
environmental site assessment and cleanup.
This program has experienced tremendous
growth in applications for new and
supplemental pilots, averaging 198
applications per year. The passage of
Brownfields authorizing legislation in
December 2001 allows an expanded
program to address environmental and
economic challenges presented at
brownfields sites including:
* Grants to address petroleum
contaminated sites
* Grants for clean up activities
* Expanded resources for state and
tribal programs
• Tribal program funds for monitoring
public health
* Responding to mine scarred lands,
contaminative, and controlled
substances
In FY 2003, EPA will double our
Brownfield's program, providing SI 00
million more in funding. The Brownfields
program will provide $29 million in funding
and technical support for 74 new
assessments and 52 existing assessments.
These assessments provide states (including
U.S. territories), political subdivisions
V-9
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
(including cities, towns, and counties), and
Federally recognized Tribes with necessary
tools, information, and strategies for
promoting a unified approach to
environmental site assessment, charac-
terization, and redevelopment. Benefits
derived from this effort will include
leveraging a total of S5 billion in cleanup
and redevelopment funds, generation of
21,300 jobs, and assessment of 3,350 sites
through FY 2003. In addition, the Agency
and its Federal partners will continue to
support the existing 28 showcase
communities which serve as models to
demonstrate the benefits of interagency
cooperative efforts in addressing
environmental and economic issues related
to brownfields. The showcase communities
capitalize on a multi-agency partnership
designed to provide a wide range of support
depending on the particular needs of each
community.
As part of this initiative, EPA will use
approximately $30 million to address the
regulatory gap that prohibits EPA funds
from addressing the estimated 200,000
abandoned underground storage tanks
(USTs) and other petroleum contamination
found on brownfields properties. With these
funds, EPA will support assessment and
cleanup of petroleum contaminates in 50
brownfields communities.
To further enhance a community's
capacity to respond to brownfields
redevelopment, the Agency will also provide
funding for 33 communities to capitalize
brownfields cleanup revolving loan funds
(BCRLF) with the requested increase. All
communities with brownfields properties are
eligible to apply. For the first time,
Brownfields legislation authorizes funding
for cleanup grants. It is estimated that
cleanup funding might be available for up to
25 sites.
The Agency will also provide $50
million for states and Indian tribes to
establish or enhance their response
programs. The new legislation will also
permit the recipients to capitalize revolving
loan funds, purchase insurance or develop a
risk sharing pool, an indemnity pool, or an
insurance mechanism to provide financing
for response actions under a state response
program.
To augment the communities"
capacities to clean up brownfields sites,
EPA will fund 10 additional job training
pilots for community residents and will
provide S3 million to the National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
to supplement its minority worker training
programs that focus on brownfields
workforce development activities. In
addition, EPA will continue to explore
connections between RCRA low-priority
corrective action efforts and cleanup of
brownfields properties.
In FY 2003, 257 additional high
priority RCRA facilities will have current
human exposures under control and 172
additional high priority RCRA facilities will
have migration of contaminated
groundwater under control. To accomplish
its RCRA objectives, the Agency has
improved the pace of cleanups through
administrative reforms announced in 1999
and 2001. The reforms successfully
established an environment for program
implementers to be innovative and results-
oriented by promoting faster, focused, more
flexible cleanups. The Agency developed
these reforms with input from states,
industry and environmental organizations to
V-10
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
accomplish the following objectives: pilot
innovative approaches, accelerate the
changing culture, connect communities to
cleanups, and capitalize on redevelopment
potential.
In FY 2003, the RCRA hazardous
waste permits program will have permits or
other approved controls in place for 77% of
the hazardous waste management facilities
(out of a baseline of approximately 2,750
facilities). Securing approved controls in
place at facilities minimizes the threat of
exposure to hazardous substances because
the RCRA program's comprehensive
framework regulates the handling, transport,
treatment, storage, and disposal of
hazardous waste. In addition, the program is
planning an e-permitting initiative which
would complement the new standardized
permit process. This initiative will expedite
and simplify the permitting process and
provide better public access to permitting
information.
The Agency has several efforts
underway to improve waste management
practices throughout the RCRA program to
better reflect actual levels of risk. The
hazardous waste identification rule and
follow-up efforts seek to exclude lower risk
wastes from hazardous waste regulation. In
FY 2003, the Agency will continue to
develop exemptions for specific low-
concern wastes as well as concentration-
based exemption levels for constituents
occurring in hazardous wastes.
As the maximum achievable control
technology (MACT) standards for hazardous
waste incinerators and kilns are
implemented, emissions of dioxins, furans,
toxic metals, acid gases and particulate
matter from these sources will be reduced.
These efforts are intended to further reduce
the indirect exposure to hazardous
constituents in emissions, especially to
children. In 2000, the Agency initiated work
on Phase II MACT standards for hazardous
waste burning boilers and halogen acid
furnaces. However, in 2001 the D.C, Circuit
Court of Appeals vacated the Phase I MACT
standards. In 2002 and FY 2003, EPA will
work to revise the combustion standards and
address the court's action.
In FY 2003, the Agency will work
with states, industry, and community
representatives to begin implementation of
the voluntary guidelines for industrial non-
hazardous waste management. These
voluntary guidelines address a range of
issues including groundwater contamination,
air emissions, and alternatives to waste
disposal.
Based on EPA's minimum national
standards for municipal solid waste (MSW),
states regulate landfill practices. The
Agency worked with states to review the
national standards. The Agenc y is currently
initiating regulatory revisions to provide
additional flexibility so that compliance is
less costly and easier to achieve. Regulatory
revisions will provide an opportunity for
bioreactor technology, to pave the way for
future new energy and raw material sources.
The Agency will accelerate the pace
of LUST cleanups through additional
support to the states to hire staff to oversee
and expedite cleanups. Better oversight and
quicker action can reduce the costs of
cleaning up M'TBE contamination, which
can cost 100% more than a cleanup
involving the typical gasoline contaminants.
Accelerating the pace of these cleanups will
result in 500 additional cleanups completed.
V-ll
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
from the end of FY 2002, that may involve
groundwater and MTBE contamination. In
turn, fewer communities and individuals,
including those in Indian Country, will lose
their drinking water supplies. LIST owners
and operators undertake nearly all cleanups
under the supervision of state or local
agencies. The Agency oversees these
activities in Indian Country,
Research
In FY 2003, contaminated sites
research will be conducted to: 1) reduce
uncertainties associated with soil/
groundwater sampling and analysis; 2)
reduce the time and cost associated with site
characterization and site remediation
activities; 3) evaluate the magnitude of the
risks posed by contaminants to human health
and the ecosystem as well as the
contributions of multiple exposure
pathways, the bioavailability of adsorbed
contaminants and treatment residuals, and
the lexicological properties of contaminant
mixtures; and 4) develop and demonstrate
more effective and less costly remediation
technologies involving complex sites and
hard-to-treat wastes. Other proposed work
will enhance and accelerate current
contaminated sediments research efforts,
providing the data needed to make and
support crucial decisions on high impact and
high visibility sites. Research focusing on
Homeland Security issues such as transfer of
technologies and guidance on
decontamination processes, evaluating
existing and new cleanup and detection
technologies, developing risk assessment
methodologies for the both the short and
long term. and producing rapid
decontamination techniques and
technologies for cleanup of contaminated
buildings will begin in FY 2003. These
research efforts are critical in order to
prevent and respond to future instances of
bioterrorism.
Waste management research in FY
2003 will support the Hazardous Waste
Identification Rule (HW1R), a risk-based
approach for deli sting wastes, as well as
study improved ways to minimize waste
releases and impacts. Additionally, waste
management research will be conducted to
improve the management of both solid and
hazardous wastes.
2003 Annual Performance Goals
• In 2003, EPA and its partners will
complete 22,500 Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
cleanups for a cumulative total of
approximately 313,300 cleanups
since 1987.
• In 2003, EPA and its partners will
complete 40 Superfund cleanups
(construction completions).
• In 2003, ensure trust fund
stewardship by getting PRPs to
initiate or fund the work and recover
costs from PRPs when EPA expends
trust fund monies. Address cost
recovery at all NPL and non-NPL
sites with a statute of limitations
(SOL) on total past costs equal to or
greater than $200,000.
* In 2003, maximize all aspects of
PRP participation which includes
maintaining PRP work at 70% of the
new remedial construction starts at
non-Federal Facility Superfund, and
emphasize fairness in the settlement
process.
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
In 2003, 257 (for a cumulative total
of 1,252 or 73%) of high priority
RCRA facilities will have human
exposures controlled and 172 (for a
cumulative total of 1,054 or 61%) of
high priority RCRA facilities will
have ground water releases
controlled.
In 2003, to ensure cost-effective and
technically sound site clean-up,
deliver state-of-the are guidance and
methods to EPA and stakeholders for
risk management of fuel oxygenates;
organic and inorganic contamination
of sediments, ground water and/or
soils; and oil spills.
In 2003, EPA will provide additional
site assessment funding to 74 new
sites, and to 52 existing sites,
resulting in a cumulative total of
3,350 properties assessed, the
generation of 21,300 jobs, and the
leveraging of $5.0 billion in cleanup
and redevelopment funds since 1995.
In 2003, EPA and its state and tribal
partners will ensure that 80% of UST
facilities will be in significant
operational compliance with leak
detection requirements, and 85% of
UST facilities will be in significant
operational compliance with spill,
overfill and corrosion protection
regulations.
In 2003, 77.2 of the hazardous waste
management facilities will have
approved controls in place to prevent
dangerous releases to air, soil, and
groundwater. This represents an
additional 39 facilities meeting the
goal this year.
In 2003, certify that 8,000 55 gallon
drums of radioactive waste
(containing approximately 24,000
curies) shipped by DOE to the Waste
Isolation Pilot Plant are permanently
disposed of safely and according to
EPA standards.
V-13
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
Goal 5: Waste Management Key Programs
(dollars in thousands)
Assessments
Drown fields
Capacity Building
Civil Enforcement
Community Right to Know (Title 111)
Compliance Assistance and Centers
Congressional!}' Mandated Projects
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Federal Facilities
Federal Facility lAGs
Federal Preparedness
Hazardous Substance ResearchrHazardous Substance Research Centers
Hazardous Substance Research:Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE)
Hazardous Waste Research
Homeland Security*
Hornestakc Mine
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)Cooperativc Agreements
Legal Services
LUST Cleanup Programs
Management Services and Stewardship
Oil Spills Preparedness, Prevention and Response
Other Federal Agency Superfund Support
Radiation
RCRA Corrective Action
RCRA Improved Waste Management
RCRA State Grants
Regional Management
Research to Support Contaminated Sites
Risk Management Plans
FY 2002
Enacted
$76,472.9
$9 7,63 2. 7
$725.1
$2, 124.2
S4,%8.4
$934.8
$10.915.0
$60.032.3
S3 1.206.5
S8.784.7
$9.849.3
S4.576.8
$6.501.0
$9,088.3
$3,192.4
$0.0
$59,33 1 .9
$7.061.8
SI 0.067.4
S30. 133.6
SI 1.795.4
SI 0.676.0
S2 1.624.0
S3 8.262.3
$61.174.6
$59.45 1 .3
$1.644.8
$29,896.9
S7.202.9
FY 2003
President's
Request
$76.236.3
$199.769,0
$652.6
$2,120.7
$4.953.1
$96 1 ,2
$0.0
$55,998.4
S3 1. 9 15. 5
$9.091.7
$9.883.0
$4.599.2
$6.545.0
$9.548.7
$86.310.4
$8.000.0
$58.341.2
$7.710.7
$10,285.4
S3 1. 625.1
$12.332.2
SI 0.676.0
S22.419.1
$38.965.2
$61,860.0
S59.451.3
$1.628.9
$28.121.1
$7,446.0
V-I4
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Goal 5: Better Waste Management, Restoration of Contaminated
Waste Sites, and Emergency Response
'Superfund - Cost Recovery
Superfund - Justice Support
Superfund - Maximize PRP Involvement
Superfund Remedial Actions
Superfund Removal Actions
Underground Storage Tanks (UST)
LIST State Grants
$29.477.5 $30.37,19
$28,1501) S28. 150.0
(including reforms) $81.701.1 $84.396.9
$484.659.8 S489.355.0
$202.654.0 $202,610.3
$6.795.7 $7,026.4
$11,918.4 511,918.4
*FY 2002 does not include $175.6 million provided in the Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act for Homeland Security,
V-15
-------
-------
Goal 6:
Reduction of Global and
Cross-Border
Environmental Risks
-------
-------
Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental Risks
Strategic Goal: The United States will lead other Nations in successful,
multilateral efforts to reduce significant risks to human health and
ecosystems from climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, and other
hazards of international concern.
Resource
(dollars in
Reduction of Global and Cross-border
Environmental Risks
Reduce Transboundary Threats to Human and
Ecosystem Health in North America
Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Reduce Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Summary
thousands)
FY 2002
Enacted
$276,588.0
$96,869.4
$145,293.6
$15,843.2
FY 2003
Request
§269,727.2
$98,185.9
$ 1 36,953.4
$15,813.3
FY 2003 vs.
FY 2002
($6,860.8)
$1,316.5
($8,340.2)
(S29.9)
Protect Human Health and Ecosystems from PBTs and
other Toxics
$6,060.9
$6,173.6
$112.7
Increase Domestic and International Use of Cleaner and
More Cost- Effective Technologies
Workyears
$12,520,9
517.7
$12,601.0
504.7
$80.1
(13.0)
Means and Strategy
To reduce environmental and human
health risks along the U.S./Mexico Border
and the Great Lakes, EPA employs both
voluntary and regulatory measures. Efforts
in the U.S./Mexico Border area utilize a
series of workgroups that focus on priority
issues ranging from water infrastructure and
hazardous waste to outreach efforts focusing
on communities and businesses in the border
area. The programs were initially conceived
in a Federal-to-Federal context. While this
may have been appropriate at the start, it is
clear that today in both countries, non-
Federal governments are the appropriate
entities for developing and carrying out
much of the work of protecting the border
environment. The experience of the last six
years has shown U.S. border states as key
participants in workgroup activities with
similar experience on the Mexico side. In
VI-1
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Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental Risks
the past year all border states have stressed
the need for greater decentralization of
environmental authority, and in FY 1999,
States and the Federal government agreed to
a set of principles that clarify the roles of the
governments and advance State and Tribal
participation. Under a new environmental
plan developed with SEMARNAP (EPA=s
Mexican counterpart), targeted for
completion by December 2002, the States
and Tribes will play a more substantial and
meaningful role in:
• Determining how Federal border
programs are developed and funded;
• Focusing on developing regional
workgroups that empower border
citizens; and
• Ensuring that programs devolve
from Mexico=s Federal government
to the Mexican states, with
corresponding funding.
The 2001 Great Lakes Strategy,
developed by EPA=s Great Lakes National
Program Office (GLNPO) and Federal,
state, and Tribal agencies in consultation
with the public, advances U.S. Great Lakes
Water Quality Agreement implementatioa
Its long-range vision (a healthy natural
environment where all beaches are open for
swimming, all fish are safe to eat, and the
Lakes are protected as a safe source of
drinking water) is supported by Lakewide
Management Plans and Remedial Action
Plans for Areas of Concern. Progress is
measured through the Integrated
Atmospheric Deposition Network and
GLNPO's open water, fish, and sediments
monitoring. To prevent degradation of the
marine environment, the Agency, in
conjunction with the Department of State,
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), and other Federal
agencies, is focusing on the negotiation and
implementation of legally-binding multi-
lateral agreements. These agreements are
designed to address sources of marine
pollution that impact the United States.
EPA will meet its climate change
objectives by both working with business
and other sectors to deliver multiple benefits
B from cleaner air to lower energy bills B
while continuing to improving overall
scientific understanding of climate change
and its potential consequences. The core of
EPA=s climate change efforts are
government/industry partnership programs
designed to capitalize on the tremendous
opportunities available to consumers,
businesses, and organizations to make sound
investments in efficient equipment and
practices. These voluntary programs
remove barriers in the marketplace, resulting
in faster deployment of energy efficient
technology into the residential, commercial,
transportation, and industrial sectors of the
economy. Through the Clean Automotive
Technology initiative, EPA will work with
industry to develop and commercialize fuel-
efficient hydraulic hybrid and advanced
engine technologies that will utilize EPA
developed technologies.
EPA is also engaged in working with
key developing countries and economies-
in-transition to provide capacity building
and technology transfer in areas of air
quality, transportation, clean energy use and
energy efficiency, and cleaner production.
Working hand-in-hand with international
partners, these joint activities support more
sustainable practices and lead to greenhouse
gas emissions reductions as well as build
local technical capacity for developing
countries to take on commitments to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions under the 1992
Climate Convention. EPA's activities
provide information sharing and training and
VI-2
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Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental Risks
contribute to the fulfillment of U.S.
commitments under the Climate Convention
to facilitate technology transfer to
developing countries.
In order to restore and protect the
eartbs stratospheric ozone layer, EPA will
work on both domestic and international
fronts to limit the production and use of
ozone-depleting substances and to develop
safe alternative compounds. EPA will also
provide education about the risk of
environmental and health consequences of
overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
To address the risks associated with
persistent and bioaccumulative substances
and other toxics, the Agency employs two
fundamental approaches. The first approach
seeks to minimize the harmful impacts of
toxic substances known to circulate in the
environment over long distances through the
negotiation and implementation of specific
treaties. The second approach focuses on
the cooperative efforts of the Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) and other international
organizations working to develop
harmonized methods for testing and
assessing the toxicity of chemicals, and for
measuring the effects of chemicals to
humans and the environment.
In addition to the specific strategies
noted above, the Agency employs a variety
of means to achieve the environmental
objectives outlined in this goal. These
include:
• Implementing formal bilateral and
multilateral environmental agree-
ments with key countries, executing
environmental components of key
foreign policy initiatives, and, in
partnership with the Department of
State, engaging in regional and
global negotiations aimed at
reducing risks via formal and
informal agreements.
* Working with other countries to
ensure that domestic and inter-
national environmental laws,
policies, and priorities are re-
cognized and implemented.
» Partnering with other Federal
agencies, states, business, and
environmental groups to promote the
flow of environmentally sustainable
technologies and services worldwide.
Research
EPA=s Global Change Research
Program contributes to the Agency=s goal of
reducing greenhouse gas emissions by-
providing the knowledge to allow policy
makers to find the most appropriate,
science-based solutions to reduce risks to
human health and ecosystems posed by
climate change (e.g., the impacts climate
change could have on the spread of vector-
borne and water-borne disease, as well as on
air and water quality). The Agency is
working to assess the vulnerability of human
health and ecosystems to various
environmental stressors (e.g., climate
change, land-use change, UV radiation) at
the regional scale, and to assess adaptation
strategies.
Highlights
In FY 2003, EPA will use a variety
of approaches to build international
cooperation and technical capacity and to
prevent harm to the global environment and
ecosystems we share with other nations.
VI-3
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Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental Risks
one of EPA=s largest areas of potential, and
at the same time is one of its most
successful. EPA will continue to build upon
the successful ENERGY STAR partnerships
(including ENERGY STAR Labeling and the
ENERGY STAR Buildings Program) and work
toward the goal of offsetting about 24% of
the growth in greenhouse gas emissions
above 1990 levels expected by 2010 in this
sector, EPA=s programs will contribute
about 43 MMTCE annually in greenhouse
gas reductions by 2010 while saving
businesses and consumers more than $14
billion. In addition, EPA will continue work
in the Industry and Transportation Sectors as
well as fostering efforts in carbon
sequestration.
EPA will continue to work closely
with state and local partners to assess the air
quality, health, and economic benefits of
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and
developing practical risk reduction
strategies. And, it will establish international
partnerships that will link industrial
efficiency, reduction of greenhouse gases,
and sustainable development.
Stratospheric Ozone
To protect the earths stratospheric
ozone layer in accordance with the United
States= commitment to the Montreal
Protocol, EPA will continue to regulate
ozone-depleting compounds, foster the
development and use of alternative
chemicals in the U.S. and abroad, inform the
public about the dangers of overexposure to
UV radiation, and use pollution prevention
strategies to require the recycling of ozone-
depleting substances (ODSs) and
hydroflourocarbons.
Toxics and Pollutants
Reduced risks from toxics, especially
persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and
selected metals that circulate in the
environment at global and regional scales,
will be achieved by working with other
countries — within the frameworks
established by international instruments B to
control the production or phase-out from the
use of targeted chemicals. EPA is also
working to reach agreement on import and
export requirements applicable to certain
chemicals, an expansion of pollutant release
and transfer registers and the harmonization
of chemical testing, assessment and labeling
procedures. The goal of international
harmonization of test guidelines is to reduce
the burden on chemical companies of
repeated testing in satisfying the regulatory
requirements of different jurisdictions both
within the United States and internationally.
Harmonization also expands the universe of
toxic chemicals for which needed testing
information is available, and fosters
efficiency in international information
exchange and mutual international
acceptance of chemical test data. EPA will
continue to cooperate closely with other
Federal agencies and with other
industrialized nations within the program
framework of the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) in harmonizing testing guidelines.
The U.S. is working with other
OECD member countries to implement the
International Screening Information Data
Set (SIDS) program, a voluntary
international cooperative testing program
begun in 1990. The program focuses on
developing base-level test information
(including data on basic chemistry,
environmental fate, environmental effects
and health effects) for international high
VI-6
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Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental Risks
production volume chemicals, SIDS data
will be used to screen chemicals and to set
priorities for further testing and/or
assessment. The Agency will review testing
needs for 75 SIDS chemicals in FY 2003.
POPs Implementation
The United States recently signed the
Stockholm Convention on persistent organic
pollutants (POPs) which addresses
substances such as DDT, PCBs and dioxins.
These substances travel great distances in
the environment and thus threaten humans
and the ecosystem in the U.S., despite
domestic efforts to reduce releases. The
problem is especially acute in Alaska and
the Great Lakes, where POPs are taken up in
the food chain and impact Native Americans
who depend on subsistence foods. This
convention will require ratifying countries to
reduce and/or eliminate their production,
use, and/or release of specified POPs. To
ensure that developing countries comply
with obligations under this convention, the
U.S. is working with the Global
Environment Facility (a joint funding
program run by the World Bank, the United
Nations Environment Program, and the
United Nations Development Program) to
carry out capacity-building programs in
developing countries.
In FY 2003, EPA will target new and
existing resources to: (1) provide technical
and financial assistance to key
countries/regions, with an emphasis on those
whose releases most directly affect the U.S.
(e.g., Russia, Central America, and the
Caribbean); (2) address key priorities/areas
of need for each country as well as gaps in
technical and financial assistance; (3)
maximize use of existing bilateral and
regional partnerships, such as the North
American Commission on Environmental
Cooperation (NACEC) and the Arctic
Council, to achieve efficiencies and leverage
funding; and (4) support international
cooperative efforts, such as monitoring and
assessment, to identify trends and establish
priorities.
Research
EPA will assess the potential
consequences of global change B including
climate variability and change, land use
changes, and UV radiation B on air quality,
water quality, ecosystem health, and public
health. EPA will also assess potential
adaptation strategies for building resilience
to global change, while responding to both
risks and opportunities. The program will
continue to focus on providing scientific
information to support decision making by
policy makers, resource managers, and other
stakeholders. In FY 2003, EPA=s Global
Change Research Program will place
particular emphasis on continuing its
support for the assessment of the
consequences of global change within
regions and sectors, the ongoing U.S.
National Assessment activities, and other
related U.S. Global Change Research
Program (USGCRP) assessment activities.
The Program will emphasize assessing the
potential effects of climate change on
weather-related morbidity and will continue
to support the maintenance of the UV
monitoring network and data collection
using the network. Additional areas of focus
in FY 2003 will be continuing the
assessment of potential consequences of
global change for air quality (which will
inform air quality managers and other
decision makers about how climate change
might affect regional concentrations of
criteria air pollutants), water quality (which
will inform managers of public water
systems of how climate change might affect
VI-7
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Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross-Border Environmental Risks
water quality in states and localities), and
aquatic ecosystem health.
2003 Annual Performance Goals
• In 2003, increase the number of
residents in the Mexico border area
who are protected from health risks,
beach pollution and damaged
ecosystems from nonexistent and
failing water and wastewater
treatment infrastructure by providing
improved water and wastewater
service.
• In 2003, Great Lakes ecosystem
components will improve, including
progress on fish contaminants, beach
toxics, air toxics, and trophic status.
• In 2003, greenhouse gas emissions
will be reduced from projected levels
by approximately 73.5 MMTCE per
year through EPA partnerships with
businesses, schools, state and local
governments, and other
organizations thereby offsetting
growth in greenhouse gas emissions
above 1990 level by about 20%.
In 2003, reduce energy consumption
from projected levels by more than
95 billion kilowatt hours,
contributing to over $11 billion in
energy savings to consumers and
businesses.
In 2003, restrict domestic
consumption of class II HCFCs
below 9,960 OOP-weighted metric
tonnes (ODP MTs) and restrict
domestic exempted production and
import of newly produced class 1
CFCs and halons below 10,000 ODP
MTs.
In 2003, reduce environmental
exposure to US and selected
Countries of concern from Persistent
Organic Pollutants (POPs) through
the implementation of the Stockholm
Convention on POPs.
In 2003, enhance environmental
management and institutional capa-
bilities in priority countries.
VI- 8
-------
Goal 6: Reduction of Global and Cross- Border Environmental Risks
Coal 6: Reduction of Environmental Risks Key
(dollars in thousands/
Climate Change Research
Climate Protection Program: Buildings
Climate Protection Program: Carbon Removal
Climate Protection Program: Industry
Climate Proicction Program: International Capacity Building
Climate Protection Program: State and Local Climate Change Program
Climate Protection Program: Transportation
Commission for Environmental Cooperation -C EC
Congressionally Mandated Projects
Environment and Trade
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Global Toxics
Global Trade Issues for Pesticides and Chemicals
Great Lakes
Great Lakes National Program Office
Legal Services
Management Services and Stewardship
Multilateral Fund
POPs Implementation
Regional and Global Environmental Policy Development
Stratospheric Ozone Protection
Technical Cooperation with Industrial and Developing Countries
U.S. - Mexico Border
Water Infrastructure: Mexico Border
Programs
FY 2002
Enacted
S2 1,350.5
548,5713
$1,549.7
$25,368,6
$6,982.8
$2,245.6
$30,830.7
$3,396.4
$750.0
SI. 672.6
$7343,5
$1,522,8
$3,091,2
$537.6
$14,929.7
SI, 905. 9
$3.370,0
$9,575.8
$0.0
$2.362.7
55,602. 7
$4,478.4
$4,149.5
$75,000,0
FY 2003
President's
Request
S2 1.729.3
S49.820.5
$1,576.3
$25.673.1
$7.0X6.5
$2.275.2
$21.567.2
$3.535.3
so.o
$1.844.3
$6,875.2
$1,415.1
$3,125.4
$0.0
$15,128.2
S2.049.I
$3.386.7
$9.575.8
$680.3
S2.046.K
$5,642.2
$4,330.1
$5, 364.6
$75,000,0
VI-9
-------
-------
Goal 7:
Quality Environmental
Information
-------
-------
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information
Strategic Goal: The public and decision makers at all levels will have
access to information about environmental conditions and human health to
inform decision making and help assess the general environmental health of
communities. The public will also have access to educational services and
information services and tools that provide for the reliable and secure
exchange of quality environmental information.
Resource Summary
(dollars' in thousands)
FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 vs.
Enacted Request FY 2002
Quality Environmental Information
$197,067.8 $199,124.0 $2,056.2
Increase Availability of Quality Health and Environmental
Information $121,920.2 5120,414,7 ($1,505.5)
Provide Access to Tools for Using Environmental
Information
$53,261.9 $48,181.3 ($5,080.6)
Improve Agency Information Infrastructure and Security $21,885.7 $30,528.0 $8,642.3
Workyears
840.1
847.1
7.0
Means and Strategy
The purpose of this goal is to provide
government decision makers and the
American public with information about the
environment. Environmental information
can better enable the public to understand
conditions and make informed decisions
about protecting the health and the
environment of local communities. It can
lead to creative and sustainable solutions to
environmental problems and opportunities
for pollution prevention. Environmental
information of known and documented
quality is crucial to sound decision making
and to establishing public trust and
confidence in those decisions. EPA and its
partners will focus on eight activities to
accomplish this goal.
First, EPA will continue to increase
the availability of health and environmental
information by providing citizens with
access to accurate and reliable
environmental information. For instance,
with the final expansion of Window To My
Environment — a geographic portal to
community-based environmental in-
formation •— EPA is moving forward on its
mandate to provide the public with
electronic and non-electronic access to
accurate, useful, and reliable environmental
VII-1
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Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information
The Agency will actively participate
in several of ihe Administration's electronic
government (e-gov) initiatives, building on
efforts started in 2002. E-Gov is a major
component of the President's Management
Agenda and will spur government-wide
service improvements and efficiencies.
EPA's work will include online rule-making
(e-dockets), electronic dockets management,
and participation in the human resources and
financial management improvement
projects.
The Agency's environmental justice
program will help communities access
information to ensure that they do not
experience a disproportionate amount of
pollution. Since 1994, more than 950 grants
have been awarded to community
organizations. As a result of these grant
awards, community-based organizations
(i.e., grassroots groups, churches, and other
nonprofit organizations) have expanded
citizen involvement and given residents the
tools to leam more about exposure to
environmental harms and about associated
risks and to protect their families and their
communities. These small grants have
served as the "seed-money" for
empowerment of the residents of these
communities, allowing them to speak for
themselves and make their own decisions. In
2003, the program will continue to assist
community-based organizations through the
community small grants program.
Key to achieving our objectives will
be the further development of the Exchange
Network. The Network builds on a
strengthened partnership between EPA and
the states. It uses an internet-based, multi-
media approach to environmental
information exchange that is standards-
based, highly connected, flexible, and
secure. The Exchange Network will provide
a wide range of shared environmental
information to the states. Tribes, localities,
regulated community, EPA, and the public.
Additionally, through the information grant
program, begun in 2002, States and Tribes
will be better positioned to participate in the
Exchange Network.
The Central Data Exchange (CDX)
is the electronic portal through which
information is securely received, translated
and forwarded data to EPA's data systems.
In 2003, the CDX infrastructure, a key
component of the Exchange Network, will
service 45 states and a total of 25,000
facilities, companies, and laboratories will
use it to provide data to EPA electronically.
By widely implementing an electronic
reporting infrastructure, CDX will reduce
reliance on less efficient paper-based
processes, resulting in improved data
quality, reduced reporting burden, and the
creation of new opportunities for
simplifying the reporting process. By the
end of 2003, electronic reporting through
CDX will be possible for all of the national
environmental systems.
In 2003, data standards will be
expanded to include additional areas of
environmental information. Access to
related information for use by EPA's
partners and stakeholders will be greatly
enhanced by improvements to the
Environmental Data Registries. This system
of registries will continue to provide the
technical detail needed to promote the
adoption of data standards by other parties,
and will also provide authoritative sources
for populating records, thereby promoting
data sharing and integration.
Users of EPA's website have a tool
for notifying the Agency of potential errors
they find in the national environmental data
VII-4
-------
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information
systems. The error correction program is the
first step in an internal process by which the
Agency or a state will assess all reported
potential errors, and notify the individual
who reported the error of the findings and
corrective actions. This program will
continue to operate in 2003 and will serve as
the basis for the data and information quality
"complaint resolution process" called for in
the Office of Management and Budget's
recently-published quality guidelines.
Citizens and the regulated
community will have greater online access
to information contained in EPA's rule-
making dockets. The Regulatory Public
Access System will be the internet
complement to EPA's combined docket
facility, and will be first available in mid-
2002 and more fully populated in 2003.
This effort is part of the Administration's e-
government initiative.
In partnership with the states, the
Agency will continue its efforts to expand
publicly available information, both
electronically via the internet and through
non-electronic media. This includes the
Envirofacts database, a major data
warehouse comprised of 11 national
databases. It is used extensively by EPA,
the states, and the public.
In 2003, the Agency will continue its
efforts to promote public access through the
Agency's Access to Interpretative
Documents project (formally known as
Enhanced Public Access), This project is
designed to make all significant Agency
guidance, policy statements, and
site-specific interpretations of regulated
entities environmental management
practices electronically available to the
states, industry, and the public in a secure
manner.
EPA will continue to implement the
Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program.
The TRI Program provides the public with
information on waste management and
releases of chemicals to the environment.
Two laws. Section 313 of the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-To-Know
Act (EPCRA) and Section 6607 of the
Pollution Prevention Act, mandate that EPA
annually collect information on listed toxic
chemicals from certain industries and make
the information available to the public
through various means, including a publicly
accessible national database. Using this
information, citizens, businesses,
community groups, researchers, and
governments can work together to better
protect the environment.
In 2003, EPA will continue to reduce
TRI reporting burdens on industry and
improve TRI data quality by distributing its
new software tool, "TR1 Made-Easy (TRI-
ME)." EPA expects to further increase the
percentage of TRI reporting forms that are
submitted in digital format, EPA will
continue to refine and expand the public's
understanding of TRI data by improving
data access tools such as the "TRI
Explorer." In 2003, EPA will release data
for the first reporting year since the Agency
lowered the TRI reporting thresholds for
lead and lead compounds in 2001. EPA will
also be issuing a rule to transition from
using the old industry classification system,
the Standard Industrial Code system, to the
new classification system, the North
American Industry Classification System for
TRI reporting. As part of its on-going
responsibilities under the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Act (EPCRA), EPA will continue to respond
to petitions to add and delete chemicals on
the TRI list and to other petitions to amend
the program.
VI1-5
-------
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information
In 2003, the Agency will continue to
modernize its information systems in
cooperation with the states. Modernization
efforts will focus on data integration and
data quality. These projects will be planned
and managed under the Clinger-Cohen Act
investment review with oversight by EPA
management.
EPA's information technology
program will maintain its commitment to
strong customer service and strategic
investment in new technology to ensure our
continued ability to deliver information
services efficiently, effectively, and
securely. Through emphasis on acquiring
the right skills, technologies, and services,
EPA will take additional steps to strengthen
and secure the Agency's information
technology infrastructure. In 2003, EPA
will implement a program to ensure that all
of its central infrastructure, financial, and
mission critical environmental systems are
assessed for potential security risks as part
of regular system security plan updating.
EPA's quality program will continue
to develop the Agency-wide policies and
procedures for planning, documenting,
implementing, and assessing data collection
and use in Agency decisions. The quality
program will also develop training material
on the various policies and oversee
implementation of EPA's quality systems.
Research
In FY 2003, the Agency will
continue to provide technical guidance for
conducting risk assessments to improve the
scientific basis for decision making. To
achieve this goal, the Agency's Risk
Assessment Forum will focus in three areas:
cumulative risk assessment, ecological risk
assessment, and risk assessments for
children. Efforts will result in technical
guidance on the identification of appropriate
age groupings for exposure assessments for
children, technical issue papers, and a
framework for preparing cumulative risk
assessments. EPA will also collect, manage,
and present environmental information for
the benefit of the Agency and the public in
order to enhance the availability and utility
of data, information, and tools for decision
making. To that end, the Agency will
develop and/or update Agency consensus
human health assessments for 8-10
environmental substances of high priority to
EPA and make them publicly available on
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
2003 Annual Performance Goals
* In 2003, decision makers have access
to the environmental data that EPA
collects and manages to make sound
environmental decisions while
minimizing the reporting burden on
data providers.
• In 2003, the public will have better
information on toxic releases and
wastes being managed in their
communities. EPA will also work
with the owners and operators of
facilities to reduce the record-
keeping and reporting burdens
associated with submitting their TRI
forms to EPA by 14%.
* In 2003, ensure that EPA's policies,
programs and activities address
disproportionately exposed and
under-represented population issues
so that no segment suffers
disproportionately from adverse
health and environmental effects.
VII-6
-------
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information
In 2003, the public will have access
to a wide range of Federal, state, and
local information about local
environmental conditions and
features in an area of their choice.
In 2003, OMB reports that all EPA
information systems meet/exceed
established standards for security.
VII-7
-------
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information Key Programs
(dollar.'! in thousands)
Capacity Building
Communicating Research Information
Community Assistance
Congressional Projects
Congressionally Mandated Projects
Congressional/Legislative Analysis
Correspondence Coordination
Data Collection
Data Management
Data Standards
Direct Public Information and Assistance
Environmental Education Division
Environmental Justice
Executive Support
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Geospatial
Homeland Security*
information Exchange Network
Information Integration
Information Technology Management
Intergovernmental Relations - OA
Legal Services
Management Services and Stewardship
Multi-Media Communications
NACEPT Support
NAFTA Implementation
National Association Liaison
Pesticide Registration
Pesticide Reregistration
Public Access
Regional Management
Regional Operations and Liaison
FY 2002
[Enacted
$0.0
$5,543.7
$650.2
$2,078.6
$7,275.0
$4,852.2
SI,200.7
$125.9
$2,400.7
$5,339.9
$8,612.7
$9.160.2
$5.064.4
$0.0
$11,516.6
$1,015.3
$607.8
$25.000.0
$6.116.1
$28.521.4
$1,519.8
$2,979.6
$2,697.7
$821.3
$1,803.1
$514.3
$346.0
$570,6
$392.2
$12,485.3
$1,977.9
$547.5
VII-8
-------
Goal 7: Quality Environmental Information
Regulatory Development $5,000.5 $4,817.4
Reinventing Environmental Information (RE1) $8,623.8 $7,900.0
SBREFA $686.2 $608.8
Small, Minority, Women-Owned Business Assistance $2,295,5 $3,305.0
System Modernization $13.690,0 SI3.690.0
Toxic Release Inventory / Right-to-Know (RtK) $14,155.6 $15.293.2
Web Products Quality Control $879.5 S767.0
*FY 2002 does not include $175.6 million provided in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for
Homeland Security,
VII-9
-------
-------
Goal 8:
Sound Science, Improved
Understanding of
Environmental Risk and
Greater Innovation to
Address Environmental
Problems
-------
-------
Goal 8: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental
Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems
! *; «*'
Strategic Goal: EPA will develop and apply the best available science for
addressing current and future environmental hazards as well as new
approaches toward improving environmental protection.
Resource Summary
(dollars in thousands)
FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 vs.
Enacted Request FY 2002
Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Env.
Risk, and Greater Innovation to Address Env.
Problems
$336,066.9 $327,837,9 ($8,229.0)
Conduct Research for Ecosystem Assessment and
Restoration
$120,594.7 $119,114.6 ($1,480.1)
Improve Scientific Basis to Manage Environmental
Hazards and Exposures
$53,021.7 $56,355.0 $3.333.3
Enhance Capabilities to Respond to Future
Environmental Developments
$62,808.9 $50,965.8 ($11,843.1)
Improve Environmental Systems Management
Quantify Environmental Results of Partnership
Approaches
$57,723.6 $52,274.1 ($5,449.5)
$8,672.7 $9,058.4
$385.7
Incorporate Innovative Approaches
$23,324.5 $29,787.9
$6,463.4
Demonstrate Regional Capability to Assist
Environmental Decision- Making
$6,677.9 $6,591.8
($86.1)
Conduct Peer Review to Improve Agency
Decisions
$3,242.9 $3,690.3
$447.4
Workyears
989.6
996.3
6.7
V1II-1
-------
Goal 8: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental
Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems
Means and Strategy
EPA is continuing to ensure that it is
a source of sound scientific and technical
information, and that it is on the leading
edge of environmental protection
innovations that will allow achievement of
our strategic objectives. The Agency
consults a number of expert sources, both
internally and externally, and uses several
deliberative steps in planning its research
programs. As a starting point, the Agency
draws input from the EPA Strategic Plan,
available research plans, EPA program
offices and Regions, Federal research
partners, and outside peer advisory bodies
such as the Science Advisory Board (SAB).
This input is used internally by cross-office
teams that prioritize research areas using
risk and other factors such as National
Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
research and development priorities, client
office priorities, court orders, and legislative
mandates. EPA's research program
increases our understanding of
environmental processes and our capability
to assess environmental risks to both human
health and ecosystems.
In the area of ecosystem protection
research. EPA will strive to establish
baseline conditions from which changes, and
ultimately trends, in the ecological condition
of the Nation's aquatic ecosystems can be
confidently documented, and from which the
results of environmental management
policies can be evaluated at regional scales.
Currently, there is a patchwork of
monitoring underway in the aquatic systems
of the U.S. Due to differences in objectives,
methods, monitoring designs, and needs.
these data cannot be combined to estimate,
with known confidence, the magnitude or
extent of improvement or degradation
regionally or nationally in this economically
critical resource. Therefore, the ability to
demonstrate success or failure of
increasingly flexible watershed management
policies, regionally and nationally, is also
not possible. EPA's ecosystem protection
research program is providing the methods
and designs to address these weaknesses. In
FY 2003. EPA will produce a report on the
condition of the nation's estuaries. This
report will provide the first integrated,
comprehensive, and statistically valid
national report card on the health of a
specific aquatic resource. This work is an
important step toward providing the
scientific understanding to measure, model.
maintain, and restore the integrity and
sustainability of ecosystems.
In order to improve the scientific
basis for identifying, characleri/ing,
assessing, and managing environmental
exposures that can pose the greatest health
risks to the American public, EPA is
committed to developing and verifying
innovative methods and models for
assessing the susceptibilities of sub-
populations, such as children, to
environmental agents such as pesticides.
Many of the current human health risk
assessment methods, models, and databases
are based on environmental risks for adults.
This research is aimed at enhancing current
risk assessment and management strategies
and guidance to better consider risk
determination needs for children. This
information will be useful in determining
whether children are more susceptible to
environmental risks than adults and how to
assess risks to children.
EPA's leadership role in protecting
both human and ecosystem health requires
that the Agency continue to be vigilant in
VIII-2
-------
Goal 8: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental
Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems
identifying and addressing emerging issues.
EPA will continue to enhance its capabilities
to anticipate, understand, and respond to
future environmental developments. EPA
will address these uncertainties by
conducting research in areas that combine
human health and ecological considerations.
Continued research in the areas of endocrine
disrupting chemicals and mercury is leading
toward the development of improved
methodologies for integrated human health
and environmental risk assessment and
sound approaches for risk management.
EPA will conduct research to enhance its
capacity to evaluate the economic costs and
benefits and other social impacts of
environmental policies. These efforts,
undertaken in concert with other agencies,
will result in improved methods to assess
economic costs and benefits, such as
improved economic assessments of land use
policies and improved assessments for the
valuation of children's health, as well as
other social impacts of environmental
decision-making.
The Agency also seeks to
characterize, prevent, and clean up
contaminants associated with high priority
human health and environmental problems
through the development and verification of
improved environmental tools and
technologies. EPA will incorporate a
holistic approach to pollution prevention by
assessing the interaction of multiple
stressors threatening both human and
environmental health, and by developing
cost-effective responses to those stressors.
Research will also explore the principles
governing sustainable systems and the
integration of social, economic, and
environmental objectives in environmental
assessment and management. Emphasis will
be placed on developing and assessing
preventive approaches for industries and
communities having difficulty meeting
pollution standards. The Agency is
accumulating data on performance and costs
of environmental pollution prevention and
control technologies that will serve as a
basis for EPA, as well as other
organizations, to evaluate and compare
effectiveness and costs of a variety of
technologies developed within and outside
the Agency.
In FY 2003. EPA will improve its
regulatory and policy development process.
The Agency will strengthen the policy
analysis of key regulator) and non-
regulatory actions, improve the economic
analysts underlying Agency actions, and
improve the regulator) and policy action
information management system.
The Agency also seeks to develop
and verify improved tools, methodologies.
and technologies for modeling, measuring,
characterizing, preventing, controlling, and
cleaning up contaminants associated with
high priority human health and
environmental problems. In order to do this,
EPA will develop, evaluate, and deliver
technologies and approaches that eliminate,
minimize, or control high risk pollutants
from multiple sectors. Emphasis will be
placed on preventive approaches for
industries and communities having difficulty
meeting control/emission/effluent standards.
EPA's strategy for solving
environmental problems and improving our
system of environmental protection includes
developing, implementing and insti-
tutionalizing new policy tools, collaborative
community-based and sector-based
strategies, and the capacity to experiment.
test, and disseminate innovative ideas that
VIII-3
-------
Goal 8: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental
Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems
result in better environmental outcomes. In
each area. EPA is looking to advance the
application of the innovative tool or
approach by promoting broader testing and
incorporation into our system of
environmental protection and to support
collaborative partnerships for environmental
management based upon prudent analysis
and decision methodologies. For example,
EPA's Sector Program Plan 2001-2005 sets
forth a vision and specific actions to
enhance the effectiveness of innovative
sector activities (at the Federal and state
levels) and to fully integrate sector
approaches into the Agency's overall
mission and core programs. Similarly, EPA
is strengthening its capacity to evaluate
innovative approaches and make
institutional changes that adopt successful
innovations.
EPA's community-based approach
works to provide integrated assessment tools
and information and direct assistance for
environmental protection in partnership with
local, state, and Tribal governments. The
work focuses on building the capacity of
communities to work effectively at
identifying and solving environmental issues
in ways that support healthy local economies
and improved quality of life.
Sector strategies complement current
EPA activities by allowing the Agency to
approach issues more holistically; tailor
efforts to the particular characteristics of
each sector; identify related groups of
stakeholders with interest in a set of issues;
link EPA's efforts with those of other
agencies; and craft new approaches to
environmental protection. EPA is building
on successful experiences from its current
sector-based programs and sector-based
compliance assistance programs to expand
the ways in which the Agency is working in
partnership with industry sectors to meet
high environmental standards using flexible.
innovative approaches. These programs also
foster the development of innovations at the
industry sector level, testing new regulatory
ideas, technologies, tools, and incentives in
non-adversarial settings. In a somewhat
related effort. EPA is exploring the potential
for broader use of a sector-based regulatory
model for small businesses developed by the
state of Massachusetts.
Highlights
Research for Ecosystem Assessment and
Restoration
In order to balance the growth of
human activity with the need to protect the
environment, it is important to understand
the current condition of ecosystems, what
stressors are changing that condition, what
the effects are of those changes, and what
can be done to prevent, mitigate, or adapt to
those changes. In FY 2003 EPA is
proposing an initiative to refine and extend
the Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program's (EMAP) approach to
the large rivers of the Mississippi River
Basin (the Central Basin). The large rivers
of the Central Basin are the inland receiving
waters for the majority of the Nation's
heartland, and are the link between small
upland streams and the Gulf of Mexico.
Through cooperative programs with the
Regions. States, Tribes, and other Federal
agencies in the Central Basin. EPA proposes
to fill remaining scientific gaps (indicators,
sampling design, and sampling
methodology) currently limiting our ability
to measure the condition of large rivers.
EPA will use this information, along with
that provided by other agencies, to develop
V1II-4
-------
Goal 8: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental
Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems
future baseline assessments of Central Basin
rivers. The approaches and technology
developed within this effort will be
transferred to the many responsible parties
within the Basin to enable coordinated,
scientifically defensible. long-term
monitoring of the condition of these rivers
that can help inform environmental
management decisions affecting these rivers
as well as the Gulf of Mexico, These
approaches and technologies will also have
widespread applicability to all of the
Nation's large rivers. Also in FY 2003, the
National Coastal Assessment (NCA)
program will produce a report on the
condition of the nation's estuaries. This
report will provide the EPA and Congress
with the first integrated, comprehensive, and
statistically valid national report card on the
health of a specific aquatic resource.
Research Jar Human Health Risk
Assessment
To reduce uncertainties in risk
assessment, in FY 2003 human health
research will develop measurements,
methods, and models to evaluate exposures
and effects of environmental contaminants,
particularly in children. The Agency will
continue to support a children's health
research program specifically targeted at
addressing major areas of uncertainty and
susceptibility. In an effort to address
children's exposure in daycare centers and
school environments, HPA is proposing new
research to develop information on
exposure, determinants of exposure for
children in school and daycare
environments, and approaches to reduce
potentially harmful exposures, and to link
these with health outcomes that can be
measured using school health attendance
and performance records. Other children's
research focuses on asthma and data gaps
(e.g., the Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study).
EPA will also conduct research on
the influence of genetic factors on
responsiveness to environmental chemicals.
The main scientific question for this
research is whether genetic differences are
sufficient to influence risk assessment.
Along with the current program designed to
address aggregate and cumulative risks, in
FY 2003 the Agency is proposing increased
efforts to more comprehensively address
these areas. This research is intended to
complement and build on EPA's draft
Human Health Research Strategy. New
research will address temporal variation in
exposures and its influence on health effects,
methods for predicting the relative toxicity
of mixture components, the development of
biological markers that can quantify
exposure, effects and susceptibility, and the
use of the biological data and information on
biological mechanisms and mode of action
to assess cumulative risk.
Research to Enhance
Decision Making,
Environmental
In recent years. EPA has begun to
move beyond environmental regulation to
anticipate and prevent potential problems
before they evolve into major concerns. In
FY 2003, research will focus on improving
our understanding of the impacts of potential
exposure to environmental pollutants,
particularly endocrine disrupting chemicals
(EDCs) and mercury, on human health and
the environment, and on developing
approaches to reduce human health and
ecological risks. This research will result in
accessible and seamless methodologies for
combined human health and ecological risk
VIII-5
-------
Goal 8: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental
Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems
assessments. Additional research results
will include an improved framework for
decision-making, increased ability to
anticipate and perhaps prevent potentially
serious environmental risks, improved
methods for assessing socio-economic
factors, and enhanced communication with
the public and other stakeholders. EPA will
also direct special grant solicitations to
support research at Minority Institutions.
This program specifically assists minority
institutions in establishing and supporting
environmental research activities that would
build capacity to assess and solve
environmental problems. The cumulative
result of EPA research is to provide sound
approaches for risk management to decision
makers, providing them with the integrated
view of risk needed to make intelligent
choices.
Improve Environmental
Systems Management
In FY 2003, the Agency will
continue its systems-based approach to
pollution prevention, which will lead to a
more thorough assessment of human health
and environmental risks and a more
comprehensive management of those risks.
EPA will develop tools and methodologies
to prevent pollution at its source and will
evaluate environmental technologies
through the Environmental Technology
Verification (ETV) Program. Research will
also develop methodologies to better convey
the social, economic, and environmental
costs and benefits of reducing environmental
risks. Additionally, through the National
Environmental Technology Competition
(NETC). EPA will recognize and reward
innovative technologies that produce more
effective and lower cost solutions to
environmental problems. In FY 2003, EPA
plans to develop competitive solicitations
for technologies in various areas of
environmental concern, including arsenic
treatment technologies for small community
drinking water systems. Research efforts
will also focus on the reduction of persistent
bioaccumulative toxics (PBTs) and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). This work will
enhance EPA's ability to mitigate harm
caused by environmental pollutants and will
provide the public and private sectors with
cost-effective environmental technologies.
Regulatory and Policy Development
EPA will improve its
regulatory and policy development process
by strengthening the policy analysis of key
regulator)' and non-regulator)' actions.
improving the economic analysis underlying
Agency actions, and improving the
regulatory and policy action information
management system.
Increased C '(immunity-Based Approaches
Regional Geographic
Initiatives (RGI) are an approach HPA
Regional offices use to partner with states,
local governments, private organizations.
and others to solve environmental problems
that are of particular local concern to the
Regions and States.
Science Advisory Board Peer Review and
Consultations
The Agency will continue to support
the activities, principally peer reviews, of
the SAB. which provides independent
technical advice to Congress and the
Administrator on scientific, engineering, and
economic issues that serve as the
underpinnings for Agency positions, from
VIII-6
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Goal 8: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental
Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems
research direction to regulations. The SAB
helps the Agency to "do the right science"
and to use the results of that science
appropriately and effectively in making
regulatory decisions. In so doing, the SAB
promotes sound science within the Agency
and a wider recognition of the quality of that
science outside the Agency. In this regard,
the SAB is active in consulting with the
Agency on how to incorporate science
appropriately and effectively into the new-
approaches the Agency is using to make
environmental decisions.
20(13 Annual Performance Goals
• In 2003, provide the public with a
reliable and statistically valid
baseline for the condition of the
Nation's estuaries against which to
measure the success of ecosystem
protection and risk management
practices.
In 2003, develop 10 testing protocols
and complete 40 technology
verifications for a cumulative
Environmental Technology Veri-
fication (ETV) program total of 230
to aid industry, states, and consumers
in choosing effective technologies to
protect the public and environment
from high risk pollutants.
In 2003, EPA will direct
enforcement actions to maximize
compliance and address en-
vironmental and human health
problems.
VI1I-7
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Goal 8: Sound Science, Improved Understanding of Environmental
Risk and Greater Innovation to Address Environmental Problems
Goal 8: Sound Science Key Programs
(dollars in thousands)
Coastal Environmental Monitoring
Common Sense Initiative
Congressional ly Mandated Projects
Ecosystems Condition, Protection and Restoration Research
Endocrine Disruptor Research
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program, EMAP
Environmental Technology Verification (ETV)
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Homeland Security*
Human Health Research
Legal Services
Management Services and Stewardship
Performance Track
Regional Geographic Program
Regional Science and Technology
Regulatory Development
Research to Support Emerging Issues
Research to Support FQPA
Research to Support Pollution Prevention
Science Advisory Board
Small Business Ombudsman
STAR Fellowships Program
Superfund Remedial Actions
FY 2002
Enacted
$7.325,3
$1,838.7
$27.468.1
$66,707.9
SI 0,722,4
$32,360.0
53.607,7
SI 5,031.0
$579,6
$47.225.6
$730,5
$2,469.1
SI.834.6
$7.609.2
$3.574.9
S20.803.6
$28,658.5
$ 1,217.0
$37.672.9
$2,887.8
S3.049.1
$9,748.7
$2,944,7
*FY 2002 does not include $175.6 million provided in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for
Homeland Security,
VI11-8
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Goal 9:
A Credible Deterrent to
Pollution and Greater
Compliance with the Law
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Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance
With the Law
Strategic Goal: EPA will ensure full compliance with the laws intended to
protect human health and the environment.
Resource Summary
(dollars in thousands)
FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 vs.
Enacted Request FY 2002
A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater
Compliance with the Law
Increase Compliance Through Enforcement
Promote Compliance Through Incentives and
Assistance
Workyears
$386,539.6 $402,462.9 $15,923.3
$330,771.1 $346,590.5 $15,819.4
$55,768.5 $55,872.4
$103.9
2,442.5 2,330.7 (111.8)
Means and Strategies
Many of the environmental
improvements in this country during the past
30 years can be attributed to a strong set of
environmental laws and EPA's ensuring
compliance with the laws using a variety of
tools including: enforcement, compliance
monitoring, compliance assistance, and
compliance incentives in cooperation with
our regulatory partners.
Due to the breadth and diversity of
private, public, and federal facilities
regulated by EPA under various statutes, the
Agency needs to target its enforcement and
compliance assurance activities strategically
to address the most significant risks to
human health and the environment and to
ensure that certain populations do not bear a
disproportionate environmental burden. A
strong enforcement program identifies
noncompiiance problems, assists the
regulated community in understanding
environmental laws and regulations,
punishes violators, strives to secure a level
economic playing field for law-abiding
companies, and deters future violations.
EPA's continued enforcement efforts will be
strengthened through the development of
measures to assess the impact of
enforcement activities and assist in targeting
areas that pose risks to human health or the
environment, display patterns of non-
compliance and include disproportionately
exposed populations. Further, EPA co-
operates with other nations to enforce and
ensure compliance with environmental
regulations.
IX-1
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Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance
With the Law
The Agency reviews and evaluates
the activities of the regulated community to
determine compliance with applicable laws,
regulations, permit conditions and
settlement agreements and to determine
whether conditions presenting imminent and
substantial endangerment exist. The
majority of workyears devoted to
compliance monitoring are provided to the
regions to conduct investigations and on-site
inspections including monitoring, sampling
and emissions testing. Compliance
monitoring activities are both environmental
media and sector-based. The traditional
media-based inspections compliment those
performed by States and Tribes and are a
key strategy for meeting the long-term and
annual goals established for the air, water,
pesticides, toxic substances, and hazardous
waste environmental goals included in the
EPA Strategic Plan.
The Agency's enforcement and
compliance assurance program uses
compliance assistance and incentive tools to
ensure compliance with regulatory
requirements and reduce adverse public
health and environmental problems. To
achieve compliance, the regulated
community must understand its regulatory
obligations and how to comply with those
obligations. EPA supports the regulated
community by assuring that requirements
are clearly understood and by helping
industry find cost-effective options to
comply through the use of pollution
prevention and innovative technologies.
EPA also enables other assistance providers
(e.g., states, universities) to provide
compliance information to the regulated
community. Maximum compliance requires
the active efforts of the regulated
community to police itself. EPA will
continue to investigate options for
encouraging self-directed audits and
disclosure; measure and evaluate the
effectiveness of Agency programs in
improving compliance rates; provide
information and compliance assistance to
the regulated community; and develop
innovative approaches to meeting
environmental standards through better
communication, cooperative approaches and
application of new technologies.
State, tribal and local governments
bear much of the responsibility for ensuring
compliance, and EPA works in partnership
with them and other Federal agencies to
promote environmental protection. Further,
EPA cooperates with other nations to
enforce and ensure compliance with
environmental regulations. At the Federal
level. EPA addresses its uniquely Federal
responsibilities under the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) by
seeking remedies for potentially adverse
impacts of major actions taken by EPA and
other Federal agencies.
Highlights
En vironmental Enforcement
Coordinating its activities with the
states, EPA will continue to support
deterrence and compliance activities by
focusing its compliance monitoring on site
inspections and investigations. In setting the
compliance and enforcement priorities and
strategic direction of the program, EPA
coordinates its efforts with and solicits the
views of our states partners. The Agency
uses the State/EPA Enforcement Forum as a
vehicle in advancing the coordination of
efforts for joint strategic planning between
EPA and the states.
IX-2
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Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance
With the Law
The Agency will continue to work
with States and Tribes to target areas that
pose risks to human health or the
environment, display patterns of non-
compliance, or include disproportionately
exposed populations. Media-specific and
industry sector-based priorities have been
established for the national program through
the Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance's Memorandum of Agreement
2002/2003 guidance, developed in
conjunction with the Regional offices.
The civil and criminal enforcement
program, in contributing to EPA's goal to
protect public health and the environment,
targets its actions based on health and
environmental risk. The program aims to
level the economic playing field by ensuring
that violators do not realize an economic
benefit from noncompliance and seeks to
deter future violations. In FY 2003, the
Agency's enforcement initiatives include
enforcement of the lead paint rules, and
modernization of its data systems to assist in
targeting compliance and enforcement
efforts.
State, Tribal, and International Capacity
Building
A strong state and tribal enforcement
and compliance assurance presence
contributes to creating deterrence and to
reducing noncompliance. In FY 2003, the
enforcement and compliance assurance
programs will work with and support state
agencies implementing authorized, de-
legated, or approved environmental
programs. Consistent with regulations and
EPA policy, the Agency will provide an
appropriate level of oversight and guidance
to States to ensure that environmental
regulations are fairly and consistently
enforced across the nation.
The Agency provides grant funding,
oversight, training and technical assistance
to States and Tribes. The state and tribal
grant programs are designed to build
environmental partnerships with States and
Tribes and strengthen their ability to address
environmental and public health threats.
These threats include contaminated drinking
water, pesticides in food, hazardous waste,
toxic substances and air pollution.
Meeting its objective of achieving
the benefits of environmental requirements
through an enforcement presence requires
EPA to effectively implement international
commitments for enforcement and com-
pliance cooperation with other countries,
especially those along the U.S. border.
Through such arrangements, EPA works to
reduce environmental risks to U.S. citizens
from external sources of pollution, as well as
to prevent or reduce the impact of pollution
originating in the United States.
Compliance Incentives and Assistance
The Agency will continue to support
the regulated community's compliance with
environmental requirements through
voluntary compliance incentives and
assistance programs. In FY 2003, the
compliance incentives program will
continue to implement the policy on
Incentives for Self-Policing, Small Business
Compliance Policy and Small Communities
Policy as core elements of the enforcement
and compliance assurance program. In
addition, the Agency will provide
information and technical assistance to the
regulated community through the
compliance assistance program to increase
1X-3
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Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance
With the Law
its understanding of statutory and regulatory
environmental requirements, thereby
reducing risk to human health and the
environment and gaining measurable
improvements in compliance. The program
will continue to develop strategies and
compliance assistance tools that will support
initiatives targeted toward improving
compliance in specific industrial and
commercial sectors or with certain
regulatory requirements. The annual
Compliance Assistance Activity Plan
provides information on planned compliance
assistance activities in the upcoming fiscal
year and will serve as a reference for other
assistance providers and the public on
EPA's planned tools and activities. The
Agency will continue to support the sector
based Compliance Assistance Centers,
update the Compliance Clearinghouse,
sponsor a Federal advisory committee on
compliance assistance and will continue to
develop and enhance a platform from which
to launch additional assistance centers.
2003 Annual Performance Goals
In 2003, EPA will direct
enforcement actions to maximize
compliance and address environ-
mental and human health problems.
In 2003, EPA will conduct
inspections, criminal investigations,
and civil investigations targeted to
areas that pose risks to human health
or the environment, display patterns
of non-compliance, or include
disproportionately exposed pop-
ulations.
* In 2003, EPA will provide direct
investigative, forensic, and technical
support to the Office of Homeland
Defense, FBI and /or other federal,
state and local law enforcement
agencies to help detect and prevent,
or respond to, terrorist-related
environmental, biological or
chemical incidents.
In 2003, identify noncompliance, and
focus enforcement and compliance
assurance on human health and
environmental problems, by
maintaining and improving quality
and accuracy of data.
In 2003, improve capacity of states,
localities and Tribes to conduct
enforcement and compliance
programs. EPA will provide training
as well as assistance with state and
tribal inspections to build capacity,
including implementation of the
inspector credentials program for
tribal law enforcement personnel.
In 2003, increase opportunities
through new targeted sector
initiatives for industries to
voluntarily self-disclose and correct
violations on a corporate-wide basis.
In 2003, increase the regulated
community's compliance with
environmental requirements through
their expanded use of compliance
assistance. The Agency will
continue to support small business
compliance assistance centers and
develop compliance assistance tools
such as sector notebooks and
compliance guides.
1X-4
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Goal 9: A Credible Deterrent to Pollution and Greater Compliance
With the Law
Goal 9: Deterrent to Pollution Key Programs
(dollars in thousands)
Capacity Building
Civil Enforcement
Compliance Assistance and Centers
Compliance Incentives
Compliance Monitoring
Criminal Enforcement
Data Management
Enforcement Training
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Homeland Security*
Legal Services
Management Services and Stewardship
ME PA Implementation
RCRA Enforcement State Grants
Regional Management
Sector Grants
State Multimedia Enforcement Grants
State Pesticides Enforcement Grants
State Toxics Enforcement Grants
*FY 2002 dues not include $175, A million provided in she Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for
Homeland SecuritY.
IX-5
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Goal 10:
Effective
Management
-------
-------
Goal 10: Effective Management
Strategic Goal: EPA will maintain the highest-quality standards for
environmental leadership and for effective internal management and fiscal
responsibility by managing for results.
Resource Summary
(dollars in thousands)
FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 vs.
Enacted Request FY 2002
Effective Management
$424,928.0 $460,963.2 $36,035.2
Provide Leadership
$47,207.9 S49.767.0
52,559.1
Manage for Results Through Services, Policies,
and Operations
$186,431.5 $201,462.0 $15,030.5
Provide Quahty Work Environment
$139,327.3 $156,141.5 $16,814.2
Provide Audit, Evaluation, and Investigative
Products and Services
$51,961.4 $53,592.7
$1,631.3
Workyears
1,996.2
1,943.7
(52.5)
Means and Strategy
The Agency will continue to provide
vision, leadership, policy and oversight for
all its programs and partnerships. It will
employ management strategies to advance
the protection of human health and the
environment. Strategies that cut across all
organizational boundaries and are key to
performing the Agency's mission are:
* Developing partnerships with stake-
holders to ensure mutual goals are
met;
* Promoting cost-effective investment
in environmental protection and
public health through sound
stewardship and responsible results-
based management. EPA works to
achieve this goal through keeping
pace with technological change,
meeting accounting standards,
consulting with customers and
stakeholders, and improving delivery
of services;
Providing responsive and account-
table management;
Assessing management challenges
and program risks identified by
Congress, oversight agencies, EPA's
OIG and State and Tribal partners;
X-l
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Goal 10: Effective Management
* Committing to manage human
resources; foster diversity; and work
to secure, develop, empower, and
retain talented people to accomplish
the Agency's environmental mission;
* Investing in core infrastructure that
promote energy efficiency and green
procurement, and maintain a safe,
healthy, and productive work
environment;
• Implementing of streamlined
systems and processes in grants and
contracts/management; and
• Recognizing of the special
vulnerability of children and other
sensitive sub-populations, such as
older Americans, to environmental
risks and facilitating the intensified
commitment to protect children and
the elderly.
EPA will continue to aggressively
implement its action plan in support of the
Agency's Strategy for Human Capital. This
strategy will enable EPA to attract, retain
and further develop a diverse workforce
prepared to meet current and future
challenges. Building on work that began in
1998, EPA's goals for human capital will
focus on implementing a workforce
planning model, completing a
comprehensive pay review, and developing
delivery systems and processes to enhance
the training and development of EPA's
workforce.
In continuing to provide a quality
work environment that is energy conscious
and values employee safety and security, the
Agency will implement repair and
improvement projects at several EPA
facilities. These facilities provide the tools
essential to research innovative solutions for
current and future environmental problems
and enhance our understanding of
environmental risks. In FY 2003, EPA's
goals in this area are aimed at reducing
energy consumption at its facilities by
encouraging the use of new and advanced
technologies and energy savings
performance contracts.
By building on the success of its
integrated planning, budgeting, and
accountability processes and initiatives,
EPA promotes the implementation of the
Government Performance and Results Act
(GPRA) to ensure sound stewardship of
Agency fiscal resources. As part of this
effort, the Agency is improving its
capabilities to use performance data and
other information to make cost-effective
investments for environmental results. EPA
collaborates extensively with partners and
stakeholders to forge the partnerships
required for shared approaches to meeting
the challenges of the GPRA. EPA consults
with internal customers on fiscal
management services to meet their needs for
timeliness, efficiency and quality.
Audit, evaluation, investigative, and
advisory products and services contribute to
effective management by facilitating the
accomplishment of the Agency's mission.
Specifically, audits, evaluations, and
advisory services lead to improved
economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in
EPA business practices and assist in the
accomplishment of environmental goals.
Investigations detect and deter fraud and
other improprieties which can undermine the
integrity of EPA programs and resources.
All Office of Inspector General work is
focused on the anticipated value it will have
on influencing resolution of the Agency's
major management challenges, reducing
X-2
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Goal 10: Effective Management
risk, improving management and program
operations, and saving taxpayer dollars
while leading to the attainment of EPA's
strategic goals.
The Agency will continue its
commitment to protect children's health by
targeting resources towards activities that
will assure that the decisions and actions
taken by the Agency consider risks to
children, including working to develop
sound scientific information to provide the
basis for these decisions and actions. The
Agency will also provide policy direction
and guidance on equal employment
opportunity and civil rights. The Agency's
Administrative Law Judges and its
Environmental Appeals Board Judges will
issue decisions on administrative complaints
and environmental adjudications,
respectively, in a timely manner.
Highlights
EPA's efforts to meet what has been
called the "Federal human resources en sis"
has led to the development of a human
resources strategic plan entitled Investing in
Our People, EPA's Strategy for Human
Capital, The Agency is committed to
improve recruitment of individuals with
mission-critical scientific and technical
skills; to enhance training and development
of senior executives and managers; and to
improve retention of a diverse and high
performing workforce. Several components
of EPA's human capital strategy are
currently underway or in development and
include the EPA Intern Program; the Mid-
level Development Program; the
Management Development Program; and the
SES Candidate Development Program. In
FY 2003, the EPA will link these efforts to
the Agency's strategic goals through
completion of a comprehensive workforce
planning model. Combined, these efforts
will provide a comprehensive and dynamic
approach to identifying, managing and
developing the skills and competencies of
EPA's future workforce.
The Agency continues to strengthen
pre-award and post-award management of
assistance agreements, and continues its
transition toward electronic execution of
grants. In addition, EPA will increase the
number of contracts that are performance-
based and will improve electronic commerce
by providing electronic communication and
contract management between EPA program
offices and EPA contractors through the use
of EPA's Program Office Interface System.
Agency management provides
vision, leadership, and conducts policy
oversight for all Agency programs. Sound
management principles, practices, results-
based planning and budgeting, fiscal
accountability, quality customer service,
rational policy guidance and careful
stewardship of our resources are the
foundation for everything EPA does to
advance the protection of human health and
the environment. The effectiveness of EPA's
management will determine, in large
measure, how successful we will be in
pursuit of the other goals identified in the
Agency's annual plan.
In FY 2003, EPA will build on its
progress in linking resources to
environmental results through goal-based
fiscal resource management. The Agency
will provide more useful cost accounting
information for environmental decision
making. EPA will make continued progress
in assessing the environmental results of its
program activities. Highlights of expected
Agency FY 2003 achievements'in effective
management are:
X-3
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Goal 10: Effective Management
• Expand Agency and State partner
capacity to manage for results
through support for the improvement
of the quality and use of performance
measures.
• Meet new Federal requirements for
timely financial information and
maintenance of a clean audit opinion
on the Agency's financial statements
to demonstrate the highest caliber of
resource stewardship and the
credibility and reliability of Agency
financial information.
• Continue efforts to provide decision-
makers with integrated cost and
performance information to support
results-based management and
progress on environmental priorities.
FY 2003 efforts will focus on:
• completing the implementation
plan for a new payroll system
that will reduce costs and
burdens,
• making recommendations for
replacing EPA's integrated
financial management system,
• further developing desk-top
access to key cost accounting and
performance information.
The Office of the Inspector General
will conduct and supervise independent and
objective audits, evaluations, and
investigations relating to Agency
management and program operations, and
will provide advisory and assistance
services. The OJG will also review and
make recommendations regarding existing
and proposed legislation and regulations
impacting the Agency. In addition, program
evaluations/audits and four other types of
audits will be conducted: contract, assistance
agreement, financial statement, and systems
audits. Four types of investigations will be
performed: program integrity, assistance
agreement, contract and procurement, and
employee integrity. The OIG Computer
Crimes Unit will conduct investigations of
computer intrusions, support the OIG and
Agency personnel as a Penetration Testing
Laboratory, and provide a Forensics
Laboratory to assist with OIG investigations.
Combined, these activities promote
economy, efficiency, and effectiveness
within the Agency, prevent and detect fraud,
waste, and abuse, and contribute to
improved environmental quality and human
health. The OIG will keep the EPA
Administrator and Congress fully informed
of problems and deficiencies identified in
Agency programs and operations and the
necessity for corrective actions.
In FY 2003, the OIG will also
receive, analyze, and facilitate the resolution
of citizen's complaints regarding Agency
programs and activities, as part of the
Ombudsman function. The Ombudsman
performs the OIG Hotline function, and is
responsible for the review of public
complaints about Agency programs and
activities.
The Agency's building operations
and new construction budget ensure a
healthy, safe and secure work environment
for its employees and integrates energy
conservation, green procurement, and state-
of-the-art technology into its daily activities.
In FY 2003, the Agency will expand its
focus on improving EPA's infrastructure by
implementing repair, improvement and
energy conservation projects at several EPA
facilities. These facilities provide the tools
essential for researching innovative
solutions to current and future
X-4
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Goal 10: Effective Management
environmental problems and for enhancing
our understanding of environmental risks.
In FY 2003 the Agency will also
respond to an increased need to provide a
secure working environment for all its
employees. The EPA is undertaking a
comprehensive security assessment of all
EPA facilities nationwide. EPA will
upgrade existing interior and exterior
security features as necessary, and will
provide a more comprehensive and better-
equipped security force.
EPA will continue its commitment to
protect children's health. The Agency will
direct resources toward the programs that
reduce risks to children from a range of
environmental hazards. In FY2003, the
Agency will develop Comprehensive School
Environmental Health Guidelines. The
Agency will continue to work to decrease
the frequency and severity of asthma attacks
in children through reduction and avoidance
of key asthma triggers, including
environmental tobacco smoke, prevalent
indoor allergens and ambient air pollution.
The Agency will continue efforts to reduce
children's exposure to lead, particularly in
low income minority neighborhoods, where
children living in older housing are much
more likely to be exposed to lead.
Additionally, the Office of Children's
Health Protection will launch a new
initiative to improve the Agency's base of
knowledge regarding the link between
environmental exposure and senior citizens'
health through an analysis of the issues, and
in consultation with EPA Programs and the
Department of Health and Human Services,
will develop a draft action strategy, detailing
research needs and other actions that are
necessary to safeguard elders from adverse
health effects from environmental threats.
2003 Annual Performance Goals
In 2003, strengthen EPA's
management services in support of
the Agency's mission while
addressing the challenges included in
the President's Management Agenda
• In 2003, improve environmental
quality and human health by
recommending 75 improvements
across Agency environmental goals,
identifying and recommending
solutions to reduce 20 of the highest
environmental risks, and identifying
20 best environmental practices.
X-5
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Goal 10: Effective Management
Goal 10: Effective Management Key Programs
(dollars in thousands)
Administrative Law
Assistance Agreement Audits
Assistance Agreement Investigations
Brown fields
Childrcns Health, Program Development and Coordination
Civil Rights/Title VI Compliance
Contract and Procurement Investigations
Contract Audits
Employee Integrity Investigations
Environmental Appeals Boards
Environmental Finance Center Grants (EFC)
Executive Support
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Financial Statement Audits
Homeland Security*
Immediate Office of the Administrator
Intergovernmental Relations-OA
Investigations
Legal Services
Management Services and Stewardship
Planning and Resource Management
Planning. Analysis, and Results - IG
Program Audits
Program Evaluation - IG
Program Evaluations/Audit
Program Integrity Investigations
Public Access
Regional Management
Regional Program Infrastructure
Regulatory Development
Supcrfund Remedial Actions
*FY 2002 does not include SI 75.6 mil/ion provided in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for
Homeland Securitr,
X-6
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Additional
Information
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Homeland Security
Introduction
EPA played a critical role in
responding to the September 11, 2001
attacks at the World Trade Center in New
York City and the Pentagon, At the World
Trade Center, the Agency aided in debris
removal from Ground Zero, combined
efforts with Occupational Health and Safety
Administration and the New York City
Department of Health to monitor worker
exposure to contaminated dust and
paniculate matter, and coordinated with the
New York City Department of
Environmental Protection to sample
drinking water and ambient air quality.
Similar monitoring efforts were conducted
at the Pentagon crash site. At the Senate
Hart Office Building in Washington, D.C.,
EPA worked with the Sergeant at Arms,
who served as the lead during the Anthrax
decontamination process, which was
successfully completed in January 2002.
EPA recognizes that establishing
comprehensive homeland security does not
end with the conclusion of cleanup efforts in
New York and Washington, DC. In FY
2002 and FY 2003 the Agency will be
investing over $300 million for preparedness
and response activities.
FY 2001/2002 Immediate Response
Immediately following the
September 11, 2001 attack at the World
Trade Center (WTC) in New York City.
EPA entered into the first in a series of
Mission Assignments with the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
for response work at Ground Zero. By the
end of December, the Mission Assignments
totaled $42.6 million. Subsequent to
December 31, FEMA transferred an
additional S52.7 million to EPA via Inter-
Agency Agreements to continue the work
through mid-2002, making the total amount
$95.3 million. EPA's assignments included:
• Implementation of personnel and
equipment decontamination opera-
tions for thousands of on-site workers;
• Conducting continuous air and water
sampling in and around the WTC site;
« Conducting asbestos sampling,
radiological monitoring and waste
categorization monitoring at the Staten
Island Landfill:
* Vacuum cleaning of sidewalks, streets,
and buildings in the WTC area.
These operations have been
continually maintained since September 11.
2001, under the overall management of
Region 2's Superfund response program and
supported by the East Coast Environmental
Response Team, as well as staff and
management from EPA's other nine
Regional offices.
EPA criminal investigators also
assisted the FBI and other local and Federal
law enforcement organizations at the WTC
site. Agency staff aided in the collection of
crime scene evidence, photographic
documentation, and related investigative
duties.
At the Pentagon crash site, EPA
emergency responders worked with the FBI
and the Department of Defense from
September 11 through September 29, 2001
to collect air, water, and debris samples to
ensure the safety of response personnel.
Pentagon employees, and nearby residents.
The Agency's air monitoring did not detect
any pollutants from the fires and building
debris. EPA sampling also indicated that
there was no threat of drinking water
contamination. EPA criminal investigator
XI-
-------
Homeland Security
staff provided the FBI with crime scene
investigative support in the areas of body
recovery, evidence collection, and assistance
at the morgue.
EPA's homeland security emergency
response efforts entered a new phase in
October 2001. beginning with the discover)'
of Anthrax in Florida. The Agency
responded to private sites, the U.S. Postal
Service (USPS) and other government
agency sites, and the Capitol Hill complex.
The Superfund emergency response program
has provided the personnel, equipment and
contractors to provide assessment, technical
assistance and remediation services
according to the needs of each site. Through
the end of January 2002, EPA has obligated
over $20 million for Anthrax cleanup at the
Capitol Hill complex.
EPA's criminal investigations
program provided direct investigative and
forensic assistance to the FBI, Capitol
Police, Sergeant at Arms, Senate Director of
Security, and the Senate Select Intelligence
Committee. Activities included documenting
and gathering crime scene evidence,
removing suspected contaminated mail from
several Capitol Hill facilities, examining
mail to obtain additional evidence, and
environmental sampling of hot zones on the
5th and 6th floors of the Hart Building and
several other locations. EPA's criminal
program is continuing to provide criminal
investigative and technical support to the
FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Forces and the
Attorney General's Anti-Terrorism Task
Forces across the country.
FY 2002 Emergency Supplemental
Appropriation
The 2002 Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act provided $175.6 million
to EPA. The Agency allocated these
resources to address the most important
priorities, described below.
In the President's request to
Congress, following the attacks on the
World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the
security of Federal facilities was highlighted
as an imperative issue, A total of $30
million was provided to assess the security
needs at EPA buildings and laboratories and
mitigate those to the extent possible.
Investments include, but are not limited to:
additional contract guards, cameras. X-ray
machines, blast resistant glass, closed circuit
TVs, locks, and motorized gates.
The nation's water supply is one of
our most vital natural resources. Potential
threats to this resource include
contamination with biological, chemical, or
radiological agents; destruction of physical
infrastructure; and disruption of electrical
and computer systems. EPA will invest
S88.8 million to support enhancement of
security at the nation's drinking water
systems. S79.8 million will be used to direct
grants to the largest drinking water systems
to carry out vulnerability systems and
enhance emergency response plans, to
provide technical assistance on vulnerability
assessments and emergency response plans
to small and medium drinking water
systems, and to further refine security-
related detection, monitoring, and treatment
tools. In FY 2002 EPA will invest $4
million in accelerating the development and
testing of counter terrorism tools, supporting
training for the development of vulnerability
assessments, providing technical assistance,
and conducting research on redesign and
detection of collection and treatment
systems, and testing and implementation of
mis research. In addition, the Agency will
provide $5 million to the states to support
XI-2
-------
Homeland Security
homeland security coordination work in
conjunction with EPA and drinking water
utilities to implement homeland security
activities. EPA will also develop tools and
training for medium and small drinking
water utilities to assess vulnerabilities and
develop appropriate emergency response
plans.
Any major terrorist incident, whether
involving explosives, conventional
hazardous materials or radiological,
chemical or biological agents necessitates an
EPA response. This includes first assessing
the risks to public health, the environment,
and response workers; second, managing
and mitigating the hazards of residual
contamination; and third, conducting
assessments of the adequacy of the response
sufficient to allay the concerns of the public
who will re-occupy the affected area. The
ability to effectively execute these tasks is
crucial in providing homeland security.
Creating a West Coast Environmental
Response Team (ERT) will enable the
Agency to respond more rapidly to an event
beyond the immediate reach of EPA's
current dedicated response team based in
New Jersey. The Agency will also use
Supplemental resources to enhance
preparedness and response effectiveness
within each EPA Regional office, fortify the
East Coast ERT, and increase Headquarters
support. Specific investments include
equipment (breathing apparatus, chemical
agent monitors, field analytical and
communications equipment, etc.); training
and exercises for EPA responders and On-
Scene Coordinators; participation in inter-
agency events with the Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI), FEMA, and others; pre-
deployment of security at national events,
such as the 2002 Winter Olympics and
IMF/World Bank meetings; and
coordination with states and local
communities to include homeland security
preparedness in their emergency planning
programs.
EPA worked to clean up the Hart
Senate Office Building from anthrax
contamination, while also assisting at the
Brentwood facility in Washington, DC and
the AMI building in Florida. Staff provided
direct investigative and forensic assistance
to the FBI and Capitol Police, bringing the
Agency's subject matter expertise to bear on
the gathering of potential crime scene
evidence; removal and examination of
suspected contaminated mail from several
Capitol Hill facilities; and environmental
sampling of hot zones in the Hart Building.
The 2002 Emergency Supplemental
Appropriation Act provided resources for
EPA's cleanup efforts, as well as funds to
hire and train additional criminal
investigators.
The 2002 Emergency Supplemental
Appropriation Act also provides funds to
initiate research and development activities
in support of homeland security needs. With
these resources EPA will develop a unique
pathological suite at its Cincinnati lab
capable of sampling and evaluating Anthrax
and other biological agents. In addition,
EPA will use these resources to evaluate the
performance of drinking water treatment
systems for their ability to cost effectively
remove inactivate biological and chemical
warfare agents. Finally, these increased
resources will provide scientifically based
data to assist in selecting effective
technologies to destroy chemical and
biological contaminants on surfaces and in
buildings.
At present, there are no registered
pesticide products for killing anthrax.
Accordingly, EPA expects an upsurge in
XI-3
-------
Homeland Security
requests to market new antimicrobial
products many of which mum be tested on
an expedited basis for homeland defense.
To prepare for such reviews, EPA will be
focusing on chemicals that can combat other
microbes, both professional decontamination
products and some clinical/household
disinfectants that may be effective against
multiple biological terrorism threats. The
Agency will be reviewing requests to market
new anthrax and other microbe-killing
pesticides.
EPA will deal with potential
homeland security problems from misuse of
industrial chemicals, by accelerating work in
detecting and analyzing the impact of
potential threats from exposure to toxic
industrial chemicals. Additional information
needed to determine the risks to human
health from short-term exposures to acutely
toxic chemicals will be developed, and
subsequently disseminated through the 50
State Emergency Response Commissions
(SERCs) to more than 3,500 Local
Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs).
Preserving and protecting the quality
of air is a critical aspect of ensuring
homeland security. EPA's monitoring
efforts at the World Trade Center site
illustrate the importance of monitoring
ambient air and indoor air. Resources will
be used to: purchase field equipment that
enables the Agency to screen for
contamination, collect samples, ensure
protection of response personnel, and inform
the public. In addition, EPA will invest in
mobile assets, such as sample preparation
trailers, mobile radioanalytical labs, and
liquid scintillation counters. The Agency
will provide training to new laboratory and
headquarters support personnel and facilitate
coordination efforts with other agencies.
The attacks of September 11, 2001,
directly affected EPA personnel in the New
York area. Information technology and
communication equipment in the Agency's
downtown Manhattan office was destroyed
or damaged; the building was closed for
several weeks: and staff were relocated to an
EPA facility in Edison, New Jersey. A
portion of the Supplemental Appropriation
will be used to reimburse costs of replacing
and maintaining equipment at this location.
With regards to public access and
environmental information, EPA will use
resources to provide environmental updates
on environmental data to the Agency's web-
site regarding cleanup efforts at the World
Trade Center.
FY 2003 President's Request
The President's FY 2003 request
includes $19 million to continue security
upgrades of EPA facilities and maintain the
increased contract guards that were initiated
with funds from the 2002 Emergency
Supplemental Appropriation. This invest-
ment sustains the Administration's
commitment in preserving a safe and healthy
work environment for all Federal
employees.
Building on its 2002 investments, the
Agency requests $16,9 million to conduct
additional drinking water vulnerability
assessments for small and medium-sized
systems, and $5 million in grants to states to
support homeland security coordination
EPA will continue to operate the
West Coast ERT in FY 2003. The
President's request includes $5.5 million for
the maintenance of this program. An
additional S7.7 million is also being
requested to upgrade EPA response
capabilities.
XI-4
-------
Homeland Security
In FY 2003, EPA i investing $3.8
million for special agents who will provide
environmental crimes expertise to the FBI's
Joint Terrorism Task Forces and the
Department of Justice's Anti-Terrorism
Task Forces. Personnel will also form five
National Counter Terrorism Response
Teams to coordinate with FBI field offices,
perform protection duty services for the
Administrator's Office, and proved on-site
investigative support for designated National
Security Special Events. Additionally,
experts at the National Enforcement
Investigations Center will respond with
technical support in the event of a hazardous
chemical release intended to threaten
homeland security.
One of EPA's ten goals is to provide
the public with quality environmental
information. In FY 2003, the Agency will
invest $0.5 million to enhance outreach and
ensure that the American people are kept
informed on the issues of homeland security
and the environment.
The FY 2003 President's Budget
requests an additional $75 million to
conduct research on better technologies and
assessments to cleanup buildings
contaminated by biological and chemical
agents. These efforts will include the
transfer of technologies and guidance on
decontamination processes, evaluation of
existing and new cleanup and detection
technologies, development of risk
assessment methodologies, and production
of rapid decontamination techniques and
technologies. The incidents in Florida, New
York, and Washington, DC illustrate the
potential use of biological and chemical
agents as deadly weapons. Through these
research efforts, EPA will work to achieve a
higher degree of preparedness which will
strengthen Federal response efforts.
XI-5
-------
Homeland Security
U.S. Environmental Protection
FY 2002/2003
Homeland Security
(dollars in
Goal
Objective
Appropriation
Clean Air
Attain NAAQS
EPM
S&T
Reduce Air Toxics Risk
S&T
Clean and Safe Wafer
Safe Drinking Water
S&T
STAG
Reduce Loadings
EPM
Safe Food
Reduce Risk
EPM
Elim. Pesticide Use on !'•
EPM
S&T
'revcnting Pollution
Reduce Pests Risks
EPM
Reduce Risks from Lead
EPM
Manage New Chemical
EPM
FY 2002
Base
Resources
$874,0
$520.5
$0.0
$520.5
S353.5
S353.5
53,764.1
$3.264.1
$3.264.1
SO.O
S500.0
$500.0
SI 4,0
SO.O
SO.O
ood $14.0
$0,0
$14.0
SO.O
SO.O
SO.O
SO.O
$0.0
SO.O
SO.O
FY 2002
FTE
9.2
6.9
0.0
6.9
2.3
2.3
12.0
12.0
12.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
thousands)
FY 2002
Supplemental
Resources
S600.0
S600.0
S600.0
SO.O
SO.O
SO.O
$8S,794,0
$87.794.0
$82.794.0
S5.000.0
$ 1 .000.0
SI. 000.0
$1,465.4
$602.6
$602.6
$862.8
$862.8
$0.0
$1,734.6
$482.4
$482.4
SI 50.0
$150.0
$1.102.2
SI. 102.2
Agency
Summary
FY 2002
Supplemental
FTE
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
10.0
1 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
1.4
1.4
1,3
1.3
0.0
3.3
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.3
FY 2003
Base
Resource
Request
SO.O
SO.O
SO.O
$0.0
SO.O
SO.O
SI, 946.5
$ 1 .946.5
$1 .946.5
$0.0
SO.O
SO.O
SO.O
SO.O
SO.O
SO.O
SO.O
$0.0
SO.O
SO.O
SO.O
$0.0
SO.O
$0.0
SO.O
FY 2003
President's
Budget
Investments
SO.O
SO.O
SO.O
$0.0
$0.0
$().()
$20,000.0
$20,000.0
$15,000,0
$5,000.1
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
. SO.O
SO.O
$0.0
SO.O
SO.fl
SO.O
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
SO.fl
XI-6
-------
Homeland Security
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2002/2003 Homeland Security Summary
(dollars in
Goal
Objective
Appropriation
Better Waste Management
Control Risks
EPM
Superfund
Regulate Facilities
S&T
Quality Environmental info
Increase Availability
EPM
Provide Access
EPM
S&T
Improve Agency Info
EPM
Superfund
Sound Science
Conduct Research
S&T
Improve Scientific Basis
S&T
Enhance Capabilities
S&T
Improve Environmental
S&T
Superfund
FY 2002
Base
Resources
$3,192,4
S3, 185. 4
$0.0
53,185.4
$7.0
$7.0
$607.8
$600.8
$600.8
S7.0
$0,0
$7.0
$0.0
$0.0
so.o
§579.6
$65.5
S65.5
$360.1
$360.1
$147.0
$147.0
$7.0
$7.0
$0.0
FY 2002
FTE
12.1
12.0
0,0
12.0
O.I
O.I
5.0
4,9
4.9
0.1
0.0
O.I
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.9
0.9
1.9
1.9
2.1
2,1
0,1
O.I
0,0
thousands)
FY 2002
(continued)
FY 2002
Supplemental Supplemental
Resources
§42,300.0
$42, 300.0
$3.300,0
$39.000.0
$0.0
$0.0
S2,181.5
$0.0
$0.0
$253.1
$253.1
$0.0
$1,928.4
$1.028.4
$900.0
SI, 474.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
SO.O
$1.440.6
$1.440.6
$33.4
$33.4
$0.0
FTE
80.0
80,0
5.0
75.0
0,0
0.0
6.0
0,0
0.0
3.0
3.0
0,0
3.0
3.0
0.0
2,0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
FY 2003
Base
Resource
Request
$3,185.4
$3.1H5,4
SO.O
S3. 1 85. 4
SO.O
$0.0
S473.3
$473,3
$473.3
$0.0
$0.0
$0,0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
SO.O
$0.0
SO.O
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
SO.O
$0.0
SO.O
$0.0
FY 2003
President's
Budget
Investments
$83,125.0
$83,125.0
$0.0
S83. 125.0
$0.0
$0.0
SO.O
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
SO.O
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
SO.O
§1,875.0
$0.0
$0,0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0,0
SI. 875.0
$0,0
$1,875.0
XI-7
-------
Homeland Security
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(dollars in
Goal
Objective
Appropriation
Credible Deterrent
Increase Compliance
EPM
Superfund
Promote Compliance
Superfund
Effective Management
Provide Quality Work Env.
EPM
S&T
B&F
Total
Note: Table docs not include
FY 2002
Base
Resources
$3,457.3
$2.715.5
S2.7I5.5
$0.0
S741.8
S741.8
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0,0
$0.0
$12,489.2
FY 2002
FTE
30.0
24.0
24.0
0.0
6.0
6.0
fl.O
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
73.5
thousands)
FY 2002
Supplemental
Resources
S7,010.5
$7,010.5
$5.618.5
$1.392.0
$0.0
$0.0
$30,040.0
$30.040.0
$24,000.0
$6,040.0
$0.0
$1 75,600.0
FY 2002
Supplemental
FTE
50.0
50.0
40.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
0.0
0,0
157.0
FY 2003
Base
Resource
Request
$3,807.0
$3.807.0
$3.036.3
$770.7
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
so.o
$0,0
$0.0
$0.0
§9,412.2
FY 2003
President's
Budget
Investments
SO.O
SO.O
so.o
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$19,000.0
$19,000.0
$6.000.0
$1,500.0
$11,500.0
SI 24,000.0
FEMA reimbursable resources
XI-8
-------
Categorical Grants Program
(dollars in millions)
$1.158
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
In 2003, the President's Budget
requests a total of $1,158.3 million for 23
"categorical" program grants for state and
tribal governments. This is an increase of
$83.9 million over 2002. EPA will
continue to pursue its strategy of building
and supporting state, local and tribal
capacity to implement, operate, and enforce
the Nation's environmental laws. Most
environmental laws envision establishment
of a decentralized nationwide structure to
protect public health and the environment.
In this way, environmental goals will
ultimately be achieved through the actions,
programs, and commitments of state, tribal
and local governments, organizations and
citizens.
In 2003. EPA will continue to offer
more flexibility to state and tribal
governments to manage their environmental
programs as well as provide technical and
financial assistance to achieve mutual
environmental goals. First, EPA and its
state and tribal partners will continue
implementing the National Environmental
Performance Partnership System (NEPPS).
NEPPS is designed to allow states more
flexibility to operate their programs, while
increasing emphasis on measuring and
reporting environmental improvements.
XI1-1
-------
Categorical Grants Program
Second, Performance Partnership Grants
(PPGs) will continue to allow states and
tribes funding flexibility to combine
categorical program grants to address
environmental priorities.
Highlights
Enforcement State Grants
In 2003, the President's Budget
includes a new $15.0 million grant program.
This reflects a shift in emphasis for
enforcement from Federal to State levels for
those programs already delegated to the
States. This shift creates a new grant
program for States and tribes that will bring
enforcement closer to the entity being
regulated. EPA will offer media specific
and multi-media funding to states and tribes
for compliance assurance activities
including compliance assistance and
incentives, inspections, and enforcement
actions.
National Environmental
Exchange Network
Information
In 2003, the President's Budget
requests $25.0 million to continue a grant
program, started in 2002. that will provide
states and tribes assistance to develop the
National Environmental Information
Exchange Network (NEIEN). This grant
program will build on work currently
underway in several states and assist states
and tribes in evaluating their readiness to
participate in NEIEN. Funds will also
support state and tribal efforts to complete
necessary changes to their information
management systems to facilitate
participation, and enhance state information
integration efforts. NEIEN will improve
environmental decision making, improve
data quality and accuracy, ensure security of
sensitive data, and reduce the burden on
those who provide and those who access
information,
Brownfields State Grants
In 2003, in support of recently
enacted Brownfields legislation, the
President's Budget requests $50.0 million to
launch a new brownfields grant program that
will provide states and tribes assistance to
establish or enhance their response program.
The new program will also permit the
recipients to capitalize revolving loan funds:
purchase insurance or develop a risk sharing
pool, an indemnity pool, or an insurance
mechanism to provide financing lor
response actions under a state response
program.
Indian General Assistance Program Grants
In 2003, the President's Budget
requests $57.5 million for the Indian
General Assistance Program (GAP). This is
an increase of $5.0 million over 2002. This
increase supports the goal of establishing a
minimum environmental presence for all
Federally recognized Tribes and inter-tribal
consortia.
Counter Terrorism Grants
In 2003. the President's Budget
requests $5.0 million for counter terrorism
grants to support states* efforts to work with
utilities to develop and enhance emergency
operations plans; conduct training in the
implementation of remedial plans in small
systems; and, develop detection, monitoring
and treatment technology to enhance
security at utilities.
XII-2
-------
Categorical Grants Program
Elimination of Tribal Cap on Non-Point
Sources
In 2003, the President's Budget is
proposing to eliminate the statutory one-
third-of-one-percent cap on Clean Water Act
Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution
grants that may be awarded to tribes. Tribes
applying for and receiving Section 319
grants have steadily increased from two in
1991 to over 70 in 2001. This number is
expected to increase annually as more
federally recognized Tribes with significant
NPS pollution problems become eligible to
participate in the 319(h) program. This
proposal recognizes the increasing demand
for resources to address tribal nonpoint
source program needs.
XII-3
-------
Categorical Grants Program
CATEGORIAL PROGRAM GRANTS
by National Program
(dollars
Grant
Air & Radiation
State and Local Assistance
Tribal Assistance
Radon
Water
Pollution Control (Section 106}
Beaches Prelection
Counter- Terrorism
Nonpoint Source (Section 319)
Wetlands Program Development
Water Quality Cooperative Agrmts
Drinking Water
Public Water System Supervision (PWSS!
Underground Injection Control (UIC)
Hazardous Waste
H.W. Financial Assistance
Brownfields
Underground Storage Tanks
Pesticides & Toxics
Pesticides Program Implementation
Lead
Toxic Substances Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement
Multimedia
Environmental Information
Enforcement State Grants
Pollution Prevention
Enforcement & Compliance Assurance
Indian General Assistance Program
TOTALS
(STAG)
Manager and State Grant
in thousands)
FY 2001
Enacted
$208,540.1
SI 1.044.5
$8.139.9
$227.724.5
S 171, 883.3
$0.0
$0,0
$237,476.8
SI 4,967.0
$18.958.2
S443.285.3
$93.100.2
$10.950.9
$104,051.1
SI 06.363. 6
so.o
S! 1,918.4
SI 1 8,282.0
$13.085,5
513,682.0
$5.138.8
$19,867.9
$51.774.2
SO.O
$0.0
$5,986.3
$2.209.3
$52,469.7
$60.665.3
SI, 005,782.4
FY 2002
Enacted
$221.540.1
$ 1 1 ,044.5
$JJ39,9
$240,724.5
$192,476.9
$10,000.0
so.o
$237,476.8
$14,967.0
$18.958.2
$473,878.9
$93.100.2
$10,950.9
$104,051.1
$106,363.6
$0.0
$11,918.4
$118,282.0
$13,085.5
$13,682.0
S5. 138.8
SI 9.867.8
$51,774.1
$25,000.0
$0.0
$5.986.3
$2,209.3
$52,469.7
$85,665.3
$1,074376.0
FY 21)01 Enacted includes 0.22% rescission: FY 2002 does not include funding provided in the
FY 2003
President's
Budget
$221,540.1
$11,044.5
$8,139.9
$240,724.5
$180.376.9
$10.000.0
$5,000.0
$238,476.8
$14.967.0
$38,958.2
$487.778.9
S93, 100.2
$10.950.9
$104,051.1
$106,363.6
$50.000.0
$11,918.4
$168,282.0
$13,085.5
$13,682.0
$5,138.8
SI 9.867.8
$51,774.1
$25,000.0
$15,000.0
S5.986.3
$2,209.3
$57,469.7
$105,665.3
$1,158,276,0
tmergencv
Supplemental Appropriations Act for Homeland Security.
XII-4
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Infrastructure Financing
(dollars in millions)
FY 2002
Infrastructure Financing
Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF)
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF)
Mexican Border Projects
Alaska Native Villages
Special Needs Projects
Targeted Projects
Brownfields Infrastructure Projects
Total
Enacted
$1,350.0
$850.0
$75,0
S40.0
$343,9
SO
$2,658.9
FY 20032
President's
Budget
$1,212.0
$850.0
$75.0
$40.0
$0
$8.0
$120.5
$2,305.5
Infrastructure Funds
The President's Budget requests a
total of $2,305.5 million in 2003 for EPA's
Infrastructure programs, a decrease of
$353.4 million from 2002. Of the total
infrastructure request, $2,102.0 million will
support EPA's Goal 2: Clean and Safe
Water, $128.5 million will support EPA's
Goal 5: Better Waste Management, and
$75.0 million will support EPA's Goal 6:
Reduction of Global and Cross-border
Environmental Risks. The $353.4 million
decrease is the net result of an increase of
$120.5 million for the new Brownfields
Infrastructure Projects; an increase of $8.0
million in Targeted Projects for the
Homestake Mine; a $138.0 million decrease
in the Clean Water State Revolving Fund
(CWSRF) program; and a S343.9 million
reduction in 2002 Congressional earmarks.
The resources requested in this
budget will enable the Agency, in
conjunction with EPA's state, local, and
tribal partners, to achieve several important
goals for 2003. Some of these goals
include:
* 92 percent of the population served
by community water systems will
receive drinking water meeting all
health-based standards, in effect as
of 1994, up from 83% in 1994.
* Provide additional site assessment
funding to 74 new sites, and to 52
existing sites, resulting in a
cumulative total of 3,350 properties
assessed, the generation of 21,300
jobs, and the leveraging of $5.0
billion in cleanup and redevelopment
funds since 1995.
XI11-1
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Infrastructure Financing
Infrastructure funding under the
State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
appropriation provides financial assistance
to states, municipalities and tribal
governments to fund a variety of drinking
water, waste water, and Brown fields
infrastructure projects. These funds are
essential to fulfill the Federal government's
commitment to help our state, tribal and
local partners obtain adequate funding to
construct the facilities required to comply
with federal environmental requirements and
ensure public health and revitalize
contaminated properties.
Providing STAG funds through State
Revolving Fund (SRF) programs, EPA
works in partnership with the states to
provide low-cost loans to municipalities for
infrastructure construction, SRF funds are
also provided as grants to tribal governments
to help them address their drinking water
and wastewater needs. The Brownfields
Infrastructure Program provides states,
tribes, political subdivisions (including
cities, towns, and counties) the necessary
tools, information, and strategies for
promoting a unified approach to
environmental assessment cleanup,
characterization, and redevelopment at sites
contaminated with hazardous wastes and
petroleum contaminants.
Goal 2: Enhancing Human Health
through Clean and Safe Water
Capitalizing Clean Water and Drinking
Water State Revolving Funds
The Clean Water and Drinking
Water State Revolving Fund programs
demonstrate a true partnership between
states, localities and the Federal
government. These programs provide
Federal financial assistance to states.
localities, and tribal governments to protect
the nation's water resources by providing
funds for the construction of drinking water
and wastewater treatment facilities. The
state revolving funds are two important
elements of the nation's substantial
investment in sewage treatment and drinking
water systems which provides Americans
with significant benefits in the form of
reduced water pollution and safe drinking
water.
EPA will continue to capitalize the
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
(CWSRF). Through this program, the
Federal government provides financial
assistance for wastewater and other water
projects, including nonpoint source, estuary,
stormwater, and sewer overflow projects.
Water infrastructure projects contribute to
direct ecosystem improvements by lowering
the amount of nutrients and toxic pollutants
in all types of surface waters.
This budget request includes
$1,212.0 million for the CWSRF. More
than SI9 billion has already been provided
to capitalize the CWSRF, over twice the
original Clean Water Act authorized level of
$8.4 billion. Total CWSRF funding
available for loans since 1987, reflecting
loan repayments, state match dollars, and
other funding sources, is approximately
$37.7 billion, of which more than $34
billion has been provided to communities as
financial assistance. As of July 2001, $3.4
billion had not been utilized, but is ready for
loans.
The dramatic progress made in
improving the quality of wastewater
treatment since the 1970s is a national
success. In 1972, only 84 million people
were served by secondary or advanced
wastewater treatment facilities. Today, 99
XII1-2
-------
Infrastructure Financing
percent of community wastewater treatment
plants, serving 181 million people, use
secondary treatment or better.
In 2003, the President is requesting
$850.0 million for the Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund (DWSRF). ^Through the
DWSRF program, states will provide loans
to finance improvements to community
water systems so that they can achieve
compliance with the mandates of the Safe
Drinking Water Act and continue to protect
public health. Some non-state recipients,
such as the District of Columbia and the
tribes, will receive their DWSRF allocations
in the form of grants.
The DWSRF will be self-sustaining
in the long run and will help offset the costs
of ensuring safe drinking water supplies and
assisting small communities in meeting their
responsibilities. The FY 2003 request keeps
EPA on track with our commitment to meet
the goal for the DWSRF to provide an
average of $500 million in annual financial
assistance, even after Federal capitalization
ends. Through FY 2001, Congress has
appropriated $4.4 billion for the DWSRF
program. Through June 30, 2000, States had
received $3.6 billion in capitalization grants,
which when combined with the state match,
bond proceeds and other funds provided
S5.2 billion in total cumulative funds
available for loans. Through June 30, 2000,
States had made close to 1,800 loans totaling
$3.8 billion and SI.4 billion remained
available for loans,
State Flexibility Between SRFs
The Agency requests continuation
of authority provided in the 1996 Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments
which allows states to transfer an amount
equal to 33 percent of their DWSRF grants
to their CWSRF programs, or an equivalent
amount from their CWSRF program to their
DWSRF program. The transfer provision
gives states flexibility to address the most
critical demands in either program at a given
time. Unless extended, the transfer
provision expires September 30, 2002.
Set-Asides for Tribes
To improve public health and water
quality in Indian Country, the Agency
proposes to continue the 1 1/2% set-aside of
the CWSRF for wastewater grants to tribes
as provided in the Agency's 2002
appropriation. More than 70,000 homes in
Indian country have inadequate or
nonexistent wastewater treatment. EPA and
the Indian Health Service estimate that tribal
wastewater infrastructure needs exceed
$650.0 million as of 1997.
Supporting Alaska Native Villages
The President's Budget requests
$40.0 million for Alaska native villages for
the construction of wastewater and drinking
water facilities to address serious sanitation
problems. EPA will continue to work with
the Department of Health and Human
Services' Indian Health Service, the State of
Alaska, and local communities to provide
needed financial and technical assistance.
Goal 5: Better Waste Management,
Restoration of Contaminated Waste Sites,
and Erne rgency Response
Brownfields Infrastructure Projects
The President's Budget requests a
total of $120.5 million for brownfields
infrastructure projects. EPA will award
grants for assessment activities and for the
brownfields cleanup revolving loan funds
XIII-3
-------
Infrastructure Financing
(BCRLF). In addition, under the new
Brownfields Re vital ization and Environ-
mental Restoration Act of 2001, the term
brownfields has been expanded to include
sites contaminated by petroleum or a
petroleum product, therefore, grants will be
awarded to assess and cleanup these sites.
The statute also permits the award of grants
to perform cleanup activities and EPA will
develop procedures to implement their
award.
Targeted Projects
The President's Budget requests $8.0
million for maintaining the Homestake Mine
in South Dakota until the National Science
Foundation makes a determination on
whether to establish a National lab at the
mine.
Goal 6: Reducing Cross-border Environ-
mental Risks— U.S./Mexico Border
The President's Budget requests a
total of $75.0 million for water
infrastructure projects along the
U.SJMexico Border. The goal of this
program is to reduce environmental and
human health risks along the U.S./Mexico
Border. The communities along both sides
of the Border are facing unusual human
health and environmental threats because of
the lack of adequate wastewater and
drinking water facilities. EPA's
U.S./Mexico Border program provides funds
to support the planning, design and
construction of high priority water and
wastewater treatment projects along the
U.S./Mexico Border.
XI1I-4
-------
Trust Funds
(dollars in mi 1 1 ion si
FY 2002
Enacted
Supertund
Response
Enforcement
Management & Support
Other Federal Agencies
Homeland Security Supplemental
Pension & Benefits Accrual Costs
Transfers
Inspector General
Research & Development
Superfund Total
Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC)
LUST
Pension & Benefits Accrual Costs
Trust Fund Total:
$9 1 0. !
$167.5
$132.9
SI 0.7
$41.3
$19.4
SI 1.9
S36.9
$1,330.7
$0.0
S73.0
$0.9
$1,404.6
FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003
Enacted President's President's
FTE Budget Budget FTE
1,555.3 $83 1.9 1.500.6
1.129.6 $171.8 1.129.1
490.9 $134.6 488.0
0.0 SI0.7 0.0
0.0* SO.O 0,0
0.0 $20.0 0.0
94.1 $12.7 94.1
109.2 SI 11. 2 109.2
3,379.1 SI, 292. 9 3,321.0
81.3 SO.O 83.5
80.3 S73.3 80.4
0.0 S0.9 0.0
3,625.7 SI, 366.1 3,484.9
FY 2(M)~ dues mil include itwA'vtw.v /irtn-itied in ihe Kmeiyetici" Supplemental Apprapriatwns Acljiw Homeland Sccui'in'.
SUPERFUND
In 2003, the President's Budget
requests a total of $1,292.9 million in
discretionary budget authority and 3,321.0
workyears for Superfund. Currently, more
than 92 percent of 1,450 sites on the
Superfund final national priorities list (NPL)
are either undergoing cleanup construction
(remedial or removal) or are completed.
XIV-1
-------
Trust Funds
Of the total funding requested,
$831.9 million and 1,500,6 workyears are
for Superfund cleanups. The Agency's
Superfund cleanup program addresses public
health and environmental threats from
uncontrolled releases of hazardous
substances. In 2003, EPA and its partners
will complete 40 Superfund cleanups at NPL
sites to achieve the overall goal of 884
construction completions by the end of
2003.
Of the total funding requested,
$171.8 million and 1,129.1 workyears for
the Superfund Enforcement program. One
of Superfund's primary goals is to have
responsible parties pay for and conduct
cleanups at abandoned or uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites. The program focuses
on maximizing all aspects of potentially
responsible party (PRP) participation,
including having PRPs initiate work at 70%
of the new construction starts at non-Federal
Facility Superfund sites, and emphasizing
fairness in the settlement process. Where
PRP negotiations and previous enforcement
actions fail, EPA uses its appropriation to
clean up sites and then seeks to recover
these costs from the PRPs.
The remaining portion of the
Superfund FY 2003 President's Budget
comprises Management and Support, other
Federal agencies. Research and
Development and Inspector General. The
President's Budget requests $134.6 million
and 488.0 workyears for management and
support activities. These resources support
Agency-wide resource management and
control functions including: essential
infrastructure, contract administration,
financial accounting and other fiscal
operations.
Included in our Superfund request is
$10.7 million for our Federal agency
partners. The Agency works with several
other Federal agencies to perform essential
services in areas where the Agency does not
possess the specialized expertise. Currently
the Agency has interagency agreements with
the United States Coast Guard, the
Department of the Interior, the Federal
Emergency Management Agency, and the
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration.
The President's Budget also requests
$123.9 million and 203.3 workyears to be
transferred to Research and Development
for innovative cleanup technology testing
and the Inspector General for program
auditing.
Base Realignment and Closure Act
(BRAC)
The FY 2003 President's Budget
requests 83.5 reimbursable workyears to
conduct the BRAC program. Since 1993,
EPA has worked with the Department of
Defense (DoD) and the states'
environmental programs to make property
environmentally acceptable for transfer.
while protecting human health and the
environment — at realigning or closing
military installations. Between 1988 and
1995, 497 major military installations
representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, and
Defense Logistics Agency were slated for
realignment or closure. Of these, 108
installations have been designated as Fast-
xrv-2
-------
Trust Funds
Track sites. The Fast-Track program strives
to make parcels available for reuse as
quickly as possible, by either transfer of
uncontaminated or remedial parcels, or lease
of contaminated parcels where cleanup is
underway or "early transfer" of
contaminated property undergoing cleanup.
LUST
The FY 2003 President's Budget
requests S73.3 million and 80.4 workyears
for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
(LUST) program. Approximately 85
percent of this will be used for state
cooperative agreements and support for
tribal cleanup. One of the Agency's highest
priorities in the LUST program over the next
several years is to address approximately
150,000 cleanups that have yet to be
completed (as of September 2001), and to
address LUST sites that are difficult to
remediate because they are contaminated by-
methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and
other oxygenates. In 2003 the Agency's
goal is to complete 22,500 cleanups under
the supervision of EPA and its state, local
and tribal partners.
XIV-3
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Environmental Protection Agency
Summary of Agency Workforce by Goal
1 . Clean Air
2. Clean and Safe Water
3, Safe Food
4, Preventing Pollution
5. Better Waste Management
6. Global and Cross-Border Risks
7. Quality Environmental Information
8. Sound Science
9. Credible Deterrent
lO.Effective Management
Workyears
FY2002
Enacted
1,830.7
2,737.3
777.5
1,204.9
4,308.5
517.7
840.1
989.6
2,442.5
1,996.2
FY 2003
Request
1 ,820.0
2,742.8
770.1
1,193.9
4,498.7
504.7
847.1
996.3
2,330.7
1.943.7
Delta
FY 2003 vs.
FY 2002
(10.7)
5.5
(7.4)
(11.0)
190.2
(13.0)
7.0
6.7
(111.8)
(52.5)
Grand Total
17,645.0
17,648.0
3.0
FY 2002 does not include workyeurs provided in the Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act for Homeland Security.
XV-1
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
Summary of Agency Resources by Goal |
(dollars
1 . Clean Air
2. Clean and Safe Water
3. Safe Food
4. Preventing Pollution
5. Better Waste Management
6. Global and Cross- Border Risks
7. Quality Environmental Information
8. Sound Science
9. Credible Deterrent
1 0. Effective Management
in thousands)
FY 2002
Enacted
$593,361.8
$3,738,990.3
$109,071.7
$319,915.1
51,520,683.8
$276,588.0
$197,067.8
$336,066.9
$386,539.6
$424,928.0
FY 2003
Request
$597,977.3
$3,214,674.2
$109,814.6
$326,651.9
$1,711,279.8
$269,727.2
$199,124.0
$327,837,9
$402,462.9
$460,963.2
Delta
FY 2003 vs.
FY2002
$4,615,5
($524,316.1)
$742.9
$6,736.8
$190,596.0
($6,860.8)
$2,056.2
($8,229.0)
$15,923,3
$36,035.2
Offsetting Receipts
$0.0 ($4,000.0)
($4,000,0)
Adjustment to account for proposed
retirement and health benefits legislation $103,588,6 $107,087.8
$0.0
Grand Total Budget Authority
$8,006,801,6 $7,723,600.8 ($283,200.8)
FY 2002 does not include SI 75.6 million provided in (he Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act for Homeland Security,
XV-2
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
Summary of Agency Resources by Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Science & Technology
Environmental Programs and Management
Buildings & Facilities
Oil Spill Response
Inspector General
Superfund
Siiperfund Program
Research Transfer
1C Transfer
State & Tribal Assistance Grants
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
FY 2002
Enacted
$712,867.3
$2,119,363.6
525,318.0
$16,104.5
$36,591.0
$1,289,352.0
$1,240,594,0
$36,891.0
$11.867.0
$3,733.276.0
$73,929.2
FY 2002
Supplemental
Resources
$90,308.0
$39,000.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$41,292.0
$41.292,0
$0.0
so.o
$5,000.0
$0.0
FY 2003
Request
$685.275.1
$2,114,860.6
$42,918.0
$16,706.4
$37,953.9
$1,292.855.6
$1,168,945.6
$111.168,0
$12,742.0
$3,463.776.0
$73,255.2
Offsetting Receipts
$0.0
$0.0 ($4.000.0)
Grand Total Budget Authority
$8,006,801.6 $175,600.0 $7,723,600.8
FY 2003 includes $107 million for proposed new pension and health benefits legislation. To make
columns comparable, (he FY 2002 Enacted level has been revised for this change.
XV-3
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