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Cryptococcal Optimal ART Timing Trial (COAT)

This study has been completed.
Sponsor:
Collaborators:
Mbarara University of Science and Technology
Makerere University
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
University of Cape Town
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
University of Minnesota - Clinical and Translational Science Institute
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT01075152
First received: February 23, 2010
Last updated: March 4, 2013
Last verified: March 2013
History of Changes
  Purpose

The Cryptococcal Optimal ART Timing (COAT) trial seeks to determine after cryptococcal meningitis (CM) whether early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to hospital discharge results in superior survival compared to standard initiation of ART started as an outpatient.


Condition Intervention Phase
Cryptococcal Meningitis
HIV Infections
AIDS
 Other: Early HIV Therapy Initiation
Other: Active Comparer Standard HIV Therapy Initiation
 Phase 4

Study Type: Interventional
Study Design: Allocation: Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single Blind (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: Trial for the Optimal Timing of HIV Therapy After Cryptococcal Meningitis

Resource links provided by NLM:

MedlinePlus related topics: HIV/AIDS Meningitis
U.S. FDA Resources

Further study details as provided by University of Minnesota - Clinical and Translational Science Institute:

Primary Outcome Measures:
  • Survival [ Time Frame: 26 weeks from study entry ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
    Intention to treat analysis of 26 week survival of all subjects enrolled.


Secondary Outcome Measures:
  • Incidence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome [ Time Frame: 26 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
    Incidence of cryptococcal-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome through 26 weeks after enrollment.

  • Incidence of Cryptococcal-relapse [ Time Frame: 26 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
    Incidence of culture positive cryptococcal meningitis relapse

  • Safety of ART Initiation [ Time Frame: 46 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
    Incidence of Adverse Events (Grade 3,4,5) through 46-weeks

  • 46-week Survival [ Time Frame: 46 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
    46-week survival by time-to-event analysis of all subjects enrolled

  • HIV-1 Viral Suppression [ Time Frame: 26 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
    HIV-1 virologic suppression to <400 copies/mL at 26-weeks after enrollment

  • Antiretroviral Therapy Tolerability [ Time Frame: 26 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
    Incidence of antiretroviral therapy interruption by >3 consecutive days

  • Function status [ Time Frame: 46 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
    Function status via Karnofsky performance status score at 4, 26, 46 weeks.

  • Microbiologic Clearance [ Time Frame: 4 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
    Microbiologic clearance of cryptococcus as measured by serial quantitative cryptococcal cultures collected at screening, study entry, study day 7, any additional therapeutic lumbar punctures, and/or time of outpatient clinic registration (week 4).


Other Outcome Measures:
  • Pre Specified Subgroups [ Time Frame: 46 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
    • Altered mental status, Glasgow Coma Scale <=14 versus 15

    • Antigen burden

      1. Initial Diagnostic CSF quantitative culture
      2. Study entry CSF quantitative cultures
      3. Study entry: CRAG titer >1:2048
      4. Completion of Amphotericin: CSF culture positive (Study Day 7)
      5. Completion of Amphotericin: CRAG titer >1:1024 (Study Day 7)
    • Low antigen burden (CSF culture negative, CSF CRAG positive at study entry)
    • CSF inflammation (CSF WBC, CSF protein) by quartiles
    • CRP at study entry by quartiles; by log2 transformation as continuous variable
    • CD4 < 50 cells/mcL at study entry vs. >50 cells/mcL
    • CD4 at entry by quartiles
    • HIV-1 viral load at entry
    • Renal function (calculated creatinine clearance) at study entry by quartiles
    • Receiving TB treatment at entry
    • ART regimen initially prescribed (documented pre-randomization).
    • Duration/dose of amphotericin therapy


Enrollment: 177
Study Start Date: November 2010
Study Completion Date: March 2013
Primary Completion Date: October 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Arms Assigned Interventions
Experimental: Early HIV Therapy
HIV therapy initiated within 48 hours after study entry (at 7-11 days of cryptococcal treatment)
 Other: Early HIV Therapy Initiation
Treatment strategy of when to initiate first line HIV therapy
Other Name: HIV
Active Comparator: Standard HIV Therapy
HIV therapy initiated at >=4 weeks after study entry (at 7-11 days of cryptococcal meningitis treatment), per the usual standard of care
 Other: Active Comparer Standard HIV Therapy Initiation
Treatment strategy of when to initiate first line HIV therapy
Other Name: HIV Drugs

Detailed Description:

After 7-11 days of amphotericin B therapy, subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 allocation to:

  • Early initiation of ART (Experimental Group) = ART initiated within 48 hours after study entry, OR
  • Standard initiation of ART (Control Group) = ART at >=4 weeks after study entry

HIV therapy will be with efavirenz plus nucleoside backbone per national guidelines for first line therapy.

  Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:   14 Years and older
Genders Eligible for Study:   Both
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • HIV-infection, documented by ELISA
  • Antiretroviral medication naïve (excluding mother-to-child transmission therapy)
  • Age >14 years
  • Cryptococcal meningitis diagnosed by either culture or CSF cryptococcal antigen (CRAG)
  • Ability and willingness of the participant or legal guardian/representative to give informed consent.
  • Receiving amphotericin-based anti-fungal therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Study entry prior to receipt of <7 days or >11 days of amphotericin therapy
  • History of prior, known cryptococcal meningitis
  • Inability to take enteral medication
  • Receiving chemotherapy or other immunosuppressant medications
  • Cannot or unlikely to attend regular clinic visits
  • Contraindication to immediate or delayed HIV therapy based on serious co-morbidities or co-infections, or laboratory values
  • Pregnancy or Breastfeeding
  • Female participants of childbearing potential who are participating in sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy must agree to use two reliable methods of contraception
  Contacts and Locations
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01075152

Locations
South Africa
GF Jooste Hospital
Cape Town, South Africa
Uganda
Infectious Disease Institute, Mulago Hospital, Makerere University
Kampala, Uganda
Mbarara University of Science and Technology
Mbarara, Uganda
Sponsors and Collaborators
University of Minnesota - Clinical and Translational Science Institute
Mbarara University of Science and Technology
Makerere University
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
University of Cape Town
Investigators
Principal Investigator: David R Boulware, MD, MPH University of Minnesota - Clinical and Translational Science Institute
  More Information

Additional Information:
NIH NIAID FAQ on COAT Trial (Preliminary Results)  This link exits the ClinicalTrials.gov site

No publications provided

Responsible Party: University of Minnesota - Clinical and Translational Science Institute
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01075152     History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers: DAIDS-ES ID 10795, U01AI089244
Study First Received: February 23, 2010
Last Updated: March 4, 2013
Health Authority: United States: Institutional Review Board
United States: Federal Government
Uganda: National Council for Science and Technology
South Africa: Human Research Ethics Committee

Keywords provided by University of Minnesota - Clinical and Translational Science Institute:
cryptococcal meningitis
cryptococcus
cryptococcosis
 HIV
AIDS
strategy

Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HIV Infections
Meningitis
Meningitis, Cryptococcal
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
 Slow Virus Diseases
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Immune System Diseases
Central Nervous System Infections
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Meningitis, Fungal
Central Nervous System Fungal Infections
Mycoses
Cryptococcosis

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 10, 2013