Example Data Analysis Package and Straw Man Outline

July 2009

FHWA Office of Safety Logo reads 'Safe Roads for a Safer Future – Investment in road safety saves lives.'

Downloadable Version
PDF [554 KB]

Note to the Reader: This document is an example of the data analysis package and straw man outline prepared for and presented during the workshop of key stakeholders and follow-up implementation planning meeting (Step 6 described in the Intersection Safety Implementation Plan Process). It contains the following sections:

Data Overview
Countermeasure Information
Straw Man Outline of Countermeasures – Systematic Approach
Straw Man Outline of Countermeasures – Comprehensive Approach
Straw Man Outline of Countermeasures – Traditional Approach
Summary Straw Man Outline of Countermeasures

During the workshop and follow-up meeting, participants made decisions on the details of individual countermeasures (e.g., average costs, crash reduction factors (CRF) and on the addition of incapacitating injuries to the analysis. As a result, the information presented in many of these tables is similar to, but not exactly the same as, that shown in the Example Intersection Safety Implementation Plan.


Data Overview

Table 1: Intersection Fatalities
empty cell 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total
State FARS 198 173 167 206 173 207 1,124
State Crash Data 214 184 187 210 187 200 1,182


Table 2: Intersection Crashes and Fatalities – Locality and TCD – 2003-2008
empty cell Crashes Fatalities
Total Percentage Total Percentage
State Rural 34,339 8.27% 500 42.30%
Signalized 4,107 0.99% 17 1.44%
Unsignalized 30,232 7.28% 483 40.86%
State Urban 156,623 37.73% 301 25.47%
Signalized 73,913 17.81% 124 10.49%
Unsignalized 82,710 19.93% 177 14.97%
Local Rural 10,830 2.61% 58 4.91%
Signalized 676 0.16% 5 0.42%
Unsignalized 10,154 2.45% 53 4.48%
Local Urban 213,306 51.39% 323 27.33%
Signalized 73,815 17.78% 159 13.45%
Unsignalized 139,491 33.60% 164 13.87%
Grand Total 415,098 100.00% 1,182 100.00%


Table 3: All Intersection Crashes – Signalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 4,107 17 0.41
Urban 73,913 124 0.17
Total 78,020 141 0.18
Local Roads
Rural 676 5 0.74
Urban 73,815 159 0.22
Total 74,491 164 0.22


Table 4: All Intersection Crashes – Unsignalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 30,232 483 1.60
Urban 82,710 177 0.21
Total 112,942 660 0.58
Local Roads
Rural 10,154 53 0.52
Urban 139,491 163 0.12
Total 149,645 217 0.15


Table 5: All Intersection Crashes on Divided Roads (Expressways) – Signalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 829 8 0.97
Urban 21,266 54 0.25
Total 22,095 62 0.28
Local Roads
Rural 6 - 0
Urban 909 5 0.55
Total 915 5 0.55


Table 6: All Intersection Crashes on Divided Roads (Expressways) – Unsignalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 3,799 142 3.74
Urban 17,814 65 0.36
Total 21,613 207 0.96
Local Roads
Rural 6 - 0
Urban 1,185 4 0.34
Total 1,191 4 0.34


Table 7: All Intersection Crashes – Signalized by Speed Limit – 2003-2008
ON-LOCATION SPEED LIMIT TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
35 mph or less 25,426 25 0.1
36-40 mph 21,327 31 0.15
41-45 mph 15,897 37 0.23
46-54 mph 2,279 12 0.53
55 mph or greater 8,905 36 0.4
Unknown 4,186 0 0
Total 78,020 141 0.18
Local Roads
35 mph or less 58,242 121 0.21
36-40 mph 6,726 24 0.36
41-45 mph 2,093 14 0.67
46-54 mph 103 3 2.91
55 mph or greater 314 2 0.64
Unknown 7,013 - 0
Total 74,491 164 0.22


Table 8: All Intersection Crashes – Unsignalized by Speed Limit – 2003-2008
ON-LOCATION SPEED LIMIT TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
35 mph or less 38,143 34 0.09
36-40 mph 21,300 34 0.16
41-45 mph 16,579 52 0.31
46-54 mph 2,657 16 0.60
55 mph or greater 27,831 524 1.88
Unknown 6,432 0 0.00
Total 112,942 660 0.58
Local Roads
35 mph or less 122,916 148 0.12
36-40 mph 6,993 15 0.21
41-45 mph 3,276 19 0.58
46-54 mph 335 3 0.90
55 mph or greater 1,821 29 1.59
Unknown 14,304 3 0.02
Total 149,645 217 0.15


Table 9: All Intersection Crashes – Signalized by Accident Type – 2003-2008
ACCIDENT TYPE TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads – Rural
Animal 2 - 0
Bicyclist/Pedalcyclist 8 - 0
Fixed Object 160 4 2.5
Other Object 5 - 0
Pedestrian 7 1 14.29
Train 2 1 50
MV in Transport 3,866 11 0.28
MV on Other Roadway 12 - 0
Parked MV 15 - 0
Non-Collision Overturn 22 - 0
Non-Collision Other 8 - 0
Total 4,107 17 4.24
State Roads – Urban
Animal 40 - 0
Bicyclist/Pedalcyclist 171 4 2.34
Fixed Object 2,475 31 1.25
Other Object 90 - 0
Pedestrian 236 5 2.12
Train 1 - 0
MV in Transport 70,445 81 0.11
MV on Other Roadway 88 - 0
Parked MV 117 - 0
Non-Collision Overturn 149 3 2.01
Non-Collision Other 101 - 0
Total 73,913 124 2.65
Local Roads – Rural
Animal - - N/A
Bicyclist/Pedalcyclist 3 - 0
Fixed Object 32 - 0
Other Object 2 - 0
Pedestrian 1 - 0
Train - - N/A
MV in Transport 617 5 0.81
MV on Other Roadway 4 - 0
Parked MV 12 - 0
Non-Collision Overturn 3 - 0
Non-Collision Other 2 - 0
Total 676 5 1.92
Local Roads – Urban
Animal 15 - 0
Bicyclist/Pedalcyclist 384 6 1.56
Fixed Object 3,265 22 0.67
Other Object 89 - 0
Pedestrian 879 29 3.3
Train 2 - 0
MV in Transport 68,351 101 0.15
MV on Other Roadway 58 - 0
Parked MV 552 1 0.18
Non-Collision Overturn 120 - 0
Non-Collision Other 100 - 0
Total 73,815 159 2.49


Table 10: All Intersection Crashes – Unsignalized by Accident Type – 2003-2008
ACCIDENT TYPE TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads – Rural
Animal 3 - 0
Bicyclist/Pedalcyclist 39 1 2.56
Fixed Object 1,434 15 1.05
Other Object 16 - 0
Pedestrian 11 - 0
Train 2 - 0
MV in Transport 28,057 458 1.63
MV on Other Roadway 87 2 2.3
Parked MV 452 2 0.44
Non-Collision Overturn 100 4 4
Non-Collision Other 31 1 3.23
Total 30,232 483 9.41
State Roads – Urban
Animal 2 - 0
Bicyclist/Pedalcyclist 92 2 2.17
Fixed Object 359 3 0.84
Other Object 16 - 0
Pedestrian 41 - 0
Train - - N/A
MV in Transport 81,147 170 0.21
MV on Other Roadway 157 - 0
Parked MV 858 1 0.12
Non-Collision Overturn 22 - 0
Non-Collision Other 16 1 6.25
Total 82,710 177 2.61
Local Roads – Rural
Animal - - N/A
Bicyclist/Pedalcyclist 50 - 0
Fixed Object 564 8 1.42
Other Object 11 - 0
Pedestrian 15 - 0
Train - - N/A
MV in Transport 7,763 42 0.54
MV on Other Roadway 28 - 0
Parked MV 1,672 1 0.06
Non-Collision Overturn 34 1 2.94
Non-Collision Other 17 1 5.88
Total 10,154 53 4.07
Local Roads – Urban
Animal 3 - 0
Bicyclist/Pedalcyclist 641 1 0.16
Fixed Object 2,367 10 0.42
Other Object 75 2 2.67
Pedestrian 373 5 1.34
Train 1 - 0
MV in Transport 110,650 137 0.12
MV on Other Roadway 165 1 0.61
Parked MV 25,082 8 0.03
Non-Collision Overturn 62 - 0
Non-Collision Other 72 - 0
Total 139,491 164 1.98


Table 11: Angle Intersection Crashes – Signalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 1,588 11 0.69
Urban 27,278 66 0.24
Total 28,866 77 0.27
Local Roads
Rural 238 5 2.1
Urban 31,643 86 0.27
Total 31,881 91 0.29


Table 12: Angle Intersection Crashes – Unsignalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 14,393 346 2.4
Urban 28,677 129 0.45
Total 43,070 475 1.1
Local Roads
Rural 4,066 26 0.64
Urban 54,978 97 0.18
Total 59,044 123 0.21


Table 13: Angle Intersection Crashes on Divided Roads (Expressway) – Signalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 320 4 1.25
Urban 7,664 27 0.35
Total 7,984 31 0.39
Local Roads
Rural 1 - 0
Urban 384 2 0.52
Total 385 2 0.52


Table 14: Angle Intersection Crashes on Divided Roads (Expressway) – Unsignalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 2,262 122 5.39
Urban 4,591 55 1.2
Total 6,853 177 2.58
Local Roads
Rural 3 - 0
Urban 444 2 0.45
Total 447 2 0.45


Table 15: Left Turn (2 or More Vehicles) – Signalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 1,266 5 0.39
Urban 21,172 35 0.17
Total 22,438 40 0.18
Local Roads
Rural 196 1 0.51
Urban 19,747 39 0.2
Total 19,943 40 0.2


Table 16: Pedestrian Intersection Crashes – Signalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 7 1 14.29
Urban 236 5 2.12
Total 243 6 2.47
Local Roads
Rural 1 - 0
Urban 879 29 3.3
Total 880 29 3.3


Table 17: Pedestrian Intersection Crashes – Unsignalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 11 - 0
Urban 41 - 0
Total 52 - 0
Local Roads
Rural 15 - 0
Urban 373 5 1.34
Total 388 5 1.29


Table 18: Dark Intersection Crashes – Signalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 721 7 0.97
Urban 17,840 54 0.3
Total 18,561 61 0.33
Local Roads
Rural 110 3 2.73
Urban 17,814 81 0.45
Total 17,924 84 0.47


Table 19: Dark Intersection Crashes – Unsignalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 5,050 111 2.2
Urban 13,234 29 0.22
Total 18,284 140 0.77
Local Roads
Rural 1,618 13 0.8
Urban 28,118 73 0.26
Total 29,736 86 0.29


Table 20: Wet Pavement Intersection Crashes (Speed Limit >= 45 MPH) – Signalized by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 433 5 1.15
Urban 5,136 7 0.14
Total 5,569 12 0.22
Local Roads
Rural 27 - 0
Urban 1,548 2 0.13
Total 1,575 2 0.13


Table 21: Wet Pavement Intersection Crashes – Stop TCD by Locality – 2003-2008
LOCALITY TOTAL CRASHES TOTAL FATALITIES FATALITIES PER 100 CRASHES
State Roads
Rural 27 - 0
Urban 1,548 2 0.13
Total 1,575 2 0.13
Local Roads
Rural 345 1 0.29
Urban 2,506 1 0.04
Total 2,851 2 0.07


Table 22: Summary of Intersection Crashes, Fatalities, and Incapacitating Injuries - 2003-2008
empty cell State Rural Signal State Rural Stop-Controlled State Urban Signal State Urban Stop-Controlled Local Rural Signal Local Rural Stop-Controlled Local Urban Signal Local Urban Stop-Controlled
All Crashes
Crashes 4,107 30,232 73,913 82,710 676 10,154 73,815 139,491
Fatalities 17 483 124 177 5 53 159 164
Incapacitating Injuries 227 3,769 2,482 2,734 11 531 2,160 3,275
Fatalities per 100 Crashes 0.41 1.6 0.17 0.21 0.74 0.52 0.22 0.12
Incapacitating Injuries per 100 Crashes 5.53 12.47 3.36 3.31 1.63 5.23 2.93 2.35
Divided Highway Crashes
Crashes 829 3,799 21,266 17,814 6 6 909 1,185
Fatalities 8 142 54 65 - - 5 4
Incapacitating Injuries 76 863 856 637 - - 32 52
Fatalities per 100 Crashes 0.97 3.74 0.25 0.36 - - 0.55 0.34
Incapacitating Injuries per 100 Crashes 9.17 22.72 4.03 3.58 - - 3.52 4.37
Angle Crashes
Crashes 1,588 14,393 27,278 28,677 238 4,066 31,643 54,978
Fatalities 11 346 66 129 5 26 86 97
Incapacitating Injuries 148 2,404 1,520 1,632 5 316 1,323 1,842
Fatalities per 100 Crashes 0.69 2.4 0.24 0.45 2.1 0.64 0.27 0.18
Incapacitating Injuries per 100 Crashes 9.32 16.7 5.57 5.69 2.1 7.77 4.18 3.35
Left-Turn Crashes
Crashes 1,266 - 21,172 - 196 - 19,742 -
Fatalities 5 - 35 - 1 - 39 -
Incapacitating Injuries 77 - 1,127 - 2 - 757 -
Fatalities per 100 Crashes 0.39 - 0.17 - 0.51 - 0.2 -
Incapacitating Injuries per 100 Crashes 6.08 - 5.32 - 1.02 - 3.83 -
Pedestrian Crashes
Crashes 7 11 236 41 1 15 879 373
Fatalities 1 - 5 - - - 29 5
Incapacitating Injuries 3 2 66 4 0 4 170 56
Fatalities per 100 Crashes - - 2.12 - - - 3.3 1.34
Incapacitating Injuries per 100 Crashes 42.86 18.18 27.97 9.76 0 26.67 19.34 15.01
Dark Crashes
Crashes 721 5,050 17,840 13,234 110 1,618 17,814 28,118
Fatalities 7 111 54 29 3 13 81 73
Incapacitating Injuries 53 847 683 544 1 91 631 765
Fatalities per 100 Crashes 0.97 2.2 0.3 0.22 - 0.8 0.47 0.28
Incapacitating Injuries per 100 Crashes 7.35 16.77 3.83 4.11 0.91 5.62 3.54 2.72
Wet Pavement Crashes
Crashes 433 3,238 5,136 2,506 27 345 5,136 1,548
Fatalities 5 48 7 1 - 1 7 2
Incapacitating Injuries 31 428 154 246 2 46 25 28
Fatalities per 100 Crashes - 1.48 0.14 - - - 0.14 -
Incapacitating Injuries per 100 Crashes 7.16 1.22 3 5.06 7.41 13.33 1.61 1.12


Table 23: Fatal Crashes – State Roads – All TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
5-9 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
4 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
3 2 2 0.29% 6 0.83%
2 34 36 5.27% 74 10.26%
1 647 683 100.00% 721 100.00%
Total 683 683 100.00% 721 100.00%


Table 24: Total Crashes – State Rural Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater 8 8 1.44% 573 13.95%
30 - 49 23 31 5.57% 1,407 34.26%
20 - 29 36 67 12.03% 2,258 54.98%
10-19 56 123 22.08% 3,012 73.34%
5-9 73 196 35.19% 3,490 84.98%
4 31 227 40.75% 3,614 88.00%
3 43 270 48.47% 3,743 91.14%
2 77 347 62.30% 3,897 94.89%
1 210 557 100.00% 4,107 100.00%
Total 557 557 100.00% 4,107 100.00%


Table 25: Total Crashes – State Rural Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater 7 7 0.07% 428 1.42%
30 - 49 26 33 0.31% 1,390 4.60%
20 - 29 91 124 1.16% 3,506 11.60%
10-19 389 513 4.82% 8,601 28.45%
5-9 1,033 1,546 14.51% 15,347 50.76%
4 576 2,122 19.92% 17,651 58.39%
3 1,008 3,130 29.38% 20,675 68.39%
2 2,034 5,164 48.47% 24,743 81.84%
1 5,489 10,653 100.00% 30,232 100.00%
Total 10,653 10,653 100.00% 30,232 100.00%


Table 26: Total Crashes – State Urban Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 63 63 1.44% 8,058 10.90%
50 - 99 308 371 8.46% 28,570 38.65%
30 - 49 461 832 18.98% 46,320 62.67%
20 - 29 483 1,315 30.00% 57,986 78.45%
10-19 633 1,948 44.43% 66,850 90.44%
5-9 539 2,487 56.73% 70,471 95.34%
4 206 2,693 61.43% 71,295 96.46%
3 262 2,955 67.40% 72,081 97.52%
2 403 3,358 76.60% 72,887 98.61%
1 1,026 4,384 100.00% 73,913 100.00%
Total 4,384 4,384 100.00% 73,913 100.00%


Table 27: Total Crashes – State Urban Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 21 21 0.22% 2,842 3.44%
50 - 99 144 165 1.71% 12,180 14.73%
30 - 49 309 474 4.90% 23,795 28.77%
20 - 29 575 1,049 10.85% 37,525 45.37%
10-19 1,556 2,605 26.94% 58,693 70.96%
5-9 2,084 4,689 48.49% 72,522 87.68%
4 720 5,409 55.93% 75,402 91.16%
3 852 6,261 64.74% 77,958 94.25%
2 1,342 7,603 78.62% 80,642 97.50%
1 2,068 9,671 100.00% 82,710 100.00%
Total 9,650 9,671 100.00% 82,710 100.00%


Table 28: Divided Road Crashes – State Rural Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 8 8 8.00% 284 34.26%
20 - 29 8 16 16.00% 481 58.02%
10-19 12 28 28.00% 645 77.80%
5-9 10 38 38.00% 712 85.89%
4 9 47 47.00% 748 90.23%
3 7 54 54.00% 769 92.76%
2 14 68 68.00% 797 96.14%
1 32 100 100.00% 829 100.00%
Total 100 100 100.00% 829 100.00%


Table 29: Divided Road Crashes – State Rural Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater 2 2 0.18% 107 2.82%
30 - 49 3 5 0.46% 203 5.34%
20 - 29 12 17 1.57% 483 12.71%
10-19 53 70 6.46% 1,166 30.69%
5-9 169 239 22.07% 2,270 59.75%
4 79 318 29.36% 2,586 68.07%
3 109 427 39.43% 2,913 76.68%
2 230 657 60.66% 3,373 88.79%
1 426 1,083 100.00% 3,799 100.00%
Total 1,083 1,083 100.00% 3,799 100.00%


Table 30: Divided Road Crashes – State Urban Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 4 4 0.29% 611 2.87%
50 - 99 70 74 5.28% 5,034 23.67%
30 - 49 149 223 15.92% 10,678 50.21%
20 - 29 195 418 29.84% 15,376 72.30%
10-19 254 672 47.97% 18,937 89.05%
5-9 203 875 62.46% 20,307 95.49%
4 54 929 66.31% 20,523 96.51%
3 75 1,004 71.66% 20,748 97.56%
2 121 1,125 80.30% 20,990 98.70%
1 276 1,401 100.00% 21,266 100.00%
Total 1,401 1,401 100.00% 21,266 100.00%


Table 31: Divided Road Crashes – State Urban Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 2 2 0.09% 315 1.77%
50 - 99 35 37 1.69% 2,719 15.26%
30 - 49 72 109 4.97% 5,478 30.75%
20 - 29 104 213 9.72% 7,943 44.59%
10-19 327 540 24.64% 12,405 69.64%
5-9 454 994 45.35% 15,393 86.41%
4 167 1,161 52.97% 16,061 90.16%
3 201 1,362 62.14% 16,664 93.54%
2 320 1,682 76.73% 17,304 97.14%
1 510 2,192 100.00% 17,814 100.00%
Total 2,192 2,192 100.00% 17,814 100.00%


Table 32: Angle Crashes – State Rural Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 1 1 0.26% 34 2.14%
20 - 29 6 7 1.79% 173 10.89%
10-19 40 47 11.99% 707 44.52%
5-9 63 110 28.06% 1,112 70.03%
4 21 131 33.42% 1,196 75.31%
3 36 167 42.60% 1,304 82.12%
2 59 226 57.65% 1,422 89.55%
1 166 392 100.00% 1,588 100.00%
Total 392 392 100.00% 1,588 100.00%


Table 33: Angle Crashes – State Urban Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
50 - 99 42 42 1.38% 2,698 9.89%
30 - 49 110 152 4.99% 6,708 24.59%
20 - 29 211 363 11.92% 11,728 42.99%
10-19 620 983 32.27% 20,184 73.99%
5-9 650 1,633 53.61% 24,592 90.15%
4 163 1,796 58.96% 25,244 92.54%
3 231 2,027 66.55% 25,937 95.08%
2 322 2,349 77.12% 26,581 97.44%
1 697 3,046 100.00% 27,278 100.00%
Total 3,046 3,046 100.00% 27,278 100.00%


Table 34: Angle Crashes – State Rural Divided Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 2 2 2.78% 41 12.81%
10-19 11 13 18.06% 178 55.63%
5-9 8 21 29.17% 231 72.19%
4 4 25 34.72% 247 77.19%
3 9 34 47.22% 274 85.63%
2 8 42 58.33% 290 90.63%
1 30 72 100.00% 320 100.00%
Total 72 72 100.00% 320 100.00%


Table 35: Angle Crashes – State Urban Divided Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
50 - 99 5 5 0.48% 426 5.56%
30 - 49 21 26 2.50% 1,171 15.28%
20 - 29 48 74 7.12% 2,292 29.91%
10-19 200 274 26.35% 4,895 63.87%
5-9 263 537 51.63% 6,671 87.04%
4 71 608 58.46% 6,955 90.75%
3 81 689 66.25% 7,198 93.92%
2 115 804 77.31% 7,428 96.92%
1 236 1,040 100.00% 7,664 100.00%
Total 1,040 1,040 100.00% 7,664 100.00%


Table 36: Left Turn Crashes (>=2 Vehicles) – State Rural Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 1 1 0.30% 31 2.45%
20 - 29 6 7 2.11% 166 13.11%
10-19 22 29 8.76% 449 35.47%
5-9 58 87 26.28% 841 66.43%
4 19 106 32.02% 917 72.43%
3 30 136 41.09% 1,007 79.54%
2 64 200 60.42% 1,135 89.65%
1 131 331 100.00% 1,266 100.00%
Total 331 331 100.00% 1,266 100.00%


Table 37: Left Turn Crashes (>=2 Vehicles) – State Rural Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 9 9 0.16% 209 2.13%
10-19 47 56 1.01% 794 8.08%
5-9 245 301 5.44% 2,300 23.41%
4 200 501 9.06% 3,100 31.55%
3 361 862 15.59% 4,183 42.57%
2 976 1,838 33.24% 6,135 62.44%
1 3,691 5,529 100.00% 9,826 100.00%
Total 5,529 5,529 100.00% 9,826 100.00%


Table 38: Left Turn Crashes (>=2 Vehicles) – State Urban Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 4 4 0.14% 419 1.98%
50 - 99 23 27 0.94% 1,765 8.34%
30 - 49 78 105 3.66% 4,678 22.10%
20 - 29 126 231 8.06% 7,738 36.55%
10-19 447 678 23.66% 13,781 65.09%
5-9 650 1,328 46.35% 18,119 85.58%
4 199 1,527 53.30% 18,915 89.34%
3 276 1,803 62.93% 19,743 93.25%
2 367 2,170 75.74% 20,477 96.72%
1 695 2,865 100.00% 21,172 100.00%
Total 2,865 2,865 100.00% 21,172 100.00%


Table 39: Left Turn Crashes (>=2 Vehicles) – State Urban Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 2 2 0.03% 254 1.25%
50 - 99 1 3 0.05% 340 1.67%
30 - 49 11 14 0.24% 752 3.70%
20 - 29 58 72 1.25% 2,105 10.36%
10-19 341 413 7.18% 6,497 31.99%
5-9 870 1,283 22.31% 12,078 59.47%
4 436 1,719 29.90% 13,822 68.06%
3 656 2,375 41.30% 15,790 77.74%
2 1,145 3,520 61.22% 18,080 89.02%
1 2,230 5,750 100.00% 20,310 100.00%
Total 5,750 5,750 100.00% 20,310 100.00%


Table 40: Pedestrian Crashes – State Rural Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
5-9 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
4 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
3 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
2 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
1 7 7 100.00% 7 100.00%
Total 7 7 100.00% 7 100.00%



Table 41: Pedestrian Crashes– State Rural Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
5-9 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
4 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
3 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
2 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
1 11 11 100.00% 11 100.00%
Total 11 11 100.00% 11 100.00%


Table 42: Pedestrian Crashes – State Urban Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
50 - 99 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
5-9 1 1 0.51% 6 2.54%
4 - 1 0.51% 6 2.54%
3 5 6 3.03% 21 8.90%
2 23 29 14.65% 67 28.39%
1 169 198 100.00% 236 100.00%
Total 198 198 100.00% 236 100.00%


Table 43: Pedestrian Crashes – State Urban Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
50 - 99 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
5-9 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
4 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
3 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
2 1 1 2.50% 2 4.88%
1 39 40 100.00% 41 100.00%
Total 40 40 100.00% 41 100.00%


Table 44: Dark Crashes – State Rural Roads – All TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 3 3 0.09% 72 1.25%
10-19 25 28 0.80% 377 6.53%
5-9 117 145 4.14% 1,092 18.92%
4 96 241 6.88% 1,476 25.58%
3 232 473 13.50% 2,172 37.64%
2 569 1,042 29.75% 3,310 57.36%
1 2,461 3,503 100.00% 5,771 100.00%
Total 3,503 3,503 100.00% 5,771 100.00%


Table 45: Dark Crashes – State Urban Roads – All TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 1 1 0.02% 132 0.42%
50 - 99 19 20 0.32% 1,317 4.24%
30 - 49 92 112 1.77% 4,744 15.27%
20 - 29 163 275 4.35% 8,647 27.83%
10-19 547 822 12.99% 16,016 51.54%
5-9 1,066 1,888 29.84% 22,949 73.85%
4 419 2,307 36.46% 24,625 79.25%
3 668 2,975 47.02% 26,629 85.70%
2 1,093 4,068 64.30% 28,815 92.73%
1 2,259 6,327 100.00% 31,074 100.00%
Total 6,327 6,327 100.00% 31,074 100.00%


Table 46: Wet Pavement Crashes (>=45 MPH) – State Roads – All TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
50 - 99 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 11 11 0.20% 372 2.72%
20 - 29 23 34 0.63% 889 6.51%
10-19 176 210 3.90% 3,203 23.44%
5-9 512 722 13.42% 6,480 47.42%
4 249 971 18.04% 7,476 54.71%
3 438 1,409 26.18% 8,790 64.32%
2 903 2,312 42.96% 10,596 77.54%
1 3,070 5,382 100.00% 13,666 100.00%
Total 5,382 5,382 100.00% 13,666 100.00%


Table 47: Fatal Crashes – Local Roads – All TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
5-9 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
4 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
3 1 1 0.30% 3 0.87%
2 7 8 2.38% 17 4.93%
1 328 336 100.00% 345 100.00%
Total 336 336 100.00% 345 100.00%


Table 48: Total Crashes – Local Rural Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater 1 1 0.47% 51 7.54%
30 - 49 2 3 1.40% 123 18.20%
20 - 29 2 5 2.34% 177 26.18%
10-19 7 12 5.61% 291 43.05%
5-9 16 28 13.08% 393 58.14%
4 8 36 16.82% 425 62.87%
3 19 55 25.70% 482 71.30%
2 35 90 42.06% 552 81.66%
1 124 214 100.00% 676 100.00%
Total 214 214 100.00% 676 100.00%


Table 49: Total Crashes – Local Rural Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater 1 1 0.02% 60 0.59%
30 - 49 5 6 0.10% 231 2.27%
20 - 29 5 11 0.18% 337 3.32%
10-19 58 69 1.14% 1,110 10.93%
5-9 212 281 4.64% 2,423 23.86%
4 140 421 6.96% 2,983 29.38%
3 325 746 12.32% 3,958 38.98%
2 889 1,635 27.01% 5,736 56.49%
1 4,418 6,053 100.00% 10,154 100.00%
Total 6,053 6,053 100.00% 10,154 100.00%


Table 50: Total Crashes – Local Urban Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 58 58 0.95% 7,650 10.36%
50 - 99 258 316 5.16% 24,839 33.65%
30 - 49 401 717 11.72% 39,978 54.16%
20 - 29 447 1,164 19.02% 50,712 68.70%
10-19 818 1,982 32.39% 62,077 84.10%
5-9 893 2,875 46.98% 68,064 92.21%
4 314 3,189 52.12% 69,320 93.91%
3 433 3,622 59.19% 70,619 95.67%
2 699 4,321 70.62% 72,017 97.56%
1 1,798 6,119 100.00% 73,815 100.00%
Total 6,119 6,119 100.00% 73,815 100.00%


Table 51: Total Crashes – Local Urban Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 8 8 0.02% 1,066 0.76%
50 - 99 97 105 0.30% 7,683 5.51%
30 - 49 293 398 1.14% 18,328 13.14%
20 - 29 588 986 2.83% 32,119 23.03%
10-19 2,289 3,275 9.40% 62,484 44.79%
5-9 4,773 8,048 23.11% 93,307 66.89%
4 2,129 10,177 29.22% 101,823 73.00%
3 3,389 13,566 38.95% 111,990 80.28%
2 6,238 19,804 56.86% 124,466 89.23%
1 15,025 34,829 100.00% 139,491 100.00%
Total 34,821 34,829 100.00% 139,491 100.00%


Table 52: Angle Crashes – Local Rural Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 1 1 0.89% 28 11.76%
10-19 4 5 4.46% 73 30.67%
5-9 4 9 8.04% 100 42.02%
4 3 12 10.71% 112 47.06%
3 7 19 16.96% 133 55.88%
2 12 31 27.68% 157 65.97%
1 81 112 100.00% 238 100.00%
Total 112 112 100.00% 238 100.00%


Table 53: Angle Crashes – Local Urban Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 3 3 0.07% 320 1.01%
50 - 99 48 51 1.22% 3,353 10.60%
30 - 49 154 205 4.92% 9,036 28.56%
20 - 29 230 435 10.44% 14,591 46.11%
10-19 582 1,017 24.41% 22,411 70.82%
5-9 715 1,732 41.57% 27,195 85.94%
4 266 1,998 47.96% 28,259 89.31%
3 339 2,337 56.10% 29,276 92.52%
2 538 2,875 69.01% 30,352 95.92%
1 1,291 4,166 100.00% 31,643 100.00%
Total 4,166 4,166 100.00% 31,643 100.00%


Table 54: Left Turn Crashes (>=2 Vehicles) – Local Rural Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 1 1 1.12% 31 15.82%
20 - 29 - 1 1.12% 31 15.82%
10-19 1 2 2.25% 43 21.94%
5-9 6 8 8.99% 84 42.86%
4 2 10 11.24% 92 46.94%
3 7 17 19.10% 113 57.65%
2 11 28 31.46% 135 68.88%
1 61 89 100.00% 196 100.00%
Total 89 89 100.00% 196 100.00%


Table 55: Left Turn Crashes (>=2 Vehicles) – Local Rural Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 2 2 0.12% 30 1.45%
5-9 18 20 1.22% 130 6.28%
4 18 38 2.32% 202 9.76%
3 42 80 4.88% 328 15.85%
2 181 261 15.90% 690 33.33%
1 1,380 1,641 100.00% 2,070 100.00%
Total 1,641 1,641 100.00% 2,070 100.00%


Table 56: Left Turn Crashes (>=2 Vehicles) – Local Urban Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 3 3 0.08% 308 1.56%
50 - 99 21 24 0.66% 1,592 8.06%
30 - 49 58 82 2.27% 3,690 18.69%
20 - 29 110 192 5.30% 6,298 31.89%
10-19 352 544 15.03% 11,036 55.89%
5-9 665 1,209 33.40% 15,369 77.83%
4 231 1,440 39.78% 16,293 82.51%
3 348 1,788 49.39% 17,337 87.80%
2 578 2,366 65.36% 18,493 93.65%
1 1,254 3,620 100.00% 19,747 100.00%
Total 3,620 3,620 100.00% 19,747 100.00%


Table 57: Left Turn Crashes (>=2 Vehicles) – Local Urban Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
50 - 99 2 2 0.02% 119 0.42%
30 - 49 12 14 0.11% 557 1.98%
20 - 29 44 58 0.44% 1,591 5.65%
10-19 224 282 2.13% 4,488 15.94%
5-9 868 1,150 8.69% 9,978 35.44%
4 563 1,713 12.94% 12,230 43.44%
3 1,005 2,718 20.53% 15,245 54.14%
2 2,393 5,111 38.61% 20,031 71.14%
1 8,125 13,236 100.00% 28,156 100.00%
Total 13,236 13,236 100.00% 28,156 100.00%


Table 58: Pedestrian Crashes – Local Rural Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
5-9 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
4 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
3 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
2 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
1 1 1 100.00% 1 100.00%
Total 1 1 100.00% 1 100.00%


Table 59: Pedestrian Crashes – Local Rural Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
5-9 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
4 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
3 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
2 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
1 15 15 100.00% 15 100.00%
Total 15 15 100.00% 15 100.00%


Table 60: Pedestrian Crashes – Local Urban Roads – Signalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
50 - 99 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 1 1 0.17% 12 1.37%
5-9 20 21 3.60% 122 13.88%
4 13 34 5.83% 174 19.80%
3 30 64 10.98% 264 30.03%
2 96 160 27.44% 456 51.88%
1 423 583 100.00% 879 100.00%
Total 583 583 100.00% 879 100.00%


Table 61: Pedestrian Crashes – Local Urban Roads – Unsignalized TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
50 - 99 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
5-9 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
4 2 2 0.34% 8 0.91%
3 - 2 0.34% 8 0.91%
2 15 17 2.92% 38 4.32%
1 335 352 60.38% 373 42.43%
Total 352 583 100.00% 879 100.00%


Table 62: Dark Crashes – Local Rural Roads – All TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
50 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
20 - 29 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
10-19 1 1 0.07% 14 0.81%
5-9 13 14 0.97% 86 4.98%
4 11 25 1.72% 130 7.52%
3 29 54 3.72% 217 12.56%
2 115 169 11.66% 447 25.87%
1 1,281 1,450 100.00% 1,728 100.00%
Total 1,450 1,450 100.00% 1,728 100.00%


Table 63: Dark Crashes – Local Urban Roads – All TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater 1 1 0.01% 114 0.25%
50 - 99 25 26 0.16% 1,682 3.66%
30 - 49 75 101 0.61% 4,406 9.59%
20 - 29 149 250 1.50% 7,924 17.25%
10-19 538 788 4.74% 15,061 32.79%
5-9 1,344 2,132 12.81% 23,716 51.63%
4 767 2,899 17.42% 26,784 58.31%
3 1,255 4,154 24.96% 30,549 66.51%
2 2,896 7,050 42.37% 36,341 79.12%
1 9,591 16,641 100.00% 45,932 100.00%
Total 16,641 16,641 100.00% 45,932 100.00%


Table 64: Wet Pavement Crashes (>=45 MPH) – Local Roads – All TCD – 2003-2008 – Summary
NUMBER OF CRASHES PER INTERSECTION NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE INTERSECTIONS CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUMULATIVE CRASHES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
100 and greater - - 0.00% - 0.00%
50 - 99 - - 0.00% - 0.00%
30 - 49 1 1 0.04% 31 0.70%
20 - 29 4 5 0.20% 115 2.60%
10-19 24 29 1.16% 429 9.69%
5-9 115 144 5.74% 1,140 25.76%
4 78 222 8.86% 1,452 32.81%
3 155 377 15.04% 1,917 43.31%
2 379 756 30.16% 2,675 60.44%
1 1,751 2,507 100.00% 4,426 100.00%
Total 2,507 2,507 100.00% 4,426 100.00%


Table 65: High Intersection Fatality Section Corridors – 2003-2008
COUNTY ON LOCATION STREET SEVERITY TOTAL CRASHES
FATAL INCAPACITATING INJURY EVIDENT INJURY PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
H 30 13 92 295 857 1,257
R 1 12 35 60 133 240
S 62 9 20 71 196 296
A 31 8 29 103 587 727
P 72 8 41 82 198 329
N 6 8 27 52 128 215
B 40 7 51 66 173 297
C 3 7 27 106 318 458
F 52 7 20 209 565 801
R 301 7 15 93 288 403
AA 5 7 43 377 1,068 1,495
CC 1012 7 42 423 1,310 1,782
F 5 6 16 368 892 1,282
J ELM ST 6 56 312 768 1,142
FF 30 6 68 184 376 634
O 702 6 20 80 194 300
E 62 6 11 72 212 301
L 1 6 15 246 860 1,127
W 33 6 91 457 2,159 2,713
Z 501 6 40 27 69 142
B 6 6 63 1,051 3,245 4,365
G 30 6 14 484 1,433 1,937


Table 66: Jurisdictions – Fatalities, Injuries, and Total Crashes at Intersections – 2003-2008
NAME SEVERITY TOTAL CRASHES
FATAL INCAPACITATING INJURY EVIDENT INJURY PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
City P 106 701 11,909 42,490 55,206
City R 90 1,027 10,750 40,993 52,860
City B 34 395 6,842 15,851 23,122
City D 25 256 2,717 8,383 11,381

Return to Top


Countermeasure Information

Table 67: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Countermeasures at Stop-Controlled Intersections
Countermeasure Crash Reduction Factor Typical Urban Crash Threshold Typical Rural Crash Threshold Additional Implementation Factors Typical Implementation Cost Range per Intersection
Basic set of sign and marking improvements 40% 10 crashes in 5 years 4-5 crashes in 5 years None $5,000 to $8,000
Installation of a 6 ft. or greater raised divider on stop approach (installed separately as a supplemental counter measure ) 15% 20 crashes in 5 years 10 crashes in 5 years Widening required to install island $25,000 to $75,000 (pavement widening but no ROW required)
Either a) flashing solar powered LED beacons on advance intersection warning signs and STOP signs or b) flashing overhead intersection beacons 10% (13% for right angle crashes) 15-20 crashes in 5 years 8-10 crashes in 5 years None $5,000 to $15,000
Dynamic warning sign which advises through traffic that a stopped vehicle is at the intersection and may enter the intersection Unknown 20-30 crashes in 5 years 10-20 crashes in 5 years 5 angle crashes in 5 years and inadequate sight distance from the stop approach $10,000 to $25,000
Transverse rumble strips across the stop approach lanes in rural areas where noise is not a concern and running STOP signs is a problem ("Stop Ahead" pavement marking legend if noise is a concern) 28% (transverse rumble strips) 15% ("Stop Ahead" pavement markings) 5 running STOP sign crashes in 5 years 3 running STOP sign crashes in 5 years Inadequate stopping sight distance on the stop approach $3,000 to $10,000
Dynamic warning sign on the stop approach to advise high-speed approach traffic that a stopped condition is ahead Unknown 8 running STOP sign crashes in 5 years 5 running STOP sign crashes in 5 years Inadequate stopping sight distance on the stop approach $10,000 to $25,000
Extension of the through edge line using short skip pattern may assist drivers to stop at the optimum point Unknown 10 crashes in 5 years 5 crashes in 5 years Wide throat and observed vehicles stopping too far back from the intersection Less than $1,000
Reflective stripes on sign posts may increase attention to the sign, particularly at night Unknown 10 crashes in 5 years 5 crashes in 5 years Sign visibility or conspicuity significantly degraded particularly at night Less than $1,000


Table 68: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Countermeasures at J-Turn Stop-Controlled Intersections
Countermeasure Crash Reduction Factor Typical Urban Crash Threshold Typical Rural Crash Threshold Additional Intersection Concern Implementation Cost Range per Intersection
J-turn modifications on high-speed divided arterials 100% cross path, 72-84% frontal impact, 43-53% all crashes 4 angle crashes in 5 years* 4 angle crashes in 5 years* Ability to make U-turn within about ¼ to ½ mile of intersection $5,000 to $50,000
* If a highway section has a series of stop-controlled intersections with a high collective number of angle crashes, it is preferable to treat the problem on a system basis addressing all of the stop-controlled intersections rather than improving a few intersections that have isolated high numbers of angle crashes.


Table 69: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Countermeasures at Signalized Intersections
Countermeasure Crash Reduction Factor Typical Urban Crash Threshold Typical Rural Crash Threshold Additional Implementation Factors Typical Implementation Cost Range per Intersection
Basic set of signal and sign improvements 30% 20 crashes in 5 years 10 crashes in 5 years None $5,000 to $30,000
Change of permitted and protected left-turn phase to protected-only 41-48% of left turn crashes 5 left turn movement crashes; 3 or more opposing through lanes; minimal turning gaps available 5 left turn movement crashes; 3 or more opposing through lanes; minimal turning gaps available None $5,000 to $10,000
Advance cross street name signs for high-speed approaches on arterial highways Unknown 20 crashes in 5 years 10 crashes in 5 years High-speed approaches on four or more lane arterial highways $1,000 to $5,000
Advance left and right "Signal Ahead" warning signs for isolated traffic signals 22% 20 crashes in 5 years 10 crashes in 5 years Isolated traffic signal with one or more miles between signals; or traffic signals that are not readily visible due to highway alignment or obstructions $1,000
Supplemental signal face per approach 28% 20 crashes in 5 years 10 crashes in 5 years Signal faces obstructed by horizontal alignment; or exceptionally wide intersections (>100 ft) where a near side signal is needed $5,000 to $15,000
Advance detection control systems 40% (injuries) 5 angle crashes in 5 years 5 angle crashes in 5 years Isolated high-speed (45mph or greater) signalized intersections $15,000
Signal coordination 32% 20 crashes in 5 years per intersection 10 crashes in 5 years per intersection Arterials with closely spaced (about 1/2 mile maximum) signals $5,000 to $50,000
Pedestrian countdown signals 25% (pedestrian crashes) 2 pedestrian crashes in 5 years 2 pedestrian crashes in 5 years None $5,000 to $15,000
Separate pedestrian phasing 34% pedestrian crashes) 2 pedestrian crashes in 5 years involving a turning vehicle 2 pedestrian crashes in 5 years involving a turning vehicle None $5,000 to $15,000
Pedestrian ladder or cross-hatched crosswalk and advanced pedestrian warning signs 15% (pedestrian crashes) for signs Unknown for crosswalk 2 pedestrian crashes in 5 years 2 pedestrian crashes in 5 years None $1,000 to $3,000


Table 70: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Lighting Countermeasures at Unlit or Poorly Lit Intersections
Countermeasure Crash Reduction Factor Typical Urban Crash Threshold Typical Rural Crash Threshold Additional Intersection Concern Implementation Cost Range per Intersection
New or upgraded lighting 50% (NEW), 25% (UPGRADED) of night crashes 10 night crashes in 5 years and a night /total crash ratio above the statewide average for urban unlit intersections 5 night crashes in 5 years and a night/total crash ratio above the statewide average for rural unlit intersections None $5,000 to $15,000


Table 71: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Skid Resistance Countermeasures at Intersections with High Rates of Low-Friction Crashes
Countermeasure Crash Reduction Factor Typical Urban Crash Threshold Typical Rural Crash Threshold Additional Intersection Concern Implementation Cost Range per Intersection
Skid resistance surface 50% ( wet pavement crashes only) 8 wet pavement crashes in 5 years, a wet /total crash ratio above the statewide average wet/total crashes for intersections 8 wet pavement crashes in 5 years, a wet /total crash ratio above the statewide average wet/total crashes for intersections High-speed approaches (45mph or greater) and a ribbed tire skid number of about 30 or less. $20,000 to $50,000


Table 72: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Countermeasures at Stop-Controlled Intersections with High-Speed Approaches
Countermeasure Crash Reduction Factor Typical Urban Crash Threshold Typical Rural Crash Threshold Additional Intersection Concern Implementation Cost Range per Intersection
Lane narrowing using pavement marking and shoulder rumble strips 31% 10 speed-related crashes in 5 years 5 speed-related crashes in 5 years Free of noise and bicycle issues-single through lane $20,000 to $40,000
Lane narrowing using pavement marking and raised pavement markers Unknown but probably less than 31% 10 speed-related crashes in 5 years 5 speed-related crashes in 5 years Single through lane $5,000 to $10,000
Peripheral Transverse pavement markings Unknown 10 speed-related crashes in 5 years 5 speed-related crashes in 5 years empty cell $3,000 to $5,000
Dynamic speed warning sign to reduce speed 30% 10 speed-related crashes in five years 5 speed-related crashes in 5 years empty cell $10,000
"Slow" pavement markings Unknown 10 speed-related crashes in 5 years 5 speed-related crashes in 5 years empty cell $2,000 to $5,000
High-friction surface 25% (All crashes) 10 speed-related crashes in 5 years 5 speed-related crashes in 5 years empty cell $20,00 to $50,000


Table 73: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Corridor and Municipal Enforcement Countermeasures
Countermeasure Crash Reduction Factor Typical Urban Crash Threshold Typical Rural Crash Threshold Additional Intersection Concern Implementation Cost Range
Corridor engineering, education, and enforcement (3E) improvements on high-speed arterials with very high frequencies of severe intersection crashes 25% of corridor intersection fatal and incapacitating injury crashes 10 or more intersection fatalities 10 or more intersection fatalities Length of corridor should be in the 5-10 mile range $1,000,000 per corridor + $100,000 education and enforcement annually per corridor
Municipal-wide 3E improvements in municipalities with high frequencies of severe intersection crashes 10% of all intersection crashes Top 5 or so municipalities with the most intersection fatalities   Consider density of severe crashes per capita $500,000 to 1,000,000 + $100,000 to 200,000 (dependent on the size of the city) education and enforcement annually per municipality


Table 74: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Countermeasures for Education-Enforcement Strategies at Signalized Intersections to Reduce Red-Light Running
Countermeasure Crash Reduction Factor Typical Urban Crash Threshold Typical Rural Crash Threshold Additional Intersection Concern Implementation Cost Range
Automated red-light enforcement 25% of angle crashes 8 angle crashes in 5 years 4 angle crashes in 5 years Enabling legal authority required Normally 0 if operated by contractor
Enforcement-assisted lights 15% of angle crashes 8 angle crashes in 5 years 4 angle crashes in 5 years Enforcement commitment required $1,000


Table 75: Crash Reduction Factors, Typical Crash Thresholds, Additional Application Factors, and Estimated Implementation Cost Ranges for Traditional Major Countermeasures
Countermeasure Crash Reduction Factor Typical Urban Crash Threshold Typical Rural Crash Threshold Additional Intersection Concern Implementation Cost Range
Roundabouts 72% to 87% (injuries and fatalities) Intersections with the most frequent severe crashes statewide Intersections with the most frequent severe crashes statewide Right of way restrictions; individual intersection analysis required $500,000 to $1 million each
Left-turn channelization 13% to 24% for left-turn crashes at signalized intersections, 37% to 60% for left-turn crashes at stop-controlled intersections Intersections with the most frequent severe crashes statewide Intersections with the most frequent severe crashes statewide Right of way restrictions; individual intersection analysis required $350,000 to $400,000 each

Return to Top


Straw Man Outline of Countermeasures – Systematic Approach

Table 76: Basic Set of Sign and Marking Improvements – State Stop-Controlled Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years) Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements1 Construction Costs
($ Million)2		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction3 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
Basic Set of Sign and Marking Improvements – Rural 6 1,221 13,722 977 7.82 1.6 732 11.71
Basic Set of Sign and Marking Improvements – Urban 30 474 23,795 379 3.03 0.21 1,269 2.67
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 1,356 10.85 empty cell empty cell 14.38
1 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved.
2 Assumes an average cost of $8,000 per intersection.
3 A CRF of 0.40 is used.


Table 77: J-Turn Modifications on High-Speed Divided Arterials – State, Rural, Stop-Controlled Intersections – Comparison of Costs, and Fatalities Reduced at Various Crash Threshold Levels
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years) Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements1 Construction Costs
($ Million)2		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction3 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
Flashing Solar Powered LED Beacons on Advance Intersection Warning Signs and Stop Signs or Flashing Overhead Intersection Beacons – Rural 24 66 2,261 52 0.52 1.6 24 0.38
Flashing Solar Powered LED Beacons on Advance Intersection Warning Signs and Stop Signs or Flashing Overhead Intersection Beacons – Urban 100 21 2,842 17 0.17 0.21 30 0.06
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 69 0.69 empty cell 54 0.44
1 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved.
2 Assumes an average cost of $50,000 per intersection.
3 A CRF of 0.50 is used.



Table 78: J-Turn Modifications on High-Speed Divided Arterials – State, Rural, Stop-Controlled Intersections – Comparison of Costs, and Fatalities Reduced at Various Crash Threshold Levels
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years) Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements1 Construction Costs
($ Million)2		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction3 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
J-Turns Modifications on High-Speed Divided Arterials – Option 1 4 318 2,586 254 12.70 3.74 172 6.43
J-Turns Modifications on High-Speed Divided Arterials – Option 2 5 239 2,270 191 9.55 3.74 151 5.65
J-Turns Modifications on High-Speed Divided Arterials – Option 3 10 70 1,160 56 2.80 3.74 77 2.87
1 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved.
2 Assumes an average cost of $50,000 per intersection.
3 A CRF of 0.50 is used.


Table 79: J-Turn Modifications on High-Speed Divided Arterials – State, Urban, Stop-Controlled Intersections – Comparison of Costs, and Fatalities Reduced at Various Crash Threshold Levels
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years) Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements1 Construction Costs
($ Million)2		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction3 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
J-Turns Modifications on High-Speed Divided Arterials – Option 1 20 213 7943 170 8.5 0.36 530 1.91
J-Turns Modifications on High-Speed Divided Arterials – Option 2 30 109 5478 87 4.35 0.36 366 1.31
J-Turns Modifications on High-Speed Divided Arterials – Option 3 50 37 2719 30 1.5 0.36 181 0.65
1 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved.
2 Assumes an average cost of $50,000 per intersection.
3 A CRF of 0.50 is used.


Table 80: Basic Set of Sign and Marking Improvements - Local Stop-Controlled Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years) Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements1 Construction Costs
($ Million)2		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction3 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
Basic Set of Sign and Marking Improvements – Rural 6 190 1,968 152 1.22 0.21 105 0.22
Basic Set of Sign and Marking Improvements – Urban 50 105 7,683 84 0.67 0.12 410 0.49
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 236 1.89   555 0.71
1 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved.
2 Assumes an average cost of $80,000 per intersection.
3 A CRF of 0.40 is used.


Table 81: Basic Set of Sign and Marking Improvements – State Signalized Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years) Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements1 Construction Costs
($ Million)2		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction3 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
Basic Set of Signal and Sign Improvements – Rural 20 67 2,258 54 1.62 0.41 90 0.37
Basic Set of Signal and Sign Improvements – Urban 50 371 28,570 300 9 0.17 1,142 1.94
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 354 10.62 empty cell 1,232 2.31
1 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved.
2 Assumes an average cost of $30,000 per intersection.
3 A CRF of 0.30 is used.


Table 82: Change of Permitted and Protected Left-Turn Phase to Protected Only – State Signalized Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years) Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements1 Construction Costs
($ Million)2		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction3 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
Change of Permitted and Protected Left-Turn Phase to Protected Only – Rural 5 87 841 61 0.3 0.39 47 0.18
Change of Permitted and Protected Left-Turn Phase to Protected Only – Urban 10 678 13,781 475 2.37 0.17 772 1.31
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 536 2.67 empty cell 819 1.49
1 Assumes 70% of locations can be improved.
2 Assumes an average cost of $5,000 per intersection.
3 A CRF of 0.48 is used.


Table 83: Advance Detection Control Systems – Isolated High-Speed State, Rural, Signalized Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years)1 Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements2 Construction Costs
($ Million)3		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction4 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
Advance Detection Control Systems 5 87 841 61 0.3 0.39 47 0.18
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 536 2.67 empty cell 819 1.49
1 Angle crashes.
2 Assumes 60% of locations can be improved.
3 Assumes an average cost of $15,000 per intersection.
4 A CRF of 0.40 is used.


Table 84: Basic Set of Signal and Sign Improvements – Local Signalized Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years) Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements1 Construction Costs
($ Million)2		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction3 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
Basic Set of Signal and Sign Improvements – Rural 10 12 291 10 0.3 0.74 12 0.09
Basic Set of Signal and Sign Improvements – Urban 50 316 24,839 253 7.59 0.22 993 2.18
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 263 7.89 empty cell 1,005 2.27
1 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved.
2 Assumes an average cost of $30,000 per intersection.
3 A CRF of 0.30 is used.


Table 85: Change of Permitted and Protected Left-Turn Phase to Protected Only – Local Signalized Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years) Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements1 Construction Costs
($ Million)2		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction3 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
Change of Permitted and Protected Left-Turn Phase to Protected Only – Rural 5 8 84 6 0.03 0.51 5 0.03
Change of Permitted and Protected Left-Turn Phase to Protected Only – Urban 10 544 11,036 381 1.91 0.2 618 1.24
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 387 1.94 empty cell 623 1.27
1 Assumes 70% of locations can be improved.
2 Assumes an average cost of $5,000 per intersection.
3 A CRF of 0.48 is used.


Table 86: Pedestrian Improvements (Pedestrian Countdown Signals, Separate Pedestrian Phasing, Pedestrian Ladder or Cross-Hatched Crosswalk and Advanced Pedestrian Warning Signs) – State Urban Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years) Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements1 Construction Costs
($ Million)2		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction3 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
Pedestrian Improvements – Signalized 2 29 67 24 0.72 2.12 4 0.08
Pedestrian Improvements – Stop-Controlled 2 1 2 1 0.03 2.12 est. - -
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 25 0.75 empty cell 4 0.08
1 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved.
2 Assumes an average cost of $30,000 per intersection.
3 A CRF of 0.40 is used.


Table 87: Pedestrian Improvements (Pedestrian Countdown Signals, Separate Pedestrian Phasing, Pedestrian Ladder or Cross-Hatched Crosswalk and Advanced Pedestrian Warning Signs) – Local Urban Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years) Number of Statewide Crash Intersections Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements1 Construction Costs
($ Million)2		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction3 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
Pedestrian Improvements – Signalized 2 160 456 128 3.84 3.3 24 0.79
Pedestrian Improvements – Stop-Controlled 2 17 38 14 1.14 1.34 2 0.02
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 142 4.98 empty cell 26 0.81
1 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved.
2 Assumes an average cost of $30,000 per intersection.
3 A CRF of 0.40 is used.


Table 88: New or Upgraded Lighting – State Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years)1 Number of Statewide Crash Intersections2 Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements3 Construction Costs
($ Million)4		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction5 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
New or Upgraded Lighting – Urban 30 100 est. 4,200 est. 80 1.2 0.25 140 0.35
New or Upgraded Lighting – Rural 5 130 est. 980 est. 104 1.54 2.2 65 1.43
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 204 2.74 empty cell 205 1.78
1 Dark crashes.
2 Dark crashes only and where the intersection dark/total ratio exceeds the statewide dark/total crash ratio of 0.20.
3 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved, rural intersections are predominantly unlit, and urban intersections are poorly lit.
4 Assumes an average cost of $15,000 per intersection.
5 A CRF of 0.50 night crashes is used for rural unlit intersections; 0.25 of night crashes for poorly lit urban intersections.


Table 88: New or Upgraded Lighting – State Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years)1 Number of Statewide Crash Intersections2 Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements3 Construction Costs
($ Million)4		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction5 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
New or Upgraded Lighting – Urban 30 100 est. 4,200 est. 80 1.2 0.25 140 0.35
New or Upgraded Lighting – Rural 5 130 est. 980 est. 104 1.54 2.2 65 1.43
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 204 2.74 empty cell 205 1.78
1 Dark crashes.
2 Dark crashes only and where the intersection dark/total ratio exceeds the statewide dark/total crash ratio of 0.20.
3 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved, rural intersections are predominantly unlit, and urban intersections are poorly lit.
4 Assumes an average cost of $15,000 per intersection.
5 A CRF of 0.50 night crashes is used for rural unlit intersections; 0.25 of night crashes for poorly lit urban intersections.


Table 89: New or Upgraded Lighting – Local Intersections
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years)1 Number of Statewide Crash Intersections2 Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements3 Construction Costs
($ Million)4		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction5 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
New or Upgraded Lighting – Urban 30 90 est. 3900 est. 72 1.08 0.33 117 0.38
New or Upgraded Lighting – Rural 5 12 est. 75 est. 10 0.15 0.8 5 0.04
Total empty cell empty cell empty cell 82 1.23 empty cell 122 0.42
1 Dark crashes.
2 Dark crashes only and where the intersection dark/total ratio exceeds the statewide dark/total crash ratio of 0.20.
3 Assumes 80% of locations can be improved, rural intersections are predominantly unlit, and urban intersections are poorly lit.
4 Assumes an average cost of $15,000 per intersection.
5 A CRF of 0.50 night crashes is used for rural unlit intersections; 0.25 of night crashes for poorly lit urban intersections.


Table 90: High-Friction Surface – State Intersections, 45 mph or Greater Speed Limit
Countermeasure Threshold Crash Level (6 Years)1 Number of Statewide Crash Intersections2 Number of Targeted 6 Year Crashes in the Intersections Estimated Number of Improvements3 Construction Costs
($ Million)4		 Fatalities per 100 Crashes Annual Targeted Crash Reduction5 Annual Estimated Fatality Reduction
High-Friction Surface 10 190 est. 2,900 est. 133 6.65 1.48 193 2.85
1 Wet crashes at intersections with speed limits of 45 mph or greater.
2 Assumes 70% of intersections have a skid number of 30 or less and can be overlaid.
3 Assumes these intersections have at least 10 wet pavement crashes and a wet/total ratio of at least 0.18.
4 Assumes an average cost of $50,000 per intersection to remove any significant rutting and apply a thin epoxy anti-skid surface.
5 A CRF of 0.50 is used.

Return to Top


Straw Man Outline of Countermeasures – Comprehensive Approach

Table 91: Enforcement-Assisted Lights – Candidate Cities
Name Angle Crashes Estimated Angle Crashes at Signalized Intersections (45% of Total Angle Crashes)
City A 22,336 10,050
City B 22,335 10,050
City C 8,182 3,680
City D 4,228 1,900
City E 4,181 1,880
City F 3,415 1,540
City G 3,411 1,540
Total 68,088 30,640
It is estimated that the total number of signals in these cities is 2,300 (10,500 total signals x 30/138)
A CRF of 0.15 for enforcement-assisted lights is used.It is assumed that 5 of the 7 cities, including Cities A and B will agree to adopt the enforcement-assisted lights and will apply them at signalized intersections that comprise 90% of all angle crashes. The estimated angle crashes in these cities is 0.90 x 30,640 = 27,500 angle crashes at signalized intersections impacted.
The severity of angle crashes at intersections within these cities is estimated at 0.25 fatalities/100 crashes.
The estimated annual fatality reduction for citywide efforts is (27,500 x 0.15) x (0.25/100)/6 = 1.72.
The cost for adding the enforcement-assisted lights at 2,300 intersections at $300 per intersection is $0.69 million.


Table 92: Corridor 3E Improvements on High-Speed Arterials with Very High Frequencies of Severe Intersection Crashes – Candidate Locations
COUNTY ON LOCATION STREET SEVERITY TOTAL CRASHES
FATAL INCAPACITATING INJURY EVIDENT INJURY PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
H 30 13 92 295 857 1,257
R 1 12 35 60 133 240
S 62 9 20 71 196 296
A 31 8 29 103 587 727
P 72 8 41 82 198 329
N 6 8 27 52 128 215
B 40 7 51 66 173 297
C 3 7 27 106 318 458
F 52 7 20 209 565 801
R 301 7 15 93 288 403
AA 5 7 43 377 1,068 1,495
CC 1012 7 42 423 1,310 1,782
F 5 6 16 368 892 1,282
J ELM ST 6 56 312 768 1,142
FF 30 6 68 184 376 634
O 702 6 20 80 194 300
E 62 6 11 72 212 301
L 1 6 15 246 860 1,127
W 33 6 91 457 2,159 2,713
Z 501 6 40 27 69 142
B 6 6 63 1,051 3,245 4,365
G 30 6 14 484 1,433 1,937
Number of potential corridors – 22 corridors.
Estimated number of corridors that may be implemented – 6.
Estimated fatalities at the 6 corridors – 50.
Estimated crash reduction factor for applying 3E improvements – 0.25.
Estimated annual reduction in fatalities – (50/6)(0.25) = 2.08.
Estimated costs at $1,000,000 per corridor for infrastructure and $100,000 for education/enforcement = $6.0 million (infrastructure), $0.6 million annually (education and enforcement).


Table 93: Municipal-Wide 3E Improvements in Municipalities with High Frequencies of Severe Intersection Crashes – Candidate Cities with the Highest Intersection Fatalities and Crashes
CITY SEVERITY TOTAL CRASHES
FATAL INCAPACITATING INJURY EVIDENT INJURY PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY
City P 106 701 11,909 42,490 55,206
City R 90 1,027 10,750 40,993 52,860
City B 34 395 6,842 15,851 23,122
City D 25 256 2,717 8,383 11,381
Number of potential cities – 4 cities.
Number of intersection fatalities within candidate cities – 109.
Estimated number of cities that may pursue 3E improvements – 3 (City P, City R and one of the remaining cities).
Estimated fatalities within the 3 cities = 225.
Estimated crash reduction factor for applying 3E improvements = 0.10.
Estimated annual reduction in fatalities = (225/6)(0.10) = 3.75.
Estimated costs at $2,000,000 per city for infrastructure and $200,000 for education/enforcement for City P and City R and $1,000,000 for remaining city infrastructure and $100,000 for education/enforcement = $5.0 million (infrastructure), $0.5 million annually (education and enforcement).


Table 94: Municipal-Wide 3E Improvements in Municipalities with High Frequencies of Severe Intersection Crashes - Candidate Cities with the Highest Intersection Pedestrian Crashes
City Pedestrian Crashes
City P 624
City R 240
City B 56
City F 47
City D 32


Speed Reduction Enhancements

Candidate locations – State and local intersections with 5 or more speed related crashes at rural intersections or 8 or more speed related crashes at urban intersections. (Speed related defined as Speeding or Too Fast for Conditions in the harmful events (if data is available).

Return to Top

Straw Man Outline of Countermeasures – Traditional Approach

Table 95: Roundabouts – Candidate Intersections
Locality and Ownership Traffic Control Threshold Crash Level Fatalities per 100 Crashes Number of Intersections Number of Crashes
State Rural Intersections Signalized 50 Crashes 0.41 8 573
State Rural Intersections Stop-Controlled 50 Crashes 1.6 7 428
State Urban Intersections Signalized 150 Crashes 0.17 13 2,170
State Urban Intersections Stop-Controlled 150 Crashes 0.21 4 780
Number of potential Intersections – 28.
Number of crashes at the 28 intersections – 3,951.
Estimated number of intersections that may be candidates for roundabouts – 6 (2 rural stop-controlled, 2 rural signal, 1 urban stop-controlled).
Estimated annual crashes:

Rural Stop-Controlled = (2/7)(428/6) =20.
Rural Signal = (2/8)(573/6) = 24.
Urban Stop-Controlled = (1/4)(780/6)= 33.
Estimated injury and fatality crash reduction factor – 0.90.

Estimated annual reduction in fatalities= [(20/100)(1.6) + (24/100)(0.41) + (33/100)(0.21)](0.90)= 0.45.
Estimated costs at $800,000 per intersection = $4.0 million.


Return to Top


Summary Straw Man Outline of Countermeasures

Table 96: Summary of Countermeasure Benefits and Costs
Category Approach Number of Intersections Construction Cost ($ Million) Enforcement, Education and EMS Costs (Annual
$ Thousand)		 Estimated Annual Fatalities Reduced Millions Expended Per Annual Life Saved
Basic Set of Sign and Marking Improvements – State Stop-Controlled Intersections Systematic 1,356 10.85 empty cell 14.38 0.75
Flashing Solar Powered LED Beacons on Advance Intersection Warning Signs and STOP Signs or Flashing Overhead Intersection Beacons – State Stop-Controlled Intersections Systematic 69 0.69 empty cell 0.44 1.56
J-Turn Modifications on High-Speed Divided Arterials – State Rural Stop-Controlled Intersections Systematic 239 9.55 empty cell 5.65 1.69
J-Turn Modifications on High-Speed Divided Arterials – State Urban Stop-Controlled Intersections Systematic 109 4.35 empty cell 1.31 3.32
Basic Set of Sign and Marking Improvements – Local Stop-Controlled Intersections Systematic 236 1.89 empty cell 0.71 2.48
Basic Set of Signal and Sign Improvements – State Signalized Intersections Systematic 354 10.62 empty cell 2.31 4.6
Change of Permitted and Protected Left-Turn Phase to Protected Only – State Signalized Intersections Systematic 536 2.67 empty cell 1.49 1.79
Advance Detection Control Systems – State Signalized Intersections Systematic 67 1 empty cell 0.31 3.22
Basic Set of Signal and Sign Improvements – Local Signalized Intersections Systematic 263 7.89 empty cell 2.27 3.47
Change of Permitted and Protected Left-Turn Phase to Protected Only – Local Signalized Intersections Systematic 387 1.94 empty cell 1.27 1.52
Pedestrian Improvements – State Urban Intersections Systematic 55 0.75 empty cell 0.08 9.37
Pedestrian Improvements – Local Urban Intersections Systematic 142 4.98 empty cell 0.81 6.15
New or Upgraded Lighting – State Intersections Systematic 204 2,74 empty cell 1.78 1.54
New or Upgraded Lighting – Local Intersections Systematic 82 1.23 empty cell 0.42 2.93
High-Friction Surface – State Intersections Systematic 133 6.65 empty cell 2.85 2.33
Enforcement-Assisted Lights Systematic 5 Cities 0.69 0.25 1.72 0.4
Corridor 3E Improvements on High-Speed Arterials with Very High Frequencies of Severe Intersection Crashes Comprehensive 6 Corridors 6 0.6 2.08 2.88
Municipal-Wide 3E Improvements in Municipalities with High Frequencies of Severe Intersection Crashes Comprehensive 4 Cities 5 0.5 3.75 1.33
Roundabouts Traditional 5 4 empty cell 0.45 8.88
Total empty cell 4,237 83.49 1.35 43.98 empty cell


FHWA logo.

U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Safety
1200 New Jersey Ave., S.E.
Washington, DC 20590