Voluntary HIV Counseling, Testing, and Medication for Pregnant Women to Prevent Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission
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Voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) and anti-HIV drugs for pregnant women and their newborns decrease rates of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. This study will determine the acceptability of HIV counseling and rapid testing prior to delivery and will compare the usefulness of VCT prior to birth versus after birth in preventing MTCT of HIV in pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa. This study will also determine the acceptability and effectiveness of giving anti-HIV medications to prevent MTCT of HIV.
Condition | Intervention |
---|---|
HIV Infections |
Procedure: Intrapartum HIV counseling/testing Procedure: Postpartum HIV counseling/testing |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Prevention |
Official Title: | Mother Infant Rapid Intervention at Delivery (MIRIAD) |
- Time required to obtain informed consent
- time from initiation of HIV pre-test counseling until test results are available
- proportion of test evaluations completed before delivery
- proportion of test evaluations completed before hospital discharge
- proportion of women who agree to HIV testing
- proportion of women identified as HIV infected during labor who accept ARV prophylaxis
- proportion of women identified as HIV infected after birth who accept ARV therapy for their infants
- timing of infant ARV prophylaxis initiation after birth, as a proportion of infants born to women identified as HIV infected after birth and as a continuous variable
- timing of mother ARV initiation as a proportion of women identified as HIV infected during labor and as a continuous variable
- qualitative measures (defined as available space, study staff allocation, support for counseling and testing, and women's perceptions and opinions of counseling and testing)
- Proportion of women with undocumented HIV infection who are tested and determined to be HIV infected peripartum
- performance of rapid HIV tests as measured by sensitivity and specificity
- proportion of infants who complete the Week 6 study visit and efforts needed to accomplish this visit
- proportion of infants being fed according to the method chosen at discharge (defined as exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive formula feeding, or mixed feeding), as reported by the mother at Week 6
- proportion of HIV-exposed infants who acquire HIV infection during delivery and after birth
- acceptance of HIV counseling and testing among clinical personnel at primary, secondary, and tertiary care facilities
Enrollment: | 283 |
Study Start Date: | November 2004 |
Study Completion Date: | December 2006 |
Pediatric HIV infection is a major public health problem in South Africa, and is primarily caused by MTCT of HIV. Strategies to prevent MTCT have been successfully employed when a mother's HIV status is known. However, there is concern in South Africa that it is unethical to offer HIV testing to women in the intrapartum period when they are experiencing the physical and emotional stress of labor. This study will compare the acceptability and accuracy of intrapartum and postpartum VCT in pregnant women of unknown HIV status in Cape Town, South Africa.
Pregnant women of unknown HIV status coming to a participating hospital to deliver will be asked to enter the trial. Women will be assigned to either intrapartum or postpartum VCT depending on the week during which they come to the hospital. The intervention (intrapartum or postpartum VCT) for the week will be randomly assigned and all women enrolling in the trial in a given week will receive the same intervention.
All women will receive HIV counseling prior to testing. Women in the intrapartum VCT group who are HIV infected will receive antiretrovirals (ARV) prior to delivery to prevent MTCT, and their infants will receive ARV within 3 days of birth. Infants born to HIV infected women in the postpartum VCT group will receive ARV as soon as possible after confirmation of the mother's positive test. All women will receive post-test counseling prior to discharge.
HIV VCT, medical history assessment, and physical exam will occur at study entry. A small subset of both HIV infected and uninfected mothers will be asked for their opinions regarding peripartum HIV VCT and MTCT prevention strategies during qualitative assessments.
Infants will undergo physical exam within 2 days of birth, medical history assessment within 2 days of birth and at 3 additional times between 6 and 14 weeks of age, and HIV testing within 2 days of birth and at 2 additional times between 6 and 12 weeks of age.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 14 Years and older |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Female |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Inclusion Criteria for Women:
- Unknown HIV infection status
- At least seven months pregnant
- Women in active labor who have planned induction or Caesarean delivery or any other condition requiring planned delivery
Inclusion Criteria for Infants:
- Mother is participating in study
- Mother is HIV infected
Exclusion Criteria for Women:
- Women in labor who need immediate delivery
- Obstetrical emergencies in which the woman is medically unstable or requires emergency delivery
- Diagnosed fetal death or fetal condition requiring abortion
South Africa | |
Hottentots Holland Hospital | |
Cape Town, South Africa, 7505 | |
Maccassar Community Health Clinic | |
Cape Town, South Africa, 7505 |
Study Chair: | Robert Maupin, Jr., MD | Louisiana State University Health Science Center |
Study Chair: | Mitchell Besser, MD | Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory |
Additional Information:
Publications:
Responsible Party: | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00084045 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | PACTG P1031A, MIRIAD |
Study First Received: | June 4, 2004 |
Last Updated: | October 26, 2012 |
Health Authority: | United States: Federal Government |
Keywords provided by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID):
HIV Seronegativity Treatment Naive Pediatric HIV Perinatal Transmission |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
HIV Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Lentivirus Infections Retroviridae Infections RNA Virus Infections Virus Diseases |
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immune System Diseases Slow Virus Diseases |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 14, 2013