Addition of Ezetimibe (Ezetrol®) to Ongoing Therapy With Rosuvastatin (Crestor®) in HIV Positive Patients Not Reaching Cholesterol Targets

• The primary endpoint is the difference in final value of serum apolipoprotein B between participants treated with rosuvastatin versus participants treated with both rosuvastatin and ezetimibe. [ Time Frame: 3 months from baseline ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• Percent change in apolipoprotein B, percent and absolute change total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoproteinB/apoliporoteinA1 ratio and C-reactive protein [ Time Frame: 3 months from baseline ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Assessment of safety parameters, specifically incidence of complications as measured by an increase in AST &/or ALT ≥3-fold ULN & a CK ≥10-fold ULN [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  

This study seeks to determine whether HIV positive patients who have suboptimal lipids and/or are not reaching specified lipid targets will benefit from the addition of a second lipid lowering drug (ezetimibe) to existing lipid lowering therapy with a statin (specifically rosuvastatin) versus increasing the dose of the ongoing statin in terms of improvements in serum lipid parameters namely total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apoB/apoA1 ratio.

The target population will be HIV+ patients with hypercholesterolemia due to highly active antiretroviral therapy, the study will have a randomized, parallel design. Sample size will be 50 patients already taking 10 mg of rosuvastatin who are not reaching lipid targets to receive either an increased dose of rosuvastatin (20mg) or to receive 10mg ezetimibe in addition to their ongoing rosuvastatin therapy. There will be 25 patients randomized to each group.

At baseline serum samples will be obtained and tested for serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, total cholesterol:HDL ratio, apoB, apoA1, apoB/apoA1 ratio, liver transaminases (AST and ALT), CK, thyroid stimulating hormone, creatinine and fasting blood glucose.

After 12 weeks of therapy serum samples will once again be obtained and tested for serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, total cholesterol:HDL ratio, apolipoprotein B100, liver transaminases (AST and ALT), CK, thyroid stimulating hormone, creatinine and fasting blood glucose.

The primary hypothesis is that the combination of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe will lower serum apolipoprotein B100/apolipoprotein A1 ratio more so than an increased dose of rosuvastatin alone, in participants with mixed dyslipidemia associated with HIV therapy.

Secondarily we believe the combination of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe will lower the concentrations of serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B100 and C-reactive protein more so than an increased dose of rosuvastatin alone, and that there will be no increase in side effects when administered to participants with mixed dyslipidemia associated with HIV therapy.