Final Report - August 31, 2004

NOTICE: This document has been approved for public disclosure. Appendix E containing Sensitive Security Information has been removed. References to this appendix remain in the document.

Table of Contents

Technical Report Documentation Page

ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ACRONYMS

• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  • The Deployment Team
  • Framework to Conduct the Test
  • Initial Assessment of Risks, Threats and Vulnerabilities to Validate Research Objectives and Calibrate Operational Scenarios to be Tested
  • Selection of Technologies to Address Research Objectives and Perform Operational Scenarios
  • Operational Scenarios and Selected Technologies
  • Planning and Conducting the Field Test
  • Development of the Technology Compendium
  • Lessons Learned During Field Test
• 1.0 INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Stakeholder Involvement and Benefits
  • 1.3 Field Operational Test Requirements
  • 1.4 Description and Organization of this Document
  • 1.5 Project Team
• 2.0 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION
  • 2.1 Industry Profile
    • 2.1.1 Industry Dynamics
    • 2.1.2 Sector and Commodity Growth
  • 2.2 Hazmat Industry Technology Analysis
    • 2.2.1 Objective
    • 2.2.2 Methodology
    • 2.2.3 General Findings
  • 2.3 Technology Compendium
    • 2.3.1 Objective
    • 2.3.2 Methodology
    • 2.3.3 Results
    • 2.3.4 Technologies
• 3.0 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH
  • 3.1 Prescribed Research Objectives
  • 3.2 Adaptation of the Research Objectives to the Field Operational Test
    • 3.2.1 Threats and Vulnerabilities
    • 3.2.2 Scenario Development
  • 3.3 Technologies Addressing the Research Objectives
• 4.0 METHODOLOGY AND CONDUCT OF THE FIELD OPERATIONAL TEST
  • 4.1 Overview
  • 4.2 Threat and Vulnerability Analysis
    • 4.2.1 Consequence Analysis
    • 4.2.2 Results
  • 4.3 Scenario Development
  • 4.4 Deployment - Technologies and Operational Considerations
    • 4.4.1 FOT Design Criteria
    • 4.4.2 Technology Components
    • 4.4.3 Technology Selection Rationale
    • 4.4.4 Scenario Development
    • 4.4.5 Design and Installations
    • 4.4.6 Conduct the FOT Beta Test
    • 4.4.7 FOT Data Collection
  • 4.5 Addressing Functional Requirements
    • 4.5.1 FR 1.1 Hazmat Driver Identification and Verification by the Shipper
    • 4.5.2 FR 1.2 Hazmat Cargo Verification by the Driver, Dispatcher, and Receiver
    • 4.5.3 FR1.3 Hazmat Driver Identification and Verification by the Vehicle
    • 4.5.4 FR 1.4 Hazmat Driver Identification and Verification by the Dispatcher
    • 4.5.5 FR 1.5 Hazmat Cargo Tampering Alert to the Driver and the Dispatcher
    • 4.5.6 FR 1.6 Remote Cargo Locking and Unlocking by the Dispatcher
    • 4.5.7 FR 2.1 Hazmat Driver Identification and Verification by Dispatcher
    • 4.5.8 FR 2.2 Hazmat Driver Identification and Verification by Roadside Safety Enforcement Officers
    • 4.5.9 FR 2.3 Hazmat Cargo Location Tracking by the Dispatcher
    • 4.5.10 FR 2.4 Hazmat Cargo Route Adherence by the Dispatcher and Roadside Safety Enforcement Officers, as Required, Based on the Quantity and Type of Hazmat being Transported
    • 4.5.11 FR 2.5 Untethered Trailer Notification and Tracking by Dispatcher
    • 4.5.12 FR 2.6 Hazmat Cargo Tampering Alert to the Driver and the Dispatcher
    • 4.5.13 FR 2.7 Remote Cargo Locking and Unlocking by the Dispatcher
    • 4.5.14 FR 2.8 Real-time Emergency Alert Message Notification by the Driver to the Dispatcher
    • 4.5.15 FR 2.10 Real-time Emergency Alert Message Notification by the Vehicle to the Dispatcher if Vehicle Senses an Unauthorized Driver
    • 4.5.16 FR 2.11 Real-time Emergency Alert Message Notification by the Dispatcher to Local and State Law Enforcement Officials and Emergency Responders
    • 4.5.17 FR 2.12 Remote Hazmat Vehicle Disabling by the Driver
    • 4.5.18 FR 2.13 Remote Hazmat Vehicle Disabling by the Dispatcher
    • 4.5.19 FR 2.14 Hazmat Driver Identification and Verification by the Vehicle if the Vehicle is Motionless for 10 Minutes
    • 4.5.20 FR 3.1 Remote Cargo Locking and Unlocking by the Dispatcher
    • 4.5.21 FR 3.2 Hazmat Driver Identification and Verification by the Receiver
    • 4.5.22 FR 3.3 Hazmat Cargo Verification by the Receiver
    • 4.5.23 FR 3.4 Receiver Confirmation of Received Cargo to the Driver and Dispatcher
  • 4.6 Issues Identified and Lessons Learned from the Field Operational Test
    • 4.6.1Technology and Operational Issues
• 5.0 FINDINGS AND NEXT STEPS
  • 5.1 Hazardous Materials Industry
  • 5.2 Technology Issues and Opportunities
    • 5.2.1 Biometrics
    • 5.2.2 Wireless Vehicle Tracking and Communications
    • 5.2.3 Cargo Management
    • 5.2.4 Trailer Locks
    • 5.2.5 Electronic Freight Data
    • 5.2.6 Exception-Based Testing
    • 5.2.7 Geofencing
    • 5.2.8 Trailer Tracking
  • 5.3 Data Privacy Issues
  • 5.4 Summary of Findings
• 6.0 REFERENCES

List of Appendices

• Appendix A. Detailed Scenario Descriptions
• Appendix B. Hazmat Industry Technology Analysis
• Appendix C. Technology Compendium
• Appendix D. Beta Test
• Appendix E. Sensitive Information

List of Tables

• Table ES-1: Technology Components by Scenario
• Table 1. FOT Requirements
• Table 2. Organization of FOT Final Report
• Table 3. Battelle Team Members
• Table 4. Estimated Annual Growth Rate by Industry Sector
• Table 5. Industry Characteristics by Number of Units Operated
• Table 6. Hazmat Carriers Range of Operation
• Table 7. Proposed Scenario Descriptions
• Table 8. Mapping Research Objectives to FOT Technologies
• Table 10. COTS Technology Providers
• Table 11. Technology Tiers
• Table 12. Technology Components by Scenario
• Table 13. Scenario Participants
• Table 14. FOT Training Schedule
• Table 15. FOT Participants by Scenario
• Table 16. FOT Carrier Size and Commodity Characteristics
• Table 17. Technologies by Focus Area
• Table A-1. Technologies per Truck on Scenario (1a)
• Table A-2. Technologies per Truck on Scenario (1b)
• Table A-3. Technologies per Truck on Scenario 2a
• Table A-4. Technologies per Truck on Scenario 2b
• Table A-5. Technologies per Truck on Scenario 3a
• Table A-6. Technologies per Truck on Scenario 3b
• Table A-7. Technologies per Truck on Scenario 3c
• Table A-8. Technologies per Truck on Scenario 4a
• Table A-9. Technologies per Truck on Scenario 4b
• Table B-1. Number of Power Units Operated by Company Size
• Table B-2. Range of Operation Comparison
• Table B-3. Comparing Route Variability with Range of Operation
• Table B-4. Comparing Motor Carrier Size to Average Length of Haul
• Table B-5. Comparing Classifications of Hazmat Hauled by Operation Type
• Table B-6. Cross Tabulation of Company Size and Hazmat Transported
• Table B-7. Comparing Security Concerns with Range of Operation
• Table B-8. Security Solutions
• Table B-9. Comparison of Respondent Size to the Industry, by Operating Range
• Table E-1. Reference Component Vulnerabilities
• Table E-2. Threat Based Material Classifications
• Table E-3. Intentional Release Consequence Estimates for Bulk/Truckload
• Table E-4. Intentional Release Consequence Estimates for LTL
• Table E-5. Unintentional Release Consequence Estimates
• Table E-6. Attack Profile Weights
• Table E-7. Material Category Weights
• Table E-8. Attack Profile Rankings
• Table E-9. Material Rankings
• Table E-10. Mapping Functional Requirements to Scenarios and Vulnerabilities

List of Figures

• Figure ES 1: DOT Framework for FOT
• Figure 1. Hazmat Transported/CFS 1997
• Figure 2. Hazardous Material Transported by Company (FOT Participants)
• Figure 3. Current and Future Technology Use
• Figure 4. Compendium Technologies
• Figure 5. Prescribed Research Objectives
• Figure 6. Process Flow
• Figure 7. Hazmat FOT High-Level System Architecture Overview
• Figure 8. Wireless Satellite
• Figure 9. Digital Phone
• Figure 10. Dash Mounted Panic Button
• Figure 11. Wireless Panic Button
• Figure 12. Biometric Identification
• Figure 13. Cargo Locking
• Figure 14. Smart Seal Tag
• Figure 15. Geofencing
• Figure 16. Trailer Tracking Subsystem
• Figure 17. Tethered Device
• Figure 18. FOT Technology Installation, Operation, and Removal Schedule
• Figure B-1. Analysis of MCMIS Hazmat Carriers
• Figure B-2. Commodity Flow Survey 1997 - Hazmat Transported
• Figure B-3. FOT Industry Analysis of Hazardous Material Transported
• Figure B-4. Analysis of Security Concerns and Issues
• Figure B-5. Company Security Concerns and Issues
• Figure B-6. Company Current and Future Technology Use
• Figure D-1. Beta Test Route
• Figure D-2. Global Login Data