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Clostridium difficile Infections: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

Presentation: Clostridium difficile Infections: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Keywords: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality | diagnosis | prevention | treatment | Clostridium difficile
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Overview: Results for Nonstandard Interventions to Treat CDI or Reduce the Risk of Recurrence

Presentation: Clostridium difficile Infections: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Keywords: antibodies | C. difficile immune whey | fecal transplantation | nonstandard interventions | prebiotics | probiotics | recurrence | overview
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Nonstandard Interventions for Treatment of Multiple Recurrences of CDI

Presentation: Clostridium difficile Infections: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Keywords: C. difficile immune whey | fecal transplantation | recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI) | nonstandard interventions
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Prevention Strategies for CDI Focusing on Antibiotic Prescribing Policies

Presentation: Clostridium difficile Infections: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Keywords: prevention strategies | C. difficile infection (CDI) incidence rate | antibiotic prescribing policies | antibiotic stewardship
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Adjunctive Devices for Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Presentation: Adjunctive Devices for Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Keywords: acute coronary syndrome | comparative effectiveness review | distal embolization | percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) | thrombus | Adjunctive devices
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Antinuclear Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor, and Cyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Testing for the Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Complaints in Pediatric Populations

Presentation: Antinuclear Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor, and Cyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Testing for the Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Complaints in Pediatric Populations
Keywords: research evidence | comparative effectiveness review
This slide discusses study population and applicability. It presents a table divided into two columns with one header row and six data rows. Column one is titled “Conditions that limit applicability” and column two is titled “Features that should be extracted into evidence tables.” Each of the six data rows contains conditions described in column one and associated features to be extracted in column two. In the first row, the limiting conditions are: narrow eligibility criteria, high exclusion rate, low enrollment. The features that should be extracted are: eligibility criteria and proportion of screened individuals enrolled. In the second row, limiting conditions are: differences between patients in study and the community. The features that should be extracted are: demographics (range and mean): age, gender, race and ethnicity. In the third row, the limiting conditions are: narrow or unrepresentative severity or stage of illness. The features that should be extracted are: severity or stage of illness (referral or primary care population). In the fourth row, limiting conditions are: run-in periods with high exclusion rates. The features that should be extracted are: run-in period: attrition rate before randomization and reason (e.g., nonadherence, adverse drug events and no response). In the fifth row, limiting conditions are: event rates markedly different than in community. The features that should be extracted are: event rates in treatment and control groups. In the sixth row, limiting conditions are: disease prevalence in study population different than community. The features that should be extracted are: prevalence of disease (for diagnostic studies).
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Population and Applicability

Presentation: Assessing Applicability
Keywords: applicability | population | eligibility criteria | exclusion criteria
Comparative Effectiveness of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Off-Label Uses vs. Usual Care in the Hospital Setting This slide set is based on the research presented in a comparative effectiveness review (CER) , Comparative Effectiveness of In-Hospital Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Off-Label Indications vs. Usual Care, that was developed by the Stanford-UCSF Evidence-based Practice Center for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, MD (Contract No. 290-02-0017) and is available online at effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov. The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the author(s), who are responsible for its contents; the findings and conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ. Therefore, no statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The information presented here is intended to help health care decisionmakers—clinicians, health system leaders, and policymakers, among others—make well-informed decisions and thereby improve the quality of health care services. This information is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment. Anyone who makes decisions concerning the provision of clinical care should consider this report in the same way as any medical reference and in conjunction with all other pertinent information, that is, in the context of available resources and circumstances presented by individual patients. CERs represent systematic reviews of the literature and usually compare two or more types of treatments, such as different drugs, devices, or procedures, for the same disease. The talk will cover data collected from the Perspective Comparative Database of Premier, Inc., in Charlotte, NC (2000 to 2008), as well as the current evidence from 10 electronic databases, grey literature, trial registries, and reference lists that were searched. Finally, the manufacturer’s web site and files supplied by the manufacturer of rFVIIa (Novo Nordisk) were reviewed, bibliographies of identified meta-analyses and systematic reviews were searched, and experts in the field were contacted to uncover studies not already identified by these searches. The methods used to develop this CER followed version 1.0 of the Methods Reference Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews published by AHRQ (draft available at: http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/repFiles/2007_10DraftMethodsGuide.pdf).
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Comparative Effectiveness of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Off-Label Uses vs. Usual Care in the Hospital Setting

Presentation: Comparative Effectiveness of In-Hospital Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Off-Label Indications vs. Usual Care
Keywords: hospital setting | off-label | recombinant factor VIIa | systematic review | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | comparative effectiveness
Relative Hematoma Expansion Is Reduced After rFVIIa Use in Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage This table reports the relative change in hematoma volume as the standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval at three doses of rFVIIa used for spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant reductions in the relative hematoma expansion for patients in the rFVIIa group when compared to the usual care group at all dosing levels. While the large Mayer 2005 study reported a significant dose-response effect of reduced hematoma growth with higher doses of rFVIIa, statistical tests for differences between dosing levels in our meta-analyses found no significant dose effect.
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Relative Hematoma Expansion Is Reduced After rFVIIa Use in Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage

Presentation: Comparative Effectiveness of In-Hospital Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Off-Label Indications vs. Usual Care
Keywords: comparative effectiveness | recombinant factor VIIa | off-label | relative hematoma expansion | spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage
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Background: Treatment of GERD (1 of 2)

Presentation: Comparative Effectiveness of Management Strategies for Adults With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: An Update
Keywords: complications | H2RA | histamine type 2 receptor antagonist | PPI | proton pump inhibitor | treatment
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Background: Treatment of GERD (2 of 2)

Presentation: Comparative Effectiveness of Management Strategies for Adults With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: An Update
Keywords: endoscopic | H2RA | histamine type 2 receptor antagonist | lifestyle modification | PPI | proton pump inhibitor | surgery | treatment
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Findings of the Comparative Effectiveness Review: Medication (1 of 3)

Presentation: Comparative Effectiveness of Management Strategies for Adults With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: An Update
Keywords: GERD | histamine type 2 receptor antagonist | H2RA | proton pump inhibitor | PPI | symptom relief | esophagitis healing
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