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The 20th century was a time of great improvements in public health. The American medical community made impressive strides in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.Vaccinations were developed to prevent many infectious diseases, and antibiotics controlled the bacterial infections that had previously made injuries, surgery, childbirth, and childhood diseases so deadly.

On the other hand, the American public also became more aware of the relationship between disease and personal behavior.Since the U.S. surgeon general first warned Americans about the dangers of smoking in 1964, the percentage of Americans who smoke has declined from almost 50 percent to approximately 25 percent. Smoking is no longer permitted in public buildings or on trains, buses or airplanes traveling within the United States. Most American restaurants are also divided into areas where smoking is permitted and those where it is not. Studies have linked a significant drop in the rate of lung cancer to a nationwide decline in cigarette smoking.

The federal government also encourages Americans to exercise regularly and to eat healthful diets, including large quantities of fruits and vegetables. More than 40 percent of Americans today exercise or play a sport as part of their regular routine. The per capita consumption of fruits and vegetables has increased by about 20 percent since 1970.

• Health and Medicine - Science.gov
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• Guide to NIH HIV/AIDS Information Services Prepared by the National Library of Medicine, this is a guide to the many HIV/AIDS programs of the National Institutes of Health, with selected public health service activities
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