Machine-readable data

Machine-readable data is data (or metadata) which is in a format that can be understood by a computer.

There are two types; human-readable data that is marked up so that it can also be read by machines (examples; microformats, RDFa) or data file formats intended principally for machines (RDF, XML, JSON).

For purposes of implementation of the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) Modernization Act, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines "machine readable" as follows: "Format in a standard computer language (not English text) that can be read automatically by a web browser or computer system. (e.g.; xml). Traditional word processing documents, hypertext markup language (HTML) and portable document format (PDF) files are easily read by humans but typically are difficult for machines to interpret. Other formats such as extensible markup language (XML), (JSON), or spreadsheets with header columns that can be exported as comma separated values (CSV) are machine readable formats. It is possible to make traditional word processing documents and other formats machine readable but the documents must include enhanced structural elements."

Publishing public data in an open, standard, machine-readable format is a best practice (good operating practice).

See also

• Human-readable medium

See also

• Open data
• Linked data
• Section 10 of the GPRA Modernization Act (GPRAMA), which requires U.S. federal agencies to publish their strategic and performance plans and reports in machine-readable format, like Strategy Markup Language (StratML)
• President Obama's Executive Order Making Open and Machine Readable the New Default for Government Information
• OMB M-13-13, Open Data Policy: Managing Information as an Asset, which requires agencies to use open, machine­-readable, data format standards