Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of ozone
depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity,
flammability, and exposure potential. Lists of acceptable
and unacceptable substitutes are updated several times
each year. A
chronological list of SNAP
updates is also available.
Note: SNAP Notices and Final Rules published in the
Federal Register take precedence over all
information on the web site.
| Aqueous
cleaners |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
EPA is
planning to issue effluent guidelines for this
industry under the Clean Water Act. |
|
Semi-aqueous cleaners |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
EPA is
planning to issue effluent guidelines for this
industry under the Clean Water Act. |
| Straight
organic solvent cleaning (with terpenes, C5-C20
petroleum hydrocarbons, oxygenated organic solvents
such as ketones, esters, ethers, alcohols, etc.) |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
OSHA
standards must be met, if applicable. |
|
Trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, methylene
chloride |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
OSHA and
RCRA standards must be met. EPA issued Maximum
Achievable Control Technology requirements under the
Clean Air Act for vapor degreasing in November
1994. |
|
Supercritical fluids, plasma cleaning, UV / Ozone
cleaning |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
OSHA
standards for ozone must be met. |
| Volatile
methyl siloxanes |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
Approval
is granted for the whole class of compounds. |
|
Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
The OSHA
set exposure limit is 200 ppm. |
|
Hydrofluorether (HFE) 7100: C4F9OCH3
(methoxynonafluorobutane, iso and normal) |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform, HCFC-141b |
None. |
| HFE-7200
(C5F9OCH3) |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
The
Agency expects that any exposures will not exceed any
acceptable exposure limits set by any voluntary
consensus standards organization, including the
American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists' (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs) or
the American Industrial Hygiene Association's (AIHA)
workplace environmental exposure limits (WEELs). |
| No-clean
alternatives |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
Substitutes found acceptable include low solids
fluxes and inert gas soldering. |
|
Heptafluorocyclopentane |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform, HCFC-141b |
EPA
expects users to adhere to an exposure limit of 123
ppm over an eight-hour time-weighted average, with a
ceiling of 500 ppm. |
|
HFC-365mfc |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform, HCFC-141b |
None |
| HFE-7000
(heptafluoropropyl methyl ether) |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
EPA
expects that the workplace environmental exposure
will not exceed the workplace environmental exposure
limit of 75 ppm and that users will observe the
manufacturer's recommendations in MSDSs. |
| The
Mini-Max Cleaner® |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
None |
| n-propyl
bromide |
CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform |
EPA recommends the use of personal protective
equipment, including chemical goggles, flexible
laminate protective gloves and chemical-resistant
clothing.
EPA expects that all users of nPB would comply
with any final Permissible Exposure Limit that the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
issues in the future under 42 U.S.C. 7610(a). nPB,
also known as 1-bromopropane, is Number 106-94-5 in
the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry.
|
|
HFC-4310mee |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform, HCFC-141b |
Subject
to a 200 ppm time-weighted average workplace exposure
standard and 400 ppm workplace exposure ceiling. |
None |
|
Monochlorotoluenes and benzotrifluorides |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
Subject
to a 50 ppm workplace standard for monochlorotoluenes
and a 100 ppm standard for benzotrifluoride. |
The
workplace standard for monochlorotoluenes is based on
an OSHA PEL of 50 ppm for orthochlorotoluene. The
workplace standard for benzotrifluoride is based on
the company-set acceptable exposure limit. |
|
HCFC-225ca/cb |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
Subject
to the company-set exposure limit of 25 ppm for the
-ca isomer. |
HCFC-225ca/cb is offered as an isomeric blend. The
company-set workplace standard for the cb-isomer is
higher--250ppm. The use of the less toxic cb-isomer
in the blend suggests that the 25 ppm standard for
the ca-isomer can be readily met. |
|
Perfluorocarbons (C5F12, C6F12, C6F14, C7F16, C8F18,
C5F11NO, C6F13NO, C7F15NO, and C8F16) |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
Acceptable
for high-performance, precision-engineered
applications only where reasonable efforts have been
made to ascertain that other alternatives are not
technically feasible due to performance or safety
requirements. |
The
principal environmental characteristic of concern for
PFCs is that they have long atmospheric lifetimes and
high global warming potentials. Although actual
contributions to global warming depend upon the
quantities of PFCs emitted, the effects are for
practical purposes irreversible.
Users must observe this limitation on PFC
acceptability by conducting a reasonable evaluation
of other substitutes to determine that PFC use is
necessary to meet performance or safety requirements.
Documentation of this evaluation must be kept on
file.
|
|
Perfluoropolyethers |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
Acceptable
for high-performance, precision-engineered
applications only where reasonable efforts have been
made to ascertain that other alternatives are not
technically feasible due to performance or safety
requirements. |
PFPEs have
similar global warming profiles to the PFCs, and the
SNAP decision on PFPEs parallels that for PFCs. |
|
Dibromomethane |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
High ODP;
other alternatives exist. |
| HCFC-141b
and its blends |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform |
High ODP;
other alternatives exist. |
|
Chlorobromomethane |
CFC-113,
Methyl Chloroform, HCFC-141b |
High ODP;
other alternatives exist. |
|
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